Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_257_23
Sneh Mishra, S. Taneja, V. Bhalla, Akshay Rathore
The study aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of biodentine (BD) alone, BD along with Lyophilised freeze dried platelet rich concentrate (LPC + BD), and BD along with low-level laser therapy (BD + LLLT) after pulpotomy in mature permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis. The study was designed as a randomized, pragmatic, parallel, double-blinded clinical trial registered under the Clinical Trial Registry–India (CTRI/2020/02/023245). 120 permanent molars fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis were randomized after performing pulpotomy into three pulp capping groups: Group 1, BD; Group 2, lyophilized freeze-dried platelet-rich concentrate + BD (LPC + BD); and Group 3, Low level laser therapy + BD Group 3, LLLT + BD. The intergroup comparison was done using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test. The level of significance and confidence interval were 5% and 95%, respectively. Interobserver reliability was measured using Cohen’s kappa analysis. At 1 week, there was a significant difference (P < 0.005) observed in the mean postoperative pain levels between the three groups with Group 1 (BD) exhibiting the highest postoperative pain followed by Group 2 (LPC + BD) and least pain was exhibited by Group 3 (LLLT + BD). A similar pattern was observed regarding the analgesic intake with maximum frequency in Group 1 (BD) and least with Group 3 (LLLT + BD). No significant difference in success rates was reported among the groups. Pulpotomy as a treatment option for mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis has an acceptable clinical success rate; however, long-term overall success rate remains questionable. The outcomes of incorporating adjunctive modalities with BD are remarkable and show tremendous potential for continued development and research.
{"title":"Outcome of novel pulp capping modalities after full pulpotomy in teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis: A prospective randomized clinical trial","authors":"Sneh Mishra, S. Taneja, V. Bhalla, Akshay Rathore","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_257_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_257_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of biodentine (BD) alone, BD along with Lyophilised freeze dried platelet rich concentrate (LPC + BD), and BD along with low-level laser therapy (BD + LLLT) after pulpotomy in mature permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study was designed as a randomized, pragmatic, parallel, double-blinded clinical trial registered under the Clinical Trial Registry–India (CTRI/2020/02/023245). 120 permanent molars fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis were randomized after performing pulpotomy into three pulp capping groups: Group 1, BD; Group 2, lyophilized freeze-dried platelet-rich concentrate + BD (LPC + BD); and Group 3, Low level laser therapy + BD Group 3, LLLT + BD. The intergroup comparison was done using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test. The level of significance and confidence interval were 5% and 95%, respectively. Interobserver reliability was measured using Cohen’s kappa analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 At 1 week, there was a significant difference (P < 0.005) observed in the mean postoperative pain levels between the three groups with Group 1 (BD) exhibiting the highest postoperative pain followed by Group 2 (LPC + BD) and least pain was exhibited by Group 3 (LLLT + BD). A similar pattern was observed regarding the analgesic intake with maximum frequency in Group 1 (BD) and least with Group 3 (LLLT + BD). No significant difference in success rates was reported among the groups.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pulpotomy as a treatment option for mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis has an acceptable clinical success rate; however, long-term overall success rate remains questionable. The outcomes of incorporating adjunctive modalities with BD are remarkable and show tremendous potential for continued development and research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"15 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139817797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_248_23
Paridhi Agrawal, M. Chandak, P. Nikhade, Aditya Satyawansingh Patel, Jay Bhopatkar
Nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments have become the backbone of endodontics due to their exceptional properties, superelasticity, and shape memory. However, challenges such as unexpected breakage, poor cutting efficiency, and corrosion have prompted researchers to explore innovative surface modifications to enhance their performance. This comprehensive review discusses the latest advancements in NiTi metallurgy and their impact on rotary NiTi file systems. Various surface treatment techniques, including ion implantation, cryogenic treatment (CT), thermal nitridation, electropolishing, and physical or chemical vapor deposition, have been investigated to minimize defects, boost surface hardness, and improve cyclic fatigue resistance. Ion implantation has shown promise by increasing wear resistance and cutting efficiency through nitrogen ion incorporation. Thermal nitridation has successfully formed titanium nitride (TiN) coatings, resulting in improved corrosion resistance and cutting efficiency. CT has demonstrated increased cutting efficiency and overall strength by creating a martensite transformation and finer carbide particles. Electropolishing has yielded mixed results, providing smoother surfaces but varying impacts on fatigue resistance. Physical or chemical vapor deposition has proven effective in forming TiN coatings, enhancing hardness and wear resistance. Furthermore, the concept of surface functionalization with silver ions for antibacterial properties has been explored. These advancements present an exciting future for endodontic procedures, offering the potential for enhanced NiTi instruments with improved performance, durability, and patient outcomes.
