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Exploring Biomarkers and Contributing Factors in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Hypothesis 探索强迫症的生物标志物和诱因:假设
Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.25259/abmh_12_2024
Rakesh Sahu
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引用次数: 0
Uncovering the Compulsion Behind Pica: A Case of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Geophagia: A Case Report 揭开皮卡背后的强迫症:一例强迫症和食土症病例:病例报告
Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.25259/abmh_7_2024
Manpreet Kaur Sidhu, Soumitra Ghosh, Kavery Bora, Aritra Mondal
The extended ingestion of nonfood substances like paper, ice, clay or soil – which is prohibited in some cultures – is known as pica. Pica – so named because of the magpie, which is known for consuming nonfood objects. Aristotle called this consumption of earthly things “Geophagia.” A 15-year-old displayed an obsession with consuming mud and wall paint. She has unsettling, intrusive thoughts about this behavior. She was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with good insight with Pica, and she improved favorably to cognitive behavioral treatment and fluoxetine. Pica can manifest within the OCD spectrum and is frequently associated with nutritional deficits and stress. This example demonstrates effective selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment, confirming earlier research. Even if pica’s etiology and treatment plans are still unknown, it is possible to classify pica as OCD in those cases where there is no developmental impairment.
长时间摄入纸张、冰块、粘土或泥土等非食物物质--在某些文化中是被禁止的--被称为 "皮卡"。Pica--因喜鹊而得名,喜鹊以食用非食物物品而闻名。亚里士多德称这种对尘世事物的消费为 "Geophagia"。一个 15 岁的孩子痴迷于吃泥巴和墙漆。她对这种行为有着令人不安的、侵入性的想法。她被诊断为强迫症(OCD),对 Pica 有很好的洞察力,认知行为治疗和氟西汀对她的病情有很好的改善。Pica 可在强迫症谱系中表现出来,并且经常与营养不良和压力有关。这个例子证明了选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)治疗的有效性,证实了之前的研究。即使目前尚不清楚皮卡病的病因和治疗方案,在没有发育障碍的情况下,也可以将皮卡病归类为强迫症。
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引用次数: 0
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Clinical Profile of Inpatients in the Psychiatry Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Assam: A Retrospective Study 阿萨姆邦一家三级医院精神病科住院病人的社会人口学特征和临床概况:回顾性研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.25259/abmh_10_2024
Kavery Bora, Porineeta Gogoi, Avinash Gogoi, Nivedita Chauhan
Recent years have seen a significant evolution in the understanding pertaining to mental health issues. The analysis of the intricate interplay between an individual’s sociodemographic factors, genetic makeup, the environment, and clinical profile (diagnosis and treatment) of patients will help us understand the prevalence and types of mental health disorders prevalent in Assam, which is a culturally, ethnically and socially diverse state. The pattern of utilization of electroconvulsive therapy has also been analyzed. The aims and objectives of the study is to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical profile of patients admitted in Psychiatry ward, Assam Medical College and Hospital.An analysis on the case records of all individuals admitted to the hospital’s Psychiatry ward between August 1, 2022 and July 31, 2023 was done. Data on socio-demographic details such as age, gender, domicile and clinical profile (diagnosis, mode of discharge, duration of stay and treatment) was compiled using semi-structured format designed by authors. Information regarding patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy was also gathered from the records. Statistical analysis: The data were subjected to analysis utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0).A total of 680 patients got admitted of which higher proportion constituted of male (77.58%) and majority individuals were aged between 30 and 39 years (29.65%). The predominant diagnosis among the inpatients was substance use disorders (39.09%). Out of all the psychotropic drugs, olanzapine (17.94%) was mostly prescribed on discharged followed by risperidone (10.15%). Escitalopram (3.97%) was the mostly prescribed antidepressant on discharge. Patients diagnosed as substance use disorders were mostly discharged on lorazepam (5%), baclofen (14.26%) and received an average number of 1.8 sessions of Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET). Whereas, schizophrenia and related disorders was the most common diagnosis among inpatients receiving ECT (51.52%).Our study helped to understand the socio-demographic attributes and clinical profile of the inpatients to foster better management approaches.
