Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_219_24
Aparna Pandey, J. Bhushan, Rajesh Kumar Joshi, A. S. Uppal, Archana Angrup, Shubhangi Kansal
The aim of the study was to assess and evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) with calcium hydroxide in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. Using the broth microdilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of calcium hydroxide and CSNPs were measured. The antibiofilm effect of calcium hydroxide and CSNPs against E. faecalis biofilm was qualitatively analyzed using a crystal violet assay. A 7-day-old biofilms of E. faecalis grown on dentine discs were assigned to the following three groups (n = 11 dentine discs), normal saline (group I), calcium hydroxide (group II), and CSNPs (group III). Quantification of live and dead cells using confocal microscopy was done to evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of the medicaments included in the study. MIC of calcium hydroxide and CSNPs against E. faecalis was observed at 2.5 mg/mL and 0.31 mg/mL, respectively. MBC of calcium hydroxide and CSNPs was observed at 2.5 mg/mL and 0.31 mg/mL, respectively. Using Crystal Violet (CV) assay, calcium hydroxide and CSNPs showed biofilm inhibition at concentrations of 2.5 mg/mL and 0.625 mg/mL, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis found that both calcium hydroxide and CSNPs showed a significant decrease in viable cells at their MBC values compared to the control group’s normal saline. CSNPs showed a significantly lower percentage of live cells than calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05). The study results reveal that the antimicrobial efficacy of CSNPs is better than calcium hydroxide and normal saline against E. faecalis biofilm.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles and calcium hydroxide against endodontic biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study","authors":"Aparna Pandey, J. Bhushan, Rajesh Kumar Joshi, A. S. Uppal, Archana Angrup, Shubhangi Kansal","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_219_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_219_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to assess and evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) with calcium hydroxide in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Using the broth microdilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of calcium hydroxide and CSNPs were measured. The antibiofilm effect of calcium hydroxide and CSNPs against E. faecalis biofilm was qualitatively analyzed using a crystal violet assay. A 7-day-old biofilms of E. faecalis grown on dentine discs were assigned to the following three groups (n = 11 dentine discs), normal saline (group I), calcium hydroxide (group II), and CSNPs (group III). Quantification of live and dead cells using confocal microscopy was done to evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of the medicaments included in the study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 MIC of calcium hydroxide and CSNPs against E. faecalis was observed at 2.5 mg/mL and 0.31 mg/mL, respectively. MBC of calcium hydroxide and CSNPs was observed at 2.5 mg/mL and 0.31 mg/mL, respectively. Using Crystal Violet (CV) assay, calcium hydroxide and CSNPs showed biofilm inhibition at concentrations of 2.5 mg/mL and 0.625 mg/mL, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis found that both calcium hydroxide and CSNPs showed a significant decrease in viable cells at their MBC values compared to the control group’s normal saline. CSNPs showed a significantly lower percentage of live cells than calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study results reveal that the antimicrobial efficacy of CSNPs is better than calcium hydroxide and normal saline against E. faecalis biofilm.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_212_24
Yantrapragada Lakshmi Sunanda, K. Parvathaneni, T. Raju, Abitha Seshadri, G. Dondapati
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blood and artificial salivary contamination of different root-end filling materials on microleakage using a confocal laser scanning microscope and on marginal adaptation using a scanning electron microscope. Eighty noncarious single-rooted teeth with mature apices were taken. After retro-cavity preparation, they were randomly assigned into two major groups (n = 40). They were contaminated with blood and artificial saliva, respectively. Each major group was divided randomly into four subgroups (n = 10) and filled as follows: Subgroup A, Biodentine; Subgroup B, bioactive bone cement; Subgroup C, Cention N; and Subgroup D, Bio-C Repair. The samples were sectioned transversely at 1 and 2 mm from the root apex and checked under a confocal laser scanning microscope for microleakage and under an scanning electron microscope for marginal adaptation. The average mean values were calculated. Independent samples t-tests, paired t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc tests were done to analyze the data. All the tested materials showed marginal gaps and dye leakage. The Bio-C Repair group showed the least mean marginal gap and dye leakage values, followed by bioactive bone cement, Biodentine, and Cention N, respectively, in both blood and artificial saliva contamination. However, the mean marginal gaps and dye leakage between the major groups were statistically insignificant. In an overall comparison, Bio-C Repair was found to be superior in terms of marginal adaptation and sealing ability under the test conditions.
