首页 > 最新文献

Pakistan Journal of Criminology最新文献

英文 中文
Development of the Organisational and Legal Mechanism of State Control of Local Self- Government in Ensuring the Territorial Integrity of Ukraine 发展国家控制地方自治政府以确保乌克兰领土完整的组织和法律机制
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.3.1211.1224
In the context of modernising Ukrainian statehood, it is essential to develop elements of civil society. Accordingly, there is a need to develop new theoretical and practical approaches to control the activities of local selfgovernment. The study aims to identify the mechanism of the State's control over local self-government in the organisational and legal aspects through comparativelegal, formal-legal, legal modelling and statistical methods. The study concludes that an effective public administration system, including state control, should be completed to implement political, social, cultural, economic, and other priorities of society's development. The study concludes that the existing tasks of reforming the territorial basis of local self-government in Ukraine have been largely resolved. Nevertheless, there is a need to improve the legal regulation and organisational arrangement of the territorial basis of local self-government under the control of the state for its further development.
在乌克兰国家现代化的背景下,发展公民社会的要素至关重要。因此,有必要制定新的理论和实践方法来控制地方自治政府的活动。本研究旨在通过比较法、形式法、法律模型和统计方法,从组织和法律方面确定国家对地方自治政府的控制机制。研究得出结论认为,应完善有效的公共行政体系,包括国家控制,以落实政治、社会、文化、经济和社会发展的其他优先事项。研究认为,乌克兰地方自治领土基础改革的现有任务已基本完成。尽管如此,仍有必要完善国家控制下地方自治领土基础的法律规范和组织安排,以促进其进一步发展。
{"title":"Development of the Organisational and Legal Mechanism of State Control of Local Self- Government in Ensuring the Territorial Integrity of Ukraine","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.3.1211.1224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.3.1211.1224","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of modernising Ukrainian statehood, it is essential to develop elements of civil society. Accordingly, there is a need to develop new theoretical and practical approaches to control the activities of local selfgovernment. The study aims to identify the mechanism of the State's control over local self-government in the organisational and legal aspects through comparativelegal, formal-legal, legal modelling and statistical methods. The study concludes that an effective public administration system, including state control, should be completed to implement political, social, cultural, economic, and other priorities of society's development. The study concludes that the existing tasks of reforming the territorial basis of local self-government in Ukraine have been largely resolved. Nevertheless, there is a need to improve the legal regulation and organisational arrangement of the territorial basis of local self-government under the control of the state for its further development.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"62 s85","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing the Implementation of International Humanitarian Law in Conflict Zones: A Comprehensive Review 加强国际人道主义法在冲突地区的实施:全面审查
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.3.1365.1378
This article explores the challenges, case studies, critiques, and recommendations for implementing International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in conflict zones. It examines the foundational principles of IHL, including humanity, distinction, proportionality, and military necessity, which guide parties involved in armed conflicts. The complex relationship between IHL and state sovereignty is discussed, emphasizing the need to balance humanitarian norms with national sovereignty. Case studies of conflicts in Syria, Yemen, Myanmar, Israel-Palestine, and Iraq are analyzed to illustrate the complexities of implementing IHL. These conflicts demonstrate widespread violations of IHL, including attacks on civilians and the use of prohibited weapons, highlighting the urgent need for greater adherence to humanitarian norms. Critiques of IHL are examined, focusing on challenges such as the lack of enforcement mechanisms and the rise of non-state actors. In conclusion, the article stresses the importance of upholding and enforcing IHL to mitigate the humanitarian impact of armed conflicts and protect the rights of individuals affected by war. Addressing these challenges and implementing the recommendations outlined in this article can lead to a future where humanity, distinction, proportionality, and military necessity are upheld, safeguarding civilians and combatants from the devastating consequences of armed conflicts.
