Sarah Mohssen M. Radhi, Essam Fadel Al-Jumaili, Muqdad Abdulhasan Al-Hilal, A. Tariq
Introduction and Aim: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is a thyroid-specific antigen, and the presence of TPO antibodies is known to be associated with developing hypothyroidism. In this study we aimed to investigate the genotypes prevalent for the SNP rs2071400 of the TPO gene and its association to the development of autoimmune thyroid disease. Materials and Methods: This study involved 43 patients with hypothyroidism and 44 healthy controls. Genotyping of the TPO SNP rs2071400 (C/T) was undertaken using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction using the TaqMan® Assay. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS 25 software Results: TPO rs2071400 T carriers (CT + TT genotypes) were more frequent in patients with hypothyroidism compared with healthy control (P=0.0006), with an adjusted odds ratio of 8.0. Serum levels of Anti-TPOAb were also significantly higher in hypothyroid patients. There was no significant correlation between rs2071400 T mutation and the presence of high Anti-TPOAb. Conclusion: Study revealed TPO rs2071400 polymorphism to be an independent risk factor for developing hypothyroidism in those with or without high serum levels of TPOAb.
引言和目的：甲状腺过氧化物酶（TPO）是一种甲状腺特异性抗原，已知TPO抗体的存在与甲状腺功能减退有关。在本研究中，我们旨在研究TPO基因SNP rs2071400的流行基因型及其与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病发展的关系。材料和方法：本研究涉及43名甲状腺功能减退症患者和44名健康对照者。TPO SNP rs2071400（C/T）的基因分型是使用TaqMan®测定法使用定量实时聚合酶链反应进行的。使用SPSS 25软件对所获得的数据进行统计分析。结果：与健康对照组相比，甲状腺功能减退患者中TPO rs2071400 T携带者（CT+TT基因型）的频率更高（P=0.0006），调整后的比值比为8.0。甲状腺功能减退患者的血清抗TPOAb水平也显著升高。rs2071400 T突变与高抗TPOAb的存在之间没有显著相关性。结论：研究表明，在血清TPOAb水平高或不高的人群中，TPO rs2071400多态性是甲状腺功能减退的独立危险因素。
{"title":"TPO gene rs2071400 polymorphisms as an independent risk factor for hypothyroidism in Iraqi patients","authors":"Sarah Mohssen M. Radhi, Essam Fadel Al-Jumaili, Muqdad Abdulhasan Al-Hilal, A. Tariq","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2701","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is a thyroid-specific antigen, and the presence of TPO antibodies is known to be associated with developing hypothyroidism. In this study we aimed to investigate the genotypes prevalent for the SNP rs2071400 of the TPO gene and its association to the development of autoimmune thyroid disease.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: This study involved 43 patients with hypothyroidism and 44 healthy controls. Genotyping of the TPO SNP rs2071400 (C/T) was undertaken using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction using the TaqMan® Assay. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS 25 software\u0000 \u0000Results: TPO rs2071400 T carriers (CT + TT genotypes) were more frequent in patients with hypothyroidism compared with healthy control (P=0.0006), with an adjusted odds ratio of 8.0. Serum levels of Anti-TPOAb were also significantly higher in hypothyroid patients. There was no significant correlation between rs2071400 T mutation and the presence of high Anti-TPOAb.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Study revealed TPO rs2071400 polymorphism to be an independent risk factor for developing hypothyroidism in those with or without high serum levels of TPOAb.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43582708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tasneem Sakinatul Ain, Usha Balan, Atheer Mohammed Al-Muteb, Areej Ayed Al Sanad, Shugufta Mir, S. N C
Introduction and Aim: Gustatory changes in the form of loss of taste or alteration of taste or lingual paresthesia are often encountered post-extraction of molar teeth. The aim of this study was to assess patients' perception of gustatory changes/taste alterations following lower molar extractions in female patients attending the OPD (dentistry-clinics) at College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Thirty consecutive new female adult patients indicated for extraction due to grossly decayed mandibular molars between the age of 19-45 were included in the study. These patients were evaluated using a self-administered interview to assess the lingual tactile and gustatory function impairments immediately after surgical procedures/extraction involving the lower molar region. They were re-evaluated seven days and one month after the surgical procedure. ANOVA for repeated measures was used to assess the statistical difference between patient responses at baseline (before the procedure), seven days, and one month after the surgical procedure. Tukey HSD post hoc multiple comparisons were made to find the group that is significantly different from others. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the responses at baseline, seven days, and one month after the surgical procedure concerning all the questions asked except Q2 and Q7 that dealt with the presence of tingling sensation on the tongue and ability to continue with their usual diet after the dental procedure, respectively. Conclusion: There was only a transient change in a small proportion of patients in the lingual tactile and gustatory function after surgical extraction of mandibular molars, which was self-limiting and resolved by one month postoperatively.
