Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-7-6-13
A. Iznak, E. Iznak, E. B. Rumyantseva, S. Sizov, I. V. Oleichik
The aim of the study: was to search for differences in the EEG dynamics during the treatment of patients with polymorphic and monomorphic subtypes of prolonged/chronic manic-delusional states (PMDS). Patients and methods: two groups of female patients aged 18–45 with polymorphic (42 patients) and monomorphic (34 patients) subtypes of PMDS were identifed. In all patients, before and after the course of treatment, a multichannel resting EEG was recorded with the measurement of absolute spectral power in narrow frequency sub-bands. A comparative analysis of quantitative EEG spectral parameters was carried out. Intragroup differences in mean EEG spectral power values before and after treatment were identifed using nonparametric statistical criteria. Methods: clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, neurophysiological, statistical. Results: in the group of patients with polymorphic PMDS, compared to the group of patients with monomorphic PMDS, the EEG slowdown under the influence of treatment was significantly stronger and more generalized (in the form of an increase in the spectral power of the EEG in the delta, theta 1, theta 2 and alpha 1 frequency sub-bands), reflecting a greater strengthening of neurophysiological processes of inhibition, which is associated with an improvement in the clinical condition of patients, especially in relation to manic symptoms. Conclusion: the described differences in the functional organization of brain activity may mediate the features of the clinical picture and therapeutic dynamics of patients with polymorphic and monomorphic subtypes of PMDS.
{"title":"EEG Dynamics During Treatment of Patients with Polymorphic and Monomorphic Subtypes of Prolonged/Chronic Manic-Delusional States","authors":"A. Iznak, E. Iznak, E. B. Rumyantseva, S. Sizov, I. V. Oleichik","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-7-6-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-7-6-13","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study: was to search for differences in the EEG dynamics during the treatment of patients with polymorphic and monomorphic subtypes of prolonged/chronic manic-delusional states (PMDS). Patients and methods: two groups of female patients aged 18–45 with polymorphic (42 patients) and monomorphic (34 patients) subtypes of PMDS were identifed. In all patients, before and after the course of treatment, a multichannel resting EEG was recorded with the measurement of absolute spectral power in narrow frequency sub-bands. A comparative analysis of quantitative EEG spectral parameters was carried out. Intragroup differences in mean EEG spectral power values before and after treatment were identifed using nonparametric statistical criteria. Methods: clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, neurophysiological, statistical. Results: in the group of patients with polymorphic PMDS, compared to the group of patients with monomorphic PMDS, the EEG slowdown under the influence of treatment was significantly stronger and more generalized (in the form of an increase in the spectral power of the EEG in the delta, theta 1, theta 2 and alpha 1 frequency sub-bands), reflecting a greater strengthening of neurophysiological processes of inhibition, which is associated with an improvement in the clinical condition of patients, especially in relation to manic symptoms. Conclusion: the described differences in the functional organization of brain activity may mediate the features of the clinical picture and therapeutic dynamics of patients with polymorphic and monomorphic subtypes of PMDS.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-7-14-23
M. Kaydan, N. V. Zakharova, Y. Zorkina, G. Kostyuk
Background: resistant schizophrenia, despite the introduction of new antipsychotics and diagnostic methods, still reaches 50%of cases among all patients with schizophrenia. The search for new methods of early diagnosis using personalized genetic analysis tools seems relevant and promising at the present time. The aim of the study was to analyze the associations of polymorphisms COMT rs4680, DRD3 rs6280, BDNF rs6265 with the development of a therapeutic resistance in patients with schizophrenia. Patients and methods: а real-time genetic analysis of 264 patients with schizophrenia examined by clinical and psychometric methods. A prospective follow-up for 6 weeks was carried out with further division of the sample into 2 groups: respondents and patients with resistance based on the evaluation of the effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy. Results: a significant association with the ineffectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy found in patients with schizophrenia being homozygotes in the recessive model and being heterozygotes in the codominant model of the rs6265 polymorphism of the BDNF gene. Conclusions: the rs6265 polymorphism of the BDNF gene can be considered as a diagnostic marker for the development of treatment resistant schizophrenia, but requires further study to confirm sensitivity and specificity.