本文探讨了在冲突地区实施国际人道法(IHL)的挑战、案例研究、批评和建议。文章探讨了国际人道法的基本原则,包括指导武装冲突各方的人道、区分、相称性和军事必要性。讨论了国际人道法与国家主权之间的复杂关系,强调了平衡人道准则与国家主权的必要性。分析了叙利亚、也门、缅甸、以色列-巴勒斯坦和伊拉克冲突的案例研究,以说明实施国际人道法的复杂性。这些冲突显示了普遍存在的违反国际人道法的行为,包括袭击平民和使用违禁武器,突出了进一步遵守人道准则的迫切需要。文章审查了对国际人道法的批评,重点关注缺乏执行机制和非国家行为者崛起等挑战。最后,文章强调了坚持和执行国际人道法的重要性,以减轻武装冲突的人道主义影响,保护受战争影响的个人的权利。应对这些挑战并实施本文概述的建议,可使未来的人道、区分、相称性和军事必要性得到维护,保障平民和战斗人员免受武装冲突的破坏性后果。
{"title":"Enhancing the Implementation of International Humanitarian Law in Conflict Zones: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.3.1365.1378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.3.1365.1378","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the challenges, case studies, critiques, and recommendations for implementing International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in conflict zones. It examines the foundational principles of IHL, including humanity, distinction, proportionality, and military necessity, which guide parties involved in armed conflicts. The complex relationship between IHL and state sovereignty is discussed, emphasizing the need to balance humanitarian norms with national sovereignty. Case studies of conflicts in Syria, Yemen, Myanmar, Israel-Palestine, and Iraq are analyzed to illustrate the complexities of implementing IHL. These conflicts demonstrate widespread violations of IHL, including attacks on civilians and the use of prohibited weapons, highlighting the urgent need for greater adherence to humanitarian norms. Critiques of IHL are examined, focusing on challenges such as the lack of enforcement mechanisms and the rise of non-state actors. In conclusion, the article stresses the importance of upholding and enforcing IHL to mitigate the humanitarian impact of armed conflicts and protect the rights of individuals affected by war. Addressing these challenges and implementing the recommendations outlined in this article can lead to a future where humanity, distinction, proportionality, and military necessity are upheld, safeguarding civilians and combatants from the devastating consequences of armed conflicts.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"42 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing Human Impact on Coral Reef Ecosystems in Berau Regency, Indonesia: Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Tourism Development 评估人类对印度尼西亚贝劳地区珊瑚礁生态系统的影响:对保护和可持续旅游业发展的意义
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.3.1257.1268
This research explores the condition of coral reefs in Berau Regency, Indonesia, and the impact of human activities on these ecosystems. Coral reefs are considered crucial assets in supporting the well-being of local communities, especially in the context of tourism and fisheries resources. However, the increasing economic growth and human activities around coastal areas have pressured coral reefs, threatening their sustainability and preservation. This study employs a descriptive method utilising primary and secondary data and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that coral reefs in Berau Regency exhibit varied conditions, ranging from very good to poor. Threats to coral reefs include human activities such as unsustainable fishing practices, the use of explosives in fishing, and the development of tourism infrastructure. The research also underscores the importance of integrating environmental capacity into the development of Derawan Island as a coastal conservation tourism destination. Collaboration among the government, private sector, non-governmental organisations, and local communities is essential to maintain the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems while supporting the well-being of local communities.
