Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-47-54
E. V. Trofimova, I. V. Reverchuk, A. Tynterova, A. Goncharov, A. H. Dzhigkaev
Background: prevalence, severity and heterogeneity of cognitive impairment in elderlies along with limited therapy options determine the relevance of the problem of timely diagnostics of cognitive disfunction. The purpose of this study is to identify a combination of the most informative patterns that allow a differentiated approach to the diagnosis of age-related cognitive impairment. Patients and methods: 213 patients were examined (99 patients 50–65 years old, 114 patients over 65 years of age) of “Federal Centre for High Medical Technologies” of Russian Ministry of Health (Kaliningrad). All patients complained for impaired mental performance, memory and attention. A neuropsychologic testing was conducted using next scales: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and additional cognitive impairment tests. For statistical analysis, machine learning algorithms, Python programming language, and Pandas and SciPy libraries were used. Results: for patients in the 50–65 age category, high relevance was found for executive dysfunction, decreased attention span, fatigue, anxiety, and endocrine system disorders. For patients over 65 years of age, significant features were semantic aphasia, perceptual and memory impairment, hyperlipidemia, history of ischemic stroke, and obesity. A significant negative correlation for the age index was found with the parameters of depression and anxiety; a positive correlation was found with the index of physical asthenia, disorders of perception, memory and semantic processing of information. Conclusion: the results demonstrate prevalence of cognitive dysfunctions in elderly patients. The tests assessing visual perception and semantic information processing can be of interest in early degenerative cognitive impairments diagnosis in elderly age. Discriminant analysis of a wide range of age-related variables will allow to make more effective aging trajectories prediction without any time-consuming diagnostic methods.
{"title":"Age-Related Development During Predictors and Clinical Neurodiagnostic Criteria of Cognitive Impairment in the General Medical Network","authors":"E. V. Trofimova, I. V. Reverchuk, A. Tynterova, A. Goncharov, A. H. Dzhigkaev","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-47-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-47-54","url":null,"abstract":"Background: prevalence, severity and heterogeneity of cognitive impairment in elderlies along with limited therapy options determine the relevance of the problem of timely diagnostics of cognitive disfunction. The purpose of this study is to identify a combination of the most informative patterns that allow a differentiated approach to the diagnosis of age-related cognitive impairment. Patients and methods: 213 patients were examined (99 patients 50–65 years old, 114 patients over 65 years of age) of “Federal Centre for High Medical Technologies” of Russian Ministry of Health (Kaliningrad). All patients complained for impaired mental performance, memory and attention. A neuropsychologic testing was conducted using next scales: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and additional cognitive impairment tests. For statistical analysis, machine learning algorithms, Python programming language, and Pandas and SciPy libraries were used. Results: for patients in the 50–65 age category, high relevance was found for executive dysfunction, decreased attention span, fatigue, anxiety, and endocrine system disorders. For patients over 65 years of age, significant features were semantic aphasia, perceptual and memory impairment, hyperlipidemia, history of ischemic stroke, and obesity. A significant negative correlation for the age index was found with the parameters of depression and anxiety; a positive correlation was found with the index of physical asthenia, disorders of perception, memory and semantic processing of information. Conclusion: the results demonstrate prevalence of cognitive dysfunctions in elderly patients. The tests assessing visual perception and semantic information processing can be of interest in early degenerative cognitive impairments diagnosis in elderly age. Discriminant analysis of a wide range of age-related variables will allow to make more effective aging trajectories prediction without any time-consuming diagnostic methods.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":"63 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-34-46
E. O. Kucher, N. Petrova, S.E. D. Pehkonen, L. Azarova, V. B. Dutov, M. V. Varaksa
Background: environmental influences on alcohol use in patients with mental disorders have received little research, although they may be another determinant of alcohol use beyond illness. The aim was to study the influence of family traditions and social environment on alcohol consumption by patients with mental disorders. Patients: 106 patients with various mental disorders who received treatment in inpatient and outpatient settings. Methods: patient information was received from the medical record and interviews using questionnaire “Alcohol use: experience, pattern, treatment” and scales: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser Scale (UKU), Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10). Results: the proportion of patients with high risk for alcohol use problems was 21% of all patients. Patients with a high level of risk differed in the style of drinking alcohol in the parental family: their parents drank alcohol more often. These patients also had their first experience of drinking alcohol in their parental family. There were more people who drank alcohol in large quantities in the past environment of such patients. Although high-risk patients had changed their current environment, they were still more likely to make situational alcohol choices, use it more often to cope with difficulties, and appeared to use previously established drinking styles. All high- risk patients began drinking alcohol before the onset of the disease. Conclusions: patients with a high risk of problems with alcohol use are more likely to have learned their drinking style from their parents, and they are more likely to drink alcohol under the influence of the situation. However, one third of patients were able to reduce their alcohol consumption during illness.
