Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-54-65
A. O. Kibitov, G. E. Mazo, E. D. Kasyanov, A. P. Gorbunova, G. V. Rukavishnikov, N. Neznanov
Background: depression is widespread in the population, and one of the leading causes of disability, reduced life expectancy and mortality. Such a significant effect is based on the high frequency of comorbidity of depression with severe chronic somatic diseases. Genetic studies can provide tools to identify groups with a high level of genetic risk of comorbidity of these diseases in a population for their early specific prevention. The aim of review article was to justify the methodology and design of research directed for joint genetic risk markers for depression and chronic somatic diseases linked with each other in terms of genetic comorbidity. Publication, patients and methods: population cohort of depressive patients examined using international clinical and psychometric instruments. The study will allow: 1) to evaluate the risks of developing chronic somatic diseases in a population of patients with depression; 2) to assess the predictive power of polygenic risk scores of somatic diseases for symptoms of depression and somatic diseases in a population sample; 3) to validate polygenic risk scores for genetic comorbidity of depression and somatic diseases in a qualitatively described sample of patients using modern clinical and psychometric tools. Conclusion: the methodology and results of the study can be used for an evidence-based preventive approach in the field of mental and physical health.
{"title":"Genetic Comorbidity of Depression and Somatic Diseases: Rationale Study Design in a Population Cohort Using Polygenic Risk Scores","authors":"A. O. Kibitov, G. E. Mazo, E. D. Kasyanov, A. P. Gorbunova, G. V. Rukavishnikov, N. Neznanov","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-54-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-54-65","url":null,"abstract":"Background: depression is widespread in the population, and one of the leading causes of disability, reduced life expectancy and mortality. Such a significant effect is based on the high frequency of comorbidity of depression with severe chronic somatic diseases. Genetic studies can provide tools to identify groups with a high level of genetic risk of comorbidity of these diseases in a population for their early specific prevention. The aim of review article was to justify the methodology and design of research directed for joint genetic risk markers for depression and chronic somatic diseases linked with each other in terms of genetic comorbidity. Publication, patients and methods: population cohort of depressive patients examined using international clinical and psychometric instruments. The study will allow: 1) to evaluate the risks of developing chronic somatic diseases in a population of patients with depression; 2) to assess the predictive power of polygenic risk scores of somatic diseases for symptoms of depression and somatic diseases in a population sample; 3) to validate polygenic risk scores for genetic comorbidity of depression and somatic diseases in a qualitatively described sample of patients using modern clinical and psychometric tools. Conclusion: the methodology and results of the study can be used for an evidence-based preventive approach in the field of mental and physical health.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-78-90
O. Z. Khayretdinov, L. I. Rubakova, E. V. Makushkin
Background: the need for remote delivery of diagnostic, treatment and correctional care has increased significantly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, at present, remote forms of care in psychiatry cause ambiguous attitudes among representatives of the medical community, and many organizational, legal and clinical-methodological issues of the use of telemedicine technologies in the provision of medical care, especially in the “patient–doctor” format, remain insufficiently developed. The purpose of this review is to analyze the scientific publications on the organization and legal regulation of telemedicine consultation in the “doctor–doctor” and “patient–doctor” formats when providing assistance to children and adolescents with mental disorders in the Russian Federation. Material and method of review: according to keywords “child psychiatry”, “health care”, “telemedicine technologies”, “regulatory acts” Russian scientific studies published between January 2016 and September 2023 presented in the databases eLibrary and PubMed were selected and analyzed. An analysis of the organizational and regulatory parameters of telemedicine consultations in the “doctor — patient (legal representative)” format and in the “doctor — doctor” format was made based on the practical activities of the Center named after G.E. Sukhareva of the Moscow Department of Health. Conclusion: the review of scientific articles confirmed the validity of telecommunication technologies use to make accessible the children’s psychiatric care, as well as for destigmatization and improvement the quality of medical care. It was shown the need to optimise the regulatory framework, to eliminate conflicting regulatory requirements for primary telemedicine consultation.