{"title":"Effect of blood and artificial saliva contamination on marginal adaptation and sealing ability of different retrograde filling materials: A comparative analysis","authors":"Yantrapragada Lakshmi Sunanda, K. Parvathaneni, T. Raju, Abitha Seshadri, G. Dondapati","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_212_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_212_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blood and artificial salivary contamination of different root-end filling materials on microleakage using a confocal laser scanning microscope and on marginal adaptation using a scanning electron microscope.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Eighty noncarious single-rooted teeth with mature apices were taken. After retro-cavity preparation, they were randomly assigned into two major groups (n = 40). They were contaminated with blood and artificial saliva, respectively. Each major group was divided randomly into four subgroups (n = 10) and filled as follows: Subgroup A, Biodentine; Subgroup B, bioactive bone cement; Subgroup C, Cention N; and Subgroup D, Bio-C Repair. The samples were sectioned transversely at 1 and 2 mm from the root apex and checked under a confocal laser scanning microscope for microleakage and under an scanning electron microscope for marginal adaptation. The average mean values were calculated. Independent samples t-tests, paired t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc tests were done to analyze the data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 All the tested materials showed marginal gaps and dye leakage. The Bio-C Repair group showed the least mean marginal gap and dye leakage values, followed by bioactive bone cement, Biodentine, and Cention N, respectively, in both blood and artificial saliva contamination. However, the mean marginal gaps and dye leakage between the major groups were statistically insignificant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In an overall comparison, Bio-C Repair was found to be superior in terms of marginal adaptation and sealing ability under the test conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_110_24
Lokhasudhan Govindaraju, ST Shruthi, Rajeswari Gopal, Sowjanyaa Jenarthanan, Mathan Rajan Rajendran
The objective of this study was to analyze the available evidence on the performance of increase in temperature of sodium hypochlorite on its antimicrobial efficacy and tissue dissolution property. The study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, and a modified Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used for quality assessment of the included studies. Two reviewers independently performed an electronic search in four databases along with the reference lists of the included articles. This systematic review included a total of 12 studies: antimicrobial efficacy (n = 6) and tissue dissolution property (n = 6). For the studies that were chosen, the overall risk of bias was moderate. Quantitative assessment through meta-regression was performed for tissue dissolution property. Low-concentration sodium hypochlorite irrigant (≤3%) shows a 0.13-unit times increase in tissue dissolution ability with a degree rise in temperature although not statistically significant. Due to inconsistency in the study parameters, results pertaining to the exclusive effect of increase in the temperature of sodium hypochlorite remain inconclusive.
{"title":"Does increase in temperature of sodium hypochlorite have enhanced antimicrobial efficacy and tissue dissolution property? – A systematic review and meta-regression","authors":"Lokhasudhan Govindaraju, ST Shruthi, Rajeswari Gopal, Sowjanyaa Jenarthanan, Mathan Rajan Rajendran","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_110_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_110_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The objective of this study was to analyze the available evidence on the performance of increase in temperature of sodium hypochlorite on its antimicrobial efficacy and tissue dissolution property.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, and a modified Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used for quality assessment of the included studies. Two reviewers independently performed an electronic search in four databases along with the reference lists of the included articles.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This systematic review included a total of 12 studies: antimicrobial efficacy (n = 6) and tissue dissolution property (n = 6). For the studies that were chosen, the overall risk of bias was moderate. Quantitative assessment through meta-regression was performed for tissue dissolution property. Low-concentration sodium hypochlorite irrigant (≤3%) shows a 0.13-unit times increase in tissue dissolution ability with a degree rise in temperature although not statistically significant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Due to inconsistency in the study parameters, results pertaining to the exclusive effect of increase in the temperature of sodium hypochlorite remain inconclusive.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"60 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_208_24
Atharv Pramod Kharkar, K. Reddy, Satyabrat Banerjee, Zinnie Maheshwari
Knowledge of tooth anatomy and its variations are essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Dilacerations represent developmental anomalies marked by sudden deviations in a tooth’s longitudinal axis. Common causes of treatment failures in such cases are primarily related to procedural errors such as ledging, fractured instruments, canal blockages, zipping, and elbow creations. The current case series presents three such interesting cases of endodontic management of curved root canals in mandibular molars.