{"title":"Patients’ perception of gustatory changes after lower molar extractions","authors":"Tasneem Sakinatul Ain, Usha Balan, Atheer Mohammed Al-Muteb, Areej Ayed Al Sanad, Shugufta Mir, S. N C","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.1093","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Gustatory changes in the form of loss of taste or alteration of taste or lingual paresthesia are often encountered post-extraction of molar teeth. The aim of this study was to assess patients' perception of gustatory changes/taste alterations following lower molar extractions in female patients attending the OPD (dentistry-clinics) at College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: Thirty consecutive new female adult patients indicated for extraction due to grossly decayed mandibular molars between the age of 19-45 were included in the study. These patients were evaluated using a self-administered interview to assess the lingual tactile and gustatory function impairments immediately after surgical procedures/extraction involving the lower molar region. They were re-evaluated seven days and one month after the surgical procedure. ANOVA for repeated measures was used to assess the statistical difference between patient responses at baseline (before the procedure), seven days, and one month after the surgical procedure. Tukey HSD post hoc multiple comparisons were made to find the group that is significantly different from others. \u0000 \u0000Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the responses at baseline, seven days, and one month after the surgical procedure concerning all the questions asked except Q2 and Q7 that dealt with the presence of tingling sensation on the tongue and ability to continue with their usual diet after the dental procedure, respectively.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: There was only a transient change in a small proportion of patients in the lingual tactile and gustatory function after surgical extraction of mandibular molars, which was self-limiting and resolved by one month postoperatively.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Antioxidants are frequently used as active ingredients in anti-aging supplements with the intention of preserving health and preventing diseases. However, recent research has concentrated on conventional therapies that have a long history of successfully treating several diseases. C. papaya is a good alternative and exhibits significant antioxidant, diuretic, antihyperglycemic, anticancer, analgesic, and depressive properties from a key plant constituent. In this study, total phenolic content, and antioxidant potential of raw and ripe Carica papaya were examined. Materials and Methods: C. Samples of raw and ripe Carica papaya were collected from the local market of Dehradun. Dried powder and fresh pulp of the raw and ripe Carica papaya was individually subjected to phytochemical test principles. Total phenolic contents were estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu and antioxidant potential using DPPH and ferric chloride reducing power assay method. Results: The fresh pulp and powder of ripe Carica papaya showed high content of phenolics in fresh ripe pulp, fresh raw pulp, dried ripe powder and raw dried powder as 200, 195,185 7 mg/100 g respectively with an antioxidant activity DPPH radical scavenging activity, 80.2, and 75. .76.4 and 74.5 respectively which is comparable to butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and diphenhydramine (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Conclusion: The fresh pulp and powder of ripe Carica papaya showed wide antioxidant activity (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Hence, it can be effectively used as an organic substitute for chemical compounds (BHA, BHT) which have a lot of harmful side effects. Moreover, phytochemical studies of Carica papaya have shown the presence of phenolic compounds