Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1107.1118
The United Nations Charter reaffirms that freedom of opinion and expression is essential to global peace and security, a principle reflected in the Jordanian constitution. The Jordanian constitution also provides for the same rights. Nonetheless, the study provides recommendations to legislators for controlling laws to ensure public order, uphold moral standards, and protect the rights of others. Inconsistent legislation restricts freedoms and jeopardizes the entire purpose of human rights, particularly in key areas, namely the right to public assembly, the right to the media, and, most recently, the right to freedom of expression online. By way of conclusion, the study underscores the importance of the Jordanian Constitution of 1952, as it ensures optimal protection of the liberties of expression, which is still in use with its numerous amendments. The study highlights the lack of consistent legislative policy among lay legislators when it comes to laws concerning freedom of expression and opinion. A proposed solution is to implement a national legislation that coincides with and complements the Jordanian Constitution. Moreover, the proposed legislation must adhere to international laws ratified by Jordan. Such as the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which may require reconciliatory measures to align with its clauses.
{"title":"Freedom of Opinion and Expression in the Jordanian Legislation","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1107.1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1107.1118","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations Charter reaffirms that freedom of opinion and\u0000expression is essential to global peace and security, a principle reflected in the\u0000Jordanian constitution. The Jordanian constitution also provides for the same rights.\u0000Nonetheless, the study provides recommendations to legislators for controlling laws\u0000to ensure public order, uphold moral standards, and protect the rights of others.\u0000Inconsistent legislation restricts freedoms and jeopardizes the entire purpose of\u0000human rights, particularly in key areas, namely the right to public assembly, the\u0000right to the media, and, most recently, the right to freedom of expression online. By\u0000way of conclusion, the study underscores the importance of the Jordanian\u0000Constitution of 1952, as it ensures optimal protection of the liberties of expression,\u0000which is still in use with its numerous amendments. The study highlights the lack of\u0000consistent legislative policy among lay legislators when it comes to laws\u0000concerning freedom of expression and opinion. A proposed solution is to\u0000implement a national legislation that coincides with and complements the Jordanian\u0000Constitution. Moreover, the proposed legislation must adhere to international laws\u0000ratified by Jordan. Such as the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which may\u0000require reconciliatory measures to align with its clauses.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.761.782
With an emphasis on the effects of regional differences and the COVID19 epidemic, this study examines the link between Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ratings and the financial performance of European banks while considering the role of governance and law. Our study, which uses panel data regressions spanning five years and 71 listed banks in 21 European nations, shows a negative link between EPI scores and bank performance, which is most noticeable in Southern Europe. These results highlight the significance of taking regional variations in bank size and characteristics into account when assessing EPI performance in the banking industry.
{"title":"An Analysis of the Banking Sectors: The effect of Ecosystem Performance on Financial Stability","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.761.782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.761.782","url":null,"abstract":"With an emphasis on the effects of regional differences and the COVID19 epidemic, this study examines the link between Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ratings and the financial performance of European banks while considering the role of governance and law. Our study, which uses panel data regressions spanning five years and 71 listed banks in 21 European nations, shows a negative link between EPI scores and bank performance, which is most noticeable in Southern Europe. These results highlight the significance of taking regional variations in bank size and characteristics into account when assessing EPI performance in the banking industry.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"209 S649","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.419.430
This study examines the legislative framework governing property disposal in Jordan, focusing on the Real Estate Property Law. Through a detailed analysis of the law’s provisions and their practical implications, the research highlights several key insights. The amendments introduced by the Jordanian government aim to streamline the process of disposing of communal property, emphasizing economic value enhancement. However, criticisms exist, particularly regarding the lack of specialized resources dedicated to addressing decommunization matters within the Department of Lands and Surveys. Despite these challenges, the Real Estate Property Law is crucial for resolving property disputes and fostering economic development. Addressing identified deficiencies and ensuring effective implementation of the law will be essential for realizing its intended benefits and promoting a fair property disposal process. Practical recommendations are provided to enhance the protection of owners’ and renters’ rights and to address deconsolidation issues within the Department of Lands and Survey. Future research should focus on potential revisions of the Real Estate Property Law to streamline processes and ensure fair proceedings.
