Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"From Sweat to Strain: An Epidemiological Analysis of Training-Related Injuries in CrossFit®","authors":"Julia Elisabeth Lenz, Dominik Szymski, Jonas Krueckel, Johannes Weber, Felix Krieger, Thomas Karius, Rainer Meffert, Volker Alt, Kai Fehske","doi":"10.2147/oajsm.s469411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s469411","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> This study aims to conduct an epidemiological investigation into the types and causes of injuries during CrossFit<sup>®</sup> training in Germany.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> Voluntary athletes from various German CrossFit<sup>®</sup> gyms participated, providing personal information, training habits, and details on injuries through a standardized questionnaire.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The study involved 308 participants, with an equal sex split, a peak age of 20– 40, and a BMI of 24.3 ± 3.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Most participants trained for over two years (49.4%), primarily in supervised groups. Motivations for engaging in CrossFit<sup>®</sup> included health prevention (33.1%), athletic training (32.8%), and work-life balance support (17%). Injuries were reported by 28.6% of participants, with 61.4% experiencing single injuries. The majority of injuries (55.3%) occurred during the middle of workouts. Injury types included wounds (23.3%), contusions, sprains, or strains (cumulative 30.8%), and fractures (2.9%). Almost all injured individuals (96.5%) had a time-loss injury, with a return to sport ranging from a day to over three months. Treatments varied, with 50.6% not requiring medical intervention, 34.1% undergoing physiotherapy, 21.2% receiving medication and 8.2% needing surgery. Barbell exercises, notably Snatch and Clean, were main exercises with association to injuries, accounting for 36.3%. The Box Jump stood out as the exercise with the highest isolated injury prevalence (14.3%). Notable injury causes included falls during Pull-Ups and lumbar disc herniation linked to Deadlifts. Following injuries, 45.8% of participants made training adjustments.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study provides an epidemiological investigation into the types and causes of injuries during CrossFit<sup>®</sup> training in Germany. The shoulder and knee joint exhibited the highest injury prevalence. Barbell exercises, box jumps, and bar pull-ups were identified as major exercises with association to injuries. Prevention through technical training and the incorporation of soft boxes could reduce the risk of injuries in CrossFit<sup>®</sup>.<br/><br/><strong>Plain Language Summary:</strong> This study looks at the types and causes of injuries during CrossFit<sup>®</sup> training in Germany. A total of 308 CrossFit<sup>®</sup> athletes took part, with an equal number of men and women, mostly aged 20-40, and an average BMI of 24.3 ± 3.3 kg/m². Most had trained for over two years, often in supervised groups, and were motivated by health, fitness, and balancing work and life.<br/>About 28.6% of participants reported injuries, mostly single injuries happening in the middle of workouts. The types of injuries included cuts, bruises, sprains, strains, and fractures, with the shoulder and knee being the most commonly affected areas. Notably, exercises involving barbells like the Snatch and Clean caused a significant num","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Combined Oculomotor and Bimanual Coordination Exercises Instantly Stabilize Balance in Athletes?","authors":"Yuki Matsuura, Yosuke Sakairi, Haruki Sato, Koki Takiura","doi":"10.2147/oajsm.s472125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s472125","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> This study examined the immediate effects of oculomotor and bimanual coordination exercises, as well as a combination of the two, on stability of balance in athletes.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> Changes in center-of-gravity sway were measured in 30 college student athletes before and after the following three exercise conditions: 1) oculomotor exercises, 2) bimanual coordination exercises, and 3) a combination of oculomotor and bimanual coordination exercises (1+2). The order of these exercises was counterbalanced.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The combination of exercises (condition 3) reduced large swaying during balancing and immediately increased postural stability. Moreover, the oculomotor and bimanual coordination exercises (conditions 1 and 2) immediately reduced large sway during balancing when performed independently. Thus, the present study revealed that the combination of oculomotor and bimanual coordination exercises immediately reduced accidental swaying during balancing and also improved postural stability.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This combination could be effective as an immediate balance adjustment method for athletes.