Psychosocial Intervention最新文献

Objective: This study compared the long-term effects of a mindful compassion program on improving depression in lung cancer patients, both in patient-caregiver dyads and in patient-only groups, and examined the moderating roles of anxiety and quality of life (QOL). Method: Participants consisted of 56 dyads, who were randomly assigned to either the dyadic or patient-only groups. Data collection included various assessments at different time points: baseline (T0), end of intervention (T1), and follow-up at the 5th month (T2), 8th month (T3), and 14th month (T4). Results: Patients in the dyadic group experienced a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. The dyadic intervention was particularly beneficial for younger patients and those with higher baseline QOL symptom distress. Improvements in patients' mindfulness and self-compassion contributed to reduced depression by enhancing general health and lowering anxiety. Additionally, caregivers' self-compassion played a role in reducing patients' depression by improving patients' QOL functioning and decreasing anxiety. Conclusions: Mindfulness and compassion interventions, whether provided dyadically or individually, can be tailored to each patient's specific condition.

Objective: This paper addresses a critical gap in family research by examining the risk of families with young children receiving the Minimum Living Income (MLI) in rejecting targeted social interventions, also known as non-take-up (NTU). Method: We analyze recruting process data from the first invitation to participate in a social benefit including the "Growing Happily in the Family-2" program developed in Madrid, Spain, to their written consent prior to its implementation. Measurements of subjective factors reported as reasons for NTU and objective factors of sociodemographic characteristics and detailed household patterns of prior engagement with social services to study NTU response were based on official records and project data. Results: Descriptive findings reveal that jobless parents with high economic hardship, poorer physical and mental health, heavy demanding childbearing, and poor family-job conciliation aggravated by adverse life events profile the NTU response. Linear probability models predicting the rejection/acceptance decision showed that lack of previous contact with the social services, younger parental age, male, and nonimmigrant status significantly elevate NTU risk. Notably, although a longer stay in social services increases the probability of NTU, this does not occur among the most vulnerable families that have received more intensive support, challenging the idea of intervention fatigue. Conclusions: These findings have implications for the design of policies and practices to support children and family as subjects of rights, underlining the need for preventive and capacity-building strategies that address specific barriers to program uptake. Overall, the study highlights innovation areas that lie in the interception of social and employment benefits to improve the reach of the intended population and the positive impact of parenting interventions aimed at supporting vulnerable families.

Objective: The aims of this research work were twofold: (1) to validate the factor structure of the Spanish version of the Emotionality, Activity and Sociability Temperament Survey (EAS) and (2) to analyse the relationship between child temperament, and parental stress and rewards, testing the possible moderating roles of gender and social support. Method: The reference population was a group of mothers and fathers with children in early childhood education (aged 0-5). For the first study, we used a sample of 701 subjects (70.20% mothers, M _age = 36.83), while for the second study, 422 individuals were selected (58.9% mothers, M _age = 37.08). We conducted exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and moderation analyses. Results: The EFA showed a three-factor structure composed of 12 items, and the CFA verified that the three-factor model (sociability, emotionality, and activity) was the most parsimonious and provided the best fit. The results reveal the moderating effect of social support and gender in the relationship between childhood emotionality and parental rewards. One the one hand, with mothers in particular, the parental rewards are especially affected by childhood emotionality when levels of social support are low to moderate. On the other hand, paternal rewards seem to depend to a greater extent on childhood emotionality when there is a high level of support from a significant other. Conclusions: Finally, we discuss the protective role played by social support and the possible risk factor of childhood emotionality in parents' appraisal of the parenting task, depending on the gender of the parents.

Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been recognized as a window of opportunity for therapeutic and preventive measures to slow cognitive decline. The current study investigated the efficacy of the virtual reality (VR) cognitive-based intervention on verbal and visuospatial short-term memory (STM), executive functions (EFs), and wellbeing among older adults with and without MCI. Method: The immersive VR cognitive-based intervention comprised eight 60-minute sessions, held twice a week over a span of 30 days. The participants consisted of 31 non-MCI older adults in the experimental group (mean age ± SD = 66.31 ± 3.12 years), 29 older adults with MCI in the experimental group (mean age ± SD = 68.19 ± 5.03 years), and 30 non-MCI older adults in the control group (mean age ± SD = 64.97 ± 3.35 years). The dependent variables were assessed by using a battery of computerized test, the well-being of older people questionnaire and resting-state EEG. A repeated-measures ANCOVA was employed to examine the effects of the developed VR intervention. Results: Significant improvements were observed in both STMs and EFs following the intervention, as indicated by behavioral and EEG findings, ranging from small to large effect sizes (i.e., = .05-.17). However, enhanced wellbeing was specifically observed among older adults with MCI in the experimental group, F(2, 87) = 6.78, p .01, = .11. Conclusions: The present findings lend support to the efficacy of VR cognitive-based interventions across clinical and non-clinical populations. These results underscore the immediate impact of the intervention across multimodal assessments, including neurophysiological changes, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes.

Objective: Exposing women to intimate partner violence (IPV) poses a risk to their physical and mental health, necessitating that they leave the relationship. However, women face various obstacles in doing so, such as cognitive distortions that affect their interpretation of the reality of violence, trapping them and significantly influencing their decision to leave. This scoping review explores, synthesizes, and analyzes the available evidence on the relationship between cognitive distortions and decision-making among women involved in IPV. Method: A systematic search was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, utilizing the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases. A total of 12 studies (five qualitative, four quantitative, and three mixed methodology) were included according to the inclusion criteria. Results: Self-blame, low attribution of responsibility to the aggressor, minimization of violence or damage, normalization of IPV, denial/loss of self, denial injury, control perceived, hope of change, savior beliefs, "should" belief in the relationship, focus on positive aspects of the relationship or aggressor, and denial other emotional options besides the partner were the main cognitive distortions found in women victims of IPV and related to maintaining IPV. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of recognizing and addressing cognitive distortions in women, which is crucial in preventing them from becoming trapped in violent relationships. Future research should continue to investigate the role of cognitive distortions in women's decision-making regarding IPV, as well as the consequences of leaving the aggressor for them.

Objective: Serious mental illness (SMI) remains a leading cause of disability worldwide. However, there is limited Australian evidence of community-based programs to enhance the psychosocial wellbeing of adults experiencing SMI. Foundations is a long-term community-based psychosocial outreach support program delivered in Tasmania, Australia. A longitudinal non-randomised controlled trial was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the Foundations program on adults' psychosocial functioning, clinical symptomology, and hospital readmissions, in comparison to standard care only. Method: Participants were adults aged 18-64 years experiencing SMI. Control participants received standard clinical care only. Intervention participants were engaged in the Foundations program in addition to standard care. Data were collected at program commencement, midpoint, closure, and six-months post-closure. Linear mixed modelling was used to examine differences between groups. Results: Intervention participants achieved better psychosocial functioning in comparison to the control group by program closure and at six-month follow-up. No significant differences were observed for clinical mental health symptomology or hospital readmission rates. Length of readmission stay was significantly shorter for intervention participants. Conclusions: The findings highlight the additional value of community-based, recovery-oriented, psychosocial outreach support alongside clinical mental health care to enhance the psychosocial wellbeing of adults experiencing SMI.

Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators with alcohol and/or other drug use problems (ADUPs) have been identified as one of the main high-risk and highly resistant groups of perpetrators requiring special attention in intervention programs for IPV perpetrators. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to evaluate whether an individualized motivational plan adjusted to ADUPs (IMP-ADUPs) was superior to standard motivational strategies (IMP) in reducing ADUPs, and IPV and increasing treatment adherence in IPV perpetrators. Method: Data from a full sample of IPV perpetrators (n = 140) and a subsample of participants with ADUPs (n = 55) were collected at pre- and post-intervention and 12-month follow-up. Final outcomes included alcohol, cocaine, and cannabis use, self-reported IPV, risk of recidivism assessed by facilitators, and official IPV recidivism. Proximal outcomes included treatment adherence (stage of change, intervention dose, active participation, and dropout). Results: Both intent-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses were conducted. The IMP-ADUPs condition was superior to the IMP in reducing alcohol use at post-intervention in both the full sample and ADUPs subsample. The full sample of participants in the IMP-ADUPs condition were in a more advanced stage of change post-intervention and showed increased active participation during the intervention process than IMP participants. All participants were in a more advanced stage of change at post-intervention and reduced their alcohol use and their risk of recidivism at post-intervention and 12-month follow-up. Conclusions: These results underscore the need to develop individualized treatment approaches to address participants' risks and needs and promote their motivation to change.

Aim: To study the longitudinal relationship between loneliness and quality of life (QoL) in adults to identify key mechanisms to better design future psychosocial interventions. Method: 13,222 participants from three consecutive waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), aged 65 or older, 56.3% women. They were analyzed using cross-lagged panel model (CLPM), random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), and multi-group models disaggregated by gender. Results: The RI-CLPM provided a better fit than the CLPM. Both models showed the stability of QoL and loneliness. All autoregressive paths were significant, and a negative association between concurrent QoL and loneliness was observed across all waves. The CLPM supported a reciprocal relationship, while the RI-CLPM only confirmed the effects of loneliness on QoL. Women reported higher levels of loneliness and poorer QoL, but no gender differences were identified in the longitudinal association. Conclusions: Addressing loneliness in early stages could be a better preventive measure to promote quality of life in both genders.

Objective: This intervention study seeks to assess the impact of a care competencies training program on students' well-being. Method: This randomized controlled trial involved 191 Vietnamese adolescents (65.4% female, Mage = 16 years and 8 months) in a 7-week intervention study that used video vignettes to build their care competencies. Validated scales were used to determine their care competencies (Care Competencies Questionnaire for Adolescents) and well-being (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale) at three points in time: before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. The full-information maximum likelihood approach was applied to latent growth curve modeling (LGM) in Mplus 8.5 to estimate the initial level (i.e., intercept) and the change (i.e., slope) in care competencies and well-being among adolescents over time. Factor scores of LGMs were saved for correlation and multiple linear regression analysis by using SPSS (version 26.0) to explore the relationships between the changes in care competencies/failures and the changes in well-being. Results: Results showed that, next to a significant increase in care competencies and a significant decrease in care failures, other well-being variables also significantly changed in the intervention group. In the intervention group, but not in the control group, changes in care competencies and failures consistently and significantly predicted changes in well-being. Conclusion: The results support the potential of the video vignette-based intervention to promote the development of adolescents' care competencies.

Objective: Covitality is a meta-construct of positive intra/interpersonal self-schemas that organize and process life experiences. Its synergy favors psychosocial adjustment and prevents mental health problems during adolescence. At these ages, suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine which psychosocial strengths of the covitality model could combat adolescent suicide spectrum. Method: Participants were 5,528 Spanish adolescents aged 12-18 years, 50.74% females. The assessment protocol was completed in schools, under the supervision of the research staff. Statistical analyses were conducted using hurdle models, i.e., modeling zero-inflated count data. This process provided two sets of outcomes: the association - in probabilistic terms - between psychosocial strengths and the absence of suicide indicators (i.e., non-occurrence) and the association of these assets - via regression coefficients - with increased experimentation (i.e., duration/quantity). Results: All psychosocial strengths of the covitality model were related to the non-ocurrence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, but not all to a shorter duration/quantity of their phenotypic manifestations. Covitality obtained greater association values on suicidal tendencies than its components analyzed independently. Belief in self and engaged living were the second-order factors with the higher estimating capacity. Specifically, emotional self-awareness, enthusiasm, gratitude, family support, and behavioral self-control were key first-order assets. Conclusions: These findings suggest that training adolescents in covitality assets could be an effective strategy for universal prevention against premature suicide. Moreover, this study provide evidence on which psychosocial strengths could counteract each phenotypic manifestation of suicide in order to customize selective and indicated preventive actions.