{"title":"Coping with complexity: Navigating severe curve canals in endodontic root canal treatment: A clinical case series","authors":"Atharv Pramod Kharkar, K. Reddy, Satyabrat Banerjee, Zinnie Maheshwari","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_208_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_208_24","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of tooth anatomy and its variations are essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Dilacerations represent developmental anomalies marked by sudden deviations in a tooth’s longitudinal axis. Common causes of treatment failures in such cases are primarily related to procedural errors such as ledging, fractured instruments, canal blockages, zipping, and elbow creations. The current case series presents three such interesting cases of endodontic management of curved root canals in mandibular molars.","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_192_24
Asmat Fatima, Huma Iftekhar, Sharique Alam, R. Tewari, Mukhtar Andrabi
The objective of the study was to assess the shear bond strength of bulk-fill flowable composite resin smart dentin replacement plus when bonded to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-angelus, biodentine, and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) at two different aging periods (15 min and 72 h) using three distinct adhesive systems. In addition, the study identified the specific modes of failure (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed) using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. One hundred and twenty-six cylindrical acrylic blocks used in the study were sorted into three groups based on the bioactive substance used to fill the 3-mm diameter and 3-mm high hole in the center of each block. The groups were MTA, Biodentine, and CEM. The specimens were then divided into subgroups based on the aging interval (15 min and 72 h) of the bioactive material and the adhesive system used (two-step total-etch, two-step self-etch [SE], and one-step SE) while bonding to the restorative bulk-fill flowable composite. The shear bond strength values were measured with a universal testing machine, and the data were analyzed using two-way and one-way analysis of variance, followed by a post hoc test. The specimens were assessed under stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope to characterize the mode of bond failure (cohesive, adhesive, or mixed). The study showed that the type of adhesive system and the time of bonding affected the shear bond strength of bulk-fill composite to the pulp capping agents (P < 0.05). For MTA, the highest bond strength was observed with two-step SE group at 15 min (18.16 ± 2.97 MPa) (P < 0.05). CEM exhibited the highest bond strength with two-step SE group at 72 h intervals (8.77 ± 1.76) (P < 0.05). The highest bond strength for biodentine group was observed with total-etch group (8.54 ± 1.35 Mpa) and two-step SE (8.19 ± 1.94 Mpa) bonded at 72 h interval (P < 0.05). The majority of the samples in the MTA group (29/42) and CEM group (20/42) showed a cohesive fracture, whereas Biodentine group (22/42) had an adhesive fracture in most of its samples. MTA demonstrated the highest bond strength with two-step SE group at 15 min, and CEM exhibited the highest bond strength with two-step SE groups at 72 h interval. For biodentine group, the type of adhesive used did not impact the bond strength values.