well justified by estimation of content which are responsible for its potent antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Studies on antioxidant potential and total phenolic contents of dried powder and pulp of raw and ripe Carica papaya fruit","authors":"M. Bhardwaj, B. Mahajan, Ankush Kumar, V. Parcha","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2361","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Antioxidants are frequently used as active ingredients in anti-aging supplements with the intention of preserving health and preventing diseases. However, recent research has concentrated on conventional therapies that have a long history of successfully treating several diseases. C. papaya is a good alternative and exhibits significant antioxidant, diuretic, antihyperglycemic, anticancer, analgesic, and depressive properties from a key plant constituent. In this study, total phenolic content, and antioxidant potential of raw and ripe Carica papaya were examined.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: C. Samples of raw and ripe Carica papaya were collected from the local market of Dehradun. Dried powder and fresh pulp of the raw and ripe Carica papaya was individually subjected to phytochemical test principles. Total phenolic contents were estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu and antioxidant potential using DPPH and ferric chloride reducing power assay method.\u0000 \u0000Results: The fresh pulp and powder of ripe Carica papaya showed high content of phenolics in fresh ripe pulp, fresh raw pulp, dried ripe powder and raw dried powder as 200, 195,185 7 mg/100 g respectively with an antioxidant activity DPPH radical scavenging activity, 80.2, and 75. .76.4 and 74.5 respectively which is comparable to butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and diphenhydramine (DPPH) radical scavenging activity.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The fresh pulp and powder of ripe Carica papaya showed wide antioxidant activity (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Hence, it can be effectively used as an organic substitute for chemical compounds (BHA, BHT) which have a lot of harmful side effects. Moreover, phytochemical studies of Carica papaya have shown the presence of phenolic compounds well justified by estimation of content which are responsible for its potent antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43635370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulcerative keratitis (UK) is one of the most prevalent ocular diseases characterized by partial or total loss of vision. While contact lens wear is the primary risk factor of the UK in the young, compromised ocular immunity is responsible for it in the old age group. Early diagnosis and treatment help to bring about better results. Antimicrobial therapy remains the mainstay of treatment in ulcerative keratitis, whereas adjunctive topical corticosteroid therapy remains a matter of debate. The UK signs and symptoms match that of Savrana Shukra mentioned in the Ayurvedic texts. We present the case of a 72-year-old male admitted for redness and blurred vision in the right eye, associated with ocular pain, tearing, and photophobia. We diagnosed the case as Savrana Shukra. He underwent Ayurvedic therapy in the form of internal medicines such as Amritotaram Kashaya, Manjistadi kashaya, Kaisora Guggulu and Pratimarsha Nasya with Anu tailam. He also underwent treatments such as Jalokavacharana, Netra Seka, Vidalaka and Anjana karma. After a month of treatment, the corneal ulcer healed completely and thinned down the scar on the cornea. His visual acuity improved from 6/60B to 6/6 in the affected eye. Ayurvedic treatment was effective in completely healing the corneal ulcer and controlling the active inflammation, thereby improving vision. However, more extensive studies with larger samples will yield more data to prove the potential of Ayurveda in such cases.
