Introduction and Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the impact of TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) along with Mckenzie lumbar extension exercise on patients with lumbar radiculopathy. The objective is to compare the effect of TENS with Mckenzie exercise and control group. The study assessed pain levels, radicular pain through SLR (Straight Leg Raise) test, disability using RMDQ (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire), and spine range of motion (ROM) using MMST (Modified Modified Schober Test). Pre-test and post-test measurements were collected and compared to determine any differences. Methodology: The study included a total of 50 male and female patients aged between 31 and 40 years, all of whom experienced disabling pain for a duration of 6-12 weeks. The materials used for the assessment included an inch tape for measuring lumbar spine ROM, a goniometer for SLR, and a belt. Results: After the 6-week program, the findings revealed a significant reduction in pain levels, improved SLR, enhanced lumbar spine ROM, and decreased disability among the participants. Paired t-test showed significant differences in post-test values and independent t-test revealed significant post-test values in the experimental group than the control group at p<0.05. Conclusion: The group of patients with lumbar radiculopathy who received TENS combined with Mckenzie exercise demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of pain reduction, SLR improvement, MODI (Modified Oswestry Disability Index) scores, and RMQ (Roland Morris Questionnaire) scores compared to the group treated with general exercise and TENS.
{"title":"Effect of Mckenzie lumbar extension exercise with TENS on lumbar radiculopathy","authors":"S. Kumar B., Divyasree S., K. A, Surya Vishnuram","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the impact of TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) along with Mckenzie lumbar extension exercise on patients with lumbar radiculopathy. The objective is to compare the effect of TENS with Mckenzie exercise and control group. The study assessed pain levels, radicular pain through SLR (Straight Leg Raise) test, disability using RMDQ (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire), and spine range of motion (ROM) using MMST (Modified Modified Schober Test). Pre-test and post-test measurements were collected and compared to determine any differences.\u0000 \u0000Methodology: The study included a total of 50 male and female patients aged between 31 and 40 years, all of whom experienced disabling pain for a duration of 6-12 weeks. The materials used for the assessment included an inch tape for measuring lumbar spine ROM, a goniometer for SLR, and a belt.\u0000 \u0000Results: After the 6-week program, the findings revealed a significant reduction in pain levels, improved SLR, enhanced lumbar spine ROM, and decreased disability among the participants. Paired t-test showed significant differences in post-test values and independent t-test revealed significant post-test values in the experimental group than the control group at p<0.05.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The group of patients with lumbar radiculopathy who received TENS combined with Mckenzie exercise demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of pain reduction, SLR improvement, MODI (Modified Oswestry Disability Index) scores, and RMQ (Roland Morris Questionnaire) scores compared to the group treated with general exercise and TENS.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43960908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. F., Vadlapudi Kumar, V. E., Poornima D.V., Anuradha C.M., Prathap H.M.
Introduction and Aim: Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg (G. glauca) is an abundant source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with therapeutic potential, despite this very few investigations conducted for enhanced phenolic and flavonoid production by suspension culture. In the present study a non-destructive harvesting method was developed for phenolics and flavonoids production in cell suspension of G. glauca using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as a potent elicitor for product enhancement. Materials and Methods: cell suspension culture was initiated to evaluate the elicitor impact on cell growth, Phytochemical extraction and screening, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant assay by 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, was done to evaluate, its antioxidant capacity in the methyl jasmonate elicited suspension cultured sample of G. glauca. Results: Methyl jasmonate elicitation in response to 50 µM dosage showed an increase in biomass production of phenolic compounds and flavonoids after 6 days of culture incubation. Qualitative screening of phytoconstituents revealed the abundance of flavonoids and phenolics tannins, confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, TLC and HPLC analyses. G. glauca cell suspension culture sample showed dose dependent DPPH free radical scavenging activity compared to the respective control samples. Conclusion: The outcome of the present study shows that G.glauca MeJA (methyl jasmonate) elicitation at 50µM dosage elicited the highest presence of phenolics and flavonoid with potential antioxidant capability. Considering the vulnerability of G.glauca as enlisted in endangered plants list, the present protocol is a non-destructive harvesting method to produce biologically active phenolics and flavonoids of the plant.