{"title":"The Regulating Legal Provisions of the Removal of Commons by Disposal: The Real Estate Ownership Law of 2019","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.1.419.430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.1.419.430","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the legislative framework governing property disposal in Jordan, focusing on the Real Estate Property Law. Through a detailed analysis of the law’s provisions and their practical implications, the research highlights several key insights. The amendments introduced by the Jordanian government aim to streamline the process of disposing of communal property, emphasizing economic value enhancement. However, criticisms exist, particularly regarding the lack of specialized resources dedicated to addressing decommunization matters within the Department of Lands and Surveys. Despite these challenges, the Real Estate Property Law is crucial for resolving property disputes and fostering economic development. Addressing identified deficiencies and ensuring effective implementation of the law will be essential for realizing its intended benefits and promoting a fair property disposal process. Practical recommendations are provided to enhance the protection of owners’ and renters’ rights and to address deconsolidation issues within the Department of Lands and Survey. Future research should focus on potential revisions of the Real Estate Property Law to streamline processes and ensure fair proceedings.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"46 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.989.1003
The theory of criminal dangerousness emerged in modern penal policy and has been the focus of criminal legal studies to understand the reasons that drive criminals to commit crimes. The objective is to work to mitigate these reasons through the application of appropriate criminal sanctions adapted to the circumstances of each offender, to rehabilitate them and reintegrate them into society as responsible citizens. Criminal dangerousness is a psychological state or attribute closely associated with the offender, which indicates the possibility of committing another crime in the future. Without a doubt, this topic poses many challenges in terms of the personality, inclinations, emotions, and reactions of the individual, which are reflected in his outward behavior. Addressing the hidden criminal danger in the offender has been achieved through legal texts in which the legislator considers the presence or absence of criminal danger in the authors of the crimes. Additionally, judges have been given discretionary authority to consider the personality of the offender and reveal criminal dangers. Finally, the execution of criminal sanctions in reform and rehabilitation centers also contributes to effectively confronting criminal dangerousness.
{"title":"The Impact of Criminal Dangerousness on Criminal Penalties","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.1.989.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.1.989.1003","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of criminal dangerousness emerged in modern penal policy and\u0000has been the focus of criminal legal studies to understand the reasons that drive\u0000criminals to commit crimes. The objective is to work to mitigate these reasons\u0000through the application of appropriate criminal sanctions adapted to the\u0000circumstances of each offender, to rehabilitate them and reintegrate them into\u0000society as responsible citizens. Criminal dangerousness is a psychological state or\u0000attribute closely associated with the offender, which indicates the possibility of\u0000committing another crime in the future. Without a doubt, this topic poses many\u0000challenges in terms of the personality, inclinations, emotions, and reactions of the\u0000individual, which are reflected in his outward behavior. Addressing the hidden\u0000criminal danger in the offender has been achieved through legal texts in which the\u0000legislator considers the presence or absence of criminal danger in the authors of the\u0000crimes. Additionally, judges have been given discretionary authority to consider the\u0000personality of the offender and reveal criminal dangers. Finally, the execution of\u0000criminal sanctions in reform and rehabilitation centers also contributes to\u0000effectively confronting criminal dangerousness.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1031.1046
This study examines the profound impact of digital media within Islamic societies across diverse domains such as culture, economics, healthcare, environment, gender dynamics, and political participation. Through extensive literature review and empirical evidence, it reveals how digital media has revolutionized cultural preservation, economic development, healthcare delivery, environmental sustainability, gender empowerment, and political engagement within these societies. By understanding the multifaceted role of digital media, policymakers, researchers, and practitioners can effectively harness its potential to foster inclusive development and drive positive societal change in Islamic contexts.