该研究的目的是使用三种不同的粘合剂系统，在两个不同的老化期（15 分钟和 72 小时）内评估批量填充可流动复合树脂智能牙本质替代加合物与三氧化二铝矿物骨料 (MTA)-angelus、生物碱和富钙混合物 (CEM) 粘合时的剪切粘结强度。此外，研究还使用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜确定了具体的失效模式（粘合、内聚或混合）。 研究中使用的 126 块圆柱形丙烯酸树脂块根据每块中心 3 毫米直径、3 毫米高的孔中填充的生物活性物质分为三组。这三组分别是 MTA、Biodentine 和 CEM。然后，根据生物活性材料的老化间隔（15 分钟和 72 小时）和粘接剂系统（两步全蚀、两步自蚀 [SE] 和一步 SE），将试样分为几个亚组，同时与修复体填充流动复合材料粘接。使用万能试验机测量剪切粘接强度值，并使用双向和单向方差分析对数据进行分析，然后进行事后检验。在体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下对试样进行评估，以确定粘接破坏的模式（内聚、粘合或混合）。 研究结果表明，粘合剂系统的类型和粘合时间会影响膨体填充复合材料与牙髓封盖剂的剪切粘结强度（P < 0.05）。对于 MTA，两步 SE 组在 15 分钟时的粘接强度最高（18.16 ± 2.97 兆帕）（P < 0.05）。CEM 与两步 SE 组在 72 小时间隔时的粘接强度最高（8.77 ± 1.76）（P < 0.05）。生物菌素组的最高粘接强度出现在全蚀组（8.54 ± 1.35 Mpa）和两步 SE 组（8.19 ± 1.94 Mpa），粘接时间间隔为 72 小时（P < 0.05）。在 MTA 组（29/42）和 CEM 组（20/42）中，大多数样本都出现了内聚性断裂，而在 Biodentine 组（22/42）中，大多数样本都出现了粘连性断裂。 MTA 在 15 分钟时与两步 SE 组的粘接强度最高，CEM 在 72 小时时与两步 SE 组的粘接强度最高。生物菌素组使用的粘合剂类型对粘合强度值没有影响。
{"title":"Comparative evaluations of shear bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine, and calcium-enriched mixture to bulk-fill flowable composite using three different adhesive systems: An in vitro study","authors":"Asmat Fatima, Huma Iftekhar, Sharique Alam, R. Tewari, Mukhtar Andrabi","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_192_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_192_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The objective of the study was to assess the shear bond strength of bulk-fill flowable composite resin smart dentin replacement plus when bonded to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-angelus, biodentine, and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) at two different aging periods (15 min and 72 h) using three distinct adhesive systems. In addition, the study identified the specific modes of failure (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed) using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One hundred and twenty-six cylindrical acrylic blocks used in the study were sorted into three groups based on the bioactive substance used to fill the 3-mm diameter and 3-mm high hole in the center of each block. The groups were MTA, Biodentine, and CEM. The specimens were then divided into subgroups based on the aging interval (15 min and 72 h) of the bioactive material and the adhesive system used (two-step total-etch, two-step self-etch [SE], and one-step SE) while bonding to the restorative bulk-fill flowable composite. The shear bond strength values were measured with a universal testing machine, and the data were analyzed using two-way and one-way analysis of variance, followed by a post hoc test. The specimens were assessed under stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope to characterize the mode of bond failure (cohesive, adhesive, or mixed).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study showed that the type of adhesive system and the time of bonding affected the shear bond strength of bulk-fill composite to the pulp capping agents (P < 0.05). For MTA, the highest bond strength was observed with two-step SE group at 15 min (18.16 ± 2.97 MPa) (P < 0.05). CEM exhibited the highest bond strength with two-step SE group at 72 h intervals (8.77 ± 1.76) (P < 0.05). The highest bond strength for biodentine group was observed with total-etch group (8.54 ± 1.35 Mpa) and two-step SE (8.19 ± 1.94 Mpa) bonded at 72 h interval (P < 0.05). The majority of the samples in the MTA group (29/42) and CEM group (20/42) showed a cohesive fracture, whereas Biodentine group (22/42) had an adhesive fracture in most of its samples.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 MTA demonstrated the highest bond strength with two-step SE group at 15 min, and CEM exhibited the highest bond strength with two-step SE groups at 72 h interval. For biodentine group, the type of adhesive used did not impact the bond strength values.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"78 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_213_24
Sophia Saud, Indiresha H Narayana
Regenerative endodontic procedures allow reinforcement of root canal wall and continuation of root development, opening new therapeutic possibilities. The root canal system of infected teeth is colonized by a variety of microorganisms, which hinder the regenerative process, leading to treatment failure if not adequately addressed, thereby requiring careful attention to microbial control. The aim of the study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and gold nanoparticles (AuNps) against Enterococcus faecalis. Intravenous blood (5–6 ml) was drawn from four healthy individuals, and A-PRF was prepared through centrifugation at 1500 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 14 min. A-PRF was doped with 3 µl of AuNps and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using disk diffusion; inhibition zones were measured. For minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), A-PRF + AuNps were added to the microbial broth at varying concentrations to determine growth inhibition and microbial death. Disk diffusion assays revealed significant antibacterial effects against E. faecalis. Norfloxacin displayed the highest mean zone of inhibition (20.33 ± 1.53 mm), followed by the Test group (A-PRF + AuNPs) (19.33 ± 0.58 mm). Multiple comparisons indicated significant differences (P < 0.001). MIC of A-PRF + AuNPs against E. faecalis was 0.031 mg/ml, with MBC at 0.015 mg/ml. The addition of AuNPs to A-PRF offers the potential for sustained growth factor release while maintaining the sterility of the canal, leading to successful revitalization and regeneration. The combined use of A-PRF + AuNps shows promise for enhancing revascularization in necrotic immature permanent teeth.
{"title":"Enriched advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus gold nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis for its potential use in revascularization for necrotic immature permanent teeth","authors":"Sophia Saud, Indiresha H Narayana","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_213_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_213_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Regenerative endodontic procedures allow reinforcement of root canal wall and continuation of root development, opening new therapeutic possibilities. The root canal system of infected teeth is colonized by a variety of microorganisms, which hinder the regenerative process, leading to treatment failure if not adequately addressed, thereby requiring careful attention to microbial control.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and gold nanoparticles (AuNps) against Enterococcus faecalis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Intravenous blood (5–6 ml) was drawn from four healthy individuals, and A-PRF was prepared through centrifugation at 1500 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 14 min. A-PRF was doped with 3 µl of AuNps and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using disk diffusion; inhibition zones were measured. For minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), A-PRF + AuNps were added to the microbial broth at varying concentrations to determine growth inhibition and microbial death.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Disk diffusion assays revealed significant antibacterial effects against E. faecalis. Norfloxacin displayed the highest mean zone of inhibition (20.33 ± 1.53 mm), followed by the Test group (A-PRF + AuNPs) (19.33 ± 0.58 mm). Multiple comparisons indicated significant differences (P < 0.001). MIC of A-PRF + AuNPs against E. faecalis was 0.031 mg/ml, with MBC at 0.015 mg/ml.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The addition of AuNPs to A-PRF offers the potential for sustained growth factor release while maintaining the sterility of the canal, leading to successful revitalization and regeneration. The combined use of A-PRF + AuNps shows promise for enhancing revascularization in necrotic immature permanent teeth.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"56 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_201_24
Manali N. Solanki, K. Attur, Kiran Vachhani, Nikunj A. Patel, Moksha A. Shah, Dhruvi M. Doshi
Dental bleaching, a common cosmetic treatment, typically uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Yet, the search for natural options has prompted an investigation into fruit extract efficacies such as papain, bromelain, and actinidin for tooth whitening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 30% hydrogen peroxide and fruit extracts (papaya, pineapple, and kiwi) on human enamel using a spectrophotometer at different time intervals. Eighty maxillary anterior teeth were stained with tea solution and evaluated for baseline color. They were then divided into four groups: hydrogen peroxide alone and hydrogen peroxide combined with papaya, pineapple, or kiwi extracts. Each group was further divided based on bleaching duration: 10 or 20 min. The color value of the bleached teeth was measured using a reflectance spectrophotometer. In order to analyze the data, one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey, and paired t-tests were used. The significance level was established at α =0.05. Combining hydrogen peroxide with pineapple extract showed the highest efficacy, followed by papaya and kiwi extracts. Hydrogen peroxide alone also demonstrated significant bleaching efficacy, albeit lower than the combinations with fruit extracts. Combining hydrogen peroxide with pineapple and papaya extracts notably improves dental bleaching efficacy, as shown by reduced color difference (ΔE) values. This underscores the potential of natural enzymes in tooth whitening.