本研究探讨了印度尼西亚 Berau 地区珊瑚礁的状况以及人类活动对这些生态系统的影响。珊瑚礁被认为是支持当地社区福祉的重要资产,尤其是在旅游业和渔业资源方面。然而,沿海地区日益增长的经济增长和人类活动对珊瑚礁造成了压力,威胁着珊瑚礁的可持续发展和保护。本研究采用了描述性方法,利用了一手和二手数据,并对相关利益方进行了访谈。研究结果表明,贝劳地区的珊瑚礁状况各不相同,有的很好,有的很差。珊瑚礁面临的威胁包括人类活动,如不可持续的捕鱼方式、在捕鱼过程中使用炸药以及发展旅游基础设施。研究还强调了将环境能力纳入德拉万岛沿海保护旅游目的地开发的重要性。政府、私营部门、非政府组织和当地社区之间的合作对于维持珊瑚礁生态系统的可持续性以及支持当地社区的福祉至关重要。
{"title":"Assessing Human Impact on Coral Reef Ecosystems in Berau Regency, Indonesia: Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Tourism Development","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.3.1257.1268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.3.1257.1268","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the condition of coral reefs in Berau Regency, Indonesia, and the impact of human activities on these ecosystems. Coral reefs are considered crucial assets in supporting the well-being of local communities, especially in the context of tourism and fisheries resources. However, the increasing economic growth and human activities around coastal areas have pressured coral reefs, threatening their sustainability and preservation. This study employs a descriptive method utilising primary and secondary data and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that coral reefs in Berau Regency exhibit varied conditions, ranging from very good to poor. Threats to coral reefs include human activities such as unsustainable fishing practices, the use of explosives in fishing, and the development of tourism infrastructure. The research also underscores the importance of integrating environmental capacity into the development of Derawan Island as a coastal conservation tourism destination. Collaboration among the government, private sector, non-governmental organisations, and local communities is essential to maintain the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems while supporting the well-being of local communities.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Criminal Law Reform in Indonesia: Implementation of Law’s General Principles into Living Law 印度尼西亚的刑法改革:将法律的一般原则落实到活生生的法律中
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.3.1395.1407
The living criminal code must comply with and not clash with the broad principles of law accepted by civilised countries, according to Article 2 paragraph (2) of the Draught Criminal Code. As mentioned above, the broad concepts of law recognised by civilised nations are utilised to evaluate the current criminal law system. This essay explains, qualifies, and emphasises the importance of applying universal legal concepts to the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations and incorporating them into criminal law to improve it. Locally implemented customary law makes up live criminal law. A civilised nation recognises general legal concepts in international law, which international bodies apply globally. The two concepts seem disconnected, rendering them unsuitable as touchstones and separate concepts. Basic legal concepts in civilised countries' general principles of law and living criminal law are the link between the two. Extending and qualifying legal notions is the biggest challenge in implementing the law.
根据《刑法草案》第 2 条第(2)款,现行刑法必须符合文明国家公认的广泛法律原则,不得与之相冲突。如上所述,文明国家认可的广泛法律概念被用来评估现行刑法制度。本文解释、限定并强调了将普遍法律概念应用于文明国家认可的一般法律原则并将其纳入刑法以完善刑法的重要性。当地实施的习惯法构成了活的刑法。文明国家承认国际法中的一般法律概念,国际机构在全球范围内适用这些概念。这两个概念似乎是脱节的,因此不适合作为试金石和单独的概念。文明国家一般法律原则中的基本法律概念和现行刑法是两者之间的纽带。扩展和限定法律概念是实施法律的最大挑战。
{"title":"Criminal Law Reform in Indonesia: Implementation of Law’s General Principles into Living Law","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.3.1395.1407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.3.1395.1407","url":null,"abstract":"The living criminal code must comply with and not clash with the broad principles of law accepted by civilised countries, according to Article 2 paragraph (2) of the Draught Criminal Code. As mentioned above, the broad concepts of law recognised by civilised nations are utilised to evaluate the current criminal law system. This essay explains, qualifies, and emphasises the importance of applying universal legal concepts to the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations and incorporating them into criminal law to improve it. Locally implemented customary law makes up live criminal law. A civilised nation recognises general legal concepts in international law, which international bodies apply globally. The two concepts seem disconnected, rendering them unsuitable as touchstones and separate concepts. Basic legal concepts in civilised countries' general principles of law and living criminal law are the link between the two. Extending and qualifying legal notions is the biggest challenge in implementing the law.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Police Intervention Strategies in the Enforcement of Liquor Policies in South Africa 南非警方在执行酒类政策中的干预策略
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.3.1225.1240
In South Africa (SA), the criminal justice system is responsible for crime control and the administration of justice. The criminal justice system is composed of the police, courts, and correctional services. The South Africa Police Service (SAPS) is the entry point to the criminal justice system because crimes are reported to them for investigation and law enforcement. This article assesses the effectiveness of the SAPS strategies to enforce liquor policies. The assumption of this article is that most liquor traders do not abide by the rules; they aim to generate profit and they don‟t care about the wellbeing of the community. The state‟s failure to intervene at both policy and law-enforcement level makes things worse. From a qualitative research standpoint, purposive sampling was used to select police and non-police liquor inspectors from three provinces, namely the Free State, Gauteng, and Limpopo, to conduct a survey. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. South Africa consists of nine provinces and each province applies its own liquor policy. That makes it very difficult for the police to implement National Liquor Act policy. In conclusion, South Africa needs one liquor policy to enhance compliance to curb selling of alcohol abuse.