镍钛（NiTi）器械因其卓越的性能、超强的弹性和形状记忆能力，已成为牙髓病学的支柱。然而，意外断裂、切割效率低下和腐蚀等挑战促使研究人员探索创新的表面改性技术，以提高其性能。本综述讨论了镍钛冶金学的最新进展及其对旋转镍钛锉系统的影响。研究人员研究了各种表面处理技术，包括离子注入、低温处理 (CT)、热氮化、电抛光以及物理或化学气相沉积，以尽量减少缺陷、提高表面硬度并改善抗循环疲劳性能。离子注入法通过氮离子的加入提高了耐磨性和切削效率，前景看好。热氮化已成功形成氮化钛（TiN）涂层，从而提高了耐腐蚀性和切割效率。CT 通过产生马氏体转变和更细的碳化物颗粒，提高了切削效率和整体强度。电抛光的结果有好有坏，表面更光滑，但对抗疲劳性的影响各不相同。事实证明，物理或化学气相沉积可有效形成 TiN 涂层，提高硬度和耐磨性。此外，人们还探索了用银离子进行表面功能化以获得抗菌性能的概念。这些进步为牙髓治疗程序带来了令人振奋的未来，为改进镍钛器械的性能、耐用性和患者疗效提供了可能。
{"title":"Revolutionizing endodontics: Advancements in nickel–titanium instrument surfaces","authors":"Paridhi Agrawal, M. Chandak, P. Nikhade, Aditya Satyawansingh Patel, Jay Bhopatkar","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_248_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_248_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments have become the backbone of endodontics due to their exceptional properties, superelasticity, and shape memory. However, challenges such as unexpected breakage, poor cutting efficiency, and corrosion have prompted researchers to explore innovative surface modifications to enhance their performance. This comprehensive review discusses the latest advancements in NiTi metallurgy and their impact on rotary NiTi file systems. Various surface treatment techniques, including ion implantation, cryogenic treatment (CT), thermal nitridation, electropolishing, and physical or chemical vapor deposition, have been investigated to minimize defects, boost surface hardness, and improve cyclic fatigue resistance. Ion implantation has shown promise by increasing wear resistance and cutting efficiency through nitrogen ion incorporation. Thermal nitridation has successfully formed titanium nitride (TiN) coatings, resulting in improved corrosion resistance and cutting efficiency. CT has demonstrated increased cutting efficiency and overall strength by creating a martensite transformation and finer carbide particles. Electropolishing has yielded mixed results, providing smoother surfaces but varying impacts on fatigue resistance. Physical or chemical vapor deposition has proven effective in forming TiN coatings, enhancing hardness and wear resistance. Furthermore, the concept of surface functionalization with silver ions for antibacterial properties has been explored. These advancements present an exciting future for endodontic procedures, offering the potential for enhanced NiTi instruments with improved performance, durability, and patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"174 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139822044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_235_23
Aashish Handa, K. Bhullar, Roohan Malhar Sandhu
Esthetic appearance of the face is a major concern in self-image among the majority of the population. The dimensions, anatomy, and arrangement of maxillary anterior are the key factors in the esthetic appearance of the face. The present study aimed to measure the mesiodistal dimensions of maxillary anterior teeth and analyzing the golden proportion in the representative North Indian population. Subjects were seated in the upright position in a dental clinical chair. A digital Vernier caliper was used to record the mesiodistal dimensions of central incisors (CIs), lateral incisor (LI), and canine (C) teeth in maximum smile position. A total of three sets of recordings were made by a single observer to avoid the measurement bias of both left and right sides of teeth. Digital images were also captured. Obtained measurements were used for the calculation of ratios and statistical analysis was done. The prevalence of golden ratio between right CI/LI was observed in 3.1% males and 3.2% females. The calculated median ratio was 1.2 for males and 1.3 for females which differs significantly (P > 0.05) from the golden ratio. The divine proportion between visible portion of right C/LI was seen in 39.5% males and 32.3% females with calculated median value for males being 0.6 and that for females was 0.7. The prevalence of golden proportion between the CI/LI in esthetically pleasing smiles was too small (mean-3.9 in males and 2.75 in females) while the golden ratio of 0.6 was found in the majority of the population irrespective of the gender.