背景：环境对精神障碍患者饮酒的影响研究甚少，尽管环境可能是疾病之外饮酒的另一个决定因素。本研究旨在探讨家庭传统和社会环境对精神障碍患者饮酒的影响。研究对象106 名在住院和门诊接受治疗的各种精神障碍患者。方法：从病历中获取患者信息，并使用 "饮酒：经历、模式、治疗 "问卷和量表进行访谈：酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）、Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser Scale（UKU）、药物态度量表-10（DAI-10）。结果：酗酒问题高风险患者占所有患者的 21%。高危患者的父母家庭饮酒方式不同：他们的父母饮酒更频繁。这些患者也是第一次在父母家庭中饮酒。在这些患者过去的生活环境中，大量饮酒的人较多。尽管高危患者已经改变了当前的环境，但他们仍然更有可能做出情景性饮酒选择，更频繁地使用酒精来应对困难，并且似乎仍在使用以前形成的饮酒方式。所有高危患者都是在发病前开始饮酒的。结论：出现饮酒问题的高风险患者更有可能从父母那里学到了自己的饮酒方式，他们更有可能在情境的影响下饮酒。不过，三分之一的患者能够在患病期间减少饮酒量。
{"title":"The Influence of Family Experience and Environment on Alcohol Use in Patients with Mental Disorders","authors":"E. O. Kucher, N. Petrova, S.E. D. Pehkonen, L. Azarova, V. B. Dutov, M. V. Varaksa","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-34-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-34-46","url":null,"abstract":"Background: environmental influences on alcohol use in patients with mental disorders have received little research, although they may be another determinant of alcohol use beyond illness. The aim was to study the influence of family traditions and social environment on alcohol consumption by patients with mental disorders. Patients: 106 patients with various mental disorders who received treatment in inpatient and outpatient settings. Methods: patient information was received from the medical record and interviews using questionnaire “Alcohol use: experience, pattern, treatment” and scales: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser Scale (UKU), Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10). Results: the proportion of patients with high risk for alcohol use problems was 21% of all patients. Patients with a high level of risk differed in the style of drinking alcohol in the parental family: their parents drank alcohol more often. These patients also had their first experience of drinking alcohol in their parental family. There were more people who drank alcohol in large quantities in the past environment of such patients. Although high-risk patients had changed their current environment, they were still more likely to make situational alcohol choices, use it more often to cope with difficulties, and appeared to use previously established drinking styles. All high- risk patients began drinking alcohol before the onset of the disease. Conclusions: patients with a high risk of problems with alcohol use are more likely to have learned their drinking style from their parents, and they are more likely to drink alcohol under the influence of the situation. However, one third of patients were able to reduce their alcohol consumption during illness.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-73-90
D. Pilechev, Y. Mikadze, V. Vandysh-Bubko, M. Gilenko
Background: cognitive impairments are comorbid for most mental disorders and can be important in assessing the ability of a subject to understand and control their actions in legally significant situations. The aim of review: аnalysis of neurobiological correlates and cognitive impairments in individuals suffering from mental disorders — organic personality disorder, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, in the context of forensic psychiatric examination. Material and methods: using keywords: “cognitive impairments in schizophrenia”, “cognitive impairments in organic personality disorders”, “cognitive impairments in personality disorders”, “MRI in schizophrenia”, “MRI in organic personality disorder”, “MRI in personality disorder”, “forensic neuropsychology”, “schizophrenia and criminal actions”, “organic personality disorders and criminal actions”, “personality disorders and criminal actions” the search and analysis of scientific publications was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and RSCI databases over the past 5 years. Conclusion: schizophrenia shows deviations in the functioning of frontal and temporal lobes characterized by cognitive impairments: executive functions, attention, auditory-verbal memory, psychomotor slowness, inconsistent behavior, and deficits in volitional efforts. Borderline personality disorder is associated with reduced volume of the anterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, dysfunctional interaction between limbic and prefrontal areas resulting in difficulties in emotion identification and impulsivity. Individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and secondary personality disorders exhibit diffuse gray matter damage affecting frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, emphasizing dysfunction of limbic-reticular complex structures with cognitive impairments including decreased thinking speed, attention stability, executive functions, auditory-verbal memory, visual-spatial memory, visual-motor coordination, and decreased impulse control. Individuals with mental disorders who commit criminal acts often exhibit deficiencies in frontal lobes and associated disturbances in executive components of mental activity, particularly cognitive flexibility and planning. Neuropsychological methods for studying cognitive functions can be used to obtain additional information in forensic psychiatric examinations.