在南非,刑事司法系统负责犯罪控制和司法行政。刑事司法系统由警察、法院和惩教部门组成。南非警察署(SAPS)是刑事司法系统的切入点,因为犯罪案件都是向其报案,由其进行调查和执法。本文评估了南非警察署执行酒类政策战略的有效性。本文的假设是,大多数酒商并不遵守规则;他们的目的是牟利,并不关心社区的福祉。国家未能在政策和执法层面进行干预,使情况变得更糟。从定性研究的角度出发,我们采用了有目的的抽样调查方法,从自由州、豪滕省和林波波省这三个省份中选择警察和非警察酒类检查员进行调查。对 21 名参与者进行了半结构化访谈。对访谈进行了录音和逐字记录。南非由九个省组成,每个省都有自己的酒类政策。这使得警方很难执行《国家酒类法案》的政策。总之,南非需要统一的酒类政策,以加强遵守,遏制酗酒销售。
{"title":"Police Intervention Strategies in the Enforcement of Liquor Policies in South Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.3.1225.1240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.3.1225.1240","url":null,"abstract":"In South Africa (SA), the criminal justice system is responsible for crime control and the administration of justice. The criminal justice system is composed of the police, courts, and correctional services. The South Africa Police Service (SAPS) is the entry point to the criminal justice system because crimes are reported to them for investigation and law enforcement. This article assesses the effectiveness of the SAPS strategies to enforce liquor policies. The assumption of this article is that most liquor traders do not abide by the rules; they aim to generate profit and they don‟t care about the wellbeing of the community. The state‟s failure to intervene at both policy and law-enforcement level makes things worse. From a qualitative research standpoint, purposive sampling was used to select police and non-police liquor inspectors from three provinces, namely the Free State, Gauteng, and Limpopo, to conduct a survey. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. South Africa consists of nine provinces and each province applies its own liquor policy. That makes it very difficult for the police to implement National Liquor Act policy. In conclusion, South Africa needs one liquor policy to enhance compliance to curb selling of alcohol abuse.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Measures of Legal Response to Criminal Offenses against the Freedom, Honor and Dignity of a Person 针对侵犯个人自由、荣誉和尊严的刑事犯罪的法律应对措施的有效性
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.3.1349.1364
Amidst the societal transformations taking place across various domains, the crucial matter of safeguarding individuals’ lives, health, and integrity demands theoretical reconsideration. The objective of the research is to assess the efficacy of key legal measures in addressing criminal offences against the freedom, honour and dignity of a person. The study employed the comparative legal approach, formal legal analysis, legal modeling, and statistical methods. The research findings support the argument that combating crimes against individuals has currently assumed paramount importance. Violations of the person’s freedom, honor and dignity present a significant menace to society. Special emphasis should be placed on the accurate legal evaluation of such crimes, as it hinges on establishing the elements of the offense, as well as addressing other aspects related to crime detection, investigation, identification of perpetrators, and bringing them to criminal accountability. The research concludes by advocating the necessity of acquiring comprehensive and unbiased criminology data concerning both the offender and the victim, with the aim of implementing more efficient and targeted strategies to prevent such crimes. Subsequent scientific inquiries in this realm could delve into exploring optimal and efficacious legal responses to criminal offenses against freedom, honor and dignity of a person.