介绍与目的:灰刺荆(freen .)Gilg (G. glauca)是具有治疗潜力的酚类和类黄酮化合物的丰富来源，尽管通过悬浮培养提高酚类和类黄酮产量的研究很少。本研究利用茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)作为强效激发子，建立了一种非破坏性的收获方法，用于青花毛藻细胞悬浮液中酚类物质和黄酮类物质的生产。材料与方法:通过细胞悬浮培养，评价激发子对细胞生长、植物化学提取与筛选、总酚类和类黄酮含量的影响，采用抗氧化法测定1,1二苯基-2-苦味酰肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力，在茉莉酸甲酯诱导的glauca悬浮培养样品中评价其抗氧化能力。结果:茉莉酸甲酯对50µM剂量的诱导，在培养6天后，酚类化合物和黄酮类物质的生物量增加。通过紫外-可见分光光度法、薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱法对其进行定性筛选，发现黄酮类化合物和酚类化合物单宁含量丰富。青光眼细胞悬浮培养样品与对照样品相比，具有剂量依赖性的DPPH自由基清除活性。结论:本研究结果表明，50µM剂量的茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)诱导产生的酚类物质和类黄酮含量最高，具有潜在的抗氧化能力。考虑到青茅属濒危植物的脆弱性，本方案采用非破坏性采收方法，从青茅中提取具有生物活性的酚类物质和类黄酮。
{"title":"A non-destructive harvesting method to produce biologically active phenolics and flavonoids of Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg","authors":"R. F., Vadlapudi Kumar, V. E., Poornima D.V., Anuradha C.M., Prathap H.M.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.3191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.3191","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg (G. glauca) is an abundant source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with therapeutic potential, despite this very few investigations conducted for enhanced phenolic and flavonoid production by suspension culture. In the present study a non-destructive harvesting method was developed for phenolics and flavonoids production in cell suspension of G. glauca using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as a potent elicitor for product enhancement. \u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: cell suspension culture was initiated to evaluate the elicitor impact on cell growth, Phytochemical extraction and screening, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant assay by 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, was done to evaluate, its antioxidant capacity in the methyl jasmonate elicited suspension cultured sample of G. glauca. \u0000 \u0000Results: Methyl jasmonate elicitation in response to 50 µM dosage showed an increase in biomass production of phenolic compounds and flavonoids after 6 days of culture incubation. Qualitative screening of phytoconstituents revealed the abundance of flavonoids and phenolics tannins, confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, TLC and HPLC analyses. G. glauca cell suspension culture sample showed dose dependent DPPH free radical scavenging activity compared to the respective control samples. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The outcome of the present study shows that G.glauca MeJA (methyl jasmonate) elicitation at 50µM dosage elicited the highest presence of phenolics and flavonoid with potential antioxidant capability. Considering the vulnerability of G.glauca as enlisted in endangered plants list, the present protocol is a non-destructive harvesting method to produce biologically active phenolics and flavonoids of the plant.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48593328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Crude herbal drugs and commercial extracts obtained from plant sources continue to play a significant role in healthcare, particularly in developing countries where traditional medicine practices are deeply rooted. The aim of the study was to estimate the antioxidant (DPPH) and cytotoxic effects of the ethanolic extract of Flaveria trinervia on raw 246.7 cells. Materials and Methods: In the Indian town of Thoothukudi's Kovilpatti village, F. trinervia was isolated. The entire plant was air-dried before being crushed, and 1 kg of the powdered ethanolic extract was employed in the Soxhlet apparatus for continuous extraction. By utilizing GC-MS analysis, F. trinervia ethanolic extract phytochemical assessment was studied. The antioxidant potential of F. trinervia was examined using the DPPH test. Raw 246.7 cell lines were used to test the ethanolic extract of F. trinervia for cytotoxic activity. Results: F. trinervia extracts were found to contain a variety of biologically active phytoconstituents, including ergosterol, octadecanoic acid, propanoic acid, and isopropyl palmitate, according to phytochemical analysis. Compared to the negative control, the ethanolic extract of F. trinervia considerably showed antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. Ascorbic acid antioxidant activity with DPPH was 98.12%, whereas F.trinervia ethanolic extract's antioxidant activity was 78.91%. The anticancer efficacy of F. trinervia ethanolic extract against uncultured 246.7 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. By charting cell viability vs extract concentration, the IC50 value was determined. The MTT assay identified raw cells IC50 at 24 hrs as 200 µg/mL of ethanolic F. trinervia extract. Conclusion: Active phytoconstituents are present in the F. trinervia whole plant ethanolic extract. Because of the presence of phytoconstituents, the extracts have excellent antioxidant activity and good cytotoxicity activity against raw 246.7 cell lines. The study recommended using whole plant extract from F. trinervia to treat several metabolic diseases.
