Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.12
B. Gasser, R. Vogel, J. Wehrlin
Introduction. Maximum performance can only be achieved with an optimal balance of training and recovery. Already 15 years ago Jeukendrup & Hesselink (1994) mentioned that hints can be derived from lactate curves concerning a potential overreaching. In this small study we show the effects of a six-week standard infantry military training on performance capacity in young elite orienteers. The potentially induced overreaching and the ingoing alterations of heart rate patterns and lactate answers shall be analysed. Material & Methods. Five young elite orienteers (22.6 ± 0.52 years / 178.4 ± 7.6 cm / 66.4 ± 3.4 kg) completed an exhaustive treadmill test, first at one and a half year before, second at half a year before and third immediately after completing a six-week period of a session of a hard infantry military training. Results. After the six-week additional military training measurements of heart rate decreased at speed 10.8 km/h from 142.6 ± 11.6 to 129.2 ± 11.9 (p = .0192); at speed 12.6 km/h from 153.4 ± 11.4 to 141.2 ± 12.6 (p = .0192); at speed 14.4 km/h from 166.4 ± 10 to 155.4 ± 12.2 (p = .02); at speed 16.2 km/h from 177.4 ± 6.9 to 168.4 ± 6.5 (p = .0244); at speed 18 km/h from 186.2 ± 5.8 to 181.4 ± 3.6 (p = .0313) compared to the measurement half a year earlier. Discussion. We strongly believe that these lower average heart rates for submaximal speed stages cannot be assessed as positive in terms of performance but might be in accordance with a parasympathetic overreaching respectively parasympathetic stimulation. The increased parasympathetic tone probably required a correspondingly stronger sympathetic stimulus for activation, which, however, could not act as efficiently as after normal training conditions as athletes were not rested well yielding to a shift of the heart rate/performance curve in line with findings of Jeukendrup & Hesselink (1994) of lactate curve in cyclists already 15 years ago.
{"title":"Effects of a 6-week additional work on performance capacity: Hints for a parasympathic overtraining?","authors":"B. Gasser, R. Vogel, J. Wehrlin","doi":"10.14198/jhse.2022.173.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Maximum performance can only be achieved with an optimal balance of training and recovery. Already 15 years ago Jeukendrup & Hesselink (1994) mentioned that hints can be derived from lactate curves concerning a potential overreaching. In this small study we show the effects of a six-week standard infantry military training on performance capacity in young elite orienteers. The potentially induced overreaching and the ingoing alterations of heart rate patterns and lactate answers shall be analysed. Material & Methods. Five young elite orienteers (22.6 ± 0.52 years / 178.4 ± 7.6 cm / 66.4 ± 3.4 kg) completed an exhaustive treadmill test, first at one and a half year before, second at half a year before and third immediately after completing a six-week period of a session of a hard infantry military training. Results. After the six-week additional military training measurements of heart rate decreased at speed 10.8 km/h from 142.6 ± 11.6 to 129.2 ± 11.9 (p = .0192); at speed 12.6 km/h from 153.4 ± 11.4 to 141.2 ± 12.6 (p = .0192); at speed 14.4 km/h from 166.4 ± 10 to 155.4 ± 12.2 (p = .02); at speed 16.2 km/h from 177.4 ± 6.9 to 168.4 ± 6.5 (p = .0244); at speed 18 km/h from 186.2 ± 5.8 to 181.4 ± 3.6 (p = .0313) compared to the measurement half a year earlier. Discussion. We strongly believe that these lower average heart rates for submaximal speed stages cannot be assessed as positive in terms of performance but might be in accordance with a parasympathetic overreaching respectively parasympathetic stimulation. The increased parasympathetic tone probably required a correspondingly stronger sympathetic stimulus for activation, which, however, could not act as efficiently as after normal training conditions as athletes were not rested well yielding to a shift of the heart rate/performance curve in line with findings of Jeukendrup & Hesselink (1994) of lactate curve in cyclists already 15 years ago.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42715524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.13
D. Bratko, Viktorija Trninić, M. Trninić
Research in sport and exercise psychology indicates that motivational factors contribute to exceptional achievement, both in individual and team sports. Therefore, analysing differences between junior and senior athletes in contact ball sports in terms of their motivational differences may be an important information source for the selection process and management of the development of the elite athletes. In this study data on athletes’ motivation was collected via self-assessments. Data was analysed in order to answer the questions regarding the motivational differences of athletes, which might be related to the type of collective ball sport and their competing level related to age. Sample consisted of 316 athletes at junior and 286 athletes at senior level, which were active in one of the three team sports: football, handball, and water polo. They filled in three self-report questionnaires: Self-motivation Inventory – SMI; Sport Attitudes Inventory – SAI; and Task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire - TEOSQ. Results suggest that senior athletes have higher score on self-motivation, motive to achieve power and task goal orientation scales than junior athletes. These findings were replicated in all three sports which were analysed. Besides that, football players have the highest motive to achieve success, motive to achieve power and task goal orientation; water polo players have the most pronounced self-motivation, while handball players show lowest levels of these motives.