{"title":"An analysis of maxillary anterior teeth dimensions for the existence of golden proportion in the representative North Indian population","authors":"Aashish Handa, K. Bhullar, Roohan Malhar Sandhu","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_235_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_235_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Esthetic appearance of the face is a major concern in self-image among the majority of the population. The dimensions, anatomy, and arrangement of maxillary anterior are the key factors in the esthetic appearance of the face.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study aimed to measure the mesiodistal dimensions of maxillary anterior teeth and analyzing the golden proportion in the representative North Indian population.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Subjects were seated in the upright position in a dental clinical chair. A digital Vernier caliper was used to record the mesiodistal dimensions of central incisors (CIs), lateral incisor (LI), and canine (C) teeth in maximum smile position. A total of three sets of recordings were made by a single observer to avoid the measurement bias of both left and right sides of teeth. Digital images were also captured. Obtained measurements were used for the calculation of ratios and statistical analysis was done.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The prevalence of golden ratio between right CI/LI was observed in 3.1% males and 3.2% females. The calculated median ratio was 1.2 for males and 1.3 for females which differs significantly (P > 0.05) from the golden ratio. The divine proportion between visible portion of right C/LI was seen in 39.5% males and 32.3% females with calculated median value for males being 0.6 and that for females was 0.7.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The prevalence of golden proportion between the CI/LI in esthetically pleasing smiles was too small (mean-3.9 in males and 2.75 in females) while the golden ratio of 0.6 was found in the majority of the population irrespective of the gender.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"204 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139827393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_235_23
Aashish Handa, K. Bhullar, Roohan Malhar Sandhu
Esthetic appearance of the face is a major concern in self-image among the majority of the population. The dimensions, anatomy, and arrangement of maxillary anterior are the key factors in the esthetic appearance of the face. The present study aimed to measure the mesiodistal dimensions of maxillary anterior teeth and analyzing the golden proportion in the representative North Indian population. Subjects were seated in the upright position in a dental clinical chair. A digital Vernier caliper was used to record the mesiodistal dimensions of central incisors (CIs), lateral incisor (LI), and canine (C) teeth in maximum smile position. A total of three sets of recordings were made by a single observer to avoid the measurement bias of both left and right sides of teeth. Digital images were also captured. Obtained measurements were used for the calculation of ratios and statistical analysis was done. The prevalence of golden ratio between right CI/LI was observed in 3.1% males and 3.2% females. The calculated median ratio was 1.2 for males and 1.3 for females which differs significantly (P > 0.05) from the golden ratio. The divine proportion between visible portion of right C/LI was seen in 39.5% males and 32.3% females with calculated median value for males being 0.6 and that for females was 0.7. The prevalence of golden proportion between the CI/LI in esthetically pleasing smiles was too small (mean-3.9 in males and 2.75 in females) while the golden ratio of 0.6 was found in the majority of the population irrespective of the gender.