{"title":"An ayurvedic approach to a case of ulcerative keratitis (Savrana Shukra)","authors":"S. K","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2327","url":null,"abstract":"Ulcerative keratitis (UK) is one of the most prevalent ocular diseases characterized by partial or total loss of vision. While contact lens wear is the primary risk factor of the UK in the young, compromised ocular immunity is responsible for it in the old age group. Early diagnosis and treatment help to bring about better results. Antimicrobial therapy remains the mainstay of treatment in ulcerative keratitis, whereas adjunctive topical corticosteroid therapy remains a matter of debate. The UK signs and symptoms match that of Savrana Shukra mentioned in the Ayurvedic texts. We present the case of a 72-year-old male admitted for redness and blurred vision in the right eye, associated with ocular pain, tearing, and photophobia. We diagnosed the case as Savrana Shukra. He underwent Ayurvedic therapy in the form of internal medicines such as Amritotaram Kashaya, Manjistadi kashaya, Kaisora Guggulu and Pratimarsha Nasya with Anu tailam. He also underwent treatments such as Jalokavacharana, Netra Seka, Vidalaka and Anjana karma. After a month of treatment, the corneal ulcer healed completely and thinned down the scar on the cornea. His visual acuity improved from 6/60B to 6/6 in the affected eye. Ayurvedic treatment was effective in completely healing the corneal ulcer and controlling the active inflammation, thereby improving vision. However, more extensive studies with larger samples will yield more data to prove the potential of Ayurveda in such cases.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42427151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Male infertility is a complicated multifactorial pathological disease with widely disparate symptoms, ranging from the complete lack of spermatozoa to alterations in sperm quality. Genetic factors account for at least 15% of male infertility. An increasing number of gene polymorphisms have been proposed to alter the efficacy of spermatogenesis based on association studies. The goal of this study is to investigate whether the genotype of the FSHR gene associated SNP rs6166 is associated with Iraqi men's risk for oligoasthenozoospermia. Materials and Methods: SNP rs6166 was genotyped by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Results: In accordance with FSHR genes rs6166 G>A (Ser 680Asn) SNP, the frequency of homozygous AA in fertile men was significantly lower than in oligoasthenozoospermic patients. By contrast, there was a notable increase in the occurrence of homozygous GG genotype among fertile males when compared to those diagnosed with oligoasthenozoospermia. There were no statistically significant variations in the frequency percentage of heterozygous GA genotypes between the group of fertile male participants and the group of oligoasthenozoospermic patients. Conclusion: The results showed a significant decrease in testosterone concentration in oligoasthenozoospermic patients. The FSHR rs6166 polymorphism (AA) was found to contribute to individual susceptibility to oligoasthenozoospermia in a group of Iraqi patients.
{"title":"The association of FSHR gene polymorphism (rs6166) with the risk of oligoasthenozoospermia incidence in Iraqi patients","authors":"Nada N. Kadhum, Ismail A. Abdul Hassan","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2683","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Male infertility is a complicated multifactorial pathological disease with widely disparate symptoms, ranging from the complete lack of spermatozoa to alterations in sperm quality. Genetic factors account for at least 15% of male infertility. An increasing number of gene polymorphisms have been proposed to alter the efficacy of spermatogenesis based on association studies. The goal of this study is to investigate whether the genotype of the FSHR gene associated SNP rs6166 is associated with Iraqi men's risk for oligoasthenozoospermia.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: SNP rs6166 was genotyped by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).\u0000 \u0000Results: In accordance with FSHR genes rs6166 G>A (Ser 680Asn) SNP, the frequency of homozygous AA in fertile men was significantly lower than in oligoasthenozoospermic patients. By contrast, there was a notable increase in the occurrence of homozygous GG genotype among fertile males when compared to those diagnosed with oligoasthenozoospermia. There were no statistically significant variations in the frequency percentage of heterozygous GA genotypes between the group of fertile male participants and the group of oligoasthenozoospermic patients.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The results showed a significant decrease in testosterone concentration in oligoasthenozoospermic patients. The FSHR rs6166 polymorphism (AA) was found to contribute to individual susceptibility to oligoasthenozoospermia in a group of Iraqi patients.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43564874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salah Aldeen Ahmed Naji Ismail, R. Mahmood, Haseebur Rahman
Introduction and Aim: Solanum pubescens is one of the very well-known traditional medicinal plants it has been widely used in the treatment of many inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of S. pubescens fruit. Materials and Methods: Anti-inflammatory activities of S. pubescens fruit extracts at different concentrations (100-200 mg/kg) were carried out using carrageenan-induced and cotton implant-induced granuloma methods. Results: The results of the carrageenan-induced paw edema study reveals the highest activity of fruit upper ethanolic (FUEE) extract at 200 mg/kg, with 64.84% followed by water (FEW), and fruit lower ethanolic extracts (FLEE). The protein and IL-6 evaluation in this experiment showed very promising results. Whereas the cellular toxicity was evaluated in terms of LPO, MPO and nitric oxide analysis which in turn showed harmless nature of extracts. Furthermore, assessment of proliferative phase of inflammation was done in rats using a cotton pellet-induced granuloma model, where FUEE at 100 mg/kg showed 32.5±2.73 mg, 200 mg/kg 25.3±2.36 mg of dry weight of granuloma, compared to the standard indomethacin activity 1.4±3.45 mg. Moreover, the hematological parameters of treated animals reveals that the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of FUEE 4.88± 0.18 mm/hr at 200 mg/kg was the least and almost equal to the standard. Conclusion: It can be said that S. pubescens is no doubt a very good source of phytomedicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, with most of the valuable phytoconstituents concerned with the anti-inflammation assembled in the fruit upper ethanolic extracts as this extract showed excellent activity in both the carrageenan and cotton pellet models.
