Pub Date : 2021-03-09DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.14
A. Lola, Andriani Koutsomarkou, G. Tzetzis
The simultaneous improvement of both form and outcome of sport skills is a challenge for every instructor since these are competing goals, especially for novices, and in the early stages of learning the improvement of movement form is usually more important than outcome. However, when novices have both goals, outcome usually prevails over form. External over internal focus of attention has been proposed by many researchers as an effective method for the development and learning of movement form or outcome. In this study, 57 girls were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (external and internal) and a control group. All groups performed a pre-test. The two experimental groups followed an intervention program for 12 training units (6 weeks X 2 times a week). A post-test and a transfer test followed two weeks later. Data were analysed by factorial ANOVA (3 groups X 3 measurements) with repeated measurements of the last factor, followed by a post-hoc Tukey test. Both experimental groups, but not the control group, improved their performance in both form and outcome from pre-test to post-test and transfer test. The external focus group scored better in both form and outcome than the internal focus group in the post and transfer tests. It seems that external focus drives a subconscious motor control that results in greater movement automaticity and improves both form and outcome of sport skills. It is concluded that the external focus method is appropriate to develop both form and outcome of perceptual-motor skills.
{"title":"Influence of different focus of attention instructions on learning volleyball skills for young novices","authors":"A. Lola, Andriani Koutsomarkou, G. Tzetzis","doi":"10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.14","url":null,"abstract":"The simultaneous improvement of both form and outcome of sport skills is a challenge for every instructor since these are competing goals, especially for novices, and in the early stages of learning the improvement of movement form is usually more important than outcome. However, when novices have both goals, outcome usually prevails over form. External over internal focus of attention has been proposed by many researchers as an effective method for the development and learning of movement form or outcome. In this study, 57 girls were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (external and internal) and a control group. All groups performed a pre-test. The two experimental groups followed an intervention program for 12 training units (6 weeks X 2 times a week). A post-test and a transfer test followed two weeks later. Data were analysed by factorial ANOVA (3 groups X 3 measurements) with repeated measurements of the last factor, followed by a post-hoc Tukey test. Both experimental groups, but not the control group, improved their performance in both form and outcome from pre-test to post-test and transfer test. The external focus group scored better in both form and outcome than the internal focus group in the post and transfer tests. It seems that external focus drives a subconscious motor control that results in greater movement automaticity and improves both form and outcome of sport skills. It is concluded that the external focus method is appropriate to develop both form and outcome of perceptual-motor skills.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47175378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.06
P. Vinken, Vincent Stirling, T. Heinen
An observer’s perception of motion aesthetics strongly relies on the interplay between aspects of the motion stimuli, the sensory and motor expertise of the observer, and the context in which the stimuli are perceived. However, whether a fit in observers’ and performers’ sensory and motor expertise can boost aesthetic motion perception when observing complex motor skills, is still to be investigated. Thus, it was hypothesized that a fit between observers’ and performers’ sensory and motor expertise could boost aesthetic motion perception of complex motor skills. Expert and intermediate freerunners performed three different freerunning skills. Observers with varying levels of expertise were asked to indicate their perception of motion aesthetics when observing video sequences of expert and intermediate freerunning skill performances. Results indicate that a fit between observers’ and performers’ sensory and motor expertise levels does not boost aesthetic motion perception. In contrast, motor skill performances of expert freerunners are perceived as more aesthetically than intermediate freerunning performances from all three observer groups: expert freerunning observers, intermediate freerunning observers, and laypeople. Instead of a fit between the performer’s and the observer’s sensory and motor expertise, it is argued that object-driven parameters of a complex motor skill performance seem to be related to a rather universal embodied aesthetic motion perception.
{"title":"The aesthetics of the experts - On the relationship of observers’ and performers’ expertise when perceiving motion aesthetics in freerunning skills","authors":"P. Vinken, Vincent Stirling, T. Heinen","doi":"10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.06","url":null,"abstract":"An observer’s perception of motion aesthetics strongly relies on the interplay between aspects of the motion stimuli, the sensory and motor expertise of the observer, and the context in which the stimuli are perceived. However, whether a fit in observers’ and performers’ sensory and motor expertise can boost aesthetic motion perception when observing complex motor skills, is still to be investigated. Thus, it was hypothesized that a fit between observers’ and performers’ sensory and motor expertise could boost aesthetic motion perception of complex motor skills. Expert and intermediate freerunners performed three different freerunning skills. Observers with varying levels of expertise were asked to indicate their perception of motion aesthetics when observing video sequences of expert and intermediate freerunning skill performances. Results indicate that a fit between observers’ and performers’ sensory and motor expertise levels does not boost aesthetic motion perception. In contrast, motor skill performances of expert freerunners are perceived as more aesthetically than intermediate freerunning performances from all three observer groups: expert freerunning observers, intermediate freerunning observers, and laypeople. Instead of a fit between the performer’s and the observer’s sensory and motor expertise, it is argued that object-driven parameters of a complex motor skill performance seem to be related to a rather universal embodied aesthetic motion perception.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41555367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.11
Silvia Pulido, R. Vega, J. P. Fuentes-García
The aim of the study was to analyse the relationships established between the different factors that make up coaches’ controlling interpersonal style and frustration of basic psychological needs, as well as to identify the differences that may exist in terms of gender and training hours, and whether the latter may trigger these variables in adolescent judokas. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS) (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis & Thogersen-Ntoumani, 2010), in its Spanish version (Castillo et al., 2014), was administered, as well as the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale (PNTS) (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, Ryan & Thogersen-Ntoumani, 2011), also in its Spanish version (Sicilia, Ferriz & Saenz-Alvarez, 2013). The sample comprised 86 adolescent judokas, who had a federation licence and participated in regional competitions (M = 14.13; SD = 1.38). Descriptive and correlation analyses of all variables were performed. The Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were carried out, respectively, to analyse the differences in gender and training hours. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between all study variables. In addition, significant differences were found between genders in the control variable of use of rewards, and in the frustration variable of the basic psychological need of competence, depending on the judokas’ training hours. These results suggest that controlling interpersonal styles influence the frustration of basic psychological needs of adolescent judokas, according to their gender or training hours.
{"title":"Coaches’ controlling interpersonal style and frustration of basic psychological needs in adolescent judokas","authors":"Silvia Pulido, R. Vega, J. P. Fuentes-García","doi":"10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to analyse the relationships established between the different factors that make up coaches’ controlling interpersonal style and frustration of basic psychological needs, as well as to identify the differences that may exist in terms of gender and training hours, and whether the latter may trigger these variables in adolescent judokas. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS) (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis & Thogersen-Ntoumani, 2010), in its Spanish version (Castillo et al., 2014), was administered, as well as the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale (PNTS) (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, Ryan & Thogersen-Ntoumani, 2011), also in its Spanish version (Sicilia, Ferriz & Saenz-Alvarez, 2013). The sample comprised 86 adolescent judokas, who had a federation licence and participated in regional competitions (M = 14.13; SD = 1.38). Descriptive and correlation analyses of all variables were performed. The Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were carried out, respectively, to analyse the differences in gender and training hours. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between all study variables. In addition, significant differences were found between genders in the control variable of use of rewards, and in the frustration variable of the basic psychological need of competence, depending on the judokas’ training hours. These results suggest that controlling interpersonal styles influence the frustration of basic psychological needs of adolescent judokas, according to their gender or training hours.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44934125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.10
Paraskevi Salepi, K. Georgiadis, A. Kriemadis, Athanasios Travlos
This study seeks to identify the strategic and operational factors necessary for the effective operation of the International Olympic Academy (IOA), and of the National Olympic Academies (NOAs). It applies Resource Dependence Theory (RDP) and Inter-organizational Relationships Theory (IOR) to the institutional environment of the NOAs. A set of exploratory semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders from the International Olympic Committee (IOC), IOA, NOAs and Academics. A thematic analysis of the interview data provided themes to be incorporated into a questionnaire conducted with NOA directors and NOC officials focusing on relationships of the NOAs with other organisations and the implications for their autonomy. The nature of the field of NOA activity and its environment, is such that, for many NOAs, it is beset by an imbalance of power. This is reflected in the resource dependency of many NOAs on, in particular, NOCs and ultimately the IOC for legitimacy, human, financial and physical resources. The paper highlights a number of ways in which these relationships might be modified for the benefit of all the organisations involved.
{"title":"Dependence on resources and cooperation networks of the National Olympic Academies","authors":"Paraskevi Salepi, K. Georgiadis, A. Kriemadis, Athanasios Travlos","doi":"10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to identify the strategic and operational factors necessary for the effective operation of the International Olympic Academy (IOA), and of the National Olympic Academies (NOAs). It applies Resource Dependence Theory (RDP) and Inter-organizational Relationships Theory (IOR) to the institutional environment of the NOAs. A set of exploratory semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders from the International Olympic Committee (IOC), IOA, NOAs and Academics. A thematic analysis of the interview data provided themes to be incorporated into a questionnaire conducted with NOA directors and NOC officials focusing on relationships of the NOAs with other organisations and the implications for their autonomy. The nature of the field of NOA activity and its environment, is such that, for many NOAs, it is beset by an imbalance of power. This is reflected in the resource dependency of many NOAs on, in particular, NOCs and ultimately the IOC for legitimacy, human, financial and physical resources. The paper highlights a number of ways in which these relationships might be modified for the benefit of all the organisations involved.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42795293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.07
Portia Heidi M. Balite, Percival Henry Mendoza Balite, M. J. Manalo, J. Pagaduan
This study investigated anticipatory cortisol and pre-competitive anxiety of swimmers before competition. Fifteen university swimmers volunteered to participate in the study. Salivary cortisol and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) were collected six days (6d) and two hours (2h) before competition. Results revealed higher somatic anxiety 2h compared to 6d prior to competition. No differences were observed in cortisol, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. Thus, somatic anxiety of swimmers increase in response to competition.
{"title":"Psychophysiological responses to competition among university swimmers","authors":"Portia Heidi M. Balite, Percival Henry Mendoza Balite, M. J. Manalo, J. Pagaduan","doi":"10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.07","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated anticipatory cortisol and pre-competitive anxiety of swimmers before competition. Fifteen university swimmers volunteered to participate in the study. Salivary cortisol and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) were collected six days (6d) and two hours (2h) before competition. Results revealed higher somatic anxiety 2h compared to 6d prior to competition. No differences were observed in cortisol, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. Thus, somatic anxiety of swimmers increase in response to competition.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48044034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.08
Laura de la Chica-Herrador, A. Hernández-Fernández, Eufrasio Pérez-Navío
The objective of this research is to know the relationship between the level of self-esteem and resilience that people with intellectual disabilities have and the methodology of work including art. In this study, a mixed methodology has been used, the resilience indicator chosen in this research was the level of self-esteem. For the collection of data, a Likert scale and a semi-structured interview were used. The results show that there are significant differences between the self-esteem of people with intellectual disabilities that are influenced by methodologies that include art, concerning to other methodologies.
{"title":"Art as an attractive methodology of resilience and self-esteem","authors":"Laura de la Chica-Herrador, A. Hernández-Fernández, Eufrasio Pérez-Navío","doi":"10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.08","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to know the relationship between the level of self-esteem and resilience that people with intellectual disabilities have and the methodology of work including art. In this study, a mixed methodology has been used, the resilience indicator chosen in this research was the level of self-esteem. For the collection of data, a Likert scale and a semi-structured interview were used. The results show that there are significant differences between the self-esteem of people with intellectual disabilities that are influenced by methodologies that include art, concerning to other methodologies.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42057585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.09
R. Pippi, C. Fanelli
From December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus rapidly spreads in more than 200 countries in the world and WHO declared an epidemic public health emergency. In Italy, the Coronavirus disease caused 239.410 total infected cases and 34.644 people have died. Specific recommendations, as reducing social contacts and scrupulous hand hygiene, were adopted to limit the spread of the disease, affecting the daily habits of tens of millions of people. This gave rise to two different currents of thought: on the one hand those who always believed that the practice of physical activity represented an important preventive factor, on the other that it was necessary to stop physical activity because is a dangerous activity. The aim of this short paper is to discuss a correct approach to physical activity and exercise and to underline the beneficial effects, precautions, and limitations, providing a contribution that clarifies these different points of view in debate. Regular practice of physical activity and moderate exercise is useful for asymptomatic healthy people and therefore recommended by the major scientific societies, according to established scientific evidence available to date.
{"title":"Is physical activity a necessary element during Italian coronavirus disease emergency? Yes or no debate","authors":"R. Pippi, C. Fanelli","doi":"10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.09","url":null,"abstract":"From December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus rapidly spreads in more than 200 countries in the world and WHO declared an epidemic public health emergency. In Italy, the Coronavirus disease caused 239.410 total infected cases and 34.644 people have died. Specific recommendations, as reducing social contacts and scrupulous hand hygiene, were adopted to limit the spread of the disease, affecting the daily habits of tens of millions of people. This gave rise to two different currents of thought: on the one hand those who always believed that the practice of physical activity represented an important preventive factor, on the other that it was necessary to stop physical activity because is a dangerous activity. The aim of this short paper is to discuss a correct approach to physical activity and exercise and to underline the beneficial effects, precautions, and limitations, providing a contribution that clarifies these different points of view in debate. Regular practice of physical activity and moderate exercise is useful for asymptomatic healthy people and therefore recommended by the major scientific societies, according to established scientific evidence available to date.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46004140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-18DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.05
C. L. Tomasevicz, J. Woldstad, David D. Jones
Introduction: The depth jump (DJ) and squat jump (SJ) are accepted ways to assess and train power producing ability but are not without risk of injury. Methods: Sixteen male participants (age = 21.7 ± 1.54 yrs., height = 177.7 ± 11.4 cm, mass = 77.7 ± 13.6 kg) were evaluated for power exertion capabilities while being assessed for risk of injury in the knee and low back through a range of resistances based on a percentage of participants’ heights in the DJ (0% through 50%) and bodyweights for the SJ (0% through 100%). Two variables were used to assess the risk of injury in the knee: valgus angle and internal abduction moment (IAM). Four variables were used in the low back: compression and shear force at the L5/S1 vertebrae, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), and erector muscle tension. Results: With increasing DJ drop height, participants showed increased risk of injury in the knee through the valgus angle and IAM. In the low back, significant correlation occurred between increasing drop height and the shear force and IAP while compression force and erector muscle tension were more correlated with the power exertion of the participants than the drop height. With increasing SJ resistance, no significant increased risk of knee injury was detected. However, all low back variables except the IAP were significantly influenced by the increased resistance. Conclusion: Risk of injury in the knee and low back can be strongly dependent not only on the type of jump, but also the amount of resistance. The resulting power exerted by the athlete can also influence the risk of injury.
{"title":"Risk of injury analysis in depth jump and squat jump","authors":"C. L. Tomasevicz, J. Woldstad, David D. Jones","doi":"10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The depth jump (DJ) and squat jump (SJ) are accepted ways to assess and train power producing ability but are not without risk of injury. Methods: Sixteen male participants (age = 21.7 ± 1.54 yrs., height = 177.7 ± 11.4 cm, mass = 77.7 ± 13.6 kg) were evaluated for power exertion capabilities while being assessed for risk of injury in the knee and low back through a range of resistances based on a percentage of participants’ heights in the DJ (0% through 50%) and bodyweights for the SJ (0% through 100%). Two variables were used to assess the risk of injury in the knee: valgus angle and internal abduction moment (IAM). Four variables were used in the low back: compression and shear force at the L5/S1 vertebrae, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), and erector muscle tension. Results: With increasing DJ drop height, participants showed increased risk of injury in the knee through the valgus angle and IAM. In the low back, significant correlation occurred between increasing drop height and the shear force and IAP while compression force and erector muscle tension were more correlated with the power exertion of the participants than the drop height. With increasing SJ resistance, no significant increased risk of knee injury was detected. However, all low back variables except the IAP were significantly influenced by the increased resistance. Conclusion: Risk of injury in the knee and low back can be strongly dependent not only on the type of jump, but also the amount of resistance. The resulting power exerted by the athlete can also influence the risk of injury.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47465133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-18DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2022.173.10
Shannon L Steele, Cassie M. Williamson-Reisdorph, Laura Dybdal, J. Quindry
Introduction: Female college students (veteran and non-veteran) are exposed to cumulative stressors and trauma that may lead to an imbalanced autonomic nervous system. Yoga has emerged as an efficacious intervention for psychological and physical trauma; however, the therapeutic dose of intervening yoga is unknown. Additionally, the frequency, duration, and type of yoga needed to achieve a therapeutic dose appear to be population specific when applied to trauma victims. The purpose of the study was to examine whether a short-term trauma-informed yoga intervention altered metrics of autonomic tone as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) in female veteran and non-veteran college students. Methods: Nine female college students (age: 33 years ± 11, veteran, n = 4, non-veteran, n = 5) engaged in trauma-informed yoga once per week for one-hour over a four-week intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA were performed on the HRV variables lnRMSSD, lnHF, lnLF, and LF:HF. Results: Findings indicated no effect of the intervention on HRV as measured by lnRMSSD (p = .116), lnHF (p = .073), lnLF (p = .316), and LF:HF (p = .131). Further, no acute alterations in HRV were observed following a single session of trauma-informed yoga (p > .05). Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed no significant effect of trauma-informed yoga on HRV following a single session or after a four-week yoga intervention.