{"title":"Search for Association of Polymorphisms rs6280 of the DRD3 Gene, rs4680 of the COMT Gene, rs6265 of the Gene BDNF with Schizophrenia Resistant to Antipsychotic Therapy in Russian Populations","authors":"M. Kaydan, N. V. Zakharova, Y. Zorkina, G. Kostyuk","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-7-14-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-7-14-23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: resistant schizophrenia, despite the introduction of new antipsychotics and diagnostic methods, still reaches 50%of cases among all patients with schizophrenia. The search for new methods of early diagnosis using personalized genetic analysis tools seems relevant and promising at the present time. The aim of the study was to analyze the associations of polymorphisms COMT rs4680, DRD3 rs6280, BDNF rs6265 with the development of a therapeutic resistance in patients with schizophrenia. Patients and methods: а real-time genetic analysis of 264 patients with schizophrenia examined by clinical and psychometric methods. A prospective follow-up for 6 weeks was carried out with further division of the sample into 2 groups: respondents and patients with resistance based on the evaluation of the effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy. Results: a significant association with the ineffectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy found in patients with schizophrenia being homozygotes in the recessive model and being heterozygotes in the codominant model of the rs6265 polymorphism of the BDNF gene. Conclusions: the rs6265 polymorphism of the BDNF gene can be considered as a diagnostic marker for the development of treatment resistant schizophrenia, but requires further study to confirm sensitivity and specificity.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140483404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-7-24-30
I. S. Lebedeva, A. Tomyshev, P. Borisova, D. Romanov
Background: brain structural peculiarities in different mental disorders are neurobiological indicators that are extremely important both for understanding of the diseases’ pathogenesis and for identifying potentially valid prognostic markers. The aim of this pilot study was to identify the range of brain morphometric parameters in the group of patients with schizotypal disorders with catatonia syndrome. Patients and methods: 33 patients with schizotypal disorder and 33 age-matched mentally healthy subjects underwent high-resolution structural MRI on a 3T Philips Ingenia scanner. Results: there were found widely distributed intergroup differences in form of the smaller gray matter thickness. In this spectrum, a morphometric abnormality of the precentral gyrus, an area of the primary motor cortex localization, previously not noted in the literature on schizotypal disorder, drew special attention. In addition, smaller volume of the nuclei accumbens (included in the processes of choosing actions) was found. Conclusions: this pilot study allowed to reveal some brain elements of the mosaic presumably associated with the manifestation of catatonia syndrome in schizotypal disorder.
{"title":"Anatomo-Morphological Brain Featuresi in Patients with Schizotypal Disorder with Catatoniс Symptoms: A Pilot Study","authors":"I. S. Lebedeva, A. Tomyshev, P. Borisova, D. Romanov","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-7-24-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-7-24-30","url":null,"abstract":"Background: brain structural peculiarities in different mental disorders are neurobiological indicators that are extremely important both for understanding of the diseases’ pathogenesis and for identifying potentially valid prognostic markers. The aim of this pilot study was to identify the range of brain morphometric parameters in the group of patients with schizotypal disorders with catatonia syndrome. Patients and methods: 33 patients with schizotypal disorder and 33 age-matched mentally healthy subjects underwent high-resolution structural MRI on a 3T Philips Ingenia scanner. Results: there were found widely distributed intergroup differences in form of the smaller gray matter thickness. In this spectrum, a morphometric abnormality of the precentral gyrus, an area of the primary motor cortex localization, previously not noted in the literature on schizotypal disorder, drew special attention. In addition, smaller volume of the nuclei accumbens (included in the processes of choosing actions) was found. Conclusions: this pilot study allowed to reveal some brain elements of the mosaic presumably associated with the manifestation of catatonia syndrome in schizotypal disorder.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-110-112
B. A. Voskressenskiy
.