{"title":"Organizational and Regulatory Aspects of the Telemedicine Technologies Use in Providing Health Care to Children and Adolescents with Mental Disorders in Russian Federation","authors":"O. Z. Khayretdinov, L. I. Rubakova, E. V. Makushkin","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-78-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-78-90","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the need for remote delivery of diagnostic, treatment and correctional care has increased significantly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, at present, remote forms of care in psychiatry cause ambiguous attitudes among representatives of the medical community, and many organizational, legal and clinical-methodological issues of the use of telemedicine technologies in the provision of medical care, especially in the “patient–doctor” format, remain insufficiently developed. The purpose of this review is to analyze the scientific publications on the organization and legal regulation of telemedicine consultation in the “doctor–doctor” and “patient–doctor” formats when providing assistance to children and adolescents with mental disorders in the Russian Federation. Material and method of review: according to keywords “child psychiatry”, “health care”, “telemedicine technologies”, “regulatory acts” Russian scientific studies published between January 2016 and September 2023 presented in the databases eLibrary and PubMed were selected and analyzed. An analysis of the organizational and regulatory parameters of telemedicine consultations in the “doctor — patient (legal representative)” format and in the “doctor — doctor” format was made based on the practical activities of the Center named after G.E. Sukhareva of the Moscow Department of Health. Conclusion: the review of scientific articles confirmed the validity of telecommunication technologies use to make accessible the children’s psychiatric care, as well as for destigmatization and improvement the quality of medical care. It was shown the need to optimise the regulatory framework, to eliminate conflicting regulatory requirements for primary telemedicine consultation.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-6-17
Y. R. Panikratova, A. Tomyshev, E. Abdullina, D. Tikhonov, A. G. Alekseeva, V. Kaleda, V. B. Strelets, I. S. Lebedeva
Background: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is one of the latest brain structures to mature during the ontogeny, and its structural and functional abnormalities play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. As schizophrenia spectrum disorders usually start before the complete brain maturation and their earlier onset is coupled with worse prognosis, we suggested that earlier illness onset is related to more pronounced aberrations of the DLPFC. The aim of study was to analyze the associations of the onset age of schizophrenia spectrum disorders with structural and functional characteristics of the DLPFC that differentiated patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders from healthy controls. Patients and methods: male patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n = 82) and healthy controls (n = 86) underwent structural MRI and functional resting-state fMRI. Cortical thickness and whole-brain functional connectivity of the DLPFC as well as local coherence and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations of haemodynamic signal in the DLPFC were analyzed. Results: patients demonstrated a decreased gray matter thickness in the DLPFC bilaterally along with aberrant (predominantly decreased) functional connectivity of the DLPFC with other brain structures in each hemisphere. These measures were not associated with the age of illness onset. Conclusions: structural and functional abnormalities revealed in this study coincide with conventional view on the DLPFC as one of the key regions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders pathogenesis, however, these aberrations were not related to the age of psychosis onset. Possible interpretations of our results and limitations of the study are discussed in the article.
{"title":"Structural and Functional Characteristics of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Their Associations with Onset Age","authors":"Y. R. Panikratova, A. Tomyshev, E. Abdullina, D. Tikhonov, A. G. Alekseeva, V. Kaleda, V. B. Strelets, I. S. Lebedeva","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-6-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-6-17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is one of the latest brain structures to mature during the ontogeny, and its structural and functional abnormalities play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. As schizophrenia spectrum disorders usually start before the complete brain maturation and their earlier onset is coupled with worse prognosis, we suggested that earlier illness onset is related to more pronounced aberrations of the DLPFC. The aim of study was to analyze the associations of the onset age of schizophrenia spectrum disorders with structural and functional characteristics of the DLPFC that differentiated patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders from healthy controls. Patients and methods: male patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n = 82) and healthy controls (n = 86) underwent structural MRI and functional resting-state fMRI. Cortical thickness and whole-brain functional connectivity of the DLPFC as well as local coherence and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations of haemodynamic signal in the DLPFC were analyzed. Results: patients demonstrated a decreased gray matter thickness in the DLPFC bilaterally along with aberrant (predominantly decreased) functional connectivity of the DLPFC with other brain structures in each hemisphere. These measures were not associated with the age of illness onset. Conclusions: structural and functional abnormalities revealed in this study coincide with conventional view on the DLPFC as one of the key regions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders pathogenesis, however, these aberrations were not related to the age of psychosis onset. Possible interpretations of our results and limitations of the study are discussed in the article.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-39-45
S. Galkin, N. I. Kisel, N. A. Bokhan
Background: the range and prevalence of complicating pathologies in alcoholism indicate the need for a thorough examination of patients using modern diagnostic approaches. The aim was to study the indicators of spontaneous electrical activity of the brain in patients with alcohol dependence with comorbid exogenous organic brain damage non-alcoholic nature. Patients and methods: a study of electroencephalograms of 148 men with alcohol dependence using the classification of E.A. Zhirmunskaya (1984) was conducted. Results: based on the hystory data, 85 (57.4%) patients were found to have exogenous organic vascular brain damage (including hypertension in 57 (38.5%) cases, chronic cerebral circulation disorder — in 8 (5.4%), somatoform autonomic dysfunction — in 7 (4.7%)) and traumatic character (mild traumatic brain injury) in 13 (8.8%)) patients. The analysis using Fisher’s exact criterion revealed statistically significant differences between patients with alcohol dependence and alcoholism patients with comorbid exogenous organic brain damage in the frequency of occurrence of various types of electroencephalograms (p < 0.001). The study clearly showed that the presence of exogenous organic brain damage in patients with alcoholism leads to more pronounced functional changes in the brain. Conclusion: early detection of pathological activity on the EEG in patients with alcohol dependence will allow clinicians to carry out appropriate therapeutic and diagnostic measures in a timely manner and will provide additional information necessary for the development of personalized medical rehabilitation programs for patients taking into account their neurophysiological profile.