{"title":"Phytochemicals in vital tooth bleaching: Spectrophotometric evaluation of efficacy with papaya, pineapple, or kiwi extracts and 30% hydrogen peroxide","authors":"Manali N. Solanki, K. Attur, Kiran Vachhani, Nikunj A. Patel, Moksha A. Shah, Dhruvi M. Doshi","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_201_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_201_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Dental bleaching, a common cosmetic treatment, typically uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Yet, the search for natural options has prompted an investigation into fruit extract efficacies such as papain, bromelain, and actinidin for tooth whitening.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 30% hydrogen peroxide and fruit extracts (papaya, pineapple, and kiwi) on human enamel using a spectrophotometer at different time intervals.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Eighty maxillary anterior teeth were stained with tea solution and evaluated for baseline color. They were then divided into four groups: hydrogen peroxide alone and hydrogen peroxide combined with papaya, pineapple, or kiwi extracts. Each group was further divided based on bleaching duration: 10 or 20 min.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The color value of the bleached teeth was measured using a reflectance spectrophotometer. In order to analyze the data, one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey, and paired t-tests were used. The significance level was established at α =0.05.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Combining hydrogen peroxide with pineapple extract showed the highest efficacy, followed by papaya and kiwi extracts. Hydrogen peroxide alone also demonstrated significant bleaching efficacy, albeit lower than the combinations with fruit extracts.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Combining hydrogen peroxide with pineapple and papaya extracts notably improves dental bleaching efficacy, as shown by reduced color difference (ΔE) values. This underscores the potential of natural enzymes in tooth whitening.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. P. Srikumar, Vaishnavi Gadbail, Arvind Kumar Alexander, Geeta Nishad, Shripriya Rahane, J. S. Beautlin
Root canal instrumentation is one of the important procedures for successful endodontic therapy. Unexpected fracture of files occurs during root canal instrumentation without any visible signs of deformation compromising the success of root canal treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of rotary and reciprocating files in simulated canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature. The study design was an In vitro study. Sixty nickel–titanium files, 30 each of rotary and reciprocating files were selected and divided into four groups (n = 15) of Neoendo Flex, ProTaper Next, WaveOne Gold (WOG), and Reciproc Blue (RPB) files. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups containing five samples each based on their use in simulated canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature. To simulate root canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature, three artificial canals were designed in a stainless steel metal block. Each file was autoclaved, immersed in 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and coated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Each file was tested for CFR using a torque-controlled reduction handpiece by instrumenting in a simulated canal for 10 s until fracture. The cycle of autoclaving, exposure to NaOCl, EDTA, and testing of CFR for 10 s per canal as per groups and subgroups was repeated again and again until the respective file fracture. The time taken to file fracture was recorded using a digital chronometer. The time taken for each file fracture (in minutes) was multiplied by the number of rotations per minute to attain the number of cycles to failure (NCF). The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test. One-way ANOVA test showed a statistically significant difference between the four groups, P < 0.001. Independent “t”-test between individual subgroups showed a statistically significant difference, as P < 0.05. WOG and RPB reciprocating file systems showed superior CFR, more especially in canals with abrupt 90° angle of curvature compared to both rotary file systems tested. Among rotary file systems tested, Neoendo Flex showed greater CFR than ProTaper Next.
{"title":"An in vitro comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of two rotary and two reciprocating file systems","authors":"G. P. Srikumar, Vaishnavi Gadbail, Arvind Kumar Alexander, Geeta Nishad, Shripriya Rahane, J. S. Beautlin","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_2_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_2_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Root canal instrumentation is one of the important procedures for successful endodontic therapy. Unexpected fracture of files occurs during root canal instrumentation without any visible signs of deformation compromising the success of root canal treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of rotary and reciprocating files in simulated canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study design was an In vitro study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Sixty nickel–titanium files, 30 each of rotary and reciprocating files were selected and divided into four groups (n = 15) of Neoendo Flex, ProTaper Next, WaveOne Gold (WOG), and Reciproc Blue (RPB) files. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups containing five samples each based on their use in simulated canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature. To simulate root canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature, three artificial canals were designed in a stainless steel metal block. Each file was autoclaved, immersed in 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and coated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Each file was tested for CFR using a torque-controlled reduction handpiece by instrumenting in a simulated canal for 10 s until fracture. The cycle of autoclaving, exposure to NaOCl, EDTA, and testing of CFR for 10 s per canal as per groups and subgroups was repeated again and again until the respective file fracture. The time taken to file fracture was recorded using a digital chronometer. The time taken for each file fracture (in minutes) was multiplied by the number of rotations per minute to attain the number of cycles to failure (NCF).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One-way ANOVA test showed a statistically significant difference between the four groups, P < 0.001. Independent “t”-test between individual subgroups showed a statistically significant difference, as P < 0.05.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 WOG and RPB reciprocating file systems showed superior CFR, more especially in canals with abrupt 90° angle of curvature compared to both rotary file systems tested. Among rotary file systems tested, Neoendo Flex showed greater CFR than ProTaper Next.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"125 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alreem Subedar, Shishir Singh, R. Podar, Abhishek Laha, Avinash Salgar, Roshan U. Shetty, Teena Sitlaney
The objective of the present research was to assess and compare the residual dentin thickness after biomechanical preparation of teeth using three distinct rotary nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) file systems. In the current experimental study, a total of 45 single-rooted teeth were selected for the analysis. The cementoenamel junction of each tooth was decoronated using a diamond disc. The teeth were randomly allocated to three groups, with each group representing a different rotary file system: Group 1: Hero GOLD (Micro Mega), Group 2: One Curve (Micro Mega), and Group 3: HyFlex electro-discharge machining (EDM) (Coltene-Whaledent, Altstatten, Switzerland). To evaluate the initial condition of the teeth, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were conducted before the biomechanical preparation. The teeth were positioned on a modeling wax sheet, and the CBCT scans provided baseline measurements. The biomechanical preparation of the root canals followed the manufacturer’s recommended guidelines for each file system. After the completion of the canal preparation, follow-up CBCT scans were conducted. The postprocedure CBCT scans were then compared with the initial scans to assess any changes in the residual thickness of dentin in the teeth. Post hoc Tukey analysis of variance tests was utilized to examine differences between the groups. A statistically significant result was defined as P = 0.05 or less for every test. The comparison of preinstrumentation and postinstrumentation CBCT images showed that the HyFlex EDM group removed less dentin clinically compared to the other two groups, i.e., Hero GOLD and One Curve. No significant statistical difference was found between Hero GOLD versus One Curve, One Curve versus HyFlex EDM, and Hero GOLD versus HyFlex EDM. Based on the results of this study, the HyFlex EDM file system exhibited superior cutting efficiency at various levels. Nonetheless, additional investigations are required to comprehensively assess the influence of Ni-Ti rotary file systems on the remaining dentin thickness.
{"title":"An in vitro comparative evaluation of efficiency of three rotary nickel–titanium file systems in terms of remaining dentin thickness using cone-beam computed tomography","authors":"Alreem Subedar, Shishir Singh, R. Podar, Abhishek Laha, Avinash Salgar, Roshan U. Shetty, Teena Sitlaney","doi":"10.4103/jcd.jcd_310_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_310_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The objective of the present research was to assess and compare the residual dentin thickness after biomechanical preparation of teeth using three distinct rotary nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) file systems.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the current experimental study, a total of 45 single-rooted teeth were selected for the analysis. The cementoenamel junction of each tooth was decoronated using a diamond disc. The teeth were randomly allocated to three groups, with each group representing a different rotary file system: Group 1: Hero GOLD (Micro Mega), Group 2: One Curve (Micro Mega), and Group 3: HyFlex electro-discharge machining (EDM) (Coltene-Whaledent, Altstatten, Switzerland). To evaluate the initial condition of the teeth, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were conducted before the biomechanical preparation. The teeth were positioned on a modeling wax sheet, and the CBCT scans provided baseline measurements. The biomechanical preparation of the root canals followed the manufacturer’s recommended guidelines for each file system. After the completion of the canal preparation, follow-up CBCT scans were conducted. The postprocedure CBCT scans were then compared with the initial scans to assess any changes in the residual thickness of dentin in the teeth.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Post hoc Tukey analysis of variance tests was utilized to examine differences between the groups. A statistically significant result was defined as P = 0.05 or less for every test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The comparison of preinstrumentation and postinstrumentation CBCT images showed that the HyFlex EDM group removed less dentin clinically compared to the other two groups, i.e., Hero GOLD and One Curve. No significant statistical difference was found between Hero GOLD versus One Curve, One Curve versus HyFlex EDM, and Hero GOLD versus HyFlex EDM.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Based on the results of this study, the HyFlex EDM file system exhibited superior cutting efficiency at various levels. Nonetheless, additional investigations are required to comprehensively assess the influence of Ni-Ti rotary file systems on the remaining dentin thickness.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_215_24
