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Effects of a Brief Preventive Intervention in Cyberbullying and Grooming in Adolescents 短期预防干预对青少年网络欺凌和梳理的影响
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.5093/pi2020a22
E. Calvete, Nerea Cortázar, L. Fernández-González, A. Echezarraga, Marta Beranuy, A. León, J. González-Cabrera, I. Orue
The development of brief and inexpensive interventions that reduce risky behaviors in adolescence constitute a challenge for current research. This study addresses the prevention of two online behavior problems in adolescents (cyberbullying and online grooming). Two pilot studies evaluated the effects of a 1-hour intervention, which combined self-affirmation (SA) with the incremental theory of personality (ITP), for cyberbullying and online grooming. Study 1 involved 339 adolescents (51p male, mean age = 14.12 years, SD = 0.70), who were randomly assigned to the SA + ITP intervention or one of two control conditions. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the SA + ITP intervention reduced the reciprocity between sexual solicitation and sexualized interaction with adults, as well as between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Study 2 included 214 adolescents (50.3p male, mean age = 14.06 years, SD = 0.96), who were randomly assigned to the SA + ITP or a control condition. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that the SA + ITP reduced the reciprocity between sexual solicitation and sexualized interaction with adults, and reduced cyberbullying perpetration. The studies provided preliminary evidence of the benefits of the SA + ITP intervention.
开发简短而廉价的干预措施来减少青春期的危险行为,对当前的研究构成了挑战。这项研究解决了青少年两种网络行为问题(网络欺凌和网络美容)的预防问题。两项试点研究评估了1小时干预对网络欺凌和网络美容的影响,该干预将自我肯定(SA)与渐进人格理论(ITP)相结合。研究1涉及339名青少年(51p男性,平均年龄=114.12岁,SD=0.70),他们被随机分配到SA+TITP干预或两种对照条件之一。分层回归分析表明,SA+TPT干预降低了性引诱和与成年人的性互动之间以及网络欺凌受害和实施之间的互惠性。研究2包括214名青少年(50.3p男性,平均年龄=14.06岁,SD=0.96),他们被随机分配到SA+TPT或对照组。分层线性建模分析表明,SA+TPT降低了性引诱和与成年人的性互动之间的互惠性,并减少了网络欺凌的实施。这些研究为SA+TITP干预的益处提供了初步证据。
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引用次数: 13
Assessment of a Multidimensional School Collective Efficacy Scale to Prevent Student Bullying: Examining Dimensionality and Measurement Invariance 防止学生霸凌的多维学校集体效能量表评估:检视维度与测量不变性
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-03-18 DOI: 10.5093/PI2021A2
José N. Peraza-Balderrama, A. Valdés-Cuervo, Belén Martínez-Ferrer, A. C. Reyes-Rodríguez, L. Parra-Pérez
The construct of a school collective efficacy to prevent bullying has attracted attention as a way to increase a positive, school-wide climate. The current study tested the fit of several first-order models of school collective efficacy to prevent (uni-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional) bullying using a sample of 579 male (Mage = 14.31, SD = 1.78 years old) and 589 female (Mage = 14.56, SD = 1.83 years old) Mexican adolescents. The models were validated by the extent to which the model was invariant by gender and by educational level (secondary vs. high school). Moreover, the discriminant and concurrent validity of model dimensions were examined through their relationships with other constructs. The results suggest that school collective efficacy is a three-dimensional construct, with supporting evidence for cohesion, students’ social control, and teachers’ social control dimensions. Measurement invariance was found in this three-dimensional measurement model by gender and educational level. The latent means difference analysis showed some differences by gender and educational level on factors of school collective efficacy. Finally, results support our hypotheses related to discriminant and concurrent validity in relation to external variables. Overall, findings indicate this three-dimensional model is useful to measure adolescents’ perceptions of school collective efficacy.
学校集体效能的构建,以防止欺凌已经引起了人们的注意,作为一种方式来增加积极的,全校范围内的气氛。本研究以579名墨西哥青少年为研究对象(年龄分别为14.31岁、1.78岁和14.56岁)和589名女性青少年(年龄分别为1.83岁),对学校集体效能预防(一维、二维和三维)一阶模型的拟合性进行了检验。这些模型通过模型在多大程度上不受性别和教育水平(中学与高中)的影响而得到验证。此外,通过模型维度与其他构念的关系,检验了模型维度的判别效度和并发效度。结果表明,学校集体效能是一个三维结构,具有凝聚力、学生社会控制和教师社会控制三个维度的支持证据。该三维测量模型在性别和教育程度上存在测量不变性。潜均值差异分析显示,性别、文化程度对学校集体效能的影响存在一定差异。最后,结果支持我们的假设有关区分效度和并发效度与外部变量的关系。总体而言,研究结果表明,该三维模型有助于测量青少年对学校集体效能的感知。
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引用次数: 5
Sex Differences in Adolescent Bullying Behaviours 青少年欺凌行为的性别差异
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2021-02-11 DOI: 10.5093/PI2021A1
Sandra Feijóo, James O’Higgins‐Norman, Mairéad Foody, Rafael Pichel, Teresa Braña, Jesús A. Varela, Antonio Rial
In recent decades there has been a progressive increase in concern and research into the problems of peer aggression, both in the educational setting and more recently, online. The present study sought to explore sex differences in traditional bullying and cyberbullying, since current literature has not reached a consensus in how bullying involvement could be moderated by sex. The sample consisted of 3,174 adolescents aged 12-17 years old who completed a paper survey which included the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire. The main results found no differences in cyberbullying rates for boys and girls. In the case of bullying, there were more bully-victims among the boys, but no differences were found in the pure victims or pure perpetrators. When analysing the specific bullying behaviours suffered or perpetrated, several differences were found. However, said differences were discrete and it seems that there are not distinctly differentiated bullying patterns, which discourages the use of clearly differentiated preventive strategies for boys and girls.
近几十年来,无论是在教育环境中,还是最近在网上,对同伴攻击问题的关注和研究都在逐渐增加。本研究试图探索传统欺凌和网络欺凌中的性别差异,因为目前的文献尚未就性别如何调节欺凌行为达成共识。样本包括3174名12-17岁的青少年,他们完成了一项论文调查,其中包括欧洲欺凌干预项目问卷和欧洲网络欺凌干预项目调查问卷。主要结果发现,男孩和女孩的网络欺凌率没有差异。在欺凌案件中,男孩中的欺凌受害者更多,但在纯粹的受害者和纯粹的施暴者中没有发现差异。在分析遭受或实施的具体欺凌行为时,发现了一些差异。然而,上述差异是离散的,似乎没有明显区别的欺凌模式,这阻碍了对男孩和女孩使用明显区别的预防策略。
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引用次数: 24
Measuring parent positive support of social communication among toddlers with autism: a systematic review 测量自闭症幼儿父母对社会沟通的积极支持:一项系统综述
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.5093/pi2020a20
Danielle M. Moore, Kathleen M Baggett, Brian Barger
There are no systematic reviews of the use of parent-child interaction measures employed within studies examining the effects of parent-mediated intervention on toddlers with autism. Best practices recommend using parent-child interaction measures to assess whether interventions aimed at strengthening parent-child interactions are functioning as intended. A systematic review of parent-mediated early intervention studies of toddlers with autism was conducted. The purpose was to examine the use of parent-child interaction measures to assess parent positive support of toddler social communication and report feasibility characteristics for early interventionist practitioners. Experimental parent-mediated intervention studies of social communication among children with autism younger than 36 months were identified. Measurement approaches to parent support of social communication were quantified. Of 25 studies, only 7 studies reported parent and child outcomes using an instrument designed to measure the construct of parent support of child social communication during observed parent-child interaction. Measures reported are of limited relevance for early intervention practitioners due to administration burden and lack of feasibility for repeated measurement of progress toward increasing parent support of toddler social communication. This study highlights the need for feasible practitioner tools for monitoring progress of parent support of social communication for toddlers with autism.
在研究父母介导的干预对自闭症幼儿的影响的研究中,没有对亲子互动措施的使用进行系统的审查。最佳做法建议使用亲子互动措施来评估旨在加强亲子互动的干预措施是否按预期发挥作用。对父母介导的自闭症幼儿早期干预研究进行了系统综述。目的是研究亲子互动措施的使用,以评估父母对幼儿社会沟通的积极支持,并报告早期干预从业者的可行性特征。对36个月以下自闭症儿童的社会沟通进行了父母介导的实验性干预研究。对父母社会沟通支持的测量方法进行了量化。在25项研究中,只有7项研究报告了父母和儿童的结果,该工具旨在测量观察到的亲子互动过程中父母对儿童社会沟通的支持结构。报告的措施对早期干预从业者的相关性有限,因为管理负担和重复测量增加父母对幼儿社交支持的进展缺乏可行性。这项研究强调,需要可行的从业者工具来监测自闭症幼儿父母对社会沟通的支持进展。
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引用次数: 5
Influencers and connectors in community prevention of drug abuse: balance between multi-site consistency and local community fit in program implementation 社区预防药物滥用中的影响者和联系者:方案执行中多地点一致性和当地社区契合度之间的平衡
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.5093/pi2020a9
I. Maya-Jariego, D. Holgado
The simultaneous implementation of a program in multiple sites poses a challenge for the adequate coordination and internal consistency of an intervention. The operation of the network of program facilitators can be critical for effectiveness and community adjustment of such interventions. In this paper, we conducted a case study of a community prevention program for drug addiction applied in a large group of cities in Andalusia, in southern Spain. The aim was to explore how integrated planning and local adaptation are combined in community prevention, through the collaboration network between program facilitators. For this aim, we analyze and describe two types of relevant roles of local facilitators: those that have a central coordinating role, versus peripheral “connectors”, which have a bridge role between different geographical areas. The network of the “Cities against Drugs” program in the province of Seville (n = 45) showed a core-periphery structure, with coordination patterns clearly influenced by the geographical location of facilitators. The capital and its metropolitan area not only have greater geographic centrality but also a central role in the social network. On the other hand, the role of “connectors” seems to be functional to avoid the fragmentation of the remotest regional nuclei. Finally, we discuss the tension between central coordination of the program and the adaptation to peculiarities of each local context.
在多个地点同时实施一个项目对干预的充分协调和内部一致性提出了挑战。项目促进者网络的运作对于此类干预措施的有效性和社区调整至关重要。在本文中,我们对西班牙南部安达卢西亚的一大批城市实施的社区吸毒预防计划进行了案例研究。其目的是探索如何通过项目促进者之间的合作网络,将综合规划和地方适应结合到社区预防中。为此,我们分析和描述了当地促进者的两种相关角色:具有中心协调作用的角色,以及在不同地理区域之间具有桥梁作用的外围“连接器”。塞维利亚省的"禁毒城市"方案网络(n = 45)呈现出核心-外围结构,协调模式明显受到促进者地理位置的影响。首都及其大都市区不仅具有更大的地理中心性,而且在社会网络中也具有中心作用。另一方面,“连接器”的作用似乎是功能性的,以避免最遥远的区域核的分裂。最后,我们讨论了项目的中心协调与适应每个地方文脉的特殊性之间的紧张关系。
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引用次数: 0
Intimate partner homicide risk assessment by police in Spain: the dual protocol VPR5.0-H 西班牙警方对亲密伴侣杀人风险的评估:双重协议VPR5.0-H
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.5093/pi2020a16
J. J. López-Ossorio, J. L. González-Álvarez, Ismael Loinaz, A. Martínez-Martínez, David Pineda
Spanish police makes an extensive use of intimate partner violence (IPV) risk assessment on a daily basis. Improved prediction procedures have encouraged the search for greater refinement of IPV predictors by adjusting to specific targets, such as lethal outcomes or potential victimization of children. This paper describes the evolution of the VPR5.0 tool (VioGen System Police Risk Assessment) as an algorithm aimed at improving predictability of intimate partner homicides (IPH). A sample of 2,159 records was used, 159 of whom were IPH victims. The sample was divided into two comparable groups of cases (IPH) and controls (N-IPH) to validate the results. The results showed that 13 out of 35 risk factors were significantly related to IPH with an effect size different to that of general N-IPH (with OR values ranging between 1.507 and 8.087). Binary logistic regression showed six significant factors that correctly classified 86.3% of the IPH. The new H-Scale performance parameters were comparable to those obtained in studies with the same objective (sensitivity 84%, specificity 60%, OR = 8.130, AUC = .80, PPV = .19 and NPV = .97).
西班牙警方每天都广泛使用亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)风险评估。预测程序的改进鼓励了通过调整特定目标,如致命结果或儿童的潜在受害,来进一步完善IPV预测因素。本文描述了VPR5.0工具(VioGen系统警察风险评估)的演变,该工具是一种旨在提高亲密伴侣凶杀案(IPH)可预测性的算法。使用了2159份记录样本,其中159份是IPH受害者。将样本分为两组可比较的病例(IPH)和对照组(N-IPH),以验证结果。结果表明,35个危险因素中有13个与IPH显著相关,其影响大小不同于一般的N-IPH(OR值在1.507至8.087之间)。二元逻辑回归显示,6个显著因素正确分类了86.3%的IPH。新的H量表性能参数与具有相同目标的研究中获得的参数相当(敏感性84%,特异性60%,OR=8.130,AUC=0.80,PPV=0.19和NPV=0.97)。
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引用次数: 3
Feasibility and effectiveness of `gaining Health & wellbeing from birth to three´ positive parenting programme “从出生到三岁获得健康和福祉”积极育儿计划的可行性和有效性
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.5093/pi2020a15
Enrique Callejas, S. Byrne, M. Rodrigo
Parental promotion of an adequate environment during early childhood results in healthy child development. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of the positive parenting programme, ‘Gaining health and wellbeing from birth to three’ (GH&W), as a universal prevention strategy. Participants were 87 parents with children 36 months old attending 20 primary care centres. Centres were randomly assigned to three GH&W intervention levels: online course (level 1), online course plus group workshops (level 2), and online course plus group workshops plus individual support at medical check-ups (level 3), delivered by healthcare professionals. As for feasibility, participants in levels 2 and 3 reported higher utility and satisfaction with the online course than participants in level 1. Pretest-posttest comparisons and cluster analysis showed that participants in level 3 achieved the best results and were associated with a consolidated cluster characterised by improvements in health promotion activities, parental self-regulation, and satisfaction with the service, whereas participants in levels 1 and 2 showed fewer improvements and were associated with initial and transitional clusters. The GH&W programme improves the universal reach of web-based courses and efficiently activates the contribution of the primary care system to the support network for healthy child development and wellbeing.
父母在儿童早期提倡适当的环境,有助于儿童健康发展。这项研究评估了积极育儿计划“从出生到三岁获得健康和幸福”(GH/W)作为一种普遍预防策略的可行性和有效性。参与者是87名有36个月大孩子的父母,他们就读于20个初级保健中心。中心被随机分配到三个GH/W干预级别:在线课程(1级)、在线课程加小组研讨会(2级)和在线课程加团体研讨会加医疗检查个人支持(3级),由医疗保健专业人员提供。至于可行性,2级和3级的参与者报告说,与1级的参与者相比,他们对在线课程的效用和满意度更高。测试前测试后比较和聚类分析表明,3级参与者取得了最好的成绩,并与一个以健康促进活动、父母自我调节和对服务满意度的改善为特征的综合聚类相关联,而1级和2级的参与者表现出较少的改善,并且与初始和过渡集群相关。GH/W计划提高了网络课程的普及率,并有效地激活了初级保健系统对儿童健康发展和福祉支持网络的贡献。
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引用次数: 7
Foreign aid, grassroots activism, and the strength of applied community studies in aid-receiving countries: the case of community psychology 外国援助、基层行动主义和受援国应用社区研究的力量:以社区心理学为例
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.5093/pi2020a6
Dominique A. Lyew, Douglas D. Perkins, Jung-In E. Sohn
What influences the strength of community psychology as an academic and professional field in countries receiving foreign aidq What impact does aid itself haveq While capacity development is a major focus for donor countries and other international development agencies, there has been no empirical study of the relationship of aid to the strength of applied social research training in recipient countries. We coded the strength of community psychology in 67 aid-receiving nations and analyzed the factors predicting it, including nonviolent activism and development aid. As hypothesized according to dependency theory, aid is negatively correlated to the strength of community psychology in each country, and significantly explains the variance of the strength of the discipline over and above the influence of GDP per capita, income inequality, educational infrastructure, civil liberties, and nonviolent activism. We also find that the less aid received, the more strongly nonviolent activism predicts the strength of community psychology. Based on the case study literature, our findings support the observation that aid is managed in ways that exclude locally trained researchers and practitioners. We hypothesize how this might occur and offer suggestions for further qualitative research.
是什么影响了接受外国援助的国家社区心理学作为一个学术和专业领域的实力?援助本身有什么影响?虽然能力发展是捐助国和其他国际发展机构的主要关注点,目前还没有关于援助与受援国应用社会研究培训强度之间关系的实证研究。我们对67个接受援助的国家的社区心理强度进行了编码,并分析了预测它的因素,包括非暴力行动主义和发展援助。根据依赖理论的假设,援助与每个国家的社区心理强度呈负相关,并显著解释了学科强度在人均GDP、收入不平等、教育基础设施、公民自由和非暴力激进主义影响之外的差异。我们还发现,获得的援助越少,非暴力激进主义就越能有力地预测社区心理的力量。根据案例研究文献,我们的研究结果支持了这样一种观察,即援助的管理方式排除了当地培训的研究人员和从业者。我们假设了这种情况是如何发生的,并为进一步的定性研究提供了建议。
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引用次数: 5
Moral Disengagement Strategies in Online and Offline Bullying 线上线下欺凌中的道德脱离策略
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.5093/pi2020a21
E. Romera, Rosario Ortega-Ruiz, K. Runions, Daniel Falla
Bullying and cyberbullying perpetration can involve cognitive processes of moral disengagement; however, there is no clear evidence about which strategies have the greatest influence on this type of behaviour. The aim of this paper was to examine which dimensions of moral disengagement were associated to bullying (off/online) and to explore the effect of gender and age. A total 1,274 students (48.6% girls, aged 11 to 17 years old) from the south of Spain were surveyed (M = 13.63, SD = 1.31). Multivariate multiple regression analyses showed that age and all moral disengagement mechanisms were associated with both offline and online bullying. Univariate regressions revealed that cognitive restructuring was the most strongly associated with both. The interaction between age and cognitive restructuring was only related to offline bullying. Simple slope analyses showed different effects for younger and older classmates at high levels of cognitive restructuring. Specific moral disengagement strategies have special significance for adolescent bullying and cyberbullying perpetration, with cognitive restructuring in particular promoting bullying perpetration in younger students. The results are discussed in relation to practical implications to prevent bullying and cyberbullying.
实施欺凌和网络欺凌可能涉及道德脱离的认知过程;然而,没有明确的证据表明哪些策略对这类行为的影响最大。本文的目的是研究道德脱离的哪些维度与欺凌(离线/在线)有关,并探讨性别和年龄的影响。共有1274名来自西班牙南部的学生(48.6%为女孩,年龄在11至17岁之间)接受了调查(M=13.63,SD=1.31)。多元多元回归分析表明,年龄和所有道德脱离机制都与线下和网络欺凌有关。单变量回归显示,认知结构调整与两者的关系最为密切。年龄与认知结构重建之间的相互作用只与线下欺凌有关。简单的斜率分析显示,在认知结构高度重组的情况下,年轻和年长的同学会受到不同的影响。特定的道德脱离策略对青少年欺凌和网络欺凌的实施具有特殊意义,尤其是认知结构调整促进了年轻学生的欺凌行为。讨论的结果与预防欺凌和网络欺凌的实际意义有关。
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引用次数: 29
Parenting Stress Index-Short Form: psychometric properties of the Spanish version in mothers of children aged 0 to 8 years 父母压力指数简表:西班牙语版本对0至8岁儿童母亲的心理测量特性
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5093/pi2020a14
Gabriela R. Rivas, I. Arruabarrena, J. D. Paúl
The Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) is one of the most commonly used measures of parenting stress both in clinical and research contexts. The PSI-SF is a 36-item, self-report measure with three subscales: Parental Distress (PD), Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction (PCDI), and Difficult Child (DC). The objective of this study was to analyse the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of PSI-SF. Two different samples (N = 309) of mothers with children under 8 years old participated in the study. The first sample comprised 203 mothers with difficulties managing their children’s behaviour. The second sample comprised 106 mothers from the general population. Factor structure of the PSI-SF, convergent validity, and differences between groups were analysed. The expected three-factor structure was confirmed for both samples. Findings suggested that the total PSI-SF scale and the three subscales had adequate internal consistency and convergent validity. Differences between both samples, and between age and economic subgroups in the first sample were tested. The Spanish version of the PSI-SF can be considered an adequate measure of parenting stress in mothers of children under 8 years old with difficulties to manage their children’s behaviour. Further studies with extended samples from the general population are needed.
父母压力指数缩写(PSI-SF)是临床和研究中最常用的衡量父母压力的指标之一。PSI-SF是一项36项的自我报告测量,有三个分量表:父母痛苦(PD)、亲子功能障碍互动(PCDI)和困难儿童(DC)。本研究的目的是分析西班牙语版PSI-SF的因素结构和心理测量特性。有8岁以下孩子的母亲的两个不同样本(N=309)参与了这项研究。第一个样本包括203名难以控制孩子行为的母亲。第二个样本包括来自普通人群的106名母亲。分析PSI-SF的因子结构、收敛有效性和组间差异。两个样品都确认了预期的三因素结构。研究结果表明,总PSI-SF量表和三个分量表具有足够的内部一致性和收敛有效性。测试了两个样本之间的差异,以及第一个样本中年龄和经济亚组之间的差异。西班牙版的PSI-SF可以被认为是衡量8岁以下难以控制孩子行为的母亲的育儿压力的一个适当指标。需要对普通人群的扩大样本进行进一步研究。
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引用次数: 27
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Psychosocial Intervention
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