{"title":"Four weeks of trauma-informed yoga intervention and autonomic tone in female veteran and non-veteran college students","authors":"Shannon L Steele, Cassie M. Williamson-Reisdorph, Laura Dybdal, J. Quindry","doi":"10.14198/JHSE.2022.173.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.173.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Female college students (veteran and non-veteran) are exposed to cumulative stressors and trauma that may lead to an imbalanced autonomic nervous system. Yoga has emerged as an efficacious intervention for psychological and physical trauma; however, the therapeutic dose of intervening yoga is unknown. Additionally, the frequency, duration, and type of yoga needed to achieve a therapeutic dose appear to be population specific when applied to trauma victims. The purpose of the study was to examine whether a short-term trauma-informed yoga intervention altered metrics of autonomic tone as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) in female veteran and non-veteran college students. Methods: Nine female college students (age: 33 years ± 11, veteran, n = 4, non-veteran, n = 5) engaged in trauma-informed yoga once per week for one-hour over a four-week intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA were performed on the HRV variables lnRMSSD, lnHF, lnLF, and LF:HF. Results: Findings indicated no effect of the intervention on HRV as measured by lnRMSSD (p = .116), lnHF (p = .073), lnLF (p = .316), and LF:HF (p = .131). Further, no acute alterations in HRV were observed following a single session of trauma-informed yoga (p > .05). Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed no significant effect of trauma-informed yoga on HRV following a single session or after a four-week yoga intervention.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41958166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-18DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.03
Natalie L Myers, Reagan Morrow, James L. Farnsworth
The acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) is a metric that can be used to monitor training loads during sport. Over the last decade researchers have investigated how this metric relates to injury, yet little consideration has been given to how this metric interacts with performance. Two prospective longitudinal studies were implemented investigating internal and external ACWRs and match outcome in junior tennis players. Forty-two and 24 players were recruited to participate in the internal and external load studies, respectively. Internal load was measured using session rate of perceive exertion, while external load was defined as total swing counts. The main dependent variable was tennis match performance which was extracted from the universal tennis rating website. The ACWR for internal and external load were the primary independent variables. Acute load was defined as the total load for one week, while a 4-week rolling average represented chronic load. There were no significant associations between internal ( p -value = .23) or external ( p -value = .81) ACWR and tennis match performance as assessed by multivariate regressions. The ACWRs in these datasets were close to 1.00, thus a balanced training load was undertaken by these athletes upon entering match play but was not related to match success.
{"title":"Modelling the relationship between relative load and match outcome in junior tennis players","authors":"Natalie L Myers, Reagan Morrow, James L. Farnsworth","doi":"10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.174.03","url":null,"abstract":"The acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) is a metric that can be used to monitor training loads during sport. Over the last decade researchers have investigated how this metric relates to injury, yet little consideration has been given to how this metric interacts with performance. Two prospective longitudinal studies were implemented investigating internal and external ACWRs and match outcome in junior tennis players. Forty-two and 24 players were recruited to participate in the internal and external load studies, respectively. Internal load was measured using session rate of perceive exertion, while external load was defined as total swing counts. The main dependent variable was tennis match performance which was extracted from the universal tennis rating website. The ACWR for internal and external load were the primary independent variables. Acute load was defined as the total load for one week, while a 4-week rolling average represented chronic load. There were no significant associations between internal ( p -value = .23) or external ( p -value = .81) ACWR and tennis match performance as assessed by multivariate regressions. The ACWRs in these datasets were close to 1.00, thus a balanced training load was undertaken by these athletes upon entering match play but was not related to match success.","PeriodicalId":51651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47367619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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