{"title":"The Foundations and Practice of Neuropsychological Diagnostics in the Context of Forensic Psychiatric Examination","authors":"D. Pilechev, Y. Mikadze, V. Vandysh-Bubko, M. Gilenko","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-73-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-73-90","url":null,"abstract":"Background: cognitive impairments are comorbid for most mental disorders and can be important in assessing the ability of a subject to understand and control their actions in legally significant situations. The aim of review: аnalysis of neurobiological correlates and cognitive impairments in individuals suffering from mental disorders — organic personality disorder, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, in the context of forensic psychiatric examination. Material and methods: using keywords: “cognitive impairments in schizophrenia”, “cognitive impairments in organic personality disorders”, “cognitive impairments in personality disorders”, “MRI in schizophrenia”, “MRI in organic personality disorder”, “MRI in personality disorder”, “forensic neuropsychology”, “schizophrenia and criminal actions”, “organic personality disorders and criminal actions”, “personality disorders and criminal actions” the search and analysis of scientific publications was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and RSCI databases over the past 5 years. Conclusion: schizophrenia shows deviations in the functioning of frontal and temporal lobes characterized by cognitive impairments: executive functions, attention, auditory-verbal memory, psychomotor slowness, inconsistent behavior, and deficits in volitional efforts. Borderline personality disorder is associated with reduced volume of the anterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, dysfunctional interaction between limbic and prefrontal areas resulting in difficulties in emotion identification and impulsivity. Individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and secondary personality disorders exhibit diffuse gray matter damage affecting frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, emphasizing dysfunction of limbic-reticular complex structures with cognitive impairments including decreased thinking speed, attention stability, executive functions, auditory-verbal memory, visual-spatial memory, visual-motor coordination, and decreased impulse control. Individuals with mental disorders who commit criminal acts often exhibit deficiencies in frontal lobes and associated disturbances in executive components of mental activity, particularly cognitive flexibility and planning. Neuropsychological methods for studying cognitive functions can be used to obtain additional information in forensic psychiatric examinations.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-63-72
N. Pyatnitskiy, S. N. Enikolopov
Background: in contemporary domestic psychiatry the evolutionary explanations of antisocial personality disorder are practically lacking. The aim of study: the analysis of the significant concepts of the evolutionary approach to understanding the origins and typology of antisocial, or dissocial, personality disorder. Material and methods: a narrative review of contemporary English-language psychiatric and psychological literature using all available search engines using the keywords “antisocial psychopathy” and “evolutionary psychiatry and psychology”. Discussion and conclusion: in English-language psychiatric and psychological literature the affective component of antisocial traits, emphasized only in ICD-10, is called “primary psychopathy,” while the behavioral component of antisocial traits, associated with “sensation seeking” and “hyperactivation,” is called “secondary” psychopathy. Evolutionary and ecological approaches emphasize the adaptive role of aggressive and antisocial behavior, viewing such behavior as a “high-risk strategy” in social and sexual competition, as “costly” but potentially adaptive (rather than as “behavioral dysfunctions”). The understanding of persistent antisocial behavior as a social “trickster” strategy exploiting the trust and cooperative behavior of others is based on the R. Axelrod-W. Hamilton “iterated” prisoner’s dilemma. In the Prisoner’s Dilemma evolutionary model, the player’s payoff is determined by the effects on “fitness”: survival and fertility. Participating in several interactions with individuals, an antisocial “deceiver” with high mobility is able to exist, manifesting itself with a fairly low frequency in the population. Non-cooperative behavior in both animals and humans reduces the fitness of others and includes aggressive behavior, deception, betrayal, predation and social parasitism. From the point of view of the concept of “economic games,” people with subclinically expressed primary psychopathic traits (emotional coldness, manipulativeness, Machiavellianism) are represented as “strategists” with cooperation partners: they give with reciprocity to those partners whom they consider “highly valuable” (with the potential for great benefits in future), and only “take”, manipulating and deceiving, from those of “low value”. In a broad sense, evolutionary psychologists and psychiatrists find in the characteristics of antisocial individuals a predominance of a set of properties of “fast” life strategies, while the concept of “fast strategies” is also used to explain geographical differences in the prevalence of aggressive behavior.