.
{"title":"Review of N.Yu. Pyatnitskiy’s Monograph “To the origins of the term and notion of refl ex in medicine and psychology”","authors":"B. A. Voskressenskiy","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-110-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-110-112","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139536366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: stress and depressive mood swings among adolescents have a serious influence in the later part of life. It is necessary to analyse the problems of adolescents in order to create psychologically strong society. The aim of study was to investigate the driving factors of stress and instable mood in adolescents. This also helped to reveal the educational and social barriers of adolescents. Research hypothesis: stress and depressive mood swings in adolescents mostly occur due to events in their habitual places, such as schools, public places, and family. Patients and methods: the primary data of the study was obtained from 138 school student adolescents. The gathered data of semi-structured questionnaire was analysed, using Quantitative Research Methodology, SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), statistical tests, like Correlation, ANOVA, and Descriptive statistics. Results: disasters of stress and depressive mood swings affect the lifestyle of adolescents. The study suggested that the family environment and academic problems were the vital psychological factor affecting the adolescents. Avoiding negative thoughts helps to increase one’s self esteem. Education improves the involvement in socialising. Conclusion: involvement of parents in education process contributes to create positive family environment, which in turn helps to identify solutions for improving one’s self esteem. Concentration on severe disasters of stress and depressive mood swings among adolescents facilitates the creation of a strong psychological society.
{"title":"The Impact of Stress and Depression on Adolescents: An Empirical Study","authors":"Medha Narayan Kulshreshtha, Roopali Sharma, Saroj Yadav","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-100-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-100-109","url":null,"abstract":" Background: stress and depressive mood swings among adolescents have a serious influence in the later part of life. It is necessary to analyse the problems of adolescents in order to create psychologically strong society. The aim of study was to investigate the driving factors of stress and instable mood in adolescents. This also helped to reveal the educational and social barriers of adolescents. Research hypothesis: stress and depressive mood swings in adolescents mostly occur due to events in their habitual places, such as schools, public places, and family. Patients and methods: the primary data of the study was obtained from 138 school student adolescents. The gathered data of semi-structured questionnaire was analysed, using Quantitative Research Methodology, SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), statistical tests, like Correlation, ANOVA, and Descriptive statistics. Results: disasters of stress and depressive mood swings affect the lifestyle of adolescents. The study suggested that the family environment and academic problems were the vital psychological factor affecting the adolescents. Avoiding negative thoughts helps to increase one’s self esteem. Education improves the involvement in socialising. Conclusion: involvement of parents in education process contributes to create positive family environment, which in turn helps to identify solutions for improving one’s self esteem. Concentration on severe disasters of stress and depressive mood swings among adolescents facilitates the creation of a strong psychological society.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139536253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-85-99
G. Burbaeva, T. Prokhorova, O. Savushkina, E. Tereshkina, E. Vorobyeva, I. Boksha
Background: heterogeneity of schizophrenia is reflected in the variety of clinical manifestations and biological disorders, on the basis of which several neurochemical hypotheses are formulated for schizophrenia pathogenesis. Review of the current hypotheses of schizophrenia pathogenesis shows that oxidative stress is not the main cause of the disease development, but affects its course and contributes to the deterioration of the patient’s condition. Objective: analysis of the relationships between redox imbalance and oxidative stress and the development of pathological processes in schizophrenia within the framework of neurochemical hypotheses of the disease pathogenesis. Material and methods: a search was made for sources in the Medline/PubMed databases, Scopus and RSCI using keyword combinations “oxidative stress”, “oxidation-reduction imbalance”, “schizophrenia”, “hypotheses of schizophrenia pathogenesis”, “antioxidants”, “neurotransmitters”, “glutathione”, “neuroinflammation”. Conclusion: data from numerous studies of the brain of patients with schizophrenia, their blood plasma, serum, and blood cells as well as the study of animal models of schizophrenia indicate the presence of redox imbalance and oxidative stress in this disease. Taken together, these data indicate that genetic and environmental factors that affect the manifestation of various pathological mechanisms in schizophrenia (disturbances in neurotransmitter systems, hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, neuroinflammation, impaired signaling protein phosphorylation pathways) lead to the oxidative stress, enhancing the initial pathological changes, as a result of which synchronization processes and intercellular communications in the brain become disrupted. Medicines with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, compounds for correcting mitochondrial dysfunction, and NMDAR-mediated signaling modulators can be used as drugs to reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress. The efficacy of these medicines may vary in different patients, so the development of biomarker systems aimed at identifying individuals who are more likely to respond to a particular drug is of great importance.