{"title":"Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory potential of Solanum pubescens fruit extract","authors":"Salah Aldeen Ahmed Naji Ismail, R. Mahmood, Haseebur Rahman","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2687","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Solanum pubescens is one of the very well-known traditional medicinal plants it has been widely used in the treatment of many inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of S. pubescens fruit.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: Anti-inflammatory activities of S. pubescens fruit extracts at different concentrations (100-200 mg/kg) were carried out using carrageenan-induced and cotton implant-induced granuloma methods.\u0000 \u0000Results: The results of the carrageenan-induced paw edema study reveals the highest activity of fruit upper ethanolic (FUEE) extract at 200 mg/kg, with 64.84% followed by water (FEW), and fruit lower ethanolic extracts (FLEE). The protein and IL-6 evaluation in this experiment showed very promising results. Whereas the cellular toxicity was evaluated in terms of LPO, MPO and nitric oxide analysis which in turn showed harmless nature of extracts. Furthermore, assessment of proliferative phase of inflammation was done in rats using a cotton pellet-induced granuloma model, where FUEE at 100 mg/kg showed 32.5±2.73 mg, 200 mg/kg 25.3±2.36 mg of dry weight of granuloma, compared to the standard indomethacin activity 1.4±3.45 mg. Moreover, the hematological parameters of treated animals reveals that the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of FUEE 4.88± 0.18 mm/hr at 200 mg/kg was the least and almost equal to the standard.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: It can be said that S. pubescens is no doubt a very good source of phytomedicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, with most of the valuable phytoconstituents concerned with the anti-inflammation assembled in the fruit upper ethanolic extracts as this extract showed excellent activity in both the carrageenan and cotton pellet models.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42708793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kalesh M. Karun, Amitha Puranik, Lintu M. K., D. M. S.
Introduction and Aim: Pneumonia is a common and serious illness among the elderly. Early identification of the risk factors for pneumonia is essential for improving the survival outcomes among elderly. The present study aimed to identify an optimal regression approach to determine the risk factors for pneumonia among elderly patients. Materials and Methods: The present study utilized data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC III) to evaluate the use of alternative generalized linear models to identify the risk factors for pneumonia. The regression model with the smallest AIC, BIC and SE was considered as the appropriate regression model for the data. Robust Poisson model was considered the best fit for the current data as it had the lowest AIC, BIC and standard error compared to other regression models. Results: Variables such as BMI, renal failure, hypertension, diabetes and asthma were identified as the significant risk factors for pneumonia. The risk of pneumonia was found to be significantly higher in the underweight category of BMI [RRadj=1.70; 95% CI=1.38, 2.08]; diabetic patients [RRadj =1.29; 95% CI=1.03, 1.61); asthmatic patients [RRadj =1.35; 95% CI=1.15, 1.58] and patients with renal failure [RRadj =1.16; 95% CI= 1.05, 1.29]. Conclusion: Among various binary regression models, Poisson regression with robust variance (sandwich Poisson regression) provided unbiased estimates of the relationship. In the present study, variables such as BMI, renal failure, diabetics, hypertension and asthma were identified as the significant risk factors for pneumonia in the elderly using robust Poisson regression.