{"title":"Antisocial Personality Disorder as a Form of Adaptive Strategy","authors":"N. Pyatnitskiy, S. N. Enikolopov","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-63-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-63-72","url":null,"abstract":"Background: in contemporary domestic psychiatry the evolutionary explanations of antisocial personality disorder are practically lacking. The aim of study: the analysis of the significant concepts of the evolutionary approach to understanding the origins and typology of antisocial, or dissocial, personality disorder. Material and methods: a narrative review of contemporary English-language psychiatric and psychological literature using all available search engines using the keywords “antisocial psychopathy” and “evolutionary psychiatry and psychology”. Discussion and conclusion: in English-language psychiatric and psychological literature the affective component of antisocial traits, emphasized only in ICD-10, is called “primary psychopathy,” while the behavioral component of antisocial traits, associated with “sensation seeking” and “hyperactivation,” is called “secondary” psychopathy. Evolutionary and ecological approaches emphasize the adaptive role of aggressive and antisocial behavior, viewing such behavior as a “high-risk strategy” in social and sexual competition, as “costly” but potentially adaptive (rather than as “behavioral dysfunctions”). The understanding of persistent antisocial behavior as a social “trickster” strategy exploiting the trust and cooperative behavior of others is based on the R. Axelrod-W. Hamilton “iterated” prisoner’s dilemma. In the Prisoner’s Dilemma evolutionary model, the player’s payoff is determined by the effects on “fitness”: survival and fertility. Participating in several interactions with individuals, an antisocial “deceiver” with high mobility is able to exist, manifesting itself with a fairly low frequency in the population. Non-cooperative behavior in both animals and humans reduces the fitness of others and includes aggressive behavior, deception, betrayal, predation and social parasitism. From the point of view of the concept of “economic games,” people with subclinically expressed primary psychopathic traits (emotional coldness, manipulativeness, Machiavellianism) are represented as “strategists” with cooperation partners: they give with reciprocity to those partners whom they consider “highly valuable” (with the potential for great benefits in future), and only “take”, manipulating and deceiving, from those of “low value”. In a broad sense, evolutionary psychologists and psychiatrists find in the characteristics of antisocial individuals a predominance of a set of properties of “fast” life strategies, while the concept of “fast strategies” is also used to explain geographical differences in the prevalence of aggressive behavior.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-55-62
A. Zolotareva
Background: in foreign science and practice, the Somatic Symptom Disorder — B Criteria Scale (SSD-12) is actively used in the diagnosis of cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of somatization, as well as in screening and monitoring of somatoform disorder in the general population and in patients seeking primary health care. The aim of study: adaptation of the Russian version of the SSD-12 in the general population. Participants and methods: the sample consisted of 1,535 respondents who filled out, in addition to the SSD-12, a set of diagnostic measures assessing anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), and somatization (Somatic Symptom Scale-8, SSS-8). Results: the adapted scale has a three-factor structure that allows diagnosing cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of somatization (SB χ2 (51) = 656, p < 0,001; CFI = 0,942; TLI = 0,925; SRMR = 0,037; RMSEA = 0,088 (CI 95% 0,082–0,094)). The reliability has been proven using acceptable internal consistency. The validity was confirmed by the expected correlations between somatization according to the SSD-12 and SSS-8, anxiety according to the GAD-7, and depression according to the PHQ-9. The specificity and sensitivity were determined using ROC curves for cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of somatization. Conclusion: the Russian version of the SSD-12 is psychometrically consistent and can be recommended as a diagnostic instrument for assessing of cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of somatization in the general population.
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Russian Version of the Somatic Symptom Disorder — B Criteria Scale","authors":"A. Zolotareva","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-55-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-55-62","url":null,"abstract":"Background: in foreign science and practice, the Somatic Symptom Disorder — B Criteria Scale (SSD-12) is actively used in the diagnosis of cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of somatization, as well as in screening and monitoring of somatoform disorder in the general population and in patients seeking primary health care. The aim of study: adaptation of the Russian version of the SSD-12 in the general population. Participants and methods: the sample consisted of 1,535 respondents who filled out, in addition to the SSD-12, a set of diagnostic measures assessing anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), and somatization (Somatic Symptom Scale-8, SSS-8). Results: the adapted scale has a three-factor structure that allows diagnosing cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of somatization (SB χ2 (51) = 656, p < 0,001; CFI = 0,942; TLI = 0,925; SRMR = 0,037; RMSEA = 0,088 (CI 95% 0,082–0,094)). The reliability has been proven using acceptable internal consistency. The validity was confirmed by the expected correlations between somatization according to the SSD-12 and SSS-8, anxiety according to the GAD-7, and depression according to the PHQ-9. The specificity and sensitivity were determined using ROC curves for cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of somatization. Conclusion: the Russian version of the SSD-12 is psychometrically consistent and can be recommended as a diagnostic instrument for assessing of cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of somatization in the general population.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":"66 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-91-99
I. Fedotov, D. Shustov
Background: due to the emergence of new technologies for analyzing of EEG signal, many new researches in this field have appeared in recent years, including those investigating EEG parameters of schizophrenia. The aim: this publication provides an overview of actual studies on the possibilities of using the assessment of resting state EEG recordings in the diagnostics and prognosis of schizophrenia course. Material and methods: publications were selected in eLibrary, PubMed, Google Scholar and CNKI databases using the keywords: “psychosis”, “schizophrenia”, “EEG”, “resting state”. Methodologically, the atricle is a narrative literature review. Thirty-three sources were selected for analysis. Discussion and conclusion: according to the data available to present date qualitive and quantitative assessment of resting EEGs cannot be used for the instrumental diagnosis of schizophrenia because the most commonly detected increase in the proportion of slow-wave activity is seen in a several disorders. However, some quantitative spectral estimates of resting state EEG could be used to identify poor prognosis response to antipsychotic therapy, as well as for objective assessment of the dynamics of the mental state. Estimation of the power of slow resting EEG rhythms and other methods of assessing the connectivity of different neural networks could be considered as potential markers of the presence of a specific endophenotype. Modern digital technologies, including machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, make it possible to identify resting EEG of the schizophrenic patients from healthy controls with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity more than 95%. EEG microstates assessment, which can be used to assess the functioning of large neuronal ensembles, are one of the methods for detecting the endophenotype of schizophrenia.