{"title":"Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia: Relation to Neurochemical Pathogenetic Hypotheses","authors":"G. Burbaeva, T. Prokhorova, O. Savushkina, E. Tereshkina, E. Vorobyeva, I. Boksha","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-85-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-85-99","url":null,"abstract":" Background: heterogeneity of schizophrenia is reflected in the variety of clinical manifestations and biological disorders, on the basis of which several neurochemical hypotheses are formulated for schizophrenia pathogenesis. Review of the current hypotheses of schizophrenia pathogenesis shows that oxidative stress is not the main cause of the disease development, but affects its course and contributes to the deterioration of the patient’s condition. Objective: analysis of the relationships between redox imbalance and oxidative stress and the development of pathological processes in schizophrenia within the framework of neurochemical hypotheses of the disease pathogenesis. Material and methods: a search was made for sources in the Medline/PubMed databases, Scopus and RSCI using keyword combinations “oxidative stress”, “oxidation-reduction imbalance”, “schizophrenia”, “hypotheses of schizophrenia pathogenesis”, “antioxidants”, “neurotransmitters”, “glutathione”, “neuroinflammation”. Conclusion: data from numerous studies of the brain of patients with schizophrenia, their blood plasma, serum, and blood cells as well as the study of animal models of schizophrenia indicate the presence of redox imbalance and oxidative stress in this disease. Taken together, these data indicate that genetic and environmental factors that affect the manifestation of various pathological mechanisms in schizophrenia (disturbances in neurotransmitter systems, hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, neuroinflammation, impaired signaling protein phosphorylation pathways) lead to the oxidative stress, enhancing the initial pathological changes, as a result of which synchronization processes and intercellular communications in the brain become disrupted. Medicines with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, compounds for correcting mitochondrial dysfunction, and NMDAR-mediated signaling modulators can be used as drugs to reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress. The efficacy of these medicines may vary in different patients, so the development of biomarker systems aimed at identifying individuals who are more likely to respond to a particular drug is of great importance.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139536281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-50-57
A. Yakimets, S. V. Morozova, P. Stakanov, O. A. Sadkova, E. P. Polyakova
Background: tinnitus is the perception of acoustic, phantom sounds in the ear and/or head in the absence of an external source. The prevalence of tinnitus is 5–15 % in the population. The occurrence of subjective noise may have a number of possible causes, but the causal relationship between psychiatric disorders and tinnitus remains insufficiently proven, according to previous studies. The aim was to study an acoustic phenomenon of the “ear/head noise” type, comparable with tinnitus symptomatology, in the absence of otorhinolaryngological, neurological, somatic pathologies. Patients and methods: the sample consisted of 12 patients (11 men, 1 woman, mean age 38 ± 8.5 years) who underwent complex psychopathological, pathopsychological, psychometric, otorhinolaryngological, neurological, and instrumental examinations, statistical. The patients met the diagnostic criteria of subjective tinnitus according to ICD-10 classification (code H93.1). Results: the