近年来,人们对心理健康问题的认识发生了重大变化。对个人的社会人口因素、遗传构成、环境和患者的临床概况(诊断和治疗)之间错综复杂的相互作用进行分析,将有助于我们了解阿萨姆邦这个文化、种族和社会多元化的邦所流行的精神疾病的发病率和类型。此外,还分析了电休克疗法的使用模式。本研究的目的和目标是分析阿萨姆邦医学院和医院精神科病房收治的患者的社会人口学特征和临床概况。研究人员对 2022 年 8 月 1 日至 2023 年 7 月 31 日期间该医院精神科病房收治的所有患者的病例记录进行了分析。作者采用自己设计的半结构化格式汇编了有关年龄、性别、户籍和临床概况(诊断、出院方式、住院时间和治疗)等社会人口详情的数据。此外,还从记录中收集了接受电休克治疗的患者的相关信息。统计分析:共收治了 680 名患者,其中男性比例较高(77.58%),大多数人的年龄在 30 至 39 岁之间(29.65%)。住院病人的主要诊断是药物使用障碍(39.09%)。在所有精神药物中,奥氮平(17.94%)是出院时的主要处方药,其次是利培酮(10.15%)。艾司西酞普兰(3.97%)是出院时处方最多的抗抑郁药物。被诊断为药物使用障碍的患者出院时大多服用劳拉西泮(5%)和巴氯芬(14.26%),并接受了平均 1.8 次的动机增强疗法(MET)。我们的研究有助于了解住院患者的社会人口学特征和临床概况,从而制定更好的管理方法。
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引用次数: 0
Is Defense a Way of Coping? 防御是一种应对方式吗?
Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.25259/abmh_9_2023
Ishita Chatterjee
Over the years, the concept of psychological adaptability has stirred the field of psychology. Researchers from personality psychology, clinical psychology, and other interrelated areas of psychology have taken a special interest in understanding the adaptive functioning within the individual that may help in healthy adjustment. One of such adaptive mechanisms was first described by Sigmund Freud under the label of defense, which had been through a lot of revisions over the years. Another concept, though stemming from a different conceptual framework, could be equally important to understand the adjustment process, which was labeled as coping. The present article aims to shed light on the various similarities and differences between both concepts despite their conceptual distancing.
多年来,心理适应能力这一概念在心理学领域引起了轰动。来自人格心理学、临床心理学和其他相互关联的心理学领域的研究人员对了解个体内部的适应功能特别感兴趣,这些功能可能有助于健康的适应。西格蒙德-弗洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)最早以 "防御"(defense)为标签描述了这种适应机制,多年来,这一标签经历了多次修订。另一个概念虽然源自不同的概念框架,但对于理解适应过程同样重要,它被称为应对。本文旨在阐明这两个概念之间的各种异同,尽管它们在概念上存在距离。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Spectrum of Clinical Variables on the Patients Attending Psychiatry Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital 关于一家三甲医院精神科门诊就诊患者临床变量谱的研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.25259/abmh_10_2023
Monu Doley, Kamal Nath
The objective of the study is to determine the spectrum of clinical variables of the patients attending psychiatry OPD in a tertiary care hospital and to determine the association of those variables with various sociodemographic factors.The study was conducted in the psychiatric Out-patient Department(OPD) of a tertiary care hospital Barak Valley region in the Northeastern part of India. Retrospective observational study where we assessed 1827 consecutive patients asking for psychiatric services, attending psychiatry OPD of Silchar Medical College & Hospital in the one-year period. Out of a total of 1827 cases, 1200 cases were enrolled for the study, meeting the study criteria. Data regarding sociodemographic profile, duration of illness, and provisional diagnosis were also collected, and self-design proforma was used. For socioeconomic class Modified Kuppuswamy Scale is used. The patients were diagnosed and classified on the basis of ICD-10 Criteria by consultant psychiatrists. The patient’s complete profile and data were presented in tables with the use of Microsoft excel. The data obtained was entered and analyzed by using SPSS Version 21. Any case attending psychiatry opd with psychiatric problems and who were provided psychiatric services. Out of a total of 1200 patients, most patients were in the age group of 21–40 years, followed by 41– 60 years. The mean age is 34.5. Majority of them were male (59.4%) belonged to Hindu religion (56.08%),were married (44.41%),and educated upto primary school level (26.75%), living in nuclear family (64%), belonged to lower class socioeconomic status (33.5%). It was seen that the majority of the patients (31.25%) belonged to the ICD-10 category of F20-F29, and Schizophrenia (F20) was the most common diagnosis (21.75%). The majority of patients in diagnostic categories of F10-F19, F20-F29, F30-F39, F40-F48, G43, and G44, were in age group 21–40 years, while among MR and G40 were of age < 20 years. Looking at the individual diagnostic category, we found that the majority of the cases belonging to the categories of F10-F19 (19.49%), F20-F29 (35.20%), F30-F39 (14.02%), G40 (3.16%), G44 (14%), and others (2.24%) were males. while majority of cases having the diagnosis of F40-F48 (30.8%), MR (13.96%) and G43 (5.54%) were females. This study has reflected the pattern of clinical variables of the patients attending the tertiary care center. It has helped us to understand the nature and extent of psychiatric disease burden in the community with an aim to facilitate designing and planning for providing better mental health care to the community as a whole.