{"title":"Digital Media and Islamic Jurisprudence: Exploring Legal Adaptations and Challenges","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1031.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1031.1046","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the profound impact of digital media within Islamic\u0000societies across diverse domains such as culture, economics, healthcare,\u0000environment, gender dynamics, and political participation. Through extensive\u0000literature review and empirical evidence, it reveals how digital media has\u0000revolutionized cultural preservation, economic development, healthcare delivery,\u0000environmental sustainability, gender empowerment, and political engagement\u0000within these societies. By understanding the multifaceted role of digital media,\u0000policymakers, researchers, and practitioners can effectively harness its potential to\u0000foster inclusive development and drive positive societal change in Islamic contexts.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"77 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relevance of the work is determined by the need to improve the protection of children’s rights as the most vulnerable category of the population during the military conflict. The study aims to analyse the existing international mechanisms for the protection of children’s rights during the armed conflict and their effectiveness using the case of Ukraine. The work employed a doctrinal approach, the method of comparative law, a statistical method, and a content analysis. The research established that at the international level, there is an extensive system of legal documents and relationships between countries and international organisations aimed at protecting children’s rights during military conflict, but this system cannot provide the expected results. Using the case of Ukraine, it was proved that children’s rights are regularly violated in the war with Russia: 512 children were killed, and 1,158 were injured as of December 14, 2023. In Ukraine, numerous measures are taken to protect the children’s rights during the armed conflict. International cooperation plays an important role, but protective mechanisms still need significant improvement. The research results are useful in improving government measures related to protecting children’s rights in armed conflict.
{"title":"International Mechanisms for the Protection of Children’s Rights in Armed Conflict","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.61.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.61.74","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the work is determined by the need to improve the protection of children’s rights as the most vulnerable category of the population during the military conflict. The study aims to analyse the existing international mechanisms for the protection of children’s rights during the armed conflict and their effectiveness using the case of Ukraine. The work employed a doctrinal approach, the method of comparative law, a statistical method, and a content analysis. The research established that at the international level, there is an\u0000extensive system of legal documents and relationships between countries and international organisations aimed at protecting children’s rights during military conflict, but this system cannot provide the expected results. Using the case of Ukraine, it was proved that children’s rights are regularly violated in the war with Russia: 512 children were killed, and 1,158 were injured as of December 14, 2023. In Ukraine, numerous measures are taken to protect the children’s rights during the armed conflict. International cooperation plays an important role, but protective mechanisms still need significant improvement. The research results are useful in improving government measures related to protecting children’s rights in armed conflict.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"142 S266","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.263.276
This study explores comprehensively the complex psychosocial factors driving individuals toward illicit activities in the digital realm. The study encompasses the concept of cybercrime and psychological theories such as social learning, psychoanalytic, and cognitive behavioral theories. The application of space transition theory to cybercriminal behavior, determinants influencing cybercrime perpetration, and mechanisms for addressing cybercrimes. Employing a descriptive and legal analytical methodological approach, it combines didactic exposition and meticulous analysis to deeply explore the psychological motivations behind cybercriminal actions, including experiential trajectories, volitional tendencies, and cognitive processes. The findings reveal a nuanced array of motives underlying cybercriminal behavior, including the absence of a robust cyber-vigilance culture, financial incentives, and the attraction of unauthorized knowledge acquisition. Socio-economic elements like unemployment and intricate family dynamics exacerbate the propensity for cyber-delinquency.
{"title":"Psychological Insights into the Behavior of Cybercriminals: A Theoretical Perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.263.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.263.276","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores comprehensively the complex psychosocial factors\u0000driving individuals toward illicit activities in the digital realm. The study\u0000encompasses the concept of cybercrime and psychological theories such as social\u0000learning, psychoanalytic, and cognitive behavioral theories. The application of\u0000space transition theory to cybercriminal behavior, determinants influencing\u0000cybercrime perpetration, and mechanisms for addressing cybercrimes. Employing\u0000a descriptive and legal analytical methodological approach, it combines didactic\u0000exposition and meticulous analysis to deeply explore the psychological\u0000motivations behind cybercriminal actions, including experiential trajectories,\u0000volitional tendencies, and cognitive processes. The findings reveal a nuanced array\u0000of motives underlying cybercriminal behavior, including the absence of a robust\u0000cyber-vigilance culture, financial incentives, and the attraction of unauthorized\u0000knowledge acquisition. Socio-economic elements like unemployment and intricate\u0000family dynamics exacerbate the propensity for cyber-delinquency.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"170 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1047.1060
There is often an intersection between general confiscation and criminal confiscation, one of which is caused by disharmony in confiscation arrangements between general confiscation and criminal confiscation. This study examines the comparison of the application of general and criminal confiscation law in bankruptcy cases in Indonesia and Australia and finds out whether the method of resolving general and criminal confiscation disputes according to Australian bankruptcy law can be applied in Indonesian bankruptcy law. Applying normative legal research, this study revealed that the resolution of disputes between vesting of property in bankruptcy law and confiscation orders in the law of proceeds of crime prioritizes legal certainty. This is evidenced by the provisions of Articles 6C, 58, 58A of the Bankruptcy Act 1966, which provide a detailed explanation of when and at what times there are exceptions to the application of vesting of property to the property of bankrupt debtors. The practice of applying dispute resolution between the institution of confiscation in bankruptcy law and confiscation for proceeds of crime according to bankruptcy law in Australia has been practiced several times by the Commercial Court in Indonesia.