{"title":"Features of the Background EEG of Alcohol Dependent Patients with Comorbid Exogenous Organic Brain Damage","authors":"S. Galkin, N. I. Kisel, N. A. Bokhan","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-39-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-39-45","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the range and prevalence of complicating pathologies in alcoholism indicate the need for a thorough examination of patients using modern diagnostic approaches. The aim was to study the indicators of spontaneous electrical activity of the brain in patients with alcohol dependence with comorbid exogenous organic brain damage non-alcoholic nature. Patients and methods: a study of electroencephalograms of 148 men with alcohol dependence using the classification of E.A. Zhirmunskaya (1984) was conducted. Results: based on the hystory data, 85 (57.4%) patients were found to have exogenous organic vascular brain damage (including hypertension in 57 (38.5%) cases, chronic cerebral circulation disorder — in 8 (5.4%), somatoform autonomic dysfunction — in 7 (4.7%)) and traumatic character (mild traumatic brain injury) in 13 (8.8%)) patients. The analysis using Fisher’s exact criterion revealed statistically significant differences between patients with alcohol dependence and alcoholism patients with comorbid exogenous organic brain damage in the frequency of occurrence of various types of electroencephalograms (p < 0.001). The study clearly showed that the presence of exogenous organic brain damage in patients with alcoholism leads to more pronounced functional changes in the brain. Conclusion: early detection of pathological activity on the EEG in patients with alcohol dependence will allow clinicians to carry out appropriate therapeutic and diagnostic measures in a timely manner and will provide additional information necessary for the development of personalized medical rehabilitation programs for patients taking into account their neurophysiological profile.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-46-53
E. Ichitovkina, P. V. Sakovich, A. G. Soloviev, S. Zhernov
Background: the need to improve standards, organizational methods and practical scientific approaches to the prevention and treatment of mental pathology and the restoration of mental health of military personnel involved in combat operations determines the importance of developing and implementing effective strategies for correcting the mental state of combatants. The aim: to analyze the results of preclinical online screening of stress-associated disorders in combatants to assess its effectiveness in conducting routine psychoprophylactic examinations of military personnel after returning from the combat zone. Subjects and methods: 176 male employees of the Russian Guard who returned after a business trip of up to 90 days in the combat zone were examined. All combatants underwent preclinical online screening for the detection of stress-associated mental disorders, including methods regulated by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. After testing, the obtained data were processed using cluster analysis by the K-means method. Clinical and psychopathological examination and laboratory studies were conducted, including: the content of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), testosterone and cortisol levels, processing of the data obtained using statistical methods. Results: the combination of high levels of evening cortisol and CDT in combatants may indicate a complex interaction of physical stress, psychological trauma and possible alcohol abuse, which may be the result of both specific conditions of military service and a way to cope with post-war stress and trauma. Conclusions: it was found that the data of preclinical screening testing are consistent with clinical and laboratory results. Online screening testing for the detection of stress-associated disorders in combatants, combined with the determination of testosterone, evening cortisol and CDT levels, can serve as markers of the presence of stress-associated disorders.