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis, in-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of Flaveria trinervia ethanolic extract","authors":"Anju A. Varghese, A. Smith A., S. M.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2526","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Crude herbal drugs and commercial extracts obtained from plant sources continue to play a significant role in healthcare, particularly in developing countries where traditional medicine practices are deeply rooted. The aim of the study was to estimate the antioxidant (DPPH) and cytotoxic effects of the ethanolic extract of Flaveria trinervia on raw 246.7 cells.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: In the Indian town of Thoothukudi's Kovilpatti village, F. trinervia was isolated. The entire plant was air-dried before being crushed, and 1 kg of the powdered ethanolic extract was employed in the Soxhlet apparatus for continuous extraction. By utilizing GC-MS analysis, F. trinervia ethanolic extract phytochemical assessment was studied. The antioxidant potential of F. trinervia was examined using the DPPH test. Raw 246.7 cell lines were used to test the ethanolic extract of F. trinervia for cytotoxic activity.\u0000 \u0000Results: F. trinervia extracts were found to contain a variety of biologically active phytoconstituents, including ergosterol, octadecanoic acid, propanoic acid, and isopropyl palmitate, according to phytochemical analysis. Compared to the negative control, the ethanolic extract of F. trinervia considerably showed antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. Ascorbic acid antioxidant activity with DPPH was 98.12%, whereas F.trinervia ethanolic extract's antioxidant activity was 78.91%. The anticancer efficacy of F. trinervia ethanolic extract against uncultured 246.7 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. By charting cell viability vs extract concentration, the IC50 value was determined. The MTT assay identified raw cells IC50 at 24 hrs as 200 µg/mL of ethanolic F. trinervia extract.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Active phytoconstituents are present in the F. trinervia whole plant ethanolic extract. Because of the presence of phytoconstituents, the extracts have excellent antioxidant activity and good cytotoxicity activity against raw 246.7 cell lines. The study recommended using whole plant extract from F. trinervia to treat several metabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45205430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: In developed countries, carotid artery stenosis (CAS) has a considerable impact on mortality and disability rates. Genetic risk factors for CAS have also been linked, in addition to environmental risk factors. This study sought to determine whether there may be a link between three polymorphisms in the LPL gene and the emergence of CAS. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty participants were enrolled in this case-control study, including 60 individuals with CAS and 60 healthy subjects serving as the control group. The demographic and clinical data were collected from each participant. Whole blood samples were obtained to study the genomic DNA where a specific LPL gene fragment corresponding to the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs320, rs328, and rs285 was amplified using designated primers. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used for genotyping. Results: The mutant allele (C) of the rs285 polymorphism was more frequent in patients than controls (45% vs. 32.5%; OR=1.7, 95% CI= 1.01- 2.87; p=0.048). The TCC haplotype block (T allele of rs320, C allele of rs285, and C allele of rs328) was significantly more prevalent in patients compared to controls (OR= 2.0, 95% CI= 1.03-3.77, p= 0.039). On the other hand, controls (23.33%) had significantly more of the haplotype block GTG than did patients (8.33%) (OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.14-0.065, p = 0.002). The SNPs rs320 (D' = 0.63) and rs328 (D' = 0.61) have weak relationships with rs385. Conclusion: The C allele of rs285 polymorphism could be considered a risk factor for CAS. While the haplotype block GTG was thought to play a protective role, the haplotype block TCC (T allele of rs320, C allele of rs285, and C allele of rs328) may increase the risk of CAS.
{"title":"Lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms and their association with the development and severity of carotid artery stenosis","authors":"Mahmood Shaker Khazaal, Farqad Bader Hamdan, Qasim Sharhan Al-Mayah","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2818","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: In developed countries, carotid artery stenosis (CAS) has a considerable impact on mortality and disability rates. Genetic risk factors for CAS have also been linked, in addition to environmental risk factors. This study sought to determine whether there may be a link between three polymorphisms in the LPL gene and the emergence of CAS.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty participants were enrolled in this case-control study, including 60 individuals with CAS and 60 healthy subjects serving as the control group. The demographic and clinical data were collected from each participant. Whole blood samples were obtained to study the genomic DNA where a specific LPL gene fragment corresponding to the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs320, rs328, and rs285 was amplified using designated primers. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used for genotyping.\u0000 \u0000Results: The mutant allele (C) of the rs285 polymorphism was more frequent in patients than controls (45% vs. 32.5%; OR=1.7, 95% CI= 1.01- 2.87; p=0.048). The TCC haplotype block (T allele of rs320, C allele of rs285, and C allele of rs328) was significantly more prevalent in patients compared to controls (OR= 2.0, 95% CI= 1.03-3.77, p= 0.039). On the other hand, controls (23.33%) had significantly more of the haplotype block GTG than did patients (8.33%) (OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.14-0.065, p = 0.002). The SNPs rs320 (D' = 0.63) and rs328 (D' = 0.61) have weak relationships with rs385.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The C allele of rs285 polymorphism could be considered a risk factor for CAS. While the haplotype block GTG was thought to play a protective role, the haplotype block TCC (T allele of rs320, C allele of rs285, and C allele of rs328) may increase the risk of CAS.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49525582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: In the global pandemic caused by Covid-19, older individuals and those with comorbidities have been shown to be more susceptible to serious diseases. The purpose of our research is to estimate the proportion of Covid-19 inpatients requiring blood transfusions over a period of 3 months. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational analysis of blood product consumption in Covid-19 inpatients at our center from April to June 2021 was conducted by reviewing monthly transfusion records archived in our blood bank. Each blood component administered in Covid-19 wards during the prescribed period was noted. Results: Out of 1096 Covid-19 inpatients, only 66 (6.02%) patients received transfusions. As compared to non-Covid wards, Covid-19 wards had substantially lower transfusion rates for packed cell units (84 vs. 1074 units), FFP (33 vs. 691 units), and platelets (46 vs. 595 units). A total of 163 units of blood components were given to 66 Covid-19 inpatients, the majority of which were packed cell units (51.5%). Conclusion: In comparison to hospitalized non Covid patients, Covid-19 inpatients required fewer transfusions. In our institute, only the Covid 19 patients who were critically sick received blood transfusions; the rest received conservative therapy for their mild to moderate illnesses. This information will be beneficial for our department as it helps us plan and prepare for the use of blood supplies while the pandemic is still going strong.
{"title":"Changing trends in blood component utilisation during COVID time: Analysis of 1096 COVID-19 in patients","authors":"Christy K. Jose, K. Pailoor","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.1334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.1334","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: In the global pandemic caused by Covid-19, older individuals and those with comorbidities have been shown to be more susceptible to serious diseases. The purpose of our research is to estimate the proportion of Covid-19 inpatients requiring blood transfusions over a period of 3 months.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational analysis of blood product consumption in Covid-19 inpatients at our center from April to June 2021 was conducted by reviewing monthly transfusion records archived in our blood bank. Each blood component administered in Covid-19 wards during the prescribed period was noted.\u0000 \u0000Results: Out of 1096 Covid-19 inpatients, only 66 (6.02%) patients received transfusions. As compared to non-Covid wards, Covid-19 wards had substantially lower transfusion rates for packed cell units (84 vs. 1074 units), FFP (33 vs. 691 units), and platelets (46 vs. 595 units). A total of 163 units of blood components were given to 66 Covid-19 inpatients, the majority of which were packed cell units (51.5%).\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: In comparison to hospitalized non Covid patients, Covid-19 inpatients required fewer transfusions. In our institute, only the Covid 19 patients who were critically sick received blood transfusions; the rest received conservative therapy for their mild to moderate illnesses. This information will be beneficial for our department as it helps us plan and prepare for the use of blood supplies while the pandemic is still going strong.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43293580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saja Mahir Mohammed, Zainab Hassan Hashim, Qasim Sh. Al-Mayah, Mahir Mohammed Hussein
Introduction and Aim: The zinc finger protein 804A (ZNF804A) gene has garnered significant interest as a gene associated with an increased risk of psychosis. This interest stems from the strong association observed between a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), namely rs1344706, within the ZNF804A gene, and various psychosis phenotypes, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In this study, we aimed to assess the functional impact of ZNF804A gene polymorphism in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and methamphetamine addiction. Materials and Methods: This nested case control research included 50 individuals with schizophrenia and 50 methamphetamine (crystal) users recruited from Ibn-Rushed Psychiatric Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. 50 healthy subjects were also recruited as a control group. All participants were subjected to thorough physical examination. The serum concentration of Zinc Finger Protein-804A (ZNF804A) was determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples, and the Taqman allelic discrimination method was used to genotype the ZNF804A gene rs1344706 polymorphism. Results: Patients with schizophrenia had a significantly higher median level of ZNF804A (48.67 ng/L) than controls (25.56 ng/L) or methamphetamine users (35.62 ng/L). The SNP rs1344706 homozygous (AA) genotype was more common in schizophrenia patients (36% vs. 16%) and methamphetamine addiction patients (4%), with significant differences (OR= 1.32, 95%CI= 1.32-11.75, p=0.014 and OR= 11.7, 95%CI=02.43-56.4, p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion: The AA genotype of rs1344706 polymorphism could be considered a risk factor for schizophrenia but has a protective role against methamphetamine addiction. Serum level of ZNF804A could be used to confirm the diagnosis of schizophrenia in young individuals with subtle clinical features.
{"title":"Assessment of the role of zinc finger protein-804a (znf804a) (rs1344706) gene polymorphism in schizophrenia and methamphetamine addiction patients","authors":"Saja Mahir Mohammed, Zainab Hassan Hashim, Qasim Sh. Al-Mayah, Mahir Mohammed Hussein","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2819","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: The zinc finger protein 804A (ZNF804A) gene has garnered significant interest as a gene associated with an increased risk of psychosis. This interest stems from the strong association observed between a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), namely rs1344706, within the ZNF804A gene, and various psychosis phenotypes, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In this study, we aimed to assess the functional impact of ZNF804A gene polymorphism in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and methamphetamine addiction.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: This nested case control research included 50 individuals with schizophrenia and 50 methamphetamine (crystal) users recruited from Ibn-Rushed Psychiatric Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. 50 healthy subjects were also recruited as a control group. All participants were subjected to thorough physical examination. The serum concentration of Zinc Finger Protein-804A (ZNF804A) was determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples, and the Taqman allelic discrimination method was used to genotype the ZNF804A gene rs1344706 polymorphism.\u0000 \u0000Results: Patients with schizophrenia had a significantly higher median level of ZNF804A (48.67 ng/L) than controls (25.56 ng/L) or methamphetamine users (35.62 ng/L). The SNP rs1344706 homozygous (AA) genotype was more common in schizophrenia patients (36% vs. 16%) and methamphetamine addiction patients (4%), with significant differences (OR= 1.32, 95%CI= 1.32-11.75, p=0.014 and OR= 11.7, 95%CI=02.43-56.4, p=0.002, respectively).\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The AA genotype of rs1344706 polymorphism could be considered a risk factor for schizophrenia but has a protective role against methamphetamine addiction. Serum level of ZNF804A could be used to confirm the diagnosis of schizophrenia in young individuals with subtle clinical features. ","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48721861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the molecules which have oxygen an atom in its highly reactive form. ROS are formed as a byproduct of normal metabolism and are removed by the antioxidants and enzymes present in the system. But, uncontrolled formation of ROS due to various factors like diseases or stress causes damage to the biomolecules. This oxidation of biomolecules by ROS might help in the progression of human diseases. Understanding the mechanism of development of different human diseases caused due to ROS will help to control the severity of the diseases. Also, on the basis of types of ROS involved, an antioxidant supplement can be selected to mitigate the effect of ROS and ultimately lower the severity of the disease. In this review article, we have tried to summarize the literature available from different sources on ROS formation, biomolecule oxidation and their impact on the progression of various diseases in humans.
{"title":"Impact of reactive oxygen species on the progression of human diseases by damaging biomolecules","authors":"V. Pathak, R. Kant, Navneeta R. Kumar","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2439","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the molecules which have oxygen an atom in its highly reactive form. ROS are formed as a byproduct of normal metabolism and are removed by the antioxidants and enzymes present in the system. But, uncontrolled formation of ROS due to various factors like diseases or stress causes damage to the biomolecules. This oxidation of biomolecules by ROS might help in the progression of human diseases. Understanding the mechanism of development of different human diseases caused due to ROS will help to control the severity of the diseases. Also, on the basis of types of ROS involved, an antioxidant supplement can be selected to mitigate the effect of ROS and ultimately lower the severity of the disease. In this review article, we have tried to summarize the literature available from different sources on ROS formation, biomolecule oxidation and their impact on the progression of various diseases in humans.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44651411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaimaa Noori Mahal, Ahmed Mohammed Turki, Elham Hazeim Abdulkareem
Introduction and Aim: Most cases of periodontitis are associated with microorganisms. The Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus is considered as one of the important organisms associated with periodontal infections. This study investigated the effect of silver nanoparticles as well as the antiseptic agent chlorhexidine on multi-drug resistant S. aureus isolated from periodontal infections. Materials and Methods: In this study, with help from dentists, 266 clinical samples were collected from dental patients who had periodontal infection. S. aureus isolated from samples was tested for their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against these S. aureus isolates. Results: S. aureus strains isolated from periodontal infection patients in this study were found to be multidrug resistant. AgNPs obtained using E. coli showed high inhibition of S. aureus growth when used in different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25mM). Chlorhexidine also exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Combination of AgNPs with penicillin and ciprofloxacin had an increasing significant effect on the sensitivity of S. aureus. Similarly, chlorhexidine in combination with penicillin and ciprofloxacin also showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus. Conclusion: AgNPs and chlorhexidine combined with antibiotics used in treatment of S. aureus isolated from periodontal disease showed a good antibacterial effect which suggests its use as an antibacterial agent against periodontitis associated bacteria.
{"title":"Effects of silver nanoparticles on multiple drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus from periodontal infection: An alternative approach for antimicrobial therapy","authors":"Shaimaa Noori Mahal, Ahmed Mohammed Turki, Elham Hazeim Abdulkareem","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2822","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Most cases of periodontitis are associated with microorganisms. The Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus is considered as one of the important organisms associated with periodontal infections. This study investigated the effect of silver nanoparticles as well as the antiseptic agent chlorhexidine on multi-drug resistant S. aureus isolated from periodontal infections.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: In this study, with help from dentists, 266 clinical samples were collected from dental patients who had periodontal infection. S. aureus isolated from samples was tested for their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against these S. aureus isolates.\u0000 \u0000Results: S. aureus strains isolated from periodontal infection patients in this study were found to be multidrug resistant. AgNPs obtained using E. coli showed high inhibition of S. aureus growth when used in different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25mM). Chlorhexidine also exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Combination of AgNPs with penicillin and ciprofloxacin had an increasing significant effect on the sensitivity of S. aureus. Similarly, chlorhexidine in combination with penicillin and ciprofloxacin also showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: AgNPs and chlorhexidine combined with antibiotics used in treatment of S. aureus isolated from periodontal disease showed a good antibacterial effect which suggests its use as an antibacterial agent against periodontitis associated bacteria.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43672611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadiruldeen Sami Abed, Farqad Bader Hamdan, Qasim Sharhan Al-Mayah, Mahir Mohammed Hussein
Introduction and Aim: The miR-146a is a short non-coding RNA molecule that has both therapeutic and biomarker potential. Abnormal miR-146a expression has been linked to several disorders. The target of the study is to investigate the possible link between miRNA-146a expression and the deterioration of cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients. Materials and Methods: The research comprised 40 individuals from Iraq, spanning both genders and ranging in age from 60 to 85 years. They were segregated into two distinct groups. The first group included 40 subjects (age of 75±6.6 years) who displayed no signs of cognitive or functional impairment. The second group consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (with an average age of 74.98±5.03 years), as per the DSM-5 criteria. To assess the mir-146 gene expression, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed. Results: The median expression of miR-146a in Alzheimer's disease was 0.97-fold greater than in control, with no statistically significant difference. There were no significant differences in the means between Alzheimer's females and Alzheimer's males. Female control subjects had considerably higher mean ADAS-cog scores than male control subjects. In Alzheimer's disease patients, age was observed to be strongly associated with ADAS-Cog scores, showing that age plays a role in disease development. Conclusion: Serum miR-146a is not related to the development of Alzheimer disease and does not affect disease progression
