Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.267
Mousa Almousa, Tomomewo Olusegun, Y. Lim, K. Al-Zboon, Islam Khraisat, Ali Alshami, B. Ammary
The objective of this study was to establish a suitable chemical process to recover magnesium compounds from Dead Sea water using a selective precipitation process. The recovered magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) are applicable for wastewater treatment processes since they can effectively remove total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Magnesium salts recovered from Dead Sea water were compared with cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) and inorganic salts, including aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3, ferric chloride (FeCl3), and ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4) to investigate the removal efficiency of TSS and COD from wastewater using a chemical precipitation method by using coagulation and flocculation process. Results show that Mg(OH)2 yielded the highest TSS and COD removal efficiencies of 59 and 57%, respectively, with a wastewater pH of 11.5. MgCl2 yielded lower removal efficiencies of 46 and 44%, respectively; at pH 10.5, lower magnesium concentration doses were needed. The most effective chemical precipitation method for removal involved cationic PAM coagulants, resulting in an 86% reduction in TSS and a 65% reduction in COD. Combining commercial Fe2SO4 and MgCL2 recovered from Dead Sea water reduced up to 90 and 73% of TSS and COD, respectively.
{"title":"Chemical recovery of magnesium from the Dead Sea and its use in wastewater treatment","authors":"Mousa Almousa, Tomomewo Olusegun, Y. Lim, K. Al-Zboon, Islam Khraisat, Ali Alshami, B. Ammary","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.267","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The objective of this study was to establish a suitable chemical process to recover magnesium compounds from Dead Sea water using a selective precipitation process. The recovered magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) are applicable for wastewater treatment processes since they can effectively remove total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Magnesium salts recovered from Dead Sea water were compared with cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) and inorganic salts, including aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3, ferric chloride (FeCl3), and ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4) to investigate the removal efficiency of TSS and COD from wastewater using a chemical precipitation method by using coagulation and flocculation process. Results show that Mg(OH)2 yielded the highest TSS and COD removal efficiencies of 59 and 57%, respectively, with a wastewater pH of 11.5. MgCl2 yielded lower removal efficiencies of 46 and 44%, respectively; at pH 10.5, lower magnesium concentration doses were needed. The most effective chemical precipitation method for removal involved cationic PAM coagulants, resulting in an 86% reduction in TSS and a 65% reduction in COD. Combining commercial Fe2SO4 and MgCL2 recovered from Dead Sea water reduced up to 90 and 73% of TSS and COD, respectively.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purifying water for diverse uses is vital, but concerns lie with the sustainability and accessibility of purification materials. This study aimed to address this by turning readily available water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) into an activated adsorbent for phosphate removal in wastewater. WTPS was activated via thermal activation at 300 °C temperature and chemical activation processes of 3 M acid concentration, 4 h activation time, and 75 °C activation temperature, and then characterized using BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared, elemental analyzer, and differential scanning calorimetry. SEM and BET analyses revealed a highly porous adsorbent (279.2 m2/g) for efficient adsorption. On top of the activation process, preliminary experiments and numerical optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) were designed and conducted. Through optimizing conditions, it was found that 70 min of contact time, pH 3, 3 g/L adsorbent dose, and 30 mg/L initial phosphate concentration as optimal, yielding 83% removal efficiency. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were examined and the second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models indicated best fit. Notably, the activated sludge could be regenerated for three cycles before efficiency dropped below 70%. Thus, activated WTPS presents a promising, sustainable, and readily available adsorbent for phosphate removal in wastewater treatment.