psychopathological qualification of tinnitus in our observations corresponds to psychosensory disorders of the synesthesia type. In the most cases, the ear noise occurred against the background of already long-standing neurotic or overvalued hypochondria. Depending on clinical picture of ear noise, and features of the course of hypochondriacal disorder, the acoustic phenomenon of the “ear / head noises” type was revealed within four nosologies: hypochondriacal schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, cluster B personality disorder with the phenomenon of hypochondriacal diathesis, paranoid personality disorder with the phenomenon of overvalued hypochondria. Conclusion: the results of the present study, in spite of a limited number of observations, allow us (as a working hypothesis) to propose the following statement: the acoustic phenomenon of the “ear / head noise” type can manifest in psychiatric disorders (psychopathological phenomena of the hypochondriacal circle) duplicating the symptoms of tinnitus at clinical level which, are formed within otolaryngological, neurologicl and somatic pathology. Taking into account these clinical data, hypochondriacal formations appearing in the considered casuistic of the present study, having no base of otorhinolaryngology-related pathology, or internal organ pathology, can be qualified in accordance with the criteria presented in publication A. B. Smulevich et al. (2023) as a part of somatic paranoia. Further comprehensive study of this phenomenon is necessary for more accurate verification of the clinical criteria for differential diagnosis, increasing the efficiency of identifying the pathology under discussion, and determining rational methods of complex treatment, including psychopharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic modalities.
背景：耳鸣是指在没有外部声源的情况下，耳朵和/或头部感觉到幻听。耳鸣在人群中的发病率为 5-15%。主观噪音的发生可能有多种原因，但根据以往的研究，精神障碍与耳鸣之间的因果关系仍未得到充分证实。 研究的目的是在没有耳鼻喉科、神经科和躯体疾病的情况下，研究一种与耳鸣症状相似的 "耳/头噪声 "类型的声学现象。 患者和方法：样本包括 12 名患者（11 名男性，1 名女性，平均年龄为 38 ± 8.5 岁），他们接受了复杂的心理病理学、病理心理学、心理测量学、耳鼻喉科、神经学和仪器检查和统计。根据 ICD-10 分类（代码 H93.1），患者符合主观性耳鸣的诊断标准。 结果：在我们的观察中，耳鸣的精神病理学定性与联觉类型的精神感觉障碍相对应。在大多数病例中，耳鸣发生的背景是长期存在的神经质或过高的疑病症。根据耳鸣的临床表现以及疑病症的病程特征，"耳鸣/头鸣 "类型的声学现象被归入以下四种病名：疑病症精神分裂症、精神分裂症、伴有疑病症现象的 B 群人格障碍、伴有疑病症现象的偏执型人格障碍。 结论：尽管观察次数有限，但本研究的结果允许我们（作为一个工作假设）提出以下声明："耳/头噪声 "类型的声学现象可以在精神疾病（疑病怪圈的精神病理学现象）中表现出来，在临床上与耳鸣症状重复，而耳鸣症状是在耳鼻喉科、神经科和躯体病理学中形成的。考虑到这些临床数据，根据 A. B. Smulevich 等人的著作（2023 年）中提出的标准，在本研究中出现的疑病症，如果没有耳鼻喉科相关病理或内脏器官病理的基础，则可被定性为躯体妄想症的一部分。有必要对这一现象进行进一步的全面研究，以便更准确地验证鉴别诊断的临床标准，提高识别所讨论病理的效率，并确定复杂治疗的合理方法，包括精神药物疗法和心理治疗模式。
{"title":"Tinnitus and Psychiatric Disorders (a Clinical Psychopathological Study of Patients without Otorhinolaryngological Pathology)","authors":"A. Yakimets, S. V. Morozova, P. Stakanov, O. A. Sadkova, E. P. Polyakova","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-50-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-50-57","url":null,"abstract":" Background: tinnitus is the perception of acoustic, phantom sounds in the ear and/or head in the absence of an external source. The prevalence of tinnitus is 5–15 % in the population. The occurrence of subjective noise may have a number of possible causes, but the causal relationship between psychiatric disorders and tinnitus remains insufficiently proven, according to previous studies. The aim was to study an acoustic phenomenon of the “ear/head noise” type, comparable with tinnitus symptomatology, in the absence of otorhinolaryngological, neurological, somatic pathologies. Patients and methods: the sample consisted of 12 patients (11 men, 1 woman, mean age 38 ± 8.5 years) who underwent complex psychopathological, pathopsychological, psychometric, otorhinolaryngological, neurological, and