{"title":"Preclinical Online Sсreening for Stress-Associated Disorders in Combatants","authors":"E. Ichitovkina, P. V. Sakovich, A. G. Soloviev, S. Zhernov","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-46-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-46-53","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the need to improve standards, organizational methods and practical scientific approaches to the prevention and treatment of mental pathology and the restoration of mental health of military personnel involved in combat operations determines the importance of developing and implementing effective strategies for correcting the mental state of combatants. The aim: to analyze the results of preclinical online screening of stress-associated disorders in combatants to assess its effectiveness in conducting routine psychoprophylactic examinations of military personnel after returning from the combat zone. Subjects and methods: 176 male employees of the Russian Guard who returned after a business trip of up to 90 days in the combat zone were examined. All combatants underwent preclinical online screening for the detection of stress-associated mental disorders, including methods regulated by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. After testing, the obtained data were processed using cluster analysis by the K-means method. Clinical and psychopathological examination and laboratory studies were conducted, including: the content of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), testosterone and cortisol levels, processing of the data obtained using statistical methods. Results: the combination of high levels of evening cortisol and CDT in combatants may indicate a complex interaction of physical stress, psychological trauma and possible alcohol abuse, which may be the result of both specific conditions of military service and a way to cope with post-war stress and trauma. Conclusions: it was found that the data of preclinical screening testing are consistent with clinical and laboratory results. Online screening testing for the detection of stress-associated disorders in combatants, combined with the determination of testosterone, evening cortisol and CDT levels, can serve as markers of the presence of stress-associated disorders.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141102874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-18-27
I. A. Beltceva, N. M. Zalutskaya, N. Neznanov
Background: hospitalization of elderly patients is associated with social and psychological maladaptation, reduced levels of daily functioning, and development of hospitalism. Patients whose status suddenly worsened immediately prior to discharge from psychiatric hospital make up a group that is difficult for diagnostics and treatment and not sufficiently studied. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in patients’ status before planned discharge from hospital to identify clinical patterns of deterioration and factors associated with this adverse event. Patients and methods: study participants were selected from 181 consecutive patients of the Geriatric Psychiatry Department of V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology. The main study methods were history-taking and psychological assessment. Results: predischarge deterioration was observed in 81 patients (44.8%) and was represented by exacerbation of mental disorder in 60 cases (33.2%), development of new symptoms in 12 patients (6.6%), or decompensation of somatic disease in 9 cases (5.0%). The history of patients with predischarge worsening was characterized by longer prior hospitalizations. These patients were more heavily pretreated, and had higher rates of hospitalism and non-compliance. For patients with worsening or development of new symptoms of mental disorder median duration of mental disease was respectively 84 and 204 months. They were more prone to violation of compliance, of the prescribed treatment regime and doses. Somatic decompensation occurred in patients with median duration of mental disorder 36 months and was associated with latent refusal to take medicines. Conclusions: an increased risk of predischarge deterioration in geropsychiatric patients with a history of prolonged hospitalizations needs earlier rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and psychological support when planning hospital discharge.
{"title":"“Pre-Discharge Syndrome” in Gerontopsychiatric Practice: Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors","authors":"I. A. Beltceva, N. M. Zalutskaya, N. Neznanov","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-18-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-18-27","url":null,"abstract":"Background: hospitalization of elderly patients is associated with social and psychological maladaptation, reduced levels of daily functioning, and development of hospitalism. Patients whose status suddenly worsened immediately prior to discharge from psychiatric hospital make up a group that is difficult for diagnostics and treatment and not sufficiently studied. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in patients’ status before planned discharge from hospital to identify clinical patterns of deterioration and factors associated with this adverse event. Patients and methods: study participants were selected from 181 consecutive patients of the Geriatric Psychiatry Department of V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology. The main study methods were history-taking and psychological assessment. Results: predischarge deterioration was observed in 81 patients (44.8%) and was represented by exacerbation of mental disorder in 60 cases (33.2%), development of new symptoms in 12 patients (6.6%), or decompensation of somatic disease in 9 cases (5.0%). The history of patients with predischarge worsening was characterized by longer prior hospitalizations. These patients were more heavily pretreated, and had higher rates of hospitalism and non-compliance. For patients with worsening or development of new symptoms of mental disorder median duration of mental disease was respectively 84 and 204 months. They were more prone to violation of compliance, of the prescribed treatment regime and doses. Somatic decompensation occurred in patients with median duration of mental disorder 36 months and was associated with latent refusal to take medicines. Conclusions: an increased risk of predischarge deterioration in geropsychiatric patients with a history of prolonged hospitalizations needs earlier rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and psychological support when planning hospital discharge.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-28-38
O. A. Guskova, T. A. Nikolayenko, B. Prilensky, I. O. Korovina, E. Yaroslavskaya, T. I. Petelina
Background: there is the different susceptibility to viral infections, course of the disease, reaction to stress and quality of life (QoL) in men and women. The aim of this study is to identify the psycho-emotional state and QoL characteristics of women and men in 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients and methods: during the cross-sectional study within the framework of the prospective cohort study “Prospective follow-up of patients after COVID-19-associated pneumonia”, 133 patients (54.1% women; mean age 54 ± 9 years) were examined by experimental psychological method (PHQ-9, GAD-7, PSS-10, SF-36). The mental health was assessed by a psychiatrist, the cardiovascular system — by a cardiologist. Results: women were more likely to have psychoemotional disorders (p = 0.011) and symptoms of depression (p = 0.030). All indicators of QoL were higher among men. In women, a decrease in the scores on the vital activity scale increased the frequency of detecting signs of anxiety, depression (p = 0.004) and stress, an increase in the values on the social functioning scale showed an association with severe lung damage in the acute period of the disease (p = 0.024). In men, a decrease in pain intensity indicators is associated with the detection of mental disorders (p = 0.039) and the appointment of psychotropic therapy (p = 0.005). The severity of stress was observed with a decrease in values on all scales of the QoL questionnaire. The older age of the examined was determined with a decrease in the indicators of the physical component of health (p = 0.006) and other physical aspects of QoL. Conclusion: the mental state differs significantly in men and women 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia. QoL of both sexes is associated with stress. In women, QoL depends on the mental state, in men depends on physical well-being. The results obtained can be applied in the planning of rehabilitation measures taking into account gender characteristics.
背景：男性和女性对病毒感染的易感性、病程、对压力的反应和生活质量（QoL）存在差异。本研究旨在确定 COVID-19 肺炎 3 个月后男女的心理情绪状态和 QoL 特征。患者和方法：在前瞻性队列研究 "COVID-19 相关肺炎患者的前瞻性随访 "框架内进行的横断面研究期间，采用实验心理学方法（PHQ-9、GAD-7、PSS-10、SF-36）对 133 名患者（54.1% 为女性；平均年龄为 54 ± 9 岁）进行了检查。心理健康由精神科医生评估，心血管系统由心脏科医生评估。结果：女性更容易出现心理情感障碍（P = 0.011）和抑郁症状（P = 0.030）。男性的所有 QoL 指标都更高。在女性中，生命活动量表得分的降低增加了发现焦虑、抑郁（p = 0.004）和压力迹象的频率，社会功能量表值的增加显示与疾病急性期的严重肺损伤有关（p = 0.024）。在男性中，疼痛强度指标的下降与精神障碍的发现（p = 0.039）和精神药物治疗的应用（p = 0.005）有关。压力的严重程度与 QoL 问卷所有量表的数值下降有关。受试者年龄越大，其身体健康指标（p = 0.006）和其他身体方面的 QoL 值就越低。结论：COVID-19 肺炎 3 个月后，男性和女性的精神状态存在显著差异。男女的 QoL 都与压力有关。女性的 QoL 取决于精神状态，而男性则取决于身体健康。所获得的结果可用于规划考虑到性别特征的康复措施。
{"title":"Gender Differences in Psycho-Emotional State and Quality of Life in Patients 3 Months after Pneumonia COVID-19","authors":"O. A. Guskova, T. A. Nikolayenko, B. Prilensky, I. O. Korovina, E. Yaroslavskaya, T. I. Petelina","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-28-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-2-28-38","url":null,"abstract":"Background: there is the different susceptibility to viral infections, course of the disease, reaction to stress and quality of life (QoL) in men and women. The aim of this study is to identify the psycho-emotional state and QoL characteristics of women and men in 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients and methods: during the cross-sectional study within the framework of the prospective cohort study “Prospective follow-up of patients after COVID-19-associated pneumonia”, 133 patients (54.1% women; mean age 54 ± 9 years) were examined by experimental psychological method (PHQ-9, GAD-7, PSS-10, SF-36). The mental health was assessed by a psychiatrist, the cardiovascular system — by a cardiologist. Results: women were more likely to have psychoemotional disorders (p = 0.011) and symptoms of depression (p = 0.030). All indicators of QoL were higher among men. In women, a decrease in the scores on the vital activity scale increased the frequency of detecting signs of anxiety, depression (p = 0.004) and stress, an increase in the values on the social functioning scale showed an association with severe lung damage in the acute period of the disease (p = 0.024). In men, a decrease in pain intensity indicators is associated with the detection of mental disorders (p = 0.039) and the appointment of psychotropic therapy (p = 0.005). The severity of stress was observed with a decrease in values on all scales of the QoL questionnaire. The older age of the examined was determined with a decrease in the indicators of the physical component of health (p = 0.006) and other physical aspects of QoL. Conclusion: the mental state differs significantly in men and women 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia. QoL of both sexes is associated with stress. In women, QoL depends on the mental state, in men depends on physical well-being. The results obtained can be applied in the planning of rehabilitation measures taking into account gender characteristics.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-1-99-104
G. Tiumenkova, A. I. Magay
Scientific and Practical Conference with international participation «Mental Health of the Family: Russian Traditions and Modern Approaches to Assistance»м тир, held FSBSI «Mental Health Research Centre» on January 26, 2024 in Moscow as part of the XXXII International Christmas Educational Readings «Orthodoxy and Domestic Culture: Losses and Gains of the Past, the Image of the Future». The conference comprehensively covered the traditional values of families in Russian society, as well as the problems that arise in families whose members suffer from mental disorders and behavioral disorders. The achievements and possibilities of helping family members with mental and behavioral disorders, as well as the provision of psychiatric, psychological, social and spiritual assistance by various institutions through the prism of biopsychosocial, spiritual and family-oriented approaches were discussed. The issues of volunteer participation in rehabilitation programs for families, the contribution of public organizations and their interaction with state and religious institutions in the aspect of psychosocial rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders and behavioral disorders, as well as issues of multidisciplinary interaction of specialists in the field of family prevention of mental disorders were considered. The exchange of scientific and practice-oriented achievements of domestic and foreign psychiatry in the field of family prevention of mental disorders, behavioral disorders and addiction diseases, the introduction of new technologies of assistance allows to improve the quality and effectiveness of psychiatric and narcological care provided to families that include persons with mental disorders and behavioral disorders.
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Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-1-68-77
S. Y. Tereshchenko
Background: microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recent studies indicate the involvement of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders, which allows to consider them as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The aim of this literature review is to analyse curren research on the involvement of microRNAs in the formation of psychiatric disorders, focusing on their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Materials and methods: to find relevant publications, we searched eLibrary and PubMed databases using the following keywords and terms: microRNAs, mental disorders, psychological status, biomarkers, diagnosis, prognosis.Conclusion: numerous studies suggest that microRNAs are involved in the regulation of critical molecular pathways associated with psychiatric disorders, including neurotransmission, neurodevelopment, and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of certain microRNAs has been observed in various psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and addictive disorders. It is highlighted that the investigated microRNAs have a high potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers, opening up possibilities for early detection and personalised treatment strategies. The identification of specific microRNAs associated with different psychiatric disorders offers new opportunities to develop innovative diagnostic approaches and targeted therapeutic interventions. However, a number of challenges remain, including differences in microRNA expression levels and profiles due to the heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders, the need for standardisation of microRNA analysis protocols and their further validation in large-scale studies on different patient populations. Collaborative efforts between basic genetics researchers and clinicians are needed to harness the full potential of microRNA analysis for the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