在各个领域发生的社会变革中,保障个人的生命、健康和人格完整这一关键问题需要从理论上进行重新思考。本研究的目的是评估主要法律措施在处理侵犯个人自由、荣誉和尊严的刑事犯罪方面的效力。研究采用了比较法律方法、正式法律分析、法律建模和统计方法。研究结果支持这样一个论点,即打击针对个人的犯罪目前已变得至关重要。侵犯个人的自由、荣誉和尊严是对社会的重大威胁。应特别强调对此类犯罪进行准确的法律评估,因为这取决于犯罪要素的确定,以及与犯罪侦查、调查、犯罪人识别和追究其刑事责任有关的其他方面。研究最后主张,有必要获取有关犯罪者和受害者的全面、公正的犯罪学数据,以便实施更有效、更有针对性的战略来预防此类犯罪。在这一领域的后续科学研究可以深入探讨针对侵犯人的自由、荣誉和尊严的犯罪行为的最佳和有效的法律对策。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Measures of Legal Response to Criminal Offenses against the Freedom, Honor and Dignity of a Person","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.3.1349.1364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.3.1349.1364","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst the societal transformations taking place across various domains, the crucial matter of safeguarding individuals’ lives, health, and integrity demands theoretical reconsideration. The objective of the research is to assess the efficacy of key legal measures in addressing criminal offences against the freedom, honour and dignity of a person. The study employed the comparative legal approach, formal legal analysis, legal modeling, and statistical methods. The research findings support the argument that combating crimes against individuals has currently assumed paramount importance. Violations of the person’s freedom, honor and dignity present a significant menace to society. Special emphasis should be placed on the accurate legal evaluation of such crimes, as it hinges on establishing the elements of the offense, as well as addressing other aspects related to crime detection, investigation, identification of perpetrators, and bringing them to criminal accountability. The research concludes by advocating the necessity of acquiring comprehensive and unbiased criminology data concerning both the offender and the victim, with the aim of implementing more efficient and targeted strategies to prevent such crimes. Subsequent scientific inquiries in this realm could delve into exploring optimal and efficacious legal responses to criminal offenses against freedom, honor and dignity of a person.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Criminalizing Impersonation via Social Media Platforms 将通过社交媒体平台冒充他人的行为定为刑事犯罪
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.205.216
Through the use of social media platforms, this study seeks to shed light onthe legal definition of impersonation, its history, the rationale behind itscriminalization, the strategy employed by the criminal justice system to address it,and how unique this offense is in comparison to other similar ones. To ascertainthe extent and boundaries of criminalization under the new Jordanian CybercrimeAct, the researcher used a descriptive and analytical technique to present thecriminal law text of impersonation and analyze its content. This researchdiscovered that Jordanian Cybercrime Act No. 17 of 2023 was exceptional in thatit rendered impersonation on social media platforms illegal. However, because theprimary characteristic of this offense's structure is its technological nature, it hasproven challenging to define the boundaries and content of the offense, as well asthe fact that impersonation in its new form is distinct from fraud, invasion ofprivacy, overstepping privacy, and illegal access. The study concludes byrecommending that the minimum and maximum limits of the monetary penalty belowered. It also highlights the necessity for the Jordanian legislature to outlawimpersonation un
通过使用社交媒体平台,本研究试图揭示冒名顶替的法律定义、历史、将其定为刑事犯罪的理由、刑事司法系统为解决这一问题所采取的策略,以及与其他类似犯罪相比,这种犯罪的独特性。为了确定约旦新《网络犯罪法》的定罪范围和界限,研究人员采用了描述性和分析性技术来介绍冒名顶替的刑法文本并分析其内容。研究发现,约旦 2023 年第 17 号《网络犯罪法》的特殊之处在于将社交媒体平台上的冒名顶替行为定为非法行为。然而,由于该罪行结构的主要特点是其技术性,因此界定该罪行的界限和内容具有挑战性,而且新形式的冒充行为与欺诈、侵犯隐私、侵犯隐私权和非法访问截然不同。研究报告最后建议降低罚款的最低和最高限额。研究还强调,约旦立法机构有必要宣布冒名顶替为非法行为,而不是将其视为一种犯罪行为。
{"title":"Criminalizing Impersonation via Social Media Platforms","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.205.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.205.216","url":null,"abstract":"Through the use of social media platforms, this study seeks to shed light on\u0000the legal definition of impersonation, its history, the rationale behind its\u0000criminalization, the strategy employed by the criminal justice system to address it,\u0000and how unique this offense is in comparison to other similar ones. To ascertain\u0000the extent and boundaries of criminalization under the new Jordanian Cybercrime\u0000Act, the researcher used a descriptive and analytical technique to present the\u0000criminal law text of impersonation and analyze its content. This research\u0000discovered that Jordanian Cybercrime Act No. 17 of 2023 