{"title":"Motivational differences between athletes at junior and senior level: An analysis of the football, handball, and water polo players","authors":"D. Bratko, Viktorija Trninić, M. Trninić","doi":"10.14198/jhse.2022.173.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.13","url":null,"abstract":"Research in sport and exercise psychology indicates that motivational factors contribute to exceptional achievement, both in individual and team sports. Therefore, analysing differences between junior and senior athletes in contact ball sports in terms of their motivational differences may be an important information source for the selection process and management of the development of the elite athletes. In this study data on athletes’ motivation was collected via self-assessments. Data was analysed in order to answer the questions regarding the motivational differences of athletes, which might be related to the type of collective ball sport and their competing level related to age. Sample consisted of 316 athletes at junior and 286 athletes at senior level, which were active in one of the three team sports: football, handball, and water polo. They filled in three self-report questionnaires: Self-motivation Inventory – SMI; Sport Attitudes Inventory – SAI; and Task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire - TEOSQ. Results suggest that senior athletes have higher score on self-motivation, motive to achieve power and task goal orientation scales than junior athletes. These findings were replicated in all three sports which were analysed. Besides that, football players have the highest motive to achieve success, motive to achieve power and task goal orientation; water polo players have the most pronounced self-motivation, while handball players show lowest levels of these motives.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42653256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.09
Martin G. Rosario, Ngozi D. Mbue, Aleena Jose
Those with Type 2 Diabetes with and without peripheral neuropathy (PN) display evident gait deficiencies, and kinematic alterations while stepping on various surfaces. Purpose: To verify if such modifications would emerge performing diverse tasks in the regulated stages of diabetes such as controlled type 2 diabetics without PN. Methods: We recruited and allocated 30 adult participants in two groups, 15 controlled diabetics (cDMII) and 15 controls (CoG). Gait temporospatial criteria were measured during even walkway and described concerning a ramp/slope surface, and a stair-step. Results: A Repeated measure ANOVA was employed to compare even surface gait parameters with slope and stair (ascending and descending) surfaces within each group. Our results highlight that cDMII shows distinct and initial traces of impaired gait parameters, notably on single-limb support time reduction with a double-limb time increment during ramp compared to even surface. Conclusion: Our conclusions suggest even at the early stages of diabetes, when glucose levels are regulated, adjustment while shifting and adapting to different, more challenging surfaces appear, notably in dynamic balance variables. Therefore, making this prompt detection of variations is clinically valuable for providing treatment interventions to diminish the risk of falls and trauma in those who have diabetes.