{"title":"MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Mental Disorders: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications","authors":"S. Y. Tereshchenko","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-1-68-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-1-68-77","url":null,"abstract":"Background: microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recent studies indicate the involvement of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders, which allows to consider them as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The aim of this literature review is to analyse curren research on the involvement of microRNAs in the formation of psychiatric disorders, focusing on their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Materials and methods: to find relevant publications, we searched eLibrary and PubMed databases using the following keywords and terms: microRNAs, mental disorders, psychological status, biomarkers, diagnosis, prognosis.Conclusion: numerous studies suggest that microRNAs are involved in the regulation of critical molecular pathways associated with psychiatric disorders, including neurotransmission, neurodevelopment, and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of certain microRNAs has been observed in various psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and addictive disorders. It is highlighted that the investigated microRNAs have a high potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers, opening up possibilities for early detection and personalised treatment strategies. The identification of specific microRNAs associated with different psychiatric disorders offers new opportunities to develop innovative diagnostic approaches and targeted therapeutic interventions. However, a number of challenges remain, including differences in microRNA expression levels and profiles due to the heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders, the need for standardisation of microRNA analysis protocols and their further validation in large-scale studies on different patient populations. Collaborative efforts between basic genetics researchers and clinicians are needed to harness the full potential of microRNA analysis for the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-1-78-89
N. Y. Pyatnitskiy
The aim was to compare «hierarchical» and «modular» models of the mental functions and psychopathological syndromes.Material and method: a historical analysis is undertaken in the narrative review the works of thinkers of different times who put forward the concepts of mental deviations from the norm. Discussion and conclusion: hierarchical models go back to the concepts of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, modular models – to the concepts of the German doctor F. Gall. The most famous hierarchical model of «circles» of positive and negative general psychopathological syndromes in Russian psychiatry by A.V. Snezhnevsky was preceded by the hierarchical model of M.O. Gurevich – M.Ya. Sereisky, in turn, based on the model of «levels» of the psyche of the English neurologist J.H. Jackson and E. Kraepelin’s «organ registers» model. In German psychiatry also K. Jaspers cited the «onion» model in the first edition of General Psychopathology, substantiating the complication of psychopathological symptoms depending on the nosology of mental disorders. Later, the American psycholinguist and philosopher J. Fodor proposed a «modular» model of the psyche, according to which the human psyche consists of relatively independent «modules» («encapsulated») that are specific to a certain area of stimuli, are genetically determined, correlate with certain neural structures and are «computationally autonomous». The concept of modular construction of the psyche was further developed in the works of psychologists and psychiatrists of the «evolutionary» direction (models of «massive modularity», which denied the «encapsulation» of modules according to J. Fodor), based, among other premises, on the modular construction of the brain of many animal species. Diversity turns out to be inherent not only in modular models of the psyche, but also in hierarchical ones, for example, the sequence of general psychopathological positive syndromes in A.V. Snezhnevsky’s model of «circles» differs from the correlation of psychopathological syndromes in the model of «registers» by E. Kraepelin, who at the final stage of his scientific activity postulated the principles of «comparative psychiatry», in many respects similar to the principles of the subsequent direction of «evolutionary» psychiatry.
材料与方法：在对不同时代提出心理偏差概念的思想家的作品进行叙述性回顾的过程中进行了历史分析。讨论与结论：层次模型可以追溯到古希腊哲学家柏拉图的概念，模块模型--德国医生 F. Gall 的概念。俄罗斯精神病学中最著名的积极和消极一般精神病理综合征 "圆圈 "分层模型是由 A.V. 斯涅日涅夫斯基提出的，在他之前还有 M.O. 古列维奇-M.Ya.谢列斯基的分层模型。Sereisky 则以英国神经学家 J.H. Jackson 的心理 "层次 "模型和 E. Kraepelin 的 "器官登记 "模型为基础。在德国精神病学中，雅斯贝尔斯（K. Jaspers）也在《普通精神病学》第一版中引用了 "洋葱 "模型，证明精神病理学症状的复杂性取决于精神障碍的命名。后来，美国心理语言学家和哲学家福多（J. Fodor）提出了心理的 "模块化 "模式，根据这一模式，人的心理由相对独立的 "模块"（"封装"）组成，这些 "模块 "对特定区域的刺激具有特异性，由基因决定，与特定的神经结构相关联，并且 "在计算上是自主的"。心理的模块化构造概念在心理学家和精神病学家的 "进化论"（"大规模模块化 "模型，根据 J. Fodor 的观点，否认了模块的 "封装"）著作中得到了进一步发展，除其他前提外，其依据是许多动物物种大脑的模块化构造。例如，斯涅日涅夫斯基（A.V. Snezhnevsky）的 "圆圈 "模型中的一般精神病理学阳性综合征的顺序与克拉佩林（E. Kraepelin）的 "寄存器 "模型中的精神病理学综合征的相关性不同，后者在其科学活动的最后阶段提出了 "比较精神病学 "的原则，在许多方面与后来的 "进化 "精神病学方向的原则相似。
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