was exceptional in that\u0000it rendered impersonation on social media platforms illegal. However, because the\u0000primary characteristic of this offense's structure is its technological nature, it has\u0000proven challenging to define the boundaries and content of the offense, as well as\u0000the fact that impersonation in its new form is distinct from fraud, invasion of\u0000privacy, overstepping privacy, and illegal access. The study concludes by\u0000recommending that the minimum and maximum limits of the monetary penalty be\u0000lowered. It also highlights the necessity for the Jordanian legislature to outlaw\u0000impersonation un","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Crime of Invasion Electronic Data and Information in the Emeriti Law 新法律中的入侵电子数据和信息罪
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.47.60
This study examines the crime of unauthorized access to electronic data and information, focusing on the role of the UAE legislator in combating this crime through Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 on Combatting Rumors and Cybercrimes. It assesses the law’s effectiveness in addressing unauthorized activities such as the destruction or removal of information and data, and invasions of privacy. The paper concludes with recommendations to strengthen legal measures against such crimes. Key suggestions include defining “invasion” within the law to clarify the crime and its penalties, distinguishing between personal and professional email breaches with harsher penalties for the latter due to their significant impact on both state-owned and private enterprises, and recognizing the disruption of information networks as a punishable offense. These recommendations aim to enhance the UAE’s legal framework for protecting electronic data and information.
本研究探讨了未经授权访问电子数据和信息的犯罪问题,重点关注阿联酋立法者通过 2021 年关于打击谣言和网络犯罪的第 34 号联邦法令在打击这种犯罪方面所发挥的作用。本文评估了该法律在处理未经授权的活动(如破坏或删除信息和数据以及侵犯隐私)方面的有效性。文件最后提出了加强打击此类犯罪的法律措施的建议。主要建议包括:在法律中对 "侵犯 "进行定义,以明确犯罪及其处罚;区分个人和专业电子邮件违规行为,由于后者对国有和私营企业都有重大影响,因此对后者的处罚更为严厉;将破坏信息网络的行为认定为应受处罚的犯罪行为。这些建议旨在加强阿联酋保护电子数据和信息的法律框架。
{"title":"The Crime of Invasion Electronic Data and Information in the Emeriti Law","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.47.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.47.60","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the crime of unauthorized access to electronic data and information, focusing on the role of the UAE legislator in combating this crime through Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 on Combatting Rumors and Cybercrimes. It assesses the law’s effectiveness in addressing unauthorized activities such as the destruction or removal of information and data, and invasions of privacy. The paper concludes with recommendations to strengthen legal measures against such crimes. Key suggestions include defining “invasion” within the law to clarify the crime and its penalties, distinguishing between personal and professional email breaches with harsher penalties for the latter due to their significant impact on both state-owned and private enterprises, and recognizing the disruption of information networks as a punishable offense. These recommendations aim to enhance the UAE’s legal framework for protecting electronic data and information.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"197 S571","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of the Decision-Making Process in International Security Organizations in the Context of International Crises 国际危机背景下国际安全组织决策过程的有效性
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.231.246
The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the aggravation ofinterstate conflicts at the regional and interregional levels. In these conditions, theissue of the effectiveness of decision-making mechanisms and procedures in theactivities of the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO), and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)becomes relevant. The aim of the article is to carry out a comparative analysis ofthe decision-making process in the activities of international securityorganisations, such as the UN, NATO, and the OSCE, and determine theireffectiveness in the context of aggravation of interstate conflicts at the regionaland interregional level. Using the methodology of content analysis, descriptive,comparative methods and analysis of legal acts. The procedure for thedevelopment and adoption was analysed, and the effectiveness of the adoption andimplementation of UN, NATO, and OSCE decisions was considered. Furtherresearch prospects may be the study of the mechanisms of such limitations.