净化水用于多种用途至关重要，但净化材料的可持续性和可获得性令人担忧。本研究的目的就是将水处理厂污泥（WTPS）转化为活性吸附剂，用于去除废水中的磷酸盐。WTPS 通过 300 °C 温度下的热活化以及 3 M 酸浓度、4 小时活化时间和 75 °C 活化温度下的化学活化过程进行活化，然后使用 BET、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅立叶变换红外线、元素分析仪和差示扫描量热法对其进行表征。扫描电子显微镜和 BET 分析表明，该吸附剂孔隙度高（279.2 m2/g），吸附效率高。在活化过程的基础上，设计并进行了初步实验，并利用响应面方法论（RSM）进行了数值优化。通过优化条件，发现接触时间 70 分钟、pH 值 3、吸附剂剂量 3 g/L、初始磷酸盐浓度 30 mg/L 为最佳条件，去除效率为 83%。此外，还对吸附动力学和等温线模型进行了研究，结果表明二阶动力学和 Langmuir 等温线模型的拟合效果最佳。值得注意的是，活性污泥可以再生三次，然后效率才会低于 70%。因此，活性 WTPS 是一种前景广阔、可持续且易于获得的吸附剂，可用于废水处理中去除磷酸盐。
{"title":"Preparation of an activated adsorbent from water treatment plant sludge for phosphate removal of from wastewater: optimization, characterization, isotherm, and kinetics studies","authors":"Eyoel Shumiye, Talbachew Tadesse Nadew, Tsegaye Sissay Tedila, Belay Getiye, Destaw Agumass Mengie, Abraham Getahun Ayalew","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.278","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Purifying water for diverse uses is vital, but concerns lie with the sustainability and accessibility of purification materials. This study aimed to address this by turning readily available water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) into an activated adsorbent for phosphate removal in wastewater. WTPS was activated via thermal activation at 300 °C temperature and chemical activation processes of 3 M acid concentration, 4 h activation time, and 75 °C activation temperature, and then characterized using BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared, elemental analyzer, and differential scanning calorimetry. SEM and BET analyses revealed a highly porous adsorbent (279.2 m2/g) for efficient adsorption. On top of the activation process, preliminary experiments and numerical optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) were designed and conducted. Through optimizing conditions, it was found that 70 min of contact time, pH 3, 3 g/L adsorbent dose, and 30 mg/L initial phosphate concentration as optimal, yielding 83% removal efficiency. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were examined and the second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models indicated best fit. Notably, the activated sludge could be regenerated for three cycles before efficiency dropped below 70%. Thus, activated WTPS presents a promising, sustainable, and readily available adsorbent for phosphate removal in wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"47 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.267
Mousa Almousa, Tomomewo Olusegun, Y. Lim, K. Al-Zboon, Islam Khraisat, Ali Alshami, B. Ammary
The objective of this study was to establish a suitable chemical process to recover magnesium compounds from Dead Sea water using a selective precipitation process. The recovered magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) are applicable for wastewater treatment processes since they can effectively remove total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Magnesium salts recovered from Dead Sea water were compared with cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) and inorganic salts, including aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3, ferric chloride (FeCl3), and ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4) to investigate the removal efficiency of TSS and COD from wastewater using a chemical precipitation method by using coagulation and flocculation process. Results show that Mg(OH)2 yielded the highest TSS and COD removal efficiencies of 59 and 57%, respectively, with a wastewater pH of 11.5. MgCl2 yielded lower removal efficiencies of 46 and 44%, respectively; at pH 10.5, lower magnesium concentration doses were needed. The most effective chemical precipitation method for removal involved cationic PAM coagulants, resulting in an 86% reduction in TSS and a 65% reduction in COD. Combining commercial Fe2SO4 and MgCL2 recovered from Dead Sea water reduced up to 90 and 73% of TSS and COD, respectively.
{"title":"Chemical recovery of magnesium from the Dead Sea and its use in wastewater treatment","authors":"Mousa Almousa, Tomomewo Olusegun, Y. Lim, K. Al-Zboon, Islam Khraisat, Ali Alshami, B. Ammary","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.267","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The objective of this study was to establish a suitable chemical process to recover magnesium compounds from Dead Sea water using a selective precipitation process. The recovered magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) are applicable for wastewater treatment processes since they can effectively remove total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Magnesium salts recovered from Dead Sea water were compared with cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) and inorganic salts, including aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3, ferric chloride (FeCl3), and ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4) to investigate the removal efficiency of TSS and COD from wastewater using a chemical precipitation method by using coagulation and flocculation process. Results show that Mg(OH)2 yielded the highest TSS and COD removal efficiencies of 59 and 57%, respectively, with a wastewater pH of 11.5. MgCl2 yielded lower removal efficiencies of 46 and 44%, respectively; at pH 10.5, lower magnesium concentration doses were needed. The most effective chemical precipitation method for removal involved cationic PAM coagulants, resulting in an 86% reduction in TSS and a 65% reduction in COD. Combining commercial Fe2SO4 and MgCL2 recovered from Dead Sea water reduced up to 90 and 73% of TSS and COD, respectively.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"72 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purifying water for diverse uses is vital, but concerns lie with the sustainability and accessibility of purification materials. This study aimed to address this by turning readily available water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) into an activated adsorbent for phosphate removal in wastewater. WTPS was activated via thermal activation at 300 °C temperature and chemical activation processes of 3 M acid concentration, 4 h activation time, and 75 °C activation temperature, and then characterized using BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared, elemental analyzer, and differential scanning calorimetry. SEM and BET analyses revealed a highly porous adsorbent (279.2 m2/g) for efficient adsorption. On top of the activation process, preliminary experiments and numerical optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) were designed and conducted. Through optimizing conditions, it was found that 70 min of contact time, pH 3, 3 g/L adsorbent dose, and 30 mg/L initial phosphate concentration as optimal, yielding 83% removal efficiency. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were examined and the second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models indicated best fit. Notably, the activated sludge could be regenerated for three cycles before efficiency dropped below 70%. Thus, activated WTPS presents a promising, sustainable, and readily available adsorbent for phosphate removal in wastewater treatment.