{"title":"Do miR-146a plasma levels alter in Alzheimer’s patients and impact their cognitive functions?","authors":"Sadiruldeen Sami Abed, Farqad Bader Hamdan, Qasim Sharhan Al-Mayah, Mahir Mohammed Hussein","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2817","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: The miR-146a is a short non-coding RNA molecule that has both therapeutic and biomarker potential. Abnormal miR-146a expression has been linked to several disorders. The target of the study is to investigate the possible link between miRNA-146a expression and the deterioration of cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: The research comprised 40 individuals from Iraq, spanning both genders and ranging in age from 60 to 85 years. They were segregated into two distinct groups. The first group included 40 subjects (age of 75±6.6 years) who displayed no signs of cognitive or functional impairment. The second group consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (with an average age of 74.98±5.03 years), as per the DSM-5 criteria. To assess the mir-146 gene expression, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed.\u0000 \u0000Results: The median expression of miR-146a in Alzheimer's disease was 0.97-fold greater than in control, with no statistically significant difference. There were no significant differences in the means between Alzheimer's females and Alzheimer's males. Female control subjects had considerably higher mean ADAS-cog scores than male control subjects. In Alzheimer's disease patients, age was observed to be strongly associated with ADAS-Cog scores, showing that age plays a role in disease development.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Serum miR-146a is not related to the development of Alzheimer disease and does not affect disease progression","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. T, Kumar Vadlapudi, Prathap H.M., Poornima D.V., R. F., V. E., S. M., Anuradha Cm
Introduction and Aim: Anisomeles indica Kuntze (A. indica) is employed to treat a wide range of illnesses. The Present study was aimed at establishing preliminary phytochemical screening, UV-Visible spectrophotometric, FT-IR analysis, and evaluation of biological activities of A. indica extracts. Materials and Methods: A. indica leaves were employed for the Soxhlet extraction. Furthermore, the crude extracts were utilized for phytochemical analysis and quantitative estimations of phenolics and flavonoids. UV-Vis spectrophotometric, and FT-IR analysis provided further evidence for the existence of bioactive constituents in A. indica extracts. The A. indica extracts were assessed for antioxidant potential by DPPH and metal chelation activity. Results: The findings illustrated that A. indica methanol extract was found to possess the highest yield. The preliminary phytochemical screening, UV-Vis spectrophotometric, and FT-IR fingerprint analysis provided evidence for the existence of significant bioactive constituents. A.indica methanol extract has significant total phenol, flavonoid content, and TAC (total antioxidant capacity) among all extracts. These characteristics are attributed to substantial antioxidant activity and metal-chelating activity. Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that A. indica extract possess antioxidant activity as evaluated by the potential DPPH radical scavenging and chelate metal ions. These characteristics are interconnected to the high flavonoid and phenol content, and distinctive secondary metabolites. The finding indicates that A.indica is abundant in active phytoconstituents, which also offer a vital source for effective therapeutic management.
{"title":"Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant potential of Anisomeles indica Kuntze and exploration of its bioactive phytoconstituents","authors":"M. T, Kumar Vadlapudi, Prathap H.M., Poornima D.V., R. F., V. E., S. M., Anuradha Cm","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2541","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Anisomeles indica Kuntze (A. indica) is employed to treat a wide range of illnesses. The Present study was aimed at establishing preliminary phytochemical screening, UV-Visible spectrophotometric, FT-IR analysis, and evaluation of biological activities of A. indica extracts. \u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: A. indica leaves were employed for the Soxhlet extraction. Furthermore, the crude extracts were utilized for phytochemical analysis and quantitative estimations of phenolics and flavonoids. UV-Vis spectrophotometric, and FT-IR analysis provided further evidence for the existence of bioactive constituents in A. indica extracts. The A. indica extracts were assessed for antioxidant potential by DPPH and metal chelation activity. \u0000 \u0000Results: The findings illustrated that A. indica methanol extract was found to possess the highest yield. The preliminary phytochemical screening, UV-Vis spectrophotometric, and FT-IR fingerprint analysis provided evidence for the existence of significant bioactive constituents. A.indica methanol extract has significant total phenol, flavonoid content, and TAC (total antioxidant capacity) among all extracts. These characteristics are attributed to substantial antioxidant activity and metal-chelating activity. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that A. indica extract possess antioxidant activity as evaluated by the potential DPPH radical scavenging and chelate metal ions. These characteristics are interconnected to the high flavonoid and phenol content, and distinctive secondary metabolites. The finding indicates that A.indica is abundant in active phytoconstituents, which also offer a vital source for effective therapeutic management.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47313786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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