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> postural stability, warming up, balance training, oculomotor exercise, bimanual coordination exercise<br/>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tennis Injuries Among German League Players: Investigating Patterns and Epidemiology of Acute and Chronic Injuries","authors":"Jonas Krueckel, Dominik Szymski, Julia Lenz, Julian Fluegel, Johannes Weber, Leonard Achenbach, Rainer Meffert, Volker Alt, Kai Fehske","doi":"10.2147/oajsm.s460907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s460907","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> While injuries among elite tennis athletes are extensively documented, a notable research gap exists regarding tennis injuries among club-level players. This study examines tennis injuries in German league players, with a particular emphasis on the impact of racquet properties and court surfaces, distinguishing between chronic and acute injuries.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> Retrospectively analyzing data from 600 tennis players over a 1.5-year period, a standardized questionnaire covered anthropometrics, injury characteristics, equipment usage, and court surface conditions.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The study identified 1012 tennis-related injuries, averaging 1.7 per player. Acute injuries predominantly affected the lower extremity (56%), with ankle injuries being the most prevalent, and ligaments were the most commonly affected structures (36.4%). Chronic complaints (reported by 364 athletes) focused on the upper extremity (63.2%), primarily tendon injuries (56.8%). Racket properties exhibited no significant impact on chronic upper extremity injuries.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study highlights a high incidence of acute lower extremity injuries, especially ankle ligament injuries, among German league tennis players. It offers crucial insights for devising targeted injury prevention strategies applicable to amateur, semi-professional, and professional tennis players, despite finding no significant link between racquet material and chronic upper extremity injuries.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> tennis, injury, epidemiology, court surface, racquet material, ankle, ligament<br/>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Electromagnetic and Electrohydraulic Focused ESWT and EMTT for Delayed Calcaneal Union in an Adolescent Parkour Athlete - A Case Report.","authors":"Karsten Knobloch, Amol Saxena, Wolfgang Schaden","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S460370","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OAJSM.S460370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes a novel and unique combination of both electromagnetic and electrohydraulic focused extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and extracorporeal magnetotransduction therapy (EMTT) for accelerated healing in a calcaneus epiphyseal fracture with delayed healing in an adolescent Parkour athlete. After a 2.5m jump, the 14-year-old experienced significant heel pain, however avoided telling his parents. After eight weeks, the initial imaging using ultra low dose weight-bearing cone beam CT (WBCT) revealed a calcaneus non-union situation adjacent to the open calcaneal physis. To improve and accelerate bony healing substantially, we chose to apply both combined focused electromagnetic (Storz Ultra, Storz Medical AG, Tägerwillen, CH) and focused electrohydraulic (MTS, Konstanz, Germany) ESWT in a fractioned fashion plus EMTT (Storz Magnetolith, Tägerwillen, CH) in five consecutive weekly sessions while allowing the patient to fully weight bear. The follow-up WBCT after six weeks revealed a near to total healing of the delayed union and being pain-free. Notably, combination therapy with focused ESWT and EMTT did not result in early closure of the calcaneal epiphysis. We conclude that combined focused electromagnetic and electrohydraulic ESWT and EMTT facilitate bony healing in adolescent calcaneal apophyseal fractures without any adverse effects on the open physis. Evidence level IV (case report).</p>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11178071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Injury and Surgical Interventions in Ankle and Knee Injuries in NBA Athletes [Corrigendum]","authors":"Joshua J Cassinat, Matthew Aceto, Jonathan Schwartzman, Yasmine Ghattas, Zachary Gapinski, Benjamin C Service","doi":"10.2147/oajsm.s469611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s469611","url":null,"abstract":"Corrigendum for the article Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Injury and Surgical Interventions in Ankle and Knee Injuries in NBA Athletes","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Garmin Fénix 7^® Underestimates Performance at the Lactate Threshold in Comparison to Standardized Blood Lactate Field Test.","authors":"Marie Heiber, Andrea Schittenhelm, Jennifer Schlie, Marcus Beckert, Pascal Graf, Annette Schmidt","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S444568","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OAJSM.S444568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Lactate threshold (LT) is a critical performance measure traditionally obtained using costly laboratory-based tests. Wearables offer a practical and noninvasive alternative for LT assessment in recreational and professional athletes. However, the comparability of these estimates with the regular field tests requires further evaluation.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In our sample of 26 participants (n_f=7 and n_m=19), we compared the estimated running pace and heart rate (HR) at LT with two subsequent tests. First, participants performed the Fenix 7^® threshold running test after a calibration phase. Subsequently, they were tested in a standardized, graded blood lactate field test. Age was 25.97 (± 6.26) years, and body mass index (BMI) was 24.58 (± 2.8) kg/m².