{"title":"Risk factors of pneumonia among elderly with robust Poisson regression - A study on mimic III data","authors":"Kalesh M. Karun, Amitha Puranik, Lintu M. K., D. M. S.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2250","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Pneumonia is a common and serious illness among the elderly. Early identification of the risk factors for pneumonia is essential for improving the survival outcomes among elderly. The present study aimed to identify an optimal regression approach to determine the risk factors for pneumonia among elderly patients.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: The present study utilized data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC III) to evaluate the use of alternative generalized linear models to identify the risk factors for pneumonia. The regression model with the smallest AIC, BIC and SE was considered as the appropriate regression model for the data. Robust Poisson model was considered the best fit for the current data as it had the lowest AIC, BIC and standard error compared to other regression models.\u0000 \u0000Results: Variables such as BMI, renal failure, hypertension, diabetes and asthma were identified as the significant risk factors for pneumonia. The risk of pneumonia was found to be significantly higher in the underweight category of BMI [RRadj=1.70; 95% CI=1.38, 2.08]; diabetic patients [RRadj =1.29; 95% CI=1.03, 1.61); asthmatic patients [RRadj =1.35; 95% CI=1.15, 1.58] and patients with renal failure [RRadj =1.16; 95% CI= 1.05, 1.29].\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Among various binary regression models, Poisson regression with robust variance (sandwich Poisson regression) provided unbiased estimates of the relationship. In the present study, variables such as BMI, renal failure, diabetics, hypertension and asthma were identified as the significant risk factors for pneumonia in the elderly using robust Poisson regression.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44497380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive ailment caused due to mutations in the GBA1 gene, encoding for the lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase. The aim was to evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and molecular parameters associated with this disease, as well as to identify symptoms and covariables thought to be most diagnostic of early GD presentation, allowing for early diagnosis and management. Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved twenty-six patients diagnosed with GD at the Metabolic Department of Central Child Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. Diagnosis depended mainly on history and physical examination and confirmed by beta-glucosidase enzyme assay of dry blood spot on filter paper and Lyso-GL-1 level. Amplification-based next generation sequencing approach was used in investigating the GBA1 gene at the molecular level. Results: The mean age of the 26 (17 male and 9 female) patients was 9.13 years, with 100% consanguinity and 50% positive family history. The average number of years from the start of clinical manifestations to the diagnosis' validation was 3.82 years. The original age of presentation was 2.83 years, and the initial age of diagnosis was 6.65 years. Hepatosplenomegaly (85%), pallor (88%), splenomegaly (12%), splenectomy (12%), hemorrhage (19%), bone discomfort (23%), bone breakage (12%), and GD type III (19%) were observed. Among patients 65% exhibited radiological bone abnormalities, 54% had Erlenmeyer flask deformity, and 1.5% had osteopenia and fracture. Studies of GBA1 gene showed the mutation C.[1448T>c ](P.[ Leu483Pro] to be the most common. Hepatosplenomegaly and hematological deficiencies were effectively improved by enzyme replacement therapy. Conclusion: In Gaucher disease, GBA1 gene mutation analysis could provide some predictive information about disease variance as well as severity. PCV%, platelet count, ferritin, and lyso-GL-1 levels could be employed as biomarkers for the diagnosis of GD. ERT proved effective in treating hematological and hepatosplenomegaly abnormalities.