instrumental examinations, statistical. The patients met the diagnostic criteria of subjective tinnitus according to ICD-10 classification (code H93.1). Results: the psychopathological qualification of tinnitus in our observations corresponds to psychosensory disorders of the synesthesia type. In the most cases, the ear noise occurred against the background of already long-standing neurotic or overvalued hypochondria. Depending on clinical picture of ear noise, and features of the course of hypochondriacal disorder, the acoustic phenomenon of the “ear / head noises” type was revealed within four nosologies: hypochondriacal schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, cluster B personality disorder with the phenomenon of hypochondriacal diathesis, paranoid personality disorder with the phenomenon of overvalued hypochondria. Conclusion: the results of the present study, in spite of a limited number of observations, allow us (as a working hypothesis) to propose the following statement: the acoustic phenomenon of the “ear / head noise” type can manifest in psychiatric disorders (psychopathological phenomena of the hypochondriacal circle) duplicating the symptoms of tinnitus at clinical level which, are formed within otolaryngological, neurologicl and somatic pathology. Taking into account these clinical data, hypochondriacal formations appearing in the considered casuistic of the present study, having no base of otorhinolaryngology-related pathology, or internal organ pathology, can be qualified in accordance with the criteria presented in publication A. B. Smulevich et al. (2023) as a part of somatic paranoia. Further comprehensive study of this phenomenon is necessary for more accurate verification of the clinical criteria for differential diagnosis, increasing the efficiency of identifying the pathology under discussion, and determining rational methods of complex treatment, including psychopharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic modalities.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139536363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-58-74
V. A. Rozanov, T. Karavaeva, A. V. Vasil'eva, D. Radionov
Background: stress and trauma are important both for the development of PTSD and suicide, however, suicidal behavior in PTSD is not characterized enough. The aim of this narrative review is to present the latest and most evidence-based data on the relationship between suicidal behavior (in its wide range of manifestations — from suicidal thoughts and attempts to completedsuicide) with a psychiatric diagnosis of PTSD, or with individual symptoms of this disorder in different contingents. Materials and methods: data search was performed in PubMed and e-Library, as well as in relevant monographs, mostly evidence-based sources. Results: the data available strongly suggest that PTSD is not a priority, but a significant factor in an increased risk of suicide, especially in case of comorbidity with depression and addictions. The more a particular group is exposed to traumatic stress, the stronger the relationship between PTSD symptoms and suicidal behavior. The impact of PTSD on suicidality is largely mediated by the comorbidity and severity of psychosocial maladjustment that often accompanies PTSD. Dependence on a traumatic event and stress vulnerability are common links in the pathogenesis of PTSD, depression, and suicide. Conclusion: in clinical practice, the presence of a diagnosis or selected symptoms of PTSD is the reason for closer attention to the suicidal tendencies of the patient and the use of targeted prevention measures. On the population level, it is necessary to pay more attention to general hardiness and stress resilience.