净化水用于多种用途至关重要，但净化材料的可持续性和可获得性令人担忧。本研究的目的就是将水处理厂污泥（WTPS）转化为活性吸附剂，用于去除废水中的磷酸盐。WTPS 通过 300 °C 温度下的热活化以及 3 M 酸浓度、4 小时活化时间和 75 °C 活化温度下的化学活化过程进行活化，然后使用 BET、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅立叶变换红外线、元素分析仪和差示扫描量热法对其进行表征。扫描电子显微镜和 BET 分析表明，该吸附剂孔隙度高（279.2 m2/g），吸附效率高。在活化过程的基础上，设计并进行了初步实验，并利用响应面方法论（RSM）进行了数值优化。通过优化条件，发现接触时间 70 分钟、pH 值 3、吸附剂剂量 3 g/L、初始磷酸盐浓度 30 mg/L 为最佳条件，去除效率为 83%。此外，还对吸附动力学和等温线模型进行了研究，结果表明二阶动力学和 Langmuir 等温线模型的拟合效果最佳。值得注意的是，活性污泥可以再生三次，然后效率才会低于 70%。因此，活性 WTPS 是一种前景广阔、可持续且易于获得的吸附剂，可用于废水处理中去除磷酸盐。
{"title":"Preparation of an activated adsorbent from water treatment plant sludge for phosphate removal of from wastewater: optimization, characterization, isotherm, and kinetics studies","authors":"Eyoel Shumiye, Talbachew Tadesse Nadew, Tsegaye Sissay Tedila, Belay Getiye, Destaw Agumass Mengie, Abraham Getahun Ayalew","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.278","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Purifying water for diverse uses is vital, but concerns lie with the sustainability and accessibility of purification materials. This study aimed to address this by turning readily available water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) into an activated adsorbent for phosphate removal in wastewater. WTPS was activated via thermal activation at 300 °C temperature and chemical activation processes of 3 M acid concentration, 4 h activation time, and 75 °C activation temperature, and then characterized using BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared, elemental analyzer, and differential scanning calorimetry. SEM and BET analyses revealed a highly porous adsorbent (279.2 m2/g) for efficient adsorption. On top of the activation process, preliminary experiments and numerical optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) were designed and conducted. Through optimizing conditions, it was found that 70 min of contact time, pH 3, 3 g/L adsorbent dose, and 30 mg/L initial phosphate concentration as optimal, yielding 83% removal efficiency. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were examined and the second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models indicated best fit. Notably, the activated sludge could be regenerated for three cycles before efficiency dropped below 70%. Thus, activated WTPS presents a promising, sustainable, and readily available adsorbent for phosphate removal in wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"117 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.180
A. Agha, Christopher Osuu, Chinyere E. Onalu, Yemi Adewoyin
Nigeria is ranked number two in the world with the highest prevalence of open defecation (OD) despite the adoption of community-led total sanitation (CLTS) since 2007. Using some CLTS-triggered communities in Ebonyi State, this study investigated the awareness of CLTS, OD status, and its drivers as well as social workers' involvement in environmental sustainability. Study data generated from primary surveys included the socio-demographic characteristics of the study population and measurable behavioral elements of the SaniFOAM framework. Results of the statistical analyses show that more than 79% of the respondents were aware of CLTS, yet OD prevalence was 84.8%. While being married (odds ratio (OR): 0.036), being a civil servant (OR: 0.109), and having at least secondary education (OR: 0.119) were associated with lower odds of OD, whereas dislike for trekking (OR: 4.322), absence of laws (OR: 5.380), sanctions (OR: 4.715), and other SaniFOAM variables were associated with increased odds of OD. The results suggest that behavioral change toward OD under CLTS, with its focus on community mobilization for self-awareness and self-assessment for eliminating OD, may be a mirage without stricter approaches, laws, and sanctions for behavioral change. The domiciliation of these within grassroot governments and social workers' involvement in sanitation promotion are suggested.
尽管尼日利亚自 2007 年起采用了社区主导的全面卫生设施（CLTS），但其露天排便（OD）的普遍程度在全球排名第二。本研究利用埃邦伊州一些由社区主导的全面卫生设施（CLTS）触发的社区，对社区主导的全面卫生设施（CLTS）意识、露天排便状况及其驱动因素以及社会工作者参与环境可持续性的情况进行了调查。通过初步调查获得的研究数据包括研究对象的社会人口特征和 SaniFOAM 框架中可衡量的行为要素。统计分析结果表明，超过 79% 的受访者了解 CLTS，但 OD 发病率为 84.8%。已婚（几率比（OR）：0.036）、公务员（OR：0.109）和至少受过中等教育（OR：0.119）与 OD 发生几率较低有关，而不喜欢徒步旅行（OR：4.322）、没有法律（OR：5.380）、制裁（OR：4.715）和其他 SaniFOAM 变量与 OD 发生几率较高有关。结果表明，如果没有更严格的方法、法律和制裁来改变行为，那么以社区动员自我意识和自我评估来消除 OD 为重点的 CLTS 可能只是海市蜃楼。建议将这些措施纳入基层政府，并让社会工作者参与卫生推广工作。
{"title":"Rethinking community-led total sanitation for eradicating open defecation in rural Ebonyi state communities, Nigeria: practice considerations for social work practitioners and educators","authors":"A. Agha, Christopher Osuu, Chinyere E. Onalu, Yemi Adewoyin","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.180","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nigeria is ranked number two in the world with the highest prevalence of open defecation (OD) despite the adoption of community-led total sanitation (CLTS) since 2007. Using some CLTS-triggered communities in Ebonyi State, this study investigated the awareness of CLTS, OD status, and its drivers as well as social workers' involvement in environmental sustainability. Study data generated from primary surveys included the socio-demographic characteristics of the study population and measurable behavioral elements of the SaniFOAM framework. Results of the statistical analyses show that more than 79% of the respondents were aware of CLTS, yet OD prevalence was 84.8%. While being married (odds ratio (OR): 0.036), being a civil servant (OR: 0.109), and having at least secondary education (OR: 0.119) were associated with lower odds of OD, whereas dislike for trekking (OR: 4.322), absence of laws (OR: 5.380), sanctions (OR: 4.715), and other SaniFOAM variables were associated with increased odds of OD. The results suggest that behavioral change toward OD under CLTS, with its focus on community mobilization for self-awareness and self-assessment for eliminating OD, may be a mirage without stricter approaches, laws, and sanctions for behavioral change. The domiciliation of these within grassroot governments and social workers' involvement in sanitation promotion are suggested.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.180
A. Agha, Christopher Osuu, Chinyere E. Onalu, Yemi Adewoyin
Nigeria is ranked number two in the world with the highest prevalence of open defecation (OD) despite the adoption of community-led total sanitation (CLTS) since 2007. Using some CLTS-triggered communities in Ebonyi State, this study investigated the awareness of CLTS, OD status, and its drivers as well as social workers' involvement in environmental sustainability. Study data generated from primary surveys included the socio-demographic characteristics of the study population and measurable behavioral elements of the SaniFOAM framework. Results of the statistical analyses show that more than 79% of the respondents were aware of CLTS, yet OD prevalence was 84.8%. While being married (odds ratio (OR): 0.036), being a civil servant (OR: 0.109), and having at least secondary education (OR: 0.119) were associated with lower odds of OD, whereas dislike for trekking (OR: 4.322), absence of laws (OR: 5.380), sanctions (OR: 4.715), and other SaniFOAM variables were associated with increased odds of OD. The results suggest that behavioral change toward OD under CLTS, with its focus on community mobilization for self-awareness and self-assessment for eliminating OD, may be a mirage without stricter approaches, laws, and sanctions for behavioral change. The domiciliation of these within grassroot governments and social workers' involvement in sanitation promotion are suggested.
尽管尼日利亚自 2007 年起采用了社区主导的全面卫生设施（CLTS），但其露天排便（OD）的普遍程度在全球排名第二。本研究利用埃邦伊州一些由社区主导的全面卫生设施（CLTS）触发的社区，对社区主导的全面卫生设施（CLTS）意识、露天排便状况及其驱动因素以及社会工作者参与环境可持续性的情况进行了调查。通过初步调查获得的研究数据包括研究对象的社会人口特征和 SaniFOAM 框架中可衡量的行为要素。统计分析结果表明，超过 79% 的受访者了解 CLTS，但 OD 发病率为 84.8%。已婚（几率比（OR）：0.036）、公务员（OR：0.109）和至少受过中等教育（OR：0.119）与 OD 发生几率较低有关，而不喜欢徒步旅行（OR：4.322）、没有法律（OR：5.380）、制裁（OR：4.715）和其他 SaniFOAM 变量与 OD 发生几率较高有关。结果表明，如果没有更严格的方法、法律和制裁来改变行为，那么以社区动员自我意识和自我评估来消除 OD 为重点的 CLTS 可能只是海市蜃楼。建议将这些措施纳入基层政府，并让社会工作者参与卫生推广工作。
{"title":"Rethinking community-led total sanitation for eradicating open defecation in rural Ebonyi state communities, Nigeria: practice considerations for social work practitioners and educators","authors":"A. Agha, Christopher Osuu, Chinyere E. Onalu, Yemi Adewoyin","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.180","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nigeria is ranked number two in the world with the highest prevalence of open defecation (OD) despite the adoption of community-led total sanitation (CLTS) since 2007. Using some CLTS-triggered communities in Ebonyi State, this study investigated the awareness of CLTS, OD status, and its drivers as well as social workers' involvement in environmental sustainability. Study data generated from primary surveys included the socio-demographic characteristics of the study population and measurable behavioral elements of the SaniFOAM framework. Results of the statistical analyses show that more than 79% of the respondents were aware of CLTS, yet OD prevalence was 84.8%. While being married (odds ratio (OR): 0.036), being a civil servant (OR: 0.109), and having at least secondary education (OR: 0.119) were associated with lower odds of OD, whereas dislike for trekking (OR: 4.322), absence of laws (OR: 5.380), sanctions (OR: 4.715), and other SaniFOAM variables were associated with increased odds of OD. The results suggest that behavioral change toward OD under CLTS, with its focus on community mobilization for self-awareness and self-assessment for eliminating OD, may be a mirage without stricter approaches, laws, and sanctions for behavioral change. The domiciliation of these within grassroot governments and social workers' involvement in sanitation promotion are suggested.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2024.195
Sulochana Pednekar, Shaila Desouza, P. Mukhopadhyay
Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are crucial to human development. Lack of WASH affects girls’ health and school attendance, particularly after puberty. This has long-term consequences on gender equality and empowerment. Several international (like the World Health Organisation's WASH standards, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (4, 5 and 6)) and national initiatives (like The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009, the Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya campaign and guidelines for menstrual hygiene management) are expected to address this issue in schools. There is a need to systematically and regularly collect and disseminate WASH data on school infrastructure facilities and attendance details. This would help assess the achievement of better WASH infrastructure and examine how much it reduces school dropouts. We assess four national-level databases routinely used for studies in human development – India Human Development Survey, National Family Health Survey, National Sample Survey Office and the Unified District Information System in Education. Our study finds limited data availability, making assessing the extent of target achievement difficult. It underscores the need for re-orienting data collection on school attendance and WASH school infrastructure.
{"title":"Monitoring WASH and school dropouts in India: Is there adequate data? An assessment of four national databases","authors":"Sulochana Pednekar, Shaila Desouza, P. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2024.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2024.195","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are crucial to human development. Lack of WASH affects girls’ health and school attendance, particularly after puberty. This has long-term consequences on gender equality and empowerment. Several international (like the World Health Organisation's WASH standards, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (4, 5 and 6)) and national initiatives (like The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009, the Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya campaign and guidelines for menstrual hygiene management) are expected to address this issue in schools. There is a need to systematically and regularly collect and disseminate WASH data on school infrastructure facilities and attendance details. This would help assess the achievement of better WASH infrastructure and examine how much it reduces school dropouts. We assess four national-level databases routinely used for studies in human development – India Human Development Survey, National Family Health Survey, National Sample Survey Office and the Unified District Information System in Education. Our study finds limited data availability, making assessing the extent of target achievement difficult. It underscores the need for re-orienting data collection on school attendance and WASH school infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":516652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":"27 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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