{"title":"The Application of General and Criminal Confiscation Laws in Bankruptcy Cases in Indonesia and Australia","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1047.1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1047.1060","url":null,"abstract":"There is often an intersection between general confiscation and criminal\u0000confiscation, one of which is caused by disharmony in confiscation arrangements\u0000between general confiscation and criminal confiscation. This study examines the\u0000comparison of the application of general and criminal confiscation law in\u0000bankruptcy cases in Indonesia and Australia and finds out whether the method of\u0000resolving general and criminal confiscation disputes according to Australian\u0000bankruptcy law can be applied in Indonesian bankruptcy law. Applying normative\u0000legal research, this study revealed that the resolution of disputes between vesting of\u0000property in bankruptcy law and confiscation orders in the law of proceeds of crime\u0000prioritizes legal certainty. This is evidenced by the provisions of Articles 6C, 58,\u000058A of the Bankruptcy Act 1966, which provide a detailed explanation of when and\u0000at what times there are exceptions to the application of vesting of property to the\u0000property of bankrupt debtors. The practice of applying dispute resolution between\u0000the institution of confiscation in bankruptcy law and confiscation for proceeds of\u0000crime according to bankruptcy law in Australia has been practiced several times by\u0000the Commercial Court in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1095.1106
In the era of rapid technological advancement, the proper adaptation of legal frameworks and secure technologies is crucial to ensure legal certainty in land ownership. The National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional or ATR/BPN) plays a central role in managing the issuance of electronic land certificates. This research aims to investigate the role of electronic land certificates in providing legal protection in Indonesia and analyze the challenges and vulnerabilities that arise with the development of information technology. Employing a normative legal method, this study focuses on the analysis of norms and legal regulations governing the use of electronic land certificates in the land registration system. The research approach includes a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and the use of primary and secondary legal materials. The results emphasize the importance of careful adaptation to information technology developments to maintain legal certainty in land ownership, highlighting the central role of the ATR/BPN and the necessity of appropriate regulations, data security, legal validity, technical requirements, and technology utilization, including data encryption and network security measures, to address vulnerabilities. Adequate awareness and training are also deemed essential for all stakeholders involved.
在技术飞速发展的时代，适当调整法律框架和安全技术对于确保土地所有权的法律确定性至关重要。国家土地局（Badan Pertanahan Nasional 或 ATR/BPN）在管理电子土地证书的发放方面发挥着核心作用。本研究旨在调查电子土地证书在印度尼西亚提供法律保护方面的作用，并分析信息技术发展带来的挑战和脆弱性。本研究采用规范法律方法，重点分析土地登记系统中使用电子土地证书的规范和法律规定。研究方法包括立法方法、概念方法以及使用主要和次要法律材料。研究结果强调了谨慎适应信息技术发展以维护土地所有权法律确定性的重要性，突出了 ATR/BPN 的核心作用，以及适当的法规、数据安全、法律效力、技术要求和技术利用（包括数据加密和网络安全措施）以解决漏洞的必要性。充分的认识和培训对所有相关利益攸关方也至关重要。
{"title":"The Vulnerabilities of Electronic Land Certificates and Legal Adaptation in Indonesia’s Land Registration System","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1095.1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1095.1106","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of rapid technological advancement, the proper adaptation of legal frameworks and secure technologies is crucial to ensure legal certainty in land ownership. The National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional or ATR/BPN) plays a central role in managing the issuance of electronic land certificates. This research aims to investigate the role of electronic land certificates in providing legal protection in Indonesia and analyze the challenges and vulnerabilities that arise with the development of information technology. Employing a normative legal method, this study focuses on the analysis of norms and legal regulations governing the use of electronic land certificates in the land registration system. The research approach includes a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and the use of primary and secondary legal materials. The results emphasize the importance of careful adaptation to information technology developments to maintain legal certainty in land ownