The aims of this study were to explore: 1) the relative age effect (RAE) on aiming and catching (A&C), balance (Bal) and manual dexterity (MD) skills in 4-6-year-old schoolchildren; 2) the effect of the balance bikes program intervention; 3) the effect of this program based on gender. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was administered to 50 schoolchildren [26 boys (52%) and 24 girls (48%)], aged between 4 and 5 years (M = 4.46 ; SD = 0.503), from an educational centre in Galicia (Spain), at the beginning and at the end of the intervention program. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences before the application of the intervention program with respect to the quarter of birth in MD (p = .013); A&C (p = .02) and TTS (p < .001) but not in Bal (p = .137). After the intervention, it is observed that the previous differences disappear [MD (p = .755); A&C (p = .806); TTS (p = .507)], in addition, all scores are better than before the application of the intervention program. Regarding gender, no statistically significant effect is observed either before or after applying the intervention program on the variables studied. The results obtained suggest that the application of an intervention using balance bikes could positively influence the improvement of MC in preschool children (boys and girls) and reduce the differences produced by the RAE.
{"title":"Modification of the relative age effect on 4-6-year-old schoolchildren’s motor competence after an intervention with balance bike","authors":"Rubén Navarro-Patón, Fabián Canosa-Pasantes, Marcos Mecías-Calvo, Víctor Arufe-Giráldez","doi":"10.55860/zan2tf22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/zan2tf22","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study were to explore: 1) the relative age effect (RAE) on aiming and catching (A&C), balance (Bal) and manual dexterity (MD) skills in 4-6-year-old schoolchildren; 2) the effect of the balance bikes program intervention; 3) the effect of this program based on gender. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was administered to 50 schoolchildren [26 boys (52%) and 24 girls (48%)], aged between 4 and 5 years (M = 4.46 ; SD = 0.503), from an educational centre in Galicia (Spain), at the beginning and at the end of the intervention program. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences before the application of the intervention program with respect to the quarter of birth in MD (p = .013); A&C (p = .02) and TTS (p < .001) but not in Bal (p = .137). After the intervention, it is observed that the previous differences disappear [MD (p = .755); A&C (p = .806); TTS (p = .507)], in addition, all scores are better than before the application of the intervention program. Regarding gender, no statistically significant effect is observed either before or after applying the intervention program on the variables studied. The results obtained suggest that the application of an intervention using balance bikes could positively influence the improvement of MC in preschool children (boys and girls) and reduce the differences produced by the RAE.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asbah Faisal, Mabel Waqar, Tatheer Fatima, Meha Fatima Aftab, Muhammad Athar Khan
Background. Quick decision making capability is critical for handling critical situation. Intuitive decision making is most desirable for situations requiring quick and heedful decisions. Decision making, just like other cognitive skills can be modified through several factors like physical activity. In this study we aim to decipher the effects of high-intensity treadmill-based exercise on intuitive ability. Methods. A prospective cohort design with convenience sampling with a sample of 80 participants from various gym centres. Following ethical approval and informed consent, participants were divided in to either no exercise (NE) (n = 38) condition or treadmill-based exercise (TBE) group (n = 42). Data on socio-demographic characters, self-reported mental health history and IDM scores were obtained. Data were obtained at baseline and after 34 sessions of treadmill-based exercise for TBE and 12 weeks of normal physical activity for NE group. Mixed-factor ANOVA, paired t-test and regression analysis was used utilizing SPSS version 21. Results. A significant improvement in IDM scores was observed in TBE group after 34 exercise sessions as compared to NE group (p < .01). A significant interaction of time points and group was also revealed through mixed-factor ANOVA (p < .01). Socio-demographic characters and mental health history had no significant impact on IDM scores. Chi-square analysis of the IDM sub-categories showed a significant increase in intuitive decision making individuals in the TBE group post intervention (p < .01). Conclusion. Exercise training can be used as a potential training tool for improving decision making outcomes in critical settings.
{"title":"Effect of three months high-intensity anaerobic treadmill-based exercise on intuitive decision-making capability","authors":"Asbah Faisal, Mabel Waqar, Tatheer Fatima, Meha Fatima Aftab, Muhammad Athar Khan","doi":"10.55860/6fm4sk70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/6fm4sk70","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Quick decision making capability is critical for handling critical situation. Intuitive decision making is most desirable for situations requiring quick and heedful decisions. Decision making, just like other cognitive skills can be modified through several factors like physical activity. In this study we aim to decipher the effects of high-intensity treadmill-based exercise on intuitive ability. Methods. A prospective cohort design with convenience sampling with a sample of 80 participants from various gym centres. Following ethical approval and informed consent, participants were divided in to either no exercise (NE) (n = 38) condition or treadmill-based exercise (TBE) group (n = 42). Data on socio-demographic characters, self-reported mental health history and IDM scores were obtained. Data were obtained at baseline and after 34 sessions of treadmill-based exercise for TBE and 12 weeks of normal physical activity for NE group. Mixed-factor ANOVA, paired t-test and regression analysis was used utilizing SPSS version 21. Results. A significant improvement in IDM scores was observed in TBE group after 34 exercise sessions as compared to NE group (p < .01). A significant interaction of time points and group was also revealed through mixed-factor ANOVA (p < .01). Socio-demographic characters and mental health history had no significant impact on IDM scores. Chi-square analysis of the IDM sub-categories showed a significant increase in intuitive decision making individuals in the TBE group post intervention (p < .01). Conclusion. Exercise training can be used as a potential training tool for improving decision making outcomes in critical settings.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140666691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cardiovascular risk, which is partly due to autonomic dysfunction and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness. This study examines the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in T2DM patients to understand their interconnected impacts on autonomic and aerobic functions. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 77 T2DM patients underwent HRV and VO2max assessments using standard protocols. HRV metrics were analysed in conjunction with VO2max, measured through direct breath-by-breath analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationships between HRV indices and VO2max. Results: VO2max showed strong positive correlations with RMSSD (r = 0.89, p < .001), HF (r = 0.54, p < .001), and pNN50% (r = 0.52, p < .001), indicating higher parasympathetic activity with improved cardiorespiratory fitness. Negative correlations with LF (r = -0.60, p < .001) and the LF/HF ratio (r = -0.39, p < .001) suggested that better fitness levels lead to sympathetic withdrawal and a more favourable autonomic balance. Moderate positive correlations with SDNN (r = 0.46, p < .001) and TP (r = 0.58, p < .001) further suggested that overall autonomic modulation is enhanced with increased cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion: This study substantiates a significant correlation between HRV and VO2max in individuals with T2DM, highlighting the intricate relationship between autonomic function and aerobic capacity. These findings suggest that enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness may improve autonomic balance, offering potential avenues for mitigating cardiovascular risk in the T2DM population.
{"title":"Association between heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Saima Zaki, Farhan Alam, Mohammad Faizan, Saurabh Sharma, Irshad Husain Naqvi","doi":"10.55860/eazehg56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/eazehg56","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cardiovascular risk, which is partly due to autonomic dysfunction and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness. This study examines the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in T2DM patients to understand their interconnected impacts on autonomic and aerobic functions. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 77 T2DM patients underwent HRV and VO2max assessments using standard protocols. HRV metrics were analysed in conjunction with VO2max, measured through direct breath-by-breath analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationships between HRV indices and VO2max. Results: VO2max showed strong positive correlations with RMSSD (r = 0.89, p < .001), HF (r = 0.54, p < .001), and pNN50% (r = 0.52, p < .001), indicating higher parasympathetic activity with improved cardiorespiratory fitness. Negative correlations with LF (r = -0.60, p < .001) and the LF/HF ratio (r = -0.39, p < .001) suggested that better fitness levels lead to sympathetic withdrawal and a more favourable autonomic balance. Moderate positive correlations with SDNN (r = 0.46, p < .001) and TP (r = 0.58, p < .001) further suggested that overall autonomic modulation is enhanced with increased cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion: This study substantiates a significant correlation between HRV and VO2max in individuals with T2DM, highlighting the intricate relationship between autonomic function and aerobic capacity. These findings suggest that enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness may improve autonomic balance, offering potential avenues for mitigating cardiovascular risk in the T2DM population.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to compare the impact of warm-up with dynamic stretching (DS), warm-up with foam roller (FR), and warm-up with a combination of FR and DS (CO) on the performance of movement indicators in tests conducted on young volleyball players (n = 8, age = 15.4 ± 0.5 years, height = 176.3 ± 8.6 cm, weight = 64.5 ± 10.9 kg) during the competition year 2021/2022. To assess the effects of warm-up methods (DS, FR, CO), performance in various movement tests was compared. The tests included the sit and reach test (SR), a 1 kg ball throw in a kneeling position (H1), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), sit-up test (SU), E-Test (ET), and run to cones (RC). The One-way ANOVA analysis did not reveal significant differences in the effects of DS, FR, and CO warm-ups (p > .05) across all investigated indicators. The effect size coefficient (η2) indicated negligible differences (η2 < 0.01), except for the ET indicator, where a small effect size (η2 = 0.028, 95%CI: 0.04-0.31) favoured DS. These findings carry social importance as they contribute to enhancing the efficacy of warm-up routines, both in sports performance and health considerations.
{"title":"Effects of different types of warm-ups on performance by young volleyball players","authors":"J. Popelka, Gabriel Bujdos, Pavol Pivovarniček","doi":"10.55860/pv7whd26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/pv7whd26","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to compare the impact of warm-up with dynamic stretching (DS), warm-up with foam roller (FR), and warm-up with a combination of FR and DS (CO) on the performance of movement indicators in tests conducted on young volleyball players (n = 8, age = 15.4 ± 0.5 years, height = 176.3 ± 8.6 cm, weight = 64.5 ± 10.9 kg) during the competition year 2021/2022. To assess the effects of warm-up methods (DS, FR, CO), performance in various movement tests was compared. The tests included the sit and reach test (SR), a 1 kg ball throw in a kneeling position (H1), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), sit-up test (SU), E-Test (ET), and run to cones (RC). The One-way ANOVA analysis did not reveal significant differences in the effects of DS, FR, and CO warm-ups (p > .05) across all investigated indicators. The effect size coefficient (η2) indicated negligible differences (η2 < 0.01), except for the ET indicator, where a small effect size (η2 = 0.028, 95%CI: 0.04-0.31) favoured DS. These findings carry social importance as they contribute to enhancing the efficacy of warm-up routines, both in sports performance and health considerations.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysing data from high-level matches soft tennis from elite players is something that coaches and athletes can use to improve their training and competition. The study aimed to compare the match workload action areas and analyse techniques between male and female soft tennis players in high-level competitions from soft tennis in 10 final matches. Data analysis of match workload, techniques, and action areas occur in matches performed using the Dartfish software. The data is analysed statistically, compared between males and females for match workload, and presented as percentages for each technique and action area. The results of the analysis showed that Rally time shots, Rally total time Work Density, and Percentage rally during the match of male players were significantly higher than those of female players, p ≤ .05. The Flat technique was used more at the competition (Male; Forehand 38.77% Backhand 39.19% and Female player, Forehand and Backhand are equal at 36.91%) with the correlation between both techniques being r = .0974. Slice and Lob techniques 3.00-10.08%, and Volley and Smash techniques used the least during matches. The playing area of all players will be at the Mid left, up to 31.99-41.10%. Fore right is the area with the least play, 1.97-3.21%. Data from the study shows that male players have a higher match workload than women. However, there are no differences in the use of techniques in the competition, including the playing action area. This result will help coaches and players practice and develop their abilities at a higher level.
{"title":"Comparing and analyzing elite soft tennis players","authors":"Nathapol Thongthanapat, Watunyou Khamros","doi":"10.55860/4pmqkk49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/4pmqkk49","url":null,"abstract":"Analysing data from high-level matches soft tennis from elite players is something that coaches and athletes can use to improve their training and competition. The study aimed to compare the match workload action areas and analyse techniques between male and female soft tennis players in high-level competitions from soft tennis in 10 final matches. Data analysis of match workload, techniques, and action areas occur in matches performed using the Dartfish software. The data is analysed statistically, compared between males and females for match workload, and presented as percentages for each technique and action area. The results of the analysis showed that Rally time shots, Rally total time Work Density, and Percentage rally during the match of male players were significantly higher than those of female players, p ≤ .05. The Flat technique was used more at the competition (Male; Forehand 38.77% Backhand 39.19% and Female player, Forehand and Backhand are equal at 36.91%) with the correlation between both techniques being r = .0974. Slice and Lob techniques 3.00-10.08%, and Volley and Smash techniques used the least during matches. The playing area of all players will be at the Mid left, up to 31.99-41.10%. Fore right is the area with the least play, 1.97-3.21%. Data from the study shows that male players have a higher match workload than women. However, there are no differences in the use of techniques in the competition, including the playing action area. This result will help coaches and players practice and develop their abilities at a higher level.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physical fitness, encompassing cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and body composition, is vital for health and well-being. Muscular fitness, in particular, is associated with decreased risks of depression, cognitive disorders, and metabolic disease. Despite various available tests to measure muscle strength, there is no consensus on the most effective test or combination of tests, and direct comparisons are scarce. This study evaluated the muscular fitness of 484 children aged 9-12 years (225 girls and 259 boys) through multiple tests, including standing broad jump (SBJ), push-ups, bent-arm hang (BAH), sit-ups, handgrip strength, back-leg dynamometry (back-leg), and medicine ball throw (MBT), to assess their correlation with anthropometric data. Our correlation analysis revealed strong relationships (r > 0.6) between handgrip and MBT, handgrip and back-leg, and MBT and back-leg. However, most correlations were weak or very weak, indicating that different aspects of muscle strength, as assessed by these tests, are largely independent and cannot be substituted for one another. This underscores the necessity of employing a variety of tests in the comprehensive assessment of muscular fitness, taking into account the unique predictive value of each.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of muscular fitness tests and their correlation with anthropometric data in children aged 9-12","authors":"P. Schlegel, A. Křehký","doi":"10.55860/zrme6w41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/zrme6w41","url":null,"abstract":"Physical fitness, encompassing cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and body composition, is vital for health and well-being. Muscular fitness, in particular, is associated with decreased risks of depression, cognitive disorders, and metabolic disease. Despite various available tests to measure muscle strength, there is no consensus on the most effective test or combination of tests, and direct comparisons are scarce. This study evaluated the muscular fitness of 484 children aged 9-12 years (225 girls and 259 boys) through multiple tests, including standing broad jump (SBJ), push-ups, bent-arm hang (BAH), sit-ups, handgrip strength, back-leg dynamometry (back-leg), and medicine ball throw (MBT), to assess their correlation with anthropometric data. Our correlation analysis revealed strong relationships (r > 0.6) between handgrip and MBT, handgrip and back-leg, and MBT and back-leg. However, most correlations were weak or very weak, indicating that different aspects of muscle strength, as assessed by these tests, are largely independent and cannot be substituted for one another. This underscores the necessity of employing a variety of tests in the comprehensive assessment of muscular fitness, taking into account the unique predictive value of each.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reza Seyedi, M. Tabben, Dušana Augustovičová, Peter Laird, Dacho Zhang, Ren Xiao Feng
This study primarily aimed to conduct an observational analysis of Olympic finalists’ performance to determine the patterns and characteristics of karate at the highest level of competition. Due to the need for a complete analytical system, we can use this study to create useful information about the planning process based on winning strategies. The research is based on an analysis of athletes who go to the final of the Tokyo Olympic Games. Thirty fights in the male competition were analysed. Prevalence, percentage frequency, and nonparametric tests were used (Fisher’s exact test, the likelihood ratio test, and Pearson’s chi-square test) for data analysis. Quantity indicators showed that male karate athletes tend to use upper limb karate techniques (53.70%) more than lower limb (35.65%) and a combination (upper and lower or lower and upper limb 10.65%). The difference in scoring by two tactical models of attack and counterattack was significant, and 69.2% of the points were scored by attacking. Moreover, the results suggest a predominant scoring technique using the Kisami-Tsuki model has the highest number of attacks. Considering these characteristics can provide important indicators for technical and tactical coaches and physical trainers to design special training conditions for their athletes.
{"title":"Identifying the technical and tactical characteristics of Olympic medallists in karate","authors":"Reza Seyedi, M. Tabben, Dušana Augustovičová, Peter Laird, Dacho Zhang, Ren Xiao Feng","doi":"10.55860/02y70160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/02y70160","url":null,"abstract":"This study primarily aimed to conduct an observational analysis of Olympic finalists’ performance to determine the patterns and characteristics of karate at the highest level of competition. Due to the need for a complete analytical system, we can use this study to create useful information about the planning process based on winning strategies. The research is based on an analysis of athletes who go to the final of the Tokyo Olympic Games. Thirty fights in the male competition were analysed. Prevalence, percentage frequency, and nonparametric tests were used (Fisher’s exact test, the likelihood ratio test, and Pearson’s chi-square test) for data analysis. Quantity indicators showed that male karate athletes tend to use upper limb karate techniques (53.70%) more than lower limb (35.65%) and a combination (upper and lower or lower and upper limb 10.65%). The difference in scoring by two tactical models of attack and counterattack was significant, and 69.2% of the points were scored by attacking. Moreover, the results suggest a predominant scoring technique using the Kisami-Tsuki model has the highest number of attacks. Considering these characteristics can provide important indicators for technical and tactical coaches and physical trainers to design special training conditions for their athletes.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tsung-Yu Huang, Joseph Hamill, Hsin Yang, Wen-Tzu Tang
Darts has evolved from a traditional pub room game to a professional sport. More and more people worldwide are participating in the sport of dart throwing. In order to enhance throwing performance, it is important to understand the mechanics of precise dart throwing techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the fine-tune control of joint kinematics with different vertical targets between different skill levels to understand how to increase the success rate and generate precise fine-tuning of the motor system. Eight advanced players and eight intermediate players participated in this study. A motion capture system measured the kinematic data of the arm during throwing. The results indicated a significant interaction in shoulder internal rotation velocity (p = .031) and elbow supination velocity (p = .047) between advanced and intermediate groups with the different vertical targets. When intermediate players threw darts at different vertical targets, changes in shoulder internal rotation velocity and elbow supination velocity were observed. Conversely, these phenomena were not present in the advanced group. Additionally, we found that dart accuracy or light weight throwing requires an more angle of elbow pronation and generate high angular velocity of wrist palmar flexion during the release process. Based on the findings of this study, these results could provide a reference guide for dart throwing to improve the throwing performance.
{"title":"Upper-limb joint kinematics analysis of accuracy dart throwing at different vertical targets between different level dart players","authors":"Tsung-Yu Huang, Joseph Hamill, Hsin Yang, Wen-Tzu Tang","doi":"10.55860/x54dcc14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/x54dcc14","url":null,"abstract":"Darts has evolved from a traditional pub room game to a professional sport. More and more people worldwide are participating in the sport of dart throwing. In order to enhance throwing performance, it is important to understand the mechanics of precise dart throwing techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the fine-tune control of joint kinematics with different vertical targets between different skill levels to understand how to increase the success rate and generate precise fine-tuning of the motor system. Eight advanced players and eight intermediate players participated in this study. A motion capture system measured the kinematic data of the arm during throwing. The results indicated a significant interaction in shoulder internal rotation velocity (p = .031) and elbow supination velocity (p = .047) between advanced and intermediate groups with the different vertical targets. When intermediate players threw darts at different vertical targets, changes in shoulder internal rotation velocity and elbow supination velocity were observed. Conversely, these phenomena were not present in the advanced group. Additionally, we found that dart accuracy or light weight throwing requires an more angle of elbow pronation and generate high angular velocity of wrist palmar flexion during the release process. Based on the findings of this study, these results could provide a reference guide for dart throwing to improve the throwing performance.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kei Maeda, Tadahiko Kato, Jun Mizushima, Mao Kuroda, Keigo Ohyama-Byun
The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships between female hammer throwers’ physical strength and their throwing performance and to create standard values corresponding to throwing distance. Eighty-two female hammer throwers, with the throwing distance ranging from 30.31 to 63.82 meters, participated in this study. The questionnaire was designed to collect data on physical strength. Pearson's product-rate correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between each item and the throwing distance. A single regression analysis was performed with each item which was significantly correlated to the throwing distance as the dependent variable and the throwing distance as the independent variable to estimate the standard values corresponding to throwing distance. The results showed that all physical strength variables, except for 30 m sprint, were significantly correlated with the throwing distance, with weight training variables having the higher correlation coefficients. In addition, standard values corresponding to throwing distance were obtained using a single regression analysis.
{"title":"Relationships between throwing distance and physical strength in female hammer throw: Estimating physical strength requirement corresponding to throwing distance","authors":"Kei Maeda, Tadahiko Kato, Jun Mizushima, Mao Kuroda, Keigo Ohyama-Byun","doi":"10.55860/p3jhhb27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/p3jhhb27","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships between female hammer throwers’ physical strength and their throwing performance and to create standard values corresponding to throwing distance. Eighty-two female hammer throwers, with the throwing distance ranging from 30.31 to 63.82 meters, participated in this study. The questionnaire was designed to collect data on physical strength. Pearson's product-rate correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between each item and the throwing distance. A single regression analysis was performed with each item which was significantly correlated to the throwing distance as the dependent variable and the throwing distance as the independent variable to estimate the standard values corresponding to throwing distance. The results showed that all physical strength variables, except for 30 m sprint, were significantly correlated with the throwing distance, with weight training variables having the higher correlation coefficients. In addition, standard values corresponding to throwing distance were obtained using a single regression analysis.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140735205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived social support is related to self-esteem and the type of sport performed by elite female athletes. 243 Spanish elite female athletes completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results show that the greatest social support for high-performance sportswomen is family. The social support of the family and the group of friends has an impact on their self-esteem. Athletes who practice team sports versus those who practice individual sports have higher self-esteem and perceive friends as their main social support. In addition, family social support predicts self-esteem.
{"title":"Examining social support and self-esteem in high-performance sportswomen in Spain","authors":"Iago Portela-Pino, Millán Brea-Castro, Myriam Alvariñas-Villaverde","doi":"10.55860/c0phrs08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/c0phrs08","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived social support is related to self-esteem and the type of sport performed by elite female athletes. 243 Spanish elite female athletes completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results show that the greatest social support for high-performance sportswomen is family. The social support of the family and the group of friends has an impact on their self-esteem. Athletes who practice team sports versus those who practice individual sports have higher self-esteem and perceive friends as their main social support. In addition, family social support predicts self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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