本研究的目的是确定一家三级医院精神科门诊部就诊患者的临床变量谱,并确定这些变量与各种社会人口学因素之间的关联。该研究是一项回顾性观察研究,我们对一年内到西尔查医学院和医院精神科门诊部就诊的 1827 名连续患者进行了评估。在总共 1827 个病例中,有 1200 个病例符合研究标准。研究人员还收集了有关社会人口学特征、病程和临时诊断的数据,并使用了自行设计的表格。在社会经济等级方面,使用了修正的库普斯瓦米量表。精神科顾问根据 ICD-10 标准对患者进行诊断和分类。患者的完整资料和数据通过 Microsoft excel 表格呈现。获得的数据使用 SPSS 21 版进行输入和分析。任何因精神疾病就诊并获得精神科服务的病例。在总共 1200 名患者中,大多数患者的年龄在 21-40 岁之间,其次是 41-60 岁。平均年龄为 34.5 岁。他们大多为男性(59.4%),信奉印度教(56.08%),已婚(44.41%),受过小学以下教育(26.75%),生活在核心家庭(64%),属于社会经济地位较低的阶层(33.5%)。大多数患者(31.25%)属于 ICD-10 F20-F29 类别,精神分裂症(F20)是最常见的诊断(21.75%)。诊断类别为 F10-F19、F20-F29、F30-F39、F40-F48、G43 和 G44 的大多数患者年龄在 21-40 岁之间,而 MR 和 G40 患者的年龄小于 20 岁。从诊断类别来看,我们发现属于 F10-F19(19.49%)、F20-F29(35.20%)、F30-F39(14.02%)、G40(3.16%)、G44(14%)和其他(2.24%)类别的大多数病例为男性,而诊断为 F40-F48(30.8%)、MR(13.96%)和 G43(5.54%)的大多数病例为女性。这项研究反映了在三级医疗中心就诊的患者的临床变量模式。它有助于我们了解社区精神疾病负担的性质和程度,从而促进设计和规划,为整个社区提供更好的精神卫生保健服务。
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引用次数: 0
When Hometown is an Alien Land 当故乡成为异乡
Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.25259/abmh_20_2023
B. S. Das
With the help of a case vignette, the paper highlights the reasons for migration among transgender individuals. This viewpoint has been selected from a study conducted among 50 transgender individuals in Assam across various districts in the state. Due to various transphobic behaviors, many transgender individuals encounter discrimination and find it difficult to fit into so-called “mainstream society”. Therefore, many choose to migrate to a different district, city, or state to live a life of their choice.
本文借助一个案例,重点阐述了变性人迁移的原因。该观点选自一项针对阿萨姆邦各地区 50 名变性人的研究。由于各种仇视变性人的行为,许多变性人受到歧视,难以融入所谓的 "主流社会"。因此,许多人选择迁移到不同的地区、城市或州,过自己喜欢的生活。
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引用次数: 0
Publishing Research: An Author’s Dilemma 出版研究成果:作者的两难选择
Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.25259/abmh_15_2024
Dhrubajyoti Bhuyan, Tribeni Bhuyan
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引用次数: 0
An Unusual Case Report of Cotard’s Syndrome with Depressive Delusions 科塔德综合征伴有抑郁性妄想的罕见病例报告
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.25259/abmh_6_2024
Amlan Das, Soumitra Ghosh, Kavery Bora
Cotard’s Syndrome, also known as nihilistic delusion or Cotard’s delusion, is an exceptionally rare psychiatric condition characterized by delusional beliefs ranging from a sense of being dead to the conviction of bodily decay or nonexistence. This case report of a male patient, aged 21 years, with Cotard’s Syndrome highlights the difficulties in diagnosis, the course of therapy, and the clinical ramifications of this illness. The patient exhibited symptoms of severe depression along with nihilistic delusions, expressing the belief that he was deceased and experiencing bodily decay. Nihilistic delusions and depressed symptoms compatible with Cotard’s syndrome in the setting of major depressive disorder were found during the patient’s mental state evaluation, despite the absence of a serious physical disease or drug addiction. Treatment consisted of antidepressant and antipsychotic medication, along with individual psychotherapy sessions focusing on cognitive restructuring. Over time, the patient demonstrated gradual improvement in delusional beliefs and depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of comprehensive psychiatric evaluation and individualized treatment planning.