{"title":"Suicidal Behavior in the Context of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder — Psychiatric and Psychosocial Aspects","authors":"V. A. Rozanov, T. Karavaeva, A. V. Vasil'eva, D. Radionov","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-58-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-58-74","url":null,"abstract":" Background: stress and trauma are important both for the development of PTSD and suicide, however, suicidal behavior in PTSD is not characterized enough. The aim of this narrative review is to present the latest and most evidence-based data on the relationship between suicidal behavior (in its wide range of manifestations — from suicidal thoughts and attempts to completedsuicide) with a psychiatric diagnosis of PTSD, or with individual symptoms of this disorder in different contingents. Materials and methods: data search was performed in PubMed and e-Library, as well as in relevant monographs, mostly evidence-based sources. Results: the data available strongly suggest that PTSD is not a priority, but a significant factor in an increased risk of suicide, especially in case of comorbidity with depression and addictions. The more a particular group is exposed to traumatic stress, the stronger the relationship between PTSD symptoms and suicidal behavior. The impact of PTSD on suicidality is largely mediated by the comorbidity and severity of psychosocial maladjustment that often accompanies PTSD. Dependence on a traumatic event and stress vulnerability are common links in the pathogenesis of PTSD, depression, and suicide. Conclusion: in clinical practice, the presence of a diagnosis or selected symptoms of PTSD is the reason for closer attention to the suicidal tendencies of the patient and the use of targeted prevention measures. On the population level, it is necessary to pay more attention to general hardiness and stress resilience.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139536544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-75-84
A. S. Zinkevich, M. A. Оmelchenkо
Backgrоund: impulsivity, as оne оf the key prоblems оf yоuth psychiatry, is becоming mоre and mоre widespread, which is assоciated with the steadily increasing cоntributiоn оf pathоlоgy оf this circle tо the structure оf mental disоrders. Оbjective: analysis of publications on the place of impulsivity in the structure of mental disorders, its clinical manifestations, connection with psychopathological formations, prognostic significance in relation to the further course and outcomes of mental disordres. Material and methоds: accоrding tо the keywоrds: “impulsivity”, “aggressiоn”, “adоlescence”, “depressive disоrder”, “schizоphrenic spectrum disоrders”, a search was cоnducted fоr publicatiоns in Medline/PubMed, Scоpus, Web оf Science, RSCI and оther sоurces. Cоnclusiоn: impulsivity is a multidimensiоnal phenоmenоn that has nо nоsоlоgical specificity, hоwever, it has a high pоtential hоpathоlоgical symptоms. Impulsivity is clearly cоrrelated with a mоre severe clinical cоurse оf mental disоrders and with unfavоrable оutcоmes. The lack оf veriашed data оn the pathоgenesis оf impulsivity, its cоnnectiоn with оther syndrоmic fоrmatiоns: affective, pоsitive, negative, disоrganizatiоn, determines the need fоr additiоnal study оf the phenоmenоn оf impulsivity, as well as its cоnnectiоn with aggressiоn.
{"title":"Impulsivity: Features of Fоrmatiоn and Infl uence on Mental Pathоlоgy","authors":"A. S. Zinkevich, M. A. Оmelchenkо","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-75-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-75-84","url":null,"abstract":" Backgrоund: impulsivity, as оne оf the key prоblems оf yоuth psychiatry, is becоming mоre and mоre widespread, which is assоciated with the steadily increasing cоntributiоn оf pathоlоgy оf this circle tо the structure оf mental disоrders. Оbjective: analysis of publications on the place of impulsivity in the structure of mental disorders, its clinical manifestations, connection with psychopathological formations, prognostic significance in relation to the further course and outcomes of mental disordres. Material and methоds: accоrding tо the keywоrds: “impulsivity”, “aggressiоn”, “adоlescence”, “depressive disоrder”, “schizоphrenic spectrum disоrders”, a search was cоnducted fоr publicatiоns in Medline/PubMed, Scоpus, Web оf Science, RSCI and оther sоurces. Cоnclusiоn: impulsivity is a multidimensiоnal phenоmenоn that has nо nоsоlоgical specificity, hоwever, it has a high pоtential hоpathоlоgical symptоms. Impulsivity is clearly cоrrelated with a mоre severe clinical cоurse оf mental disоrders and with unfavоrable оutcоmes. The lack оf veriашed data оn the pathоgenesis оf impulsivity, its cоnnectiоn with оther syndrоmic fоrmatiоns: affective, pоsitive, negative, disоrganizatiоn, determines the need fоr additiоnal study оf the phenоmenоn оf impulsivity, as well as its cоnnectiоn with aggressiоn.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139536545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-31-41