M. Kirthiga, George Thomas, Sunil Jose, V. J. Adarsh, Saron Nair
The main objective of endodontic therapy is to achieve a sterile environment and three-dimensional filling of the root canals. Endodontic sealers play an important role in the obturation of the root canal system as they may provide a seal, which prevents the penetration of bacteria. Sealers are meant to entomb residual bacteria, prevent leakage of nutrients, and ideally possess antibacterial properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of calcium silicate-based bioceramic root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar diffusion method. The materials were divided into four groups of nine samples each for both E. faecalis and S. aureus. Group I (control group) – MTA-Fillapex (Angelus), Group II – BioRoot RCS (Septodont), Group III – Bio-C Sealer (Angelus), and Group IV – Dia-Root Bio Sealer (Diadent). To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the samples, the agar diffusion method was utilized. To begin, a bacterial suspension was evenly spread onto sterile Petri dishes using sterile swabs. Four wells of 4 mm diameter were then punched, and the sealers were mixed following the manufacturer’s instructions and placed onto the prepared wells. The Petri dishes were then incubated at 37°C for 72 h. After incubation, the zones of inhibition around each well were measured at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, and the resulting values were statistically analyzed. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test. Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers showed significantly better efficacy than the control group. BioRoot RCS (3.44 ± 1.13 mm) showed maximum antibacterial effect against E. faecalis at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h time intervals. Bio-C Sealer (16.44 ± 1.42 mm) showed maximum antibacterial effect against S. aureus at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h time intervals. The effectiveness of root canal sealants eventually decreased over a period. Based on analysis using the ANOVA test, a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was observed between the mean values of antimicrobial efficacy of sealers against both E. faeca lis and S. aureus. The study’s findings lead to the conclusion that BioRoot RCS showed a maximum antibacterial effect against E . faecal is and Bio-C Sealer showed maximum antibacterial effect against S. aureus at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.
{"title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of calcium silicate-based bioceramic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus – An in vitro study","authors":"M. Kirthiga, George Thomas, Sunil Jose, V. J. Adarsh, Saron Nair","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_215_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_215_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The main objective of endodontic therapy is to achieve a sterile environment and three-dimensional filling of the root canals. Endodontic sealers play an important role in the obturation of the root canal system as they may provide a seal, which prevents the penetration of bacteria. Sealers are meant to entomb residual bacteria, prevent leakage of nutrients, and ideally possess antibacterial properties.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of calcium silicate-based bioceramic root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar diffusion method.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The materials were divided into four groups of nine samples each for both E. faecalis and S. aureus. Group I (control group) – MTA-Fillapex (Angelus), Group II – BioRoot RCS (Septodont), Group III – Bio-C Sealer (Angelus), and Group IV – Dia-Root Bio Sealer (Diadent). To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the samples, the agar diffusion method was utilized. To begin, a bacterial suspension was evenly spread onto sterile Petri dishes using sterile swabs. Four wells of 4 mm diameter were then punched, and the sealers were mixed following the manufacturer’s instructions and placed onto the prepared wells. The Petri dishes were then incubated at 37°C for 72 h. After incubation, the zones of inhibition around each well were measured at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, and the resulting values were statistically analyzed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The data were analyzed using the ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers showed significantly better efficacy than the control group. BioRoot RCS (3.44 ± 1.13 mm) showed maximum antibacterial effect against E. faecalis at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h time intervals. Bio-C Sealer (16.44 ± 1.42 mm) showed maximum antibacterial effect against S. aureus at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h time intervals. The effectiveness of root canal sealants eventually decreased over a period. Based on analysis using the ANOVA test, a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was observed between the mean values of antimicrobial efficacy of sealers against both E. faeca\u0000 lis and S. aureus.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study’s findings lead to the conclusion that BioRoot RCS showed a maximum antibacterial effect against E\u0000 . faecal\u0000 is and Bio-C Sealer showed maximum antibacterial effect against S. aureus at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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