{"title":"A reappraisal of Gaucher disease patients - Clinical presentation, and diagnosis in rare disease unit of central child teaching hospital in Baghdad province","authors":"Ikhlas Ali Ahmed, Alaa Abbas Fadhel","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2700","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive ailment caused due to mutations in the GBA1 gene, encoding for the lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase. The aim was to evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and molecular parameters associated with this disease, as well as to identify symptoms and covariables thought to be most diagnostic of early GD presentation, allowing for early diagnosis and management.\u0000 \u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved twenty-six patients diagnosed with GD at the Metabolic Department of Central Child Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. Diagnosis depended mainly on history and physical examination and confirmed by beta-glucosidase enzyme assay of dry blood spot on filter paper and Lyso-GL-1 level. Amplification-based next generation sequencing approach was used in investigating the GBA1 gene at the molecular level.\u0000 \u0000Results: The mean age of the 26 (17 male and 9 female) patients was 9.13 years, with 100% consanguinity and 50% positive family history. The average number of years from the start of clinical manifestations to the diagnosis' validation was 3.82 years. The original age of presentation was 2.83 years, and the initial age of diagnosis was 6.65 years. Hepatosplenomegaly (85%), pallor (88%), splenomegaly (12%), splenectomy (12%), hemorrhage (19%), bone discomfort (23%), bone breakage (12%), and GD type III (19%) were observed. Among patients 65% exhibited radiological bone abnormalities, 54% had Erlenmeyer flask deformity, and 1.5% had osteopenia and fracture. Studies of GBA1 gene showed the mutation C.[1448T>c ](P.[ Leu483Pro] to be the most common. Hepatosplenomegaly and hematological deficiencies were effectively improved by enzyme replacement therapy.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: In Gaucher disease, GBA1 gene mutation analysis could provide some predictive information about disease variance as well as severity. PCV%, platelet count, ferritin, and lyso-GL-1 levels could be employed as biomarkers for the diagnosis of GD. ERT proved effective in treating hematological and hepatosplenomegaly abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44142048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajkumar S. Meti, Neelagund S. E., Deepadarshan Urs, Dharmappa K. K., Kotresh K. R.
Introduction and Aim: Worldwide, mosquitoes are the main vectors of many deadly diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, etc., Anopheles stephensi mosquito which transmits malaria whereas dengue is transmitted mainly by mosquito Aedes aegypti. Current controlling methods such as chemical or microbial pesticides, repellents, biological control agents against mosquito larvae are not so effective. The leading cause of death worldwide is cancer. Nanotechnology can provide alternative effective methods for malaria, dengue and cancer control, diagnosis and treatment. This study investigated the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Acacia sinuata seed extract and their mosquito larvicidal potential was tested against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi larvae. The cytotoxic activity of NPs was also analyzed against human cancer cell lines osteosarcoma (MG-63) and colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2). Materials and Methods: The biosynthesized NPs were confirmed and characterized by conventional techniques UV- visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, HR-TEM, EDX and SAED. Results: The XRD demonstrated the NPs were face-centred, cubic, and crystalline in nature, EDX study confirmed elemental analysis of gold, SAED illustrated the crystalline nature. The HR-TEM studies revealed NPs shape which were mostly spherical and average size of 5.38nm-8.86nm. Third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, were susceptible to the larvicidal effects of AuNPs. The synthesized NPs showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against the Caco-2 and MG-63 cell lines, with IC50 (inhibitory concentrations) of 21.31± 0.15 ug/ml and 86.78± 0.23 ug/ml, respectively. Conclusion: These findings reveal that biosynthesized AuNPs have substantial larvicidal and anticancer properties, suggesting they could be used in mosquito control and cancer treatment.