{"title":"Temporo-spatial gait adaptations while walking on different surfaces in Latino-Hispanic adults with controlled type II diabetes","authors":"Martin G. Rosario, Ngozi D. Mbue, Aleena Jose","doi":"10.14198/jhse.2022.173.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.09","url":null,"abstract":"Those with Type 2 Diabetes with and without peripheral neuropathy (PN) display evident gait deficiencies, and kinematic alterations while stepping on various surfaces. Purpose: To verify if such modifications would emerge performing diverse tasks in the regulated stages of diabetes such as controlled type 2 diabetics without PN. Methods: We recruited and allocated 30 adult participants in two groups, 15 controlled diabetics (cDMII) and 15 controls (CoG). Gait temporospatial criteria were measured during even walkway and described concerning a ramp/slope surface, and a stair-step. Results: A Repeated measure ANOVA was employed to compare even surface gait parameters with slope and stair (ascending and descending) surfaces within each group. Our results highlight that cDMII shows distinct and initial traces of impaired gait parameters, notably on single-limb support time reduction with a double-limb time increment during ramp compared to even surface. Conclusion: Our conclusions suggest even at the early stages of diabetes, when glucose levels are regulated, adjustment while shifting and adapting to different, more challenging surfaces appear, notably in dynamic balance variables. Therefore, making this prompt detection of variations is clinically valuable for providing treatment interventions to diminish the risk of falls and trauma in those who have diabetes.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":"107 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41309510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.08
Seita Kuki, Y. Konishi, Masamichi Okudaira, Kensuke Takezawa, K. Wakayoshi
The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in motor performance and anaerobic peak power in children. Furthermore, the relationship between power-associated variables and motor performance was also examined. Ninety-four Japanese primary school children aged 11 to 12 years volunteered. Grip strength, repeated lateral jumps, 50-m sprint, and standing broad jump were assessed following the guidelines published by the Japanese Ministry of Education and Science. Anaerobic peak power was assessed based on 6 sec sprint cycling with 4% of body mass as the braking load. The absolute peak power and peak power normalised by body mass were calculated as power-associated variables. The correlation analysis revealed that normalised peak power was moderately and strongly correlated with 50-m sprint time in both sexes, indicating the possibility that the sex difference in sprint performance could be derived from the discrepancy in anaerobic peak power. Sex differences were found in normalised peak power, lateral jumps, and 50-m sprint time. However, absolute peak power and standing broad jump did not differ significantly, and the results were not consistent with those of previous studies that examined participants in a different age range. The non-significant results in terms of absolute peak power and standing broad jump distance suggested the notion that sex differences in some variables fluctuate depending on the participants’ age. Therefore, future studies are required to investigate the sex differences in motor performance and anaerobic peak power in children of different age groups.
{"title":"Sex differences in motor performance and anaerobic peak power of Japanese primary school children aged 11 to 12 years","authors":"Seita Kuki, Y. Konishi, Masamichi Okudaira, Kensuke Takezawa, K. Wakayoshi","doi":"10.14198/jhse.2022.173.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.08","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in motor performance and anaerobic peak power in children. Furthermore, the relationship between power-associated variables and motor performance was also examined. Ninety-four Japanese primary school children aged 11 to 12 years volunteered. Grip strength, repeated lateral jumps, 50-m sprint, and standing broad jump were assessed following the guidelines published by the Japanese Ministry of Education and Science. Anaerobic peak power was assessed based on 6 sec sprint cycling with 4% of body mass as the braking load. The absolute peak power and peak power normalised by body mass were calculated as power-associated variables. The correlation analysis revealed that normalised peak power was moderately and strongly correlated with 50-m sprint time in both sexes, indicating the possibility that the sex difference in sprint performance could be derived from the discrepancy in anaerobic peak power. Sex differences were found in normalised peak power, lateral jumps, and 50-m sprint time. However, absolute peak power and standing broad jump did not differ significantly, and the results were not consistent with those of previous studies that examined participants in a different age range. The non-significant results in terms of absolute peak power and standing broad jump distance suggested the notion that sex differences in some variables fluctuate depending on the participants’ age. Therefore, future studies are required to investigate the sex differences in motor performance and anaerobic peak power in children of different age groups.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43082454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.14
M. Ortiz, A. Ayala, J. Petro, Rodrigo Argothy, Jonny Garzón, D. Bonilla
There are genetic sequences that might be associated with improved athletic performance, such as the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D), which are related to phenotypes of increased muscle strength and endurance, respectively. This STREGA-based cross-sectional study compared the genotype and allele frequencies of the ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms between Colombian athletes (n = 37) and non-athletic controls (n = 37). Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent enzymatic restriction (RFLP). The distribution of the ACTN3 R577X genotype of control and athletic groups met Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) (all p > .05); however, in the strength-trained athletes, the distribution of the ACE I/D genotype was not found in HWE. In athletic population, genotype distribution and allele frequencies of the ACTN3 R577X (n = 37) was RR: 35.1% (n = 13), RX: 54.1% (n = 20), XX: 10.8% (n = 4), and R: 0.6216 and X: 0.3784, respectively. For ACE I/D (n = 74) it was found a genotype distribution of DD: 35.1% (n = 13), ID: 24.3% (n = 9), II: 40.5% (n = 15), and allelic frequencies of D: 62.16% and I: 37.84%. Statistical analysis showed an association between the ACE genotypes with strength, endurance and control groups (X 2 = 15.3, gl = 4, p = .004); however, the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism did not have a significant association (X 2 = 3.99, gl = 4, p = .408). Although studies with a more homogeneous and larger sample size are required, the results of this exploratory study contribute to the genotypic characterization of Colombian athletes with the objective of improving the methodologies and its applications to sports medicine.
{"title":"Evaluation of ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms in young Colombian athletes: An exploratory research","authors":"M. Ortiz, A. Ayala, J. Petro, Rodrigo Argothy, Jonny Garzón, D. Bonilla","doi":"10.14198/jhse.2022.173.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.14","url":null,"abstract":"There are genetic sequences that might be associated with improved athletic performance, such as the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D), which are related to phenotypes of increased muscle strength and endurance, respectively. This STREGA-based cross-sectional study compared the genotype and allele frequencies of the ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms between Colombian athletes (n = 37) and non-athletic controls (n = 37). Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent enzymatic restriction (RFLP). The distribution of the ACTN3 R577X genotype of control and athletic groups met Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) (all p > .05); however, in the strength-trained athletes, the distribution of the ACE I/D genotype was not found in HWE. In athletic population, genotype distribution and allele frequencies of the ACTN3 R577X (n = 37) was RR: 35.1% (n = 13), RX: 54.1% (n = 20), XX: 10.8% (n = 4), and R: 0.6216 and X: 0.3784, respectively. For ACE I/D (n = 74) it was found a genotype distribution of DD: 35.1% (n = 13), ID: 24.3% (n = 9), II: 40.5% (n = 15), and allelic frequencies of D: 62.16% and I: 37.84%. Statistical analysis showed an association between the ACE genotypes with strength, endurance and control groups (X 2 = 15.3, gl = 4, p = .004); however, the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism did not have a significant association (X 2 = 3.99, gl = 4, p = .408). Although studies with a more homogeneous and larger sample size are required, the results of this exploratory study contribute to the genotypic characterization of Colombian athletes with the objective of improving the methodologies and its applications to sports medicine.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44112220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.02
V. Arufe-Giráldez, Alberto Sanmiguel-Rodríguez, M. L. Zagalaz-Sánchez, J. Cachón-Zagalaz, G. González-Valero
The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned in recent years about child physical inactivity. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 meant in many countries the establishment of a period of confinement with the deprivation of movement of children. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether, during the period of confinement, the WHO recommendations regarding sleep, physical activity and the use of technological devices in children under 5 years of age resident in Spain were met. The sample was composed of 280 Spanish children. The results confirm high values in the use of screens, especially television (M = 65.33), followed by tablets (M = 17.10) and mobile phones (M = 8.34). Physical activity levels were detected to be lower than recommended, with an average of 31.81 minutes versus the recommended 180 minutes. As for sleep hours, the recommendations were minimally fulfilled (M = 10.73; SD = 1.72). It is concluded that the period of confinement may have been an obstacle to complying with WHO recommendations regarding the practice of physical activity and screens in children under 5 years of age, which may have further aggravated the health of children in relation to pathologies associated with sedentary life.
{"title":"Sleep, physical activity and screens in 0-4 years Spanish children during the COVID-19 pandemic: Were the WHO recommendations met?","authors":"V. Arufe-Giráldez, Alberto Sanmiguel-Rodríguez, M. L. Zagalaz-Sánchez, J. Cachón-Zagalaz, G. González-Valero","doi":"10.14198/jhse.2022.173.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.02","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned in recent years about child physical inactivity. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 meant in many countries the establishment of a period of confinement with the deprivation of movement of children. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether, during the period of confinement, the WHO recommendations regarding sleep, physical activity and the use of technological devices in children under 5 years of age resident in Spain were met. The sample was composed of 280 Spanish children. The results confirm high values in the use of screens, especially television (M = 65.33), followed by tablets (M = 17.10) and mobile phones (M = 8.34). Physical activity levels were detected to be lower than recommended, with an average of 31.81 minutes versus the recommended 180 minutes. As for sleep hours, the recommendations were minimally fulfilled (M = 10.73; SD = 1.72). It is concluded that the period of confinement may have been an obstacle to complying with WHO recommendations regarding the practice of physical activity and screens in children under 5 years of age, which may have further aggravated the health of children in relation to pathologies associated with sedentary life.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45364094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.05
Ángel Acuña-Delgado, Guillermo Acuña-Gómez
Has soccer favoured the integration processes of Amerindian peoples in the different national societies to which they belong, or has it rather permitted their cultural assimilation? Based on this general question, four different scenes are analysed: the ethnic through the Yanomami case; the regional with the populations of the Napo river basin; the national with the Pan-indigenous Games; and the international one with the America's Cup of the Indigenous Peoples. The methodology used for data production combines ethnographic work with documentaries, distributed in different places and periods of time. Among the conclusions, soccer has become one of the symbols of the new ages of the indigenous world, instrumentalized in different ways and used to expand and reinforce social links. By the moment, its practice is not directly denoting the abandonment of the cultural being of these towns.
{"title":"Soccer in the integration and assimilation processes of Amerindian peoples","authors":"Ángel Acuña-Delgado, Guillermo Acuña-Gómez","doi":"10.14198/jhse.2022.173.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.05","url":null,"abstract":"Has soccer favoured the integration processes of Amerindian peoples in the different national societies to which they belong, or has it rather permitted their cultural assimilation? Based on this general question, four different scenes are analysed: the ethnic through the Yanomami case; the regional with the populations of the Napo river basin; the national with the Pan-indigenous Games; and the international one with the America's Cup of the Indigenous Peoples. The methodology used for data production combines ethnographic work with documentaries, distributed in different places and periods of time. Among the conclusions, soccer has become one of the symbols of the new ages of the indigenous world, instrumentalized in different ways and used to expand and reinforce social links. By the moment, its practice is not directly denoting the abandonment of the cultural being of these towns.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47365509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.01
Josué González-Ruiz, P. T. Gómez-Píriz, Esther Puga-González, D. Cabello-Manrique
In this study, an analysis was made of the qualitative and quantitative evolution of the participation and results obtained by the Spanish athletes throughout the Olympic Games, for which their records were compared to those of the men's team from Paris 1900 to Rio 2016. During the study, the growing weight of Spanish women athletes was analysed, resulting in the Women and Sport programme (2007), which seems to have been a determining factor in the improvement of the performance of Spanish women athletes, which surpassed that of the men's team in the last two editions, for the first time in history and in a consecutive manner. The data revealed a growing weight of women, with a historical representation much lower in the Olympic Games (less than 14% until Barcelona 1992) and significantly lower than men from the same (beginning to be more than 30%). This progression has been accompanied by a greater value in the variable weight of the medals, this fact was accentuated in the last editions of London 2012 (65%) and Rio de Janeiro 2016 (60%). It is clear from the results that there is plenty of room for improvement in women's sport. Empowering Spanish female athletes, increasing social and economic recognition, and identifying which are the differential factors that make them more efficient with respect to the male team, can optimize strategies and results in the third sector of sport in Spain.
{"title":"Spanish women athletes’ performance in the Summer Olympic Games history","authors":"Josué González-Ruiz, P. T. Gómez-Píriz, Esther Puga-González, D. Cabello-Manrique","doi":"10.14198/jhse.2022.173.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an analysis was made of the qualitative and quantitative evolution of the participation and results obtained by the Spanish athletes throughout the Olympic Games, for which their records were compared to those of the men's team from Paris 1900 to Rio 2016. During the study, the growing weight of Spanish women athletes was analysed, resulting in the Women and Sport programme (2007), which seems to have been a determining factor in the improvement of the performance of Spanish women athletes, which surpassed that of the men's team in the last two editions, for the first time in history and in a consecutive manner. The data revealed a growing weight of women, with a historical representation much lower in the Olympic Games (less than 14% until Barcelona 1992) and significantly lower than men from the same (beginning to be more than 30%). This progression has been accompanied by a greater value in the variable weight of the medals, this fact was accentuated in the last editions of London 2012 (65%) and Rio de Janeiro 2016 (60%). It is clear from the results that there is plenty of room for improvement in women's sport. Empowering Spanish female athletes, increasing social and economic recognition, and identifying which are the differential factors that make them more efficient with respect to the male team, can optimize strategies and results in the third sector of sport in Spain.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41664414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.03
R. Navarro-Patón, Marcos Mecías-Calvo, C. Gili-Roig, J. E. Rodríguez-Fernández
The aim of this research was determining disruptive behaviours of Primary and Secondary Schoolchildren in physical education classes according to educational stage, age and gender. The sample consisted of a total of 1304 students from 10 to 16 years old (M = 12.77; SD = 1.89), of whom 548 were Primary Education and 756 of Secondary Education; 612 were boys (46.9%) and 692 were girls (53.1%). The data collection was conducted through to the appropriate conduct scale in physical education and sport (CCDEF). The results obtained showed significant statistical differences in the age factor on Aggressiveness (AGR) (p < .001), Irresponsibility (IRRP) (p < .001), Fails to follow directions (FFD) (p < .001), Distracts or disturbs others (DDO) (p < .001) and Poor self-management (PSM) (p < .001). Regarding gender, there were statistically significant differences between boys and girls in FFD and on PSM (p < .001). Also, significant statistical differences were found on stage factor on AGR (p < .001), IRRP (p < .001), FFD (p < .001), DDO (p < .001) and PSM (p < .001). Disruptive behaviours scores increase with age and are higher in Compulsory Secondary Education than in Primary education schoolchildren. Boys in Primary Education scores higher than girls in all dimensions studied, while boys in Compulsory Secondary Education do so on aggressiveness.