{"title":"An analysis of maxillary anterior teeth dimensions for the existence of golden proportion in the representative North Indian population","authors":"Aashish Handa, K. Bhullar, Roohan Malhar Sandhu","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_235_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_235_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Esthetic appearance of the face is a major concern in self-image among the majority of the population. The dimensions, anatomy, and arrangement of maxillary anterior are the key factors in the esthetic appearance of the face.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study aimed to measure the mesiodistal dimensions of maxillary anterior teeth and analyzing the golden proportion in the representative North Indian population.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Subjects were seated in the upright position in a dental clinical chair. A digital Vernier caliper was used to record the mesiodistal dimensions of central incisors (CIs), lateral incisor (LI), and canine (C) teeth in maximum smile position. A total of three sets of recordings were made by a single observer to avoid the measurement bias of both left and right sides of teeth. Digital images were also captured. Obtained measurements were used for the calculation of ratios and statistical analysis was done.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The prevalence of golden ratio between right CI/LI was observed in 3.1% males and 3.2% females. The calculated median ratio was 1.2 for males and 1.3 for females which differs significantly (P > 0.05) from the golden ratio. The divine proportion between visible portion of right C/LI was seen in 39.5% males and 32.3% females with calculated median value for males being 0.6 and that for females was 0.7.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The prevalence of golden proportion between the CI/LI in esthetically pleasing smiles was too small (mean-3.9 in males and 2.75 in females) while the golden ratio of 0.6 was found in the majority of the population irrespective of the gender.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139887023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_264_23
Rahul S Halkai, S. Gopinagaruri, Kiran R Halkai
Composites with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles (CSN) are used recently; however, this combination needs to be studied in different cavity designs. The aim of the study was to compare the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars with different cavity geometries restored with different types of composite resins incorporated with 0.2% CSN. About 130 extracted human single-rooted maxillary premolars were embedded in acrylic molds 2 mm below cementoenamel junction, divided into five groups for cavity preparations of standardized dimensions. Group 1: (control) intact teeth (n = 10), Group 2: Class I cavities (n = 40), Group 3: Class II mesio-occlusal (MO) (n = 40), Group 4: Class II mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) (n = 40). Groups 2, 3, and 4 were subdivided into four subgroups for composite restoration; A: Neo spectra ST-Universal (NST); B: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill (TNC); C: NST + CSN; and D: TNC + CSN and tested for fracture resistance using universal testing machine. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s tests were used for data analysis (P ≤ 0.05). In all groups, the highest fracture resistance was found in MOD cavities, followed by MO and least in Class I cavities. Subgroup D (TNC with CSN) showed the highest fracture resistance in all groups (P ≤ 0.05). Tetric N-Ceramic bulk fill with 0.25% CSN showed high fracture resistance in cavities with different geometries.
{"title":"Evaluation of fracture resistance of maxillary premolars of different geometrical cavities restored with different composite resins incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles","authors":"Rahul S Halkai, S. Gopinagaruri, Kiran R Halkai","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_264_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_264_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Composites with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles (CSN) are used recently; however, this combination needs to be studied in different cavity designs.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to compare the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars with different cavity geometries restored with different types of composite resins incorporated with 0.2% CSN.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 About 130 extracted human single-rooted maxillary premolars were embedded in acrylic molds 2 mm below cementoenamel junction, divided into five groups for cavity preparations of standardized dimensions. Group 1: (control) intact teeth (n = 10), Group 2: Class I cavities (n = 40), Group 3: Class II mesio-occlusal (MO) (n = 40), Group 4: Class II mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) (n = 40). Groups 2, 3, and 4 were subdivided into four subgroups for composite restoration; A: Neo spectra ST-Universal (NST); B: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill (TNC); C: NST + CSN; and D: TNC + CSN and tested for fracture resistance using universal testing machine.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s tests were used for data analysis (P ≤ 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In all groups, the highest fracture resistance was found in MOD cavities, followed by MO and least in Class I cavities. Subgroup D (TNC with CSN) showed the highest fracture resistance in all groups (P ≤ 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Tetric N-Ceramic bulk fill with 0.25% CSN showed high fracture resistance in cavities with different geometries.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139890780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endocator-paradigm shift in the evaluation of microbial load in root canals","authors":"Shishir Singh, Nagesh Bolla","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_8_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_8_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"267 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139812612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_277_23