科塔德综合征(Cotard's Syndrome)又称虚无主义妄想症或科塔德妄想症,是一种异常罕见的精神疾病,以妄想信念为特征,范围从死亡感到确信身体腐烂或不存在。本病例报告的患者是一名 21 岁的男性科塔德综合征患者,该病例凸显了这种疾病在诊断、治疗过程和临床影响方面的困难。患者表现出严重的抑郁症状,并伴有虚无主义妄想,认为自己已经死亡,身体正在腐烂。尽管患者没有严重的躯体疾病或毒瘾,但在对其进行精神状态评估时,发现其虚无主义妄想和抑郁症状与重度抑郁症的科塔德综合征相符。治疗包括抗抑郁和抗精神病药物治疗,以及以认知重组为重点的个体心理治疗。随着时间的推移,患者的妄想信念和抑郁症状逐渐好转,这凸显了全面精神评估和个体化治疗计划的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Measles to Misfortune: A Case Report on Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis 麻疹致不幸:亚急性硬化性泛脑炎病例报告
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.25259/abmh_17_2023
D. Medhi, Himasree Thakuria
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurological disorder of children or young adults caused by measles infection. An abnormal immune response to the virus is said to cause brain inflammation, which may last for years. Mortality rate of the disease is around 95%. In this case report, we present the case of a 15-year-old unimmunized boy from rural Assam who presented with progressive sudden jerky movements of his limbs for 2 months, along with difficulty in doing his daily activities and forgetfulness. Although he was initially admitted with a provisional diagnosis of seizure disorder and treated with tab sodium valproate and tab clobazam, his mother, revealed a history of measles infection at 7 years of age. His Electroencephalogram (EEG) reports and CSF IgG measles antibody findings were suggestive of SSPE. He was immediately started on Tab Isoprinosine at adequate doses, but he later succumbed to his illness within 3 months of the onset of symptoms. Immunization of children with the measles vaccine plays a significant role in averting this deadly condition.
亚急性硬化性泛脑炎(SSPE)是一种由麻疹病毒感染引起的儿童或青少年进行性神经系统疾病。据说,对病毒的异常免疫反应会导致脑部炎症,并可能持续数年。该病的死亡率约为 95%。在本病例报告中,我们介绍了一名来自阿萨姆邦农村的 15 岁未接受免疫接种男孩的病例,他在 2 个月内突然出现四肢进行性抽搐,同时伴有日常活动困难和健忘。虽然他最初入院时被临时诊断为癫痫发作,并接受了片剂丙戊酸钠和片剂氯巴扎姆治疗,但他的母亲透露他在 7 岁时曾感染过麻疹。他的脑电图(EEG)报告和脑脊液 IgG 麻疹抗体检测结果均提示为 SSPE。医生立即给他服用了足量的他匹异丙诺星,但他后来在发病后三个月内不治身亡。为儿童接种麻疹疫苗对于避免这一致命疾病的发生具有重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Nutraceuticals in Psychiatry 营养保健品在精神病学中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.25259/abmh_21_2023
Himasree Thakuria, D. Medhi
The term “nutraceutical” refers to a food or part of a food providing health or medical benefits that include prevention and treatment of a disease. It reinforces the concept of health in everyday diet as a part of nourishment and serves to functionalize food. Archaeological evidence shows that people began using plants as medicine some 60,000 years ago. Nutraceuticals are said to take part in the signal transduction pathways, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, gene expression, and to have antioxidant effects. There are a number of nutraceuticals currently being used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, with positive results. However, they are not patent-protected and not government-sanctioned; thus, there is a lack of regulation on their production. Nevertheless, the integration of nutraceuticals into psychiatric care represents a promising avenue for enhancing mental health treatment.
保健食品 "一词是指具有保健或医疗功效(包括预防和治疗疾病)的食品或部分食品。它强化了日常饮食中作为营养一部分的健康概念,并使食物功能化。考古证据显示,大约 6 万年前,人们就开始使用植物作为药物。据说,保健食品参与信号转导途径、维持线粒体完整性、基因表达,并具有抗氧化作用。目前有许多营养保健品被用于治疗精神疾病,并取得了积极的效果。然而,这些保健食品不受专利保护,也未经政府批准;因此,对其生产缺乏监管。尽管如此,将营养保健品纳入精神科治疗是加强精神健康治疗的一条大有可为的途径。
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引用次数: 0
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Academic Bulletin of Mental Health
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