{"title":"Disruptive behaviours in Physical Education classes: A descriptive research in compulsory education","authors":"R. Navarro-Patón, Marcos Mecías-Calvo, C. Gili-Roig, J. E. Rodríguez-Fernández","doi":"10.14198/jhse.2022.173.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was determining disruptive behaviours of Primary and Secondary Schoolchildren in physical education classes according to educational stage, age and gender. The sample consisted of a total of 1304 students from 10 to 16 years old (M = 12.77; SD = 1.89), of whom 548 were Primary Education and 756 of Secondary Education; 612 were boys (46.9%) and 692 were girls (53.1%). The data collection was conducted through to the appropriate conduct scale in physical education and sport (CCDEF). The results obtained showed significant statistical differences in the age factor on Aggressiveness (AGR) (p < .001), Irresponsibility (IRRP) (p < .001), Fails to follow directions (FFD) (p < .001), Distracts or disturbs others (DDO) (p < .001) and Poor self-management (PSM) (p < .001). Regarding gender, there were statistically significant differences between boys and girls in FFD and on PSM (p < .001). Also, significant statistical differences were found on stage factor on AGR (p < .001), IRRP (p < .001), FFD (p < .001), DDO (p < .001) and PSM (p < .001). Disruptive behaviours scores increase with age and are higher in Compulsory Secondary Education than in Primary education schoolchildren. Boys in Primary Education scores higher than girls in all dimensions studied, while boys in Compulsory Secondary Education do so on aggressiveness.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49029167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.07
Julie Brunton, F. J. Cánovas-Álvarez, Lourdes Meroño, Alejandro Leiva-Arcas, J. Arias-Estero, E. Conde, E. Isidori, A. Decelis, Charalampos Samantzis, Alper Yildiz, Yeliz İlgar Doğan, A. Fazio, Oliver Mallia, A. Koustelios, Antonio Sánchez-Pato
This research was part of a large intervention study implementing the European Sports Leadership Programme (ESLP). This paper reports the outcomes of the qualitative study that employed focus groups to assess the students’ perceptions of the 15 competencies determined according to the Framework for qualifications of the European Higher Education Area, before and after the ESLP. Focus groups were carried out at each of the five universities. The ESLP involved university students working as a sports leader for 24 months with the aim to engage more students in university sport, whilst they took part in a graduate employability programme. Each university recruited five sports leaders in their second year at university, to deliver 10 new sport and recreational activities targeting the wider inactive or semi-active student population. Findings highlighted that Organization and planning, Oral and written communication, Development of planning and decision making, and Teamworking, followed closely by Emotional control and Adapting to new situations, were the most commonly reported competencies. They affirmed that this programme had helped to develop these competencies. Use of information, communication and technology, Communication in a foreign language, Research and Emotional control were the most common competencies that students stated they needed to improve further. This research found that implementing the ESLP helped to develop students’ perceptions of their workplace and career competencies. The ESLP is therefore, recommended as one approach to helping universities to develop student’s workplace and career competencies.
{"title":"Implementing the European Sports Leadership Programme: A vehicle to help development graduate workplace competencies","authors":"Julie Brunton, F. J. Cánovas-Álvarez, Lourdes Meroño, Alejandro Leiva-Arcas, J. Arias-Estero, E. Conde, E. Isidori, A. Decelis, Charalampos Samantzis, Alper Yildiz, Yeliz İlgar Doğan, A. Fazio, Oliver Mallia, A. Koustelios, Antonio Sánchez-Pato","doi":"10.14198/jhse.2022.173.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.07","url":null,"abstract":"This research was part of a large intervention study implementing the European Sports Leadership Programme (ESLP). This paper reports the outcomes of the qualitative study that employed focus groups to assess the students’ perceptions of the 15 competencies determined according to the Framework for qualifications of the European Higher Education Area, before and after the ESLP. Focus groups were carried out at each of the five universities. The ESLP involved university students working as a sports leader for 24 months with the aim to engage more students in university sport, whilst they took part in a graduate employability programme. Each university recruited five sports leaders in their second year at university, to deliver 10 new sport and recreational activities targeting the wider inactive or semi-active student population. Findings highlighted that Organization and planning, Oral and written communication, Development of planning and decision making, and Teamworking, followed closely by Emotional control and Adapting to new situations, were the most commonly reported competencies. They affirmed that this programme had helped to develop these competencies. Use of information, communication and technology, Communication in a foreign language, Research and Emotional control were the most common competencies that students stated they needed to improve further. This research found that implementing the ESLP helped to develop students’ perceptions of their workplace and career competencies. The ESLP is therefore, recommended as one approach to helping universities to develop student’s workplace and career competencies.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44947359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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