Prajhna R. Chavate, K. Ponnappa, A. Nanjappa
Instrumentation and irrigation balance helps in effective removal of endodontic microbes housing inside the smear layer. This study aimed to (1) evaluate whether activation of the irrigating solutions with two different systems during the final irrigation step can lead to smear layer formation in the middle and apical third of the root canal and (2) evaluate and compare the smear layer removal ability of the aqueous extracts of Emblica officinalis and Morinda citrifolia. A total of 72 single-rooted teeth were prepared up to F4 ProTaper. The specimens were assigned into eight groups of nine teeth each, according to the final irrigant and activation techniques. Further, the teeth were evaluated under SEM for endodontic smear layer at the middle and apical third. Inferential statistics included Pearson’s Chi-square. Level of significance was set at 0.05 at 95% confidence level. Ultrasonic activation system showed significant (P = 0.000) amount of smear layer compared to XP-Endo Finisher file. A significant difference (P = 0.00) in the smear layer removal was observed when 6% M. citrifolia was activated with XP-Endo Finisher file both in the middle and apical third. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that smear layer formation was noted with ultrasonic and XP-Endo Finisher file when saline was used as an irrigant. 6% M. citrifolia when activated with XP-Endo Finisher file showed best results among all other experimental groups.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the effect of ultrasonic and rotary agitation of herbal irrigating solutions on smear layer: A SEM study","authors":"Prajhna R. Chavate, K. Ponnappa, A. Nanjappa","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_277_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_277_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Instrumentation and irrigation balance helps in effective removal of endodontic microbes housing inside the smear layer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to (1) evaluate whether activation of the irrigating solutions with two different systems during the final irrigation step can lead to smear layer formation in the middle and apical third of the root canal and (2) evaluate and compare the smear layer removal ability of the aqueous extracts of Emblica officinalis and Morinda citrifolia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 72 single-rooted teeth were prepared up to F4 ProTaper. The specimens were assigned into eight groups of nine teeth each, according to the final irrigant and activation techniques. Further, the teeth were evaluated under SEM for endodontic smear layer at the middle and apical third.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Inferential statistics included Pearson’s Chi-square. Level of significance was set at 0.05 at 95% confidence level.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ultrasonic activation system showed significant (P = 0.000) amount of smear layer compared to XP-Endo Finisher file. A significant difference (P = 0.00) in the smear layer removal was observed when 6% M. citrifolia was activated with XP-Endo Finisher file both in the middle and apical third.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that smear layer formation was noted with ultrasonic and XP-Endo Finisher file when saline was used as an irrigant. 6% M. citrifolia when activated with XP-Endo Finisher file showed best results among all other experimental groups.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139815525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. R. Seshan, Hari Raghavendar Karthikeyan, R. M. Rajan, A. Rajakumaran, Preethi Varadan, Rajeswari Gopal
The accuracy of the digital impression method is responsible for fabricating crowns with adequate marginal fit which in turn determines the postendodontic prognosis. This systematic review was undertaken to identify the influence of the two digital impression techniques in producing full coverage crowns with better marginal fit. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement. A detailed search was done in electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, LILACS, Cochrane) along with hand searches of reference articles. In vivo crossover studies comparing the marginal fit of the computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) fabricated crowns from direct and indirect digital impressions published from inception till July 2023 were included in this review. The quality assessment of the included articles was done based on a modified Cochrane collaboration tool for crossover studies. A total of 280 articles were identified, after duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text evaluation, 7 articles were included in this systematic review. The overall quality of evidence is moderate. The CAD-CAM crowns fabricated from direct digital impressions exhibited a better marginal fit than those crowns fabricated by indirect digital impressions. The overall quality of evidence is moderate. Further clinical studies has to be conducted for evaluating the latest technologies towards achieving the misfit of zero.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the marginal fit of computer-aided design-computer aided manufacturing fabricated crowns from direct and indirect digital impression – A systematic review","authors":"R. R. Seshan, Hari Raghavendar Karthikeyan, R. M. Rajan, A. Rajakumaran, Preethi Varadan, Rajeswari Gopal","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_42_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_42_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The accuracy of the digital impression method is responsible for fabricating crowns with adequate marginal fit which in turn determines the postendodontic prognosis. This systematic review was undertaken to identify the influence of the two digital impression techniques in producing full coverage crowns with better marginal fit. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement. A detailed search was done in electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, LILACS, Cochrane) along with hand searches of reference articles. In vivo crossover studies comparing the marginal fit of the computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) fabricated crowns from direct and indirect digital impressions published from inception till July 2023 were included in this review. The quality assessment of the included articles was done based on a modified Cochrane collaboration tool for crossover studies. A total of 280 articles were identified, after duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text evaluation, 7 articles were included in this systematic review. The overall quality of evidence is moderate. The CAD-CAM crowns fabricated from direct digital impressions exhibited a better marginal fit than those crowns fabricated by indirect digital impressions. The overall quality of evidence is moderate. Further clinical studies has to be conducted for evaluating the latest technologies towards achieving the misfit of zero.","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139874627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_265_23
Yantrapragada Lakshmi Sunanda, K. Parvathaneni, T. Raju, Abitha Seshadri, Nadimpalli Mahendra Varma, G. Dondapati
The aim of the study is to evaluate the penetration depth of irrigants mixed with NaOCl into dentinal tubules at the apical third of the root canal using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Thirty-six single-rooted teeth were selected, decoronated, and straight-line access established. Then, the canal was enlarged with hand Protaper till size F3. The samples were divided randomly into three groups: Group 1 was irrigated with 3% NaOCl mixed with 1% phytic acid; Group 2 was irrigated with 3% NaOCl mixed with 18% etidronic acid; and Group 3 was irrigated with 3% NaOCl mixed with chitosan. The samples were subjected to CLSM evaluation. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc was used for statistical analysis. Group 3 (NaOCl with chitosan) showed a greater depth of penetration in comparison to Groups 1 and 2. Within limitations, it can be concluded that chitosan, in combination with NaOCl can be used as an alternative to the current irrigation protocol.
{"title":"Is a mix – A fix? “A microscopic analysis of depth of penetration of three combinations of irrigants”","authors":"Yantrapragada Lakshmi Sunanda, K. Parvathaneni, T. Raju, Abitha Seshadri, Nadimpalli Mahendra Varma, G. Dondapati","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_265_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_265_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study is to evaluate the penetration depth of irrigants mixed with NaOCl into dentinal tubules at the apical third of the root canal using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Thirty-six single-rooted teeth were selected, decoronated, and straight-line access established. Then, the canal was enlarged with hand Protaper till size F3. The samples were divided randomly into three groups: Group 1 was irrigated with 3% NaOCl mixed with 1% phytic acid; Group 2 was irrigated with 3% NaOCl mixed with 18% etidronic acid; and Group 3 was irrigated with 3% NaOCl mixed with chitosan. The samples were subjected to CLSM evaluation. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc was used for statistical analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Group 3 (NaOCl with chitosan) showed a greater depth of penetration in comparison to Groups 1 and 2.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Within limitations, it can be concluded that chitosan, in combination with NaOCl can be used as an alternative to the current irrigation protocol.\u0000","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"310 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139877220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_248_23
Paridhi Agrawal, M. Chandak, P. Nikhade, Aditya Satyawansingh Patel, Jay Bhopatkar
Nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments have become the backbone of endodontics due to their exceptional properties, superelasticity, and shape memory. However, challenges such as unexpected breakage, poor cutting efficiency, and corrosion have prompted researchers to explore innovative surface modifications to enhance their performance. This comprehensive review discusses the latest advancements in NiTi metallurgy and their impact on rotary NiTi file systems. Various surface treatment techniques, including ion implantation, cryogenic treatment (CT), thermal nitridation, electropolishing, and physical or chemical vapor deposition, have been investigated to minimize defects, boost surface hardness, and improve cyclic fatigue resistance. Ion implantation has shown promise by increasing wear resistance and cutting efficiency through nitrogen ion incorporation. Thermal nitridation has successfully formed titanium nitride (TiN) coatings, resulting in improved corrosion resistance and cutting efficiency. CT has demonstrated increased cutting efficiency and overall strength by creating a martensite transformation and finer carbide particles. Electropolishing has yielded mixed results, providing smoother surfaces but varying impacts on fatigue resistance. Physical or chemical vapor deposition has proven effective in forming TiN coatings, enhancing hardness and wear resistance. Furthermore, the concept of surface functionalization with silver ions for antibacterial properties has been explored. These advancements present an exciting future for endodontic procedures, offering the potential for enhanced NiTi instruments with improved performance, durability, and patient outcomes.