{"title":"Biosynthesis, mosquito larvicidal potential, and anticancer activities of gold nanoparticles from Acacia sinuata seed extract","authors":"Rajkumar S. Meti, Neelagund S. E., Deepadarshan Urs, Dharmappa K. K., Kotresh K. R.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2706","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Worldwide, mosquitoes are the main vectors of many deadly diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, etc., Anopheles stephensi mosquito which transmits malaria whereas dengue is transmitted mainly by mosquito Aedes aegypti. Current controlling methods such as chemical or microbial pesticides, repellents, biological control agents against mosquito larvae are not so effective. The leading cause of death worldwide is cancer. Nanotechnology can provide alternative effective methods for malaria, dengue and cancer control, diagnosis and treatment. This study investigated the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Acacia sinuata seed extract and their mosquito larvicidal potential was tested against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi larvae. The cytotoxic activity of NPs was also analyzed against human cancer cell lines osteosarcoma (MG-63) and colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2).\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: The biosynthesized NPs were confirmed and characterized by conventional techniques UV- visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, HR-TEM, EDX and SAED.\u0000 \u0000Results: The XRD demonstrated the NPs were face-centred, cubic, and crystalline in nature, EDX study confirmed elemental analysis of gold, SAED illustrated the crystalline nature. The HR-TEM studies revealed NPs shape which were mostly spherical and average size of 5.38nm-8.86nm. Third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, were susceptible to the larvicidal effects of AuNPs. The synthesized NPs showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against the Caco-2 and MG-63 cell lines, with IC50 (inhibitory concentrations) of 21.31± 0.15 ug/ml and 86.78± 0.23 ug/ml, respectively.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: These findings reveal that biosynthesized AuNPs have substantial larvicidal and anticancer properties, suggesting they could be used in mosquito control and cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42279260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graceum) is extensively cultivated in several Asian nations. The leaves and seeds of this plant are well recognized for their potential against diabetes, some cancers and imparting immunity. They are often employed as adhesives and emulsifying agents. Polysaccharides can be found in abundance in fenugreek seeds. Galactomannan, a water-soluble polysaccharide, efficiently reduces the surface tension and increases the viscosity of liquids. Materials and Methods: In this study, a simple method for extracting as well as purifying galactomannan was developed. It was produced from fenugreek plant's seeds and purified by centrifugation and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) spirit precipitation methods. Results: The presence of carbohydrates by Molisch test and an absence of reducing sugar by Fehling’s test was revealed. The pH of the purified galactomannan was 6.37, and its foaming capability was 14.28 %. The Galactomannan gum was found to possess 81 % emulsifying capacity. It revealed that the capacity to hold water was 1480% and the ability to hold oil was 268%. Conclusion: In contrast to guar gum as well as the locust bean gum which are employed in various industries as thickeners, emulsifiers and stabilizers, galactomannan, produced in this study, is an effective and affordable method of stabilizing and emulsifying various products.
{"title":"Extraction, purification and assessment of galactomannan from fenugreek seeds","authors":"Jahnavi Teekanam, Shantkriti Srinivasan, Pavithra Uthayasooriyan, Usharani Subbiah, B. Govindasamy, Murugan Athiappan","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2545","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graceum) is extensively cultivated in several Asian nations. The leaves and seeds of this plant are well recognized for their potential against diabetes, some cancers and imparting immunity. They are often employed as adhesives and emulsifying agents. Polysaccharides can be found in abundance in fenugreek seeds. Galactomannan, a water-soluble polysaccharide, efficiently reduces the surface tension and increases the viscosity of liquids.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: In this study, a simple method for extracting as well as purifying galactomannan was developed. It was produced from fenugreek plant's seeds and purified by centrifugation and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) spirit precipitation methods.\u0000 \u0000Results: The presence of carbohydrates by Molisch test and an absence of reducing sugar by Fehling’s test was revealed. The pH of the purified galactomannan was 6.37, and its foaming capability was 14.28 %. The Galactomannan gum was found to possess 81 % emulsifying capacity. It revealed that the capacity to hold water was 1480% and the ability to hold oil was 268%.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: In contrast to guar gum as well as the locust bean gum which are employed in various industries as thickeners, emulsifiers and stabilizers, galactomannan, produced in this study, is an effective and affordable method of stabilizing and emulsifying various products.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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