{"title":"Resting State EEG Analysis for Schizophrenia: from Alpha-Rhythm Reduction to Microstates Assessment","authors":"I. Fedotov, D. Shustov","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-91-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-91-99","url":null,"abstract":"Background: due to the emergence of new technologies for analyzing of EEG signal, many new researches in this field have appeared in recent years, including those investigating EEG parameters of schizophrenia. The aim: this publication provides an overview of actual studies on the possibilities of using the assessment of resting state EEG recordings in the diagnostics and prognosis of schizophrenia course. Material and methods: publications were selected in eLibrary, PubMed, Google Scholar and CNKI databases using the keywords: “psychosis”, “schizophrenia”, “EEG”, “resting state”. Methodologically, the atricle is a narrative literature review. Thirty-three sources were selected for analysis. Discussion and conclusion: according to the data available to present date qualitive and quantitative assessment of resting EEGs cannot be used for the instrumental diagnosis of schizophrenia because the most commonly detected increase in the proportion of slow-wave activity is seen in a several disorders. However, some quantitative spectral estimates of resting state EEG could be used to identify poor prognosis response to antipsychotic therapy, as well as for objective assessment of the dynamics of the mental state. Estimation of the power of slow resting EEG rhythms and other methods of assessing the connectivity of different neural networks could be considered as potential markers of the presence of a specific endophenotype. Modern digital technologies, including machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, make it possible to identify resting EEG of the schizophrenic patients from healthy controls with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity more than 95%. EEG microstates assessment, which can be used to assess the functioning of large neuronal ensembles, are one of the methods for detecting the endophenotype of schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-24-33
E. E. Balakireva, S. Nikitina, A. V. Kulikov, A. Koval-Zaitsev, T. E. Blinova, N. S. Shalina, O. Shushpanova, A. G. Alekseeva
Background: сoverage of the problem of mood disorders in patients with schizotypal disorder with leading eating disorders (EDs), in childhood and adolescence is relevant. However, concomitant disorders in eating disorder in childhood and adolescence and their dynamics have not been sufficiently studied. The aim: to study the clinical and psychopathological structure of mood disorders in patients with schizotypal disorder and eating disorders leading in the clinical picture. Patients and methods: the study included 50 patients (9 boys, 41 girls), aged 7 to 16 years. Inclusion criteria: 1) schizotypal disorder; 2) eating disorders; 3) mood disorders. Research methods: clinical-psychopathological, psychometric (HDRS, PANSS), follow-up, somatic observation. Results: in patients with schizotypal and mood disorders, the following variants of eating disorder were observed: anorexia nervosa (AN — first type), anorexia nervosa with dominance of bulimia (ANB — second type), anorexia nervosa with dominance of bulimia and vomitomania (ANB + B — third type). Mood disorders in the first type of eating disorder were characterized by a pronounced depressive triad, suicidal thoughts and stupor at the cachectic stage of the disease. Mood disorders in the second type of eating disorder were characterized by a mixed affective state: short unproductive mania, ideas of dysmorphophobia, ideas of attitude, followed by a prolonged depressive state with senesto-hypochondriacal disorders, asthenia, and an increase in cognitive impairment. Mood disorders in the third type of eating disorder were characterized by the presence, of pronounced delusional and dysmorphophobic disorders and ideas of attitude, psychopathic behavior, depersonalization-derealization disorders, asthenia and cognitive impairment. Affective pathology in schizotypal disorder with eating disorder, as well as body dysmorphic syndrome, persisted for a long time. The most severe course was observed in the third group of patients (NANB + B), which was due to a significant proportion of psychotic disorders in the structure of the syndrome and somatic complications due to vomiting behavior. Conclusions: patients with schizotypal disorder with leading symptoms of eating disorder and mood disorders require an integrated approach to therapy, including somatic and psychopharmacological treatment.
{"title":"Mood Disorders in Schizotypal Disorder with Leading Syndrome of Eating Disorders","authors":"E. E. Balakireva, S. Nikitina, A. V. Kulikov, A. Koval-Zaitsev, T. E. Blinova, N. S. Shalina, O. Shushpanova, A. G. Alekseeva","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-24-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-24-33","url":null,"abstract":"Background: сoverage of the problem of mood disorders in patients with schizotypal disorder with leading eating disorders (EDs), in childhood and adolescence is relevant. However, concomitant disorders in eating disorder in childhood and adolescence and their dynamics have not been sufficiently studied. The aim: to study the clinical and psychopathological structure of mood disorders in patients with schizotypal disorder and eating disorders leading in the clinical picture. Patients and methods: the study included 50 patients (9 boys, 41 girls), aged 7 to 16 years. Inclusion criteria: 1) schizotypal disorder; 2) eating disorders; 3) mood disorders. Research methods: clinical-psychopathological, psychometric (HDRS, PANSS), follow-up, somatic observation. Results: in patients with schizotypal and mood disorders, the following variants of eating disorder were observed: anorexia nervosa (AN — first type), anorexia nervosa with dominance of bulimia (ANB — second type), anorexia nervosa with dominance of bulimia and vomitomania (ANB + B — third type). Mood disorders in the first type of eating disorder were characterized by a pronounced depressive triad, suicidal thoughts and stupor at the cachectic stage of the disease. Mood disorders in the second type of eating disorder were characterized by a mixed affective state: short unproductive mania, ideas of dysmorphophobia, ideas of attitude, followed by a prolonged depressive state with senesto-hypochondriacal disorders, asthenia, and an increase in cognitive impairment. Mood disorders in the third type of eating disorder were characterized by the presence, of pronounced delusional and dysmorphophobic disorders and ideas of attitude, psychopathic behavior, depersonalization-derealization disorders, asthenia and cognitive impairment. Affective pathology in schizotypal disorder with eating disorder, as well as body dysmorphic syndrome, persisted for a long time. The most severe course was observed in the third group of patients (NANB + B), which was due to a significant proportion of psychotic disorders in the structure of the syndrome and somatic complications due to vomiting behavior. Conclusions: patients with schizotypal disorder with leading symptoms of eating disorder and mood disorders require an integrated approach to therapy, including somatic and psychopharmacological treatment.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-14-23
L. V. Androsova, N. M. Mikhaylova, S. Zozulya, A. G. Alekseeva, T. Klyushnik
Background: the role of the sex factor in the differences between the manifestations of normality and pathology is not limited to the phenomenon of sexual dimorphism. It is known that the prevalence of certain diseases in males and females is different, in particular, there is a multiple increase in the incidence of dementia in females compared to males in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Taking into account the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, there is reason to assume gender differences in inflammation indicators at different stages of dementia in AD. The aim of the study was to conduct comparative analysis of indicators of the inflammatory system in the blood plasma of males and females at different stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Patients, control group and methods: a total of 210 patients with AD (101 males and 109 females) aged 49 to 94 years (average age 72.3 ± 8.2) with varying degrees of dementia severity, i.e. mild, moderate, severe, were examined. In peripheral blood plasma, the enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and the functional activity of α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) were determined by the spectrophotometric method, and the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA). The control group consisted of 52 healthy people, who did not differ from the patients in age and gender. Results and discussion: in the blood of patients with varying severity of dementia in AD, a statistically significant increase in α1-PI activity was observed compared to controls (p < 0.0001), regardless of gender. For all subgroups of patients with AD, the indicators of LE enzymatic activity were within the control range or beyond its lower limit. Low LE activity was observed in males compared to females both in the general group and in moderate dementia (p = 0.005105, p = 0.028672, respectively). In severe dementia, a significant decrease in LE activity compared to the controls did not depend on gender. Low LE activity in the blood of patients with AD, along with elevated levels of other inflammatory markers, may reflect a critical violation of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and/or functional exhaustion of neutrophils due to a long-term inflammatory process. In males, compared with females, an increase in the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was detected in the general group and in moderate dementia (p = 0.021238, p = 0.027894, respectively). A highly significant increase in CRP levels was only detected in males in subgroups with different severity of dementia. CRP levels in males were significantly higher than in females at the stage of moderate and severe dementia (p = 0.000906, p = 0.000049, respectively). Conclusion: distinctive features of inflammatory markers spectrum were identified, depending on gender and severity of dementia in AD. These results can be used to develop sex-specific preventive or therapeutic strategi
背景：性别因素在正常与病态表现差异中的作用并不局限于性二型现象。众所周知，某些疾病在男性和女性中的发病率是不同的，特别是在阿尔茨海默病（AD）中，女性痴呆症的发病率比男性高出数倍。考虑到神经炎症在神经退行性疾病发病机制中的作用，有理由认为在阿尔茨海默病痴呆症的不同阶段，炎症指标存在性别差异。本研究旨在对阿尔茨海默病不同阶段男性和女性血浆中的炎症系统指标进行比较分析。患者、对照组和方法：共对 210 名年龄在 49 至 94 岁（平均年龄为 72.3 ± 8.2）、痴呆程度不同（即轻度、中度和重度）的阿兹海默病患者（101 名男性和 109 名女性）进行了检查。采用分光光度法测定外周血血浆中白细胞弹性蛋白酶（LE）的酶活性和α1-蛋白酶抑制剂（α1-PI）的功能活性，采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定 C 反应蛋白（CRP）和 IL-6 的水平。对照组由 52 名健康人组成，他们在年龄和性别上与患者没有差异。结果与讨论：与对照组相比，在不同严重程度的 AD 痴呆症患者的血液中，α1-PI 活性有统计学意义的显著增加（p < 0.0001），与性别无关。在所有亚组的 AD 患者中，LE 酶活性指标均在对照组范围内或超过其下限。在普通组和中度痴呆症患者中，男性的低密度脂蛋白酶活性低于女性（分别为p = 0.005105和p = 0.028672）。在重度痴呆症患者中，与对照组相比，LE活性的显著降低与性别无关。AD患者血液中的低密度脂蛋白活性较低，同时其他炎症标志物水平升高，这可能反映出血脑屏障的通透性受到严重破坏，和/或由于长期炎症过程导致中性粒细胞功能衰竭。与女性相比，男性一般组和中度痴呆症患者的促炎症细胞因子 IL-6 水平升高（分别为 p = 0.021238 和 p = 0.027894）。在痴呆症严重程度不同的亚组中，只有男性的 CRP 水平出现了非常明显的升高。在中度和重度痴呆阶段，男性的 CRP 水平明显高于女性（分别为 p = 0.000906 和 p = 0.000049）。结论：炎症标志物谱的独特性取决于阿兹海默症痴呆症的性别和严重程度。这些结果可用于为轻度认知障碍患者制定针对不同性别的预防或治疗策略，以确定患痴呆症的风险和抵抗力。
{"title":"Comparative Characteristics of Inflammatory Markers in Alzheimer’s Disease in Males and Females","authors":"L. V. Androsova, N. M. Mikhaylova, S. Zozulya, A. G. Alekseeva, T. Klyushnik","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-14-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-14-23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the role of the sex factor in the differences between the manifestations of normality and pathology is not limited to the phenomenon of sexual dimorphism. It is known that the prevalence of certain diseases in males and females is different, in particular, there is a multiple increase in the incidence of dementia in females compared to males in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Taking into account the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, there is reason to assume gender differences in inflammation indicators at different stages of dementia in AD. The aim of the study was to conduct comparative analysis of indicators of the inflammatory system in the blood plasma of males and females at different stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Patients, control group and methods: a total of 210 patients with AD (101 males and 109 females) aged 49 to 94 years (average age 72.3 ± 8.2) with varying degrees of dementia severity, i.e. mild, moderate, severe, were examined. In peripheral blood plasma, the enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and the functional activity of α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) were determined by the spectrophotometric method, and the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA). The control group consisted of 52 healthy people, who did not differ from the patients in age and gender. Results and discussion: in the blood of patients with varying severity of dementia in AD, a statistically significant increase in α1-PI activity was observed compared to controls (p < 0.0001), regardless of gender. For all subgroups of patients with AD, the indicators of LE enzymatic activity were within the control range or beyond its lower limit. Low LE activity was observed in males compared to females both in the general group and in moderate dementia (p = 0.005105, p = 0.028672, respectively). In severe dementia, a significant decrease in LE activity compared to the controls did not depend on gender. Low LE activity in the blood of patients with AD, along with elevated levels of other inflammatory markers, may reflect a critical violation of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and/or functional exhaustion of neutrophils due to a long-term inflammatory process. In males, compared with females, an increase in the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was detected in the general group and in moderate dementia (p = 0.021238, p = 0.027894, respectively). A highly significant increase in CRP levels was only detected in males in subgroups with different severity of dementia. CRP levels in males were significantly higher than in females at the stage of moderate and severe dementia (p = 0.000906, p = 0.000049, respectively). Conclusion: distinctive features of inflammatory markers spectrum were identified, depending on gender and severity of dementia in AD. These results can be used to develop sex-specific preventive or therapeutic strategi","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":"74 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-6-13
N. Petrova, D. Charnaia, E. Chumakov, L. Azarova
Background: the relevance of this study stems from the difficulties in diagnosing borderline personality disorder (BPD) and the importance of studying neurocognitive functioning for expanding the understanding of mental disorders. The available data on the cognitive profile of patients with BPD vary markedly. We could not find any studies in this area in a domestic sample. The aim of the study was to investigate the cognitive profile of patients with BPD. Patients and methods: 50 patients (72% women; n = 36; 28% men; n = 14) aged 22.4 ± 4.3 years with ICD-10 diagnosis F60.31 “Emotionally unstable personality disorder, borderline type” were examined. The research methods included clinical and scale assessment: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, SCL-90 symptom questionnaire, Borderline Personality Disorder Questionnaire, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Results: the obtained data indicate the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with BPD. The structure of neurocognitive deficit includes impairments of working and verbal memory and attention. The severity of BPD is associated with lower cognitive functioning. No correlation between affective symptomatology in BPD and the degree of cognitive impairment was found.
{"title":"Cognitive Profile of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder","authors":"N. Petrova, D. Charnaia, E. Chumakov, L. Azarova","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-6-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-6-13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the relevance of this study stems from the difficulties in diagnosing borderline personality disorder (BPD) and the importance of studying neurocognitive functioning for expanding the understanding of mental disorders. The available data on the cognitive profile of patients with BPD vary markedly. We could not find any studies in this area in a domestic sample. The aim of the study was to investigate the cognitive profile of patients with BPD. Patients and methods: 50 patients (72% women; n = 36; 28% men; n = 14) aged 22.4 ± 4.3 years with ICD-10 diagnosis F60.31 “Emotionally unstable personality disorder, borderline type” were examined. The research methods included clinical and scale assessment: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, SCL-90 symptom questionnaire, Borderline Personality Disorder Questionnaire, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Results: the obtained data indicate the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with BPD. The structure of neurocognitive deficit includes impairments of working and verbal memory and attention. The severity of BPD is associated with lower cognitive functioning. No correlation between affective symptomatology in BPD and the degree of cognitive impairment was found.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":"127 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-66-77
L. Bravve, G. Mamedova, M. Kaydan, V. F. Morozov, S. I. Kartashov, A. Zaborin, N. V. Zakharova
Background: catatonia is the focus of neurophysiological research as a syndrome with unspecified pathogenesis. Modern neuroimaging techniques contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder. The aim was to conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature to confirm that catatonia is associated with structural and functional changes in the brain. The analysis made up researches using diffusion MRI for judgement on indirect measure of changes in white or gray matter density using a fractional anisotropy (FA) and resting state functional MRI for assessment a measure of connectivity. Materials and methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Mendeley databases were searched using the search terms (and their derivatives) for: “catatonia”, “resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging” and “catatonia”, “diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging”. The search yielded 147 publications for preliminary screening, of which 96 were on fMRI of catatonia and 51 on dMRI. During the screening stage, duplicates and articles that could not be accessed were removed. This left 21 fMRI articles and 18 dMRI articles. After which the articles were checked for compliance with the inclusion criteria: 1) original full-text articles; 2) identification of catatonia not caused by a somatic disease and verified using the Bush–Francis and/or Northoff psychometric scales; 3) age of the examined 18 years and over. 3 fMRI and 3 dMRI articles were included. Conclusions: aberrations of FA indicators were found in catatonia, which may be associated with the density of the white matter of the brain. Changes in connectivity in the somatosensory network have been identified, which allows to consider these disorders as potential markers of catatonia. To confirm the hypothesis and results obtained, further research is required due to the small number of publications on this topic.
{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Study of Catatonia: Use of DWI and Resting State fMRI","authors":"L. Bravve, G. Mamedova, M. Kaydan, V. F. Morozov, S. I. Kartashov, A. Zaborin, N. V. Zakharova","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-66-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-66-77","url":null,"abstract":"Background: catatonia is the focus of neurophysiological research as a syndrome with unspecified pathogenesis. Modern neuroimaging techniques contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder. The aim was to conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature to confirm that catatonia is associated with structural and functional changes in the brain. The analysis made up researches using diffusion MRI for judgement on indirect measure of changes in white or gray matter density using a fractional anisotropy (FA) and resting state functional MRI for assessment a measure of connectivity. Materials and methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Mendeley databases were searched using the search terms (and their derivatives) for: “catatonia”, “resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging” and “catatonia”, “diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging”. The search yielded 147 publications for preliminary screening, of which 96 were on fMRI of catatonia and 51 on dMRI. During the screening stage, duplicates and articles that could not be accessed were removed. This left 21 fMRI articles and 18 dMRI articles. After which the articles were checked for compliance with the inclusion criteria: 1) original full-text articles; 2) identification of catatonia not caused by a somatic disease and verified using the Bush–Francis and/or Northoff psychometric scales; 3) age of the examined 18 years and over. 3 fMRI and 3 dMRI articles were included. Conclusions: aberrations of FA indicators were found in catatonia, which may be associated with the density of the white matter of the brain. Changes in connectivity in the somatosensory network have been identified, which allows to consider these disorders as potential markers of catatonia. To confirm the hypothesis and results obtained, further research is required due to the small number of publications on this topic.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":"53 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141102939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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