镍钛（NiTi）器械因其卓越的性能、超强的弹性和形状记忆能力，已成为牙髓病学的支柱。然而，意外断裂、切割效率低下和腐蚀等挑战促使研究人员探索创新的表面改性技术，以提高其性能。本综述讨论了镍钛冶金学的最新进展及其对旋转镍钛锉系统的影响。研究人员研究了各种表面处理技术，包括离子注入、低温处理 (CT)、热氮化、电抛光以及物理或化学气相沉积，以尽量减少缺陷、提高表面硬度并改善抗循环疲劳性能。离子注入法通过氮离子的加入提高了耐磨性和切削效率，前景看好。热氮化已成功形成氮化钛（TiN）涂层，从而提高了耐腐蚀性和切割效率。CT 通过产生马氏体转变和更细的碳化物颗粒，提高了切削效率和整体强度。电抛光的结果有好有坏，表面更光滑，但对抗疲劳性的影响各不相同。事实证明，物理或化学气相沉积可有效形成 TiN 涂层，提高硬度和耐磨性。此外，人们还探索了用银离子进行表面功能化以获得抗菌性能的概念。这些进步为牙髓治疗程序带来了令人振奋的未来，为改进镍钛器械的性能、耐用性和患者疗效提供了可能。
{"title":"Revolutionizing endodontics: Advancements in nickel–titanium instrument surfaces","authors":"Paridhi Agrawal, M. Chandak, P. Nikhade, Aditya Satyawansingh Patel, Jay Bhopatkar","doi":"10.4103/jcde.jcde_248_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_248_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments have become the backbone of endodontics due to their exceptional properties, superelasticity, and shape memory. However, challenges such as unexpected breakage, poor cutting efficiency, and corrosion have prompted researchers to explore innovative surface modifications to enhance their performance. This comprehensive review discusses the latest advancements in NiTi metallurgy and their impact on rotary NiTi file systems. Various surface treatment techniques, including ion implantation, cryogenic treatment (CT), thermal nitridation, electropolishing, and physical or chemical vapor deposition, have been investigated to minimize defects, boost surface hardness, and improve cyclic fatigue resistance. Ion implantation has shown promise by increasing wear resistance and cutting efficiency through nitrogen ion incorporation. Thermal nitridation has successfully formed titanium nitride (TiN) coatings, resulting in improved corrosion resistance and cutting efficiency. CT has demonstrated increased cutting efficiency and overall strength by creating a martensite transformation and finer carbide particles. Electropolishing has yielded mixed results, providing smoother surfaces but varying impacts on fatigue resistance. Physical or chemical vapor deposition has proven effective in forming TiN coatings, enhancing hardness and wear resistance. Furthermore, the concept of surface functionalization with silver ions for antibacterial properties has been explored. These advancements present an exciting future for endodontic procedures, offering the potential for enhanced NiTi instruments with improved performance, durability, and patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":516572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139882018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：