V. Pochueva, I. V. Kolykhalov
Background: schizophrenia-like psychosis with very late onset is one of the most common diagnostic group in late age mental disorders exclude dementia and depression with psychotic symptoms [1]. Geriatric psychiatrists discuss its similarity to neurodegenerative diseases and risk of dementia development in the outcome of disease. The aim was to study the clinical and psychopathological features of very late manifesting schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses and their impact on the course of the disease. Patients and methods: 45 patients were observed, the mean age was 70.6 ± 8.70 years. Patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, chronic delusional disorder and schizophrenia-like disorder, with onset after 60 years. Psychopathological and psychometric (PANSS, CDSS, HAMD, MoCA, MMSE) methods were used. Assessment was performed at the 0 day and at the 28th day from the beginning of the treatment. Results: heterogeneity and different short-terms outcomes of acute psychosis were described depending on the clinical characteristics and predominant syndrome complex. In 15 cases (33 %) prevailed severe polymorphic psychotic symptoms of mental disorganization with formation of negative symptoms and cognitive impairment with decreasing social and daily activity. In 22 cases (49 %) dominated paranoid symptoms with old age persecutory delusions with formation of residual positive and negative symptoms. In 8 cases (18 %) prevailed affective and delusional symptoms. This group was characterized with high level of reduction of productive symptoms and restoration of premorbid social and daily activity. Conclusions: features of clinical characteristics, including the nature and severity of cognitive impairment at the onset of disease, are significant for prognosis and outcomes of disease. The data obtained could be served for the development of personalized therapeutic approaches that take into account the syndromic features and course of late-onset psychosis.
{"title":"Clinical and Psychopathological Features of Late-Onset Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis","authors":"V. Pochueva, I. V. Kolykhalov","doi":"10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-31-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-6-31-41","url":null,"abstract":" Background: schizophrenia-like psychosis with very late onset is one of the most common diagnostic group in late age mental disorders exclude dementia and depression with psychotic symptoms [1]. Geriatric psychiatrists discuss its similarity to neurodegenerative diseases and risk of dementia development in the outcome of disease. The aim was to study the clinical and psychopathological features of very late manifesting schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses and their impact on the course of the disease. Patients and methods: 45 patients were observed, the mean age was 70.6 ± 8.70 years. Patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, chronic delusional disorder and schizophrenia-like disorder, with onset after 60 years. Psychopathological and psychometric (PANSS, CDSS, HAMD, MoCA, MMSE) methods were used. Assessment was performed at the 0 day and at the 28th day from the beginning of the treatment. Results: heterogeneity and different short-terms outcomes of acute psychosis were described depending on the clinical characteristics and predominant syndrome complex. In 15 cases (33 %) prevailed severe polymorphic psychotic symptoms of mental disorganization with formation of negative symptoms and cognitive impairment with decreasing social and daily activity. In 22 cases (49 %) dominated paranoid symptoms with old age persecutory delusions with formation of residual positive and negative symptoms. In 8 cases (18 %) prevailed affective and delusional symptoms. This group was characterized with high level of reduction of productive symptoms and restoration of premorbid social and daily activity. Conclusions: features of clinical characteristics, including the nature and severity of cognitive impairment at the onset of disease, are significant for prognosis and outcomes of disease. The data obtained could be served for the development of personalized therapeutic approaches that take into account the syndromic features and course of late-onset psychosis.","PeriodicalId":516298,"journal":{"name":"Psikhiatriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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