区域和区域间国家间冲突的加剧决定了所选主题的相关性。在这种情况下,联合国(UN)、北大西洋公约组织(NATO)和欧洲安全与合作组织(OSCE)活动中决策机制和程序的有效性问题就变得十分重要。本文旨在对联合国、北约和欧安组织等国际安全组织活动中的决策过程进行比较分析,并确定其在地区和地区间国家间冲突加剧背景下的有效性。采用内容分析法、描述性比较法和法律文书分析法。分析了制定和通过的程序,并考虑了通过和执行联合国、北约和欧安组织决定的有效性。进一步的研究前景可能是对此类限制的机制进行研究。
{"title":"Effectiveness of the Decision-Making Process in International Security Organizations in the Context of International Crises","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.231.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.231.246","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the aggravation of\u0000interstate conflicts at the regional and interregional levels. In these conditions, the\u0000issue of the effectiveness of decision-making mechanisms and procedures in the\u0000activities of the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization\u0000(NATO), and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)\u0000becomes relevant. The aim of the article is to carry out a comparative analysis of\u0000the decision-making process in the activities of international security\u0000organisations, such as the UN, NATO, and the OSCE, and determine their\u0000effectiveness in the context of aggravation of interstate conflicts at the regional\u0000and interregional level. Using the methodology of content analysis, descriptive,\u0000comparative methods and analysis of legal acts. The procedure for the\u0000development and adoption was analysed, and the effectiveness of the adoption and\u0000implementation of UN, NATO, and OSCE decisions was considered. Further\u0000research prospects may be the study of the mechanisms of such limitations.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Promoting Equity: Examining Participatory Justice in Free Lunch Program Planning to Combat Stunting in Indonesia 促进公平:考察印度尼西亚免费午餐计划规划中的参与式公正,以应对发育迟缓问题
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.843.856
This study examines the organisation of complimentary meal initiatives inIndonesia through the lens of participatory justice. The study methodologyemployed is a normative juridical approach within a descriptive-analyticalframework. Data were gathered via literature reviews and subjectively assessed.The results indicate that public policy should consider the active involvement ofdifferent societal stakeholders. Participatory justice fosters socioeconomicinclusivity and equity in the process of decision-making. While the free lunchprogram is a tangible measure to combat stunting, active involvement from theimpacted individuals is crucial to guarantee the efficiency and equity of thisprogram. Challenges in implementing participatory justice are the credibility ofpublic involvement, dispute resolution, and the influence of experts in decision making procedures.
本研究通过参与式司法的视角,对印尼免费供餐活动的组织情况进行了研究。采用的研究方法是描述性分析框架内的规范法学方法。研究结果表明,公共政策应考虑不同社会利益相关者的积极参与。参与式司法促进了决策过程中的社会经济包容性和公平性。虽然免费午餐计划是消除发育迟缓的切实措施,但受影响个人的积极参与对于保证该计划的效率和公平至关重要。实施参与式司法的挑战在于公众参与的可信度、争端的解决以及专家对决策程序的影响。
{"title":"Promoting Equity: Examining Participatory Justice in Free Lunch Program Planning to Combat Stunting in Indonesia","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.843.856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.843.856","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the organisation of complimentary meal initiatives in\u0000Indonesia through the lens of participatory justice. The study methodology\u0000employed is a normative juridical approach within a descriptive-analytical\u0000framework. Data were gathered via literature reviews and subjectively assessed.\u0000The results indicate that public policy should consider the active involvement of\u0000different societal stakeholders. Participatory justice fosters socioeconomic\u0000inclusivity and equity in the process of decision-making. While the free lunch\u0000program is a tangible measure to combat stunting, active involvement from the\u0000impacted individuals is crucial to guarantee the efficiency and equity of this\u0000program. Challenges in implementing participatory justice are the credibility of\u0000public involvement, dispute resolution, and the influence of experts in decision making procedures.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"70 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Pakistan Journal of Criminology
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1