</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pace at LT calculated by Fenix 7^® (<i>M</i>=11.87 km/h ± 1.26 km/h) was 11.96% lower compared to the field test (<i>M</i>=13.28 km/h ± 1.72 km/h), which was significant (<i>p</i> <0.001, <i>d</i>=-1.19). HR estimated by the Fenix 7^® at LT was 1.71% lower (p >0.05). LT data obtained in the field test showed greater overall variance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest sufficient accuracy of Fenix 7^® LT estimates for recreational athletes. It can be assumed that for professional athletes, it would fail to provide the nuanced data needed for high-quality training management.</p>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11090120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tendinopathic Plantaris but Normal Achilles Tendon Found in About One-Fifth of Patients Not Responding to Conservative Achilles Tendon Management – Results from a Prospective WALANT Surgical Case Series on 105 Tendons","authors":"Håkan Alfredson, Markus Waldén, David Roberts, Christoph Spang","doi":"10.2147/oajsm.s456389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s456389","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> Midportion Achilles tendinopathy is a relatively common condition. This study aimed to investigate the presence of a normal Achilles tendon, but a tendinopathic plantaris tendon, in a large and consecutive prospective sample of patients referred to a specialised tendon clinic for midportion Achilles tendon pain not responding to non-surgical treatment.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> A total of 105 consecutive tendons were operated on in 81 patients (62 males) suffering from painful midportion Achilles tendon pain. Clinical examination, ultrasound (US) and colour Doppler (CD) examination, and wide awake local anaesthetic no tourniquet (WALANT) surgery were performed in all patients.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> For 19/105 (18%) tendons from 14 patients, clinical examination suspected plantaris tendinopathy alone as there was a distinct tenderness on the medial side, but no thickening of the Achilles tendon. US examination followed by surgery confirmed the diagnosis.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Midportion Achilles tendon pain is not always related to Achilles tendinopathy since pain related to the plantaris tendon alone was found in almost every fifth patient. Consequently, there is an obvious need for proper examination to identify the pain source and establish a correct diagnosis before treatment.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> Achilles tendinopathy, surgery, plantaris, consecutive, ultrasound<br/>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Failed ACL Reconstruction: An Updated Review","authors":"Bryson Kemler, Carlo Coladonato, John Hayden Sonnier, Michael P Campbell, Danielle Darius, Brandon J Erickson, Fotios Paul Tjoumakaris, Kevin B Freedman","doi":"10.2147/oajsm.s427332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s427332","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract:</strong> Failure rates among primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) range from 3.2% to 11.1%. Recently, there has been increased focus on surgical and anatomic considerations which predispose patients to failure, including excessive posterior tibial slope (PTS), unaddressed high-grade pivot shift, and improper tunnel placement. The purpose of this review was to provide a current summary and analysis of the literature regarding patient-related and technical factors surrounding revision ACLR, rehabilitation considerations, overall outcomes and return to sport (RTS) for patients who undergo revision ACLR. There is a convincingly higher re-tear and revision rate in patients who undergo ACLR with allograft than autograft, especially amongst the young, athletic population. Unrecognized Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PLC) injury is a common cause of ACLR failure and current literature suggests concurrent operative management of high-grade PLC injuries. Given the high rates of revision surgery in young active patients who return to pivoting sports, the authors recommend strong consideration of a combined ACLR + Anterolateral Ligament (ALL) or Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) procedure in this population. Excessive PTS has been identified as an independent risk factor for ACL graft failure. Careful consideration of patient-specific factors such as age and activity level may influence the success of ACL reconstruction. Additional technical considerations including graft choice and fixation method, tunnel position, evaluation of concomitant posterolateral corner and high-grade pivot shift injuries, and the role of excessive posterior tibial slope may play a significant role in preventing failure.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> ACL, anterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, failed ACL graft, posterior tibial slope, revision ACL reconstruction<br/>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of the Early COVID-19 Pandemic on Depressive Symptoms and Mental Health Among Student-Athletes","authors":"Christopher S Ahmad, Justin E Hellwinkel, Rifat Ahmed, Frank J Alexander, Alan W Reynolds, Dana P Piasecki, Thomas S Bottiglieri, T Sean Lynch, Charles A Popkin, Bryan M Saltzman, David P Trofa","doi":"10.2147/oajsm.s392977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s392977","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Objective:</strong> Social distancing protocols due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in premature ending of athletic seasons and cancellation of upcoming seasons, placing significant stress on young athletes. Inability to play or forced early retirement has significant consequences on athlete’s mental health, as demonstrated by an extensive body of injury literature. We hypothesize that premature suspension and cancellation of athletic events due to the COVID-19 pandemic leads to higher incidence of depressive symptoms among high-school and collegiate athletes. Further, athletes who strongly derive their sense of self-worth centered around athletics would have higher rates of depressive symptoms.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> High school and collegiate athletes were evaluated for depressive symptoms, emotional health and athletic identity measures through validated assessment instruments from May 2020 through July 2020. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression Computer Adaptive Test (PROMIS-10 Depression CAT), Veterans RAND-12 (VR-12), which comprises both a physical and mental health component, and Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) were utilized.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Mental health assessments were completed by 515 athletes (52.4% male, 47.6% female; .84.5% collegiate, 15.5% high school). Female athletes scored significantly worse than males on VR-12 mental health assessments, as well as PROMIS-10 Depression scores; however, males scored significantly lower than females on VR-12 physical health assessments, irrespective of education level. Athletes who had strong associations with athletics as central to their personal identity exhibited worse psychologic impact on VR-12 mental health and PROMIS-10 Depression measures and female athletes in this cohort reported greater depressive symptoms than males.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Social distancing protocols due to the COVID-19 pandemic have limited athlete’s ability to participate in sports at the training and competition level. Higher rates of depressive symptoms in high school and college athletes have resulted among female athletes and those who identify strongly as an athlete.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> COVID-19, mental health, return to play, involuntary retirement, psychological impact, depression<br/>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140156377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximal Oxygen Uptake, Muscular Oxidative Capacity, and Ventilatory Threshold in Amateur Triathletes: Eight-Month Training Follow-Up","authors":"Mateus Guilherme Calixto Assis, José Geraldo Gomes Barbosa Junior, Aldo Seffrin, Vinícius Ribeiro dos Anjos Souza, Lavínia Vivan, Mila Alves Matos Rodrigues, Claudio André Barbosa de Lira, Rodrigo Luiz Vancini, Beat Knechtle, Katja Weiss, Marilia Santos Andrade","doi":"10.2147/oajsm.s453875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s453875","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> Endurance sports performance is influenced by several factors, including maximal oxygen uptake (⩒O₂max), the percentage of ⩒O₂max that can be sustained in endurance events, running economy, and body composition. Traditionally, ⩒O₂max can be measured as an absolute value, adjusted for body mass, reflecting the athlete’s central capacity (maximal cardiac output), or adjusted for lean mass (LM), reflecting the athlete’s peripheral capacity (muscular oxidative capacity). The present study aims to evaluate absolute, total body mass, and lower limb LM-adjusted ⩒O₂max, ventilatory thresholds (VT), respiratory compensation points (RCP), and body composition during two training periods separated by 8 months.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> Thirteen competitive amateur triathletes [seven men (40.7± 13.7 years old, 76.3± 8.3kg, and 173.9± 4.8cm) and six women (43.5± 6.9 years old, 55.0± 2.7kg, 164.9± 5.2cm)] were evaluated for body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ⩒O₂max, VT, RPC, and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) with a cardiorespiratory maximal treadmill test.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The absolute ⩒O₂max (<em>p</em> = 0.003, <em>d</em> = 1.05), body mass–adjusted ⩒O₂max (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>d</em> = 1.2859), and MAS (<em>p</em> = 0.047, <em>d</em> = 0.6139) values differed significantly across evaluation periods. Lower limb LM–adjusted ⩒O₂max (<em>p</em> = 0.083, <em>d</em> = − 0.0418), %⩒O₂max at VT (<em>p</em> = 0.541, <em>d</em> = − 0.1746), speed at VT (<em>p</em> = 0.337, <em>d</em> = − 0.2774), % ⩒O₂max at RCP (<em>p</em> = 0.776, <em>d</em> = 0.0806), and speed at RCP (<em>p</em> = 0.436, <em>d</em> = 0.2234) showed no difference.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The sensitivities of ⩒O₂max adjusted for body mass and ⩒O₂max adjusted for LM to detect changes in physical training state differ. Furthermore, decreases in physical fitness level, as evaluated by ⩒O₂max values, are not accompanied by changes in VT.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> amateur triathletes, skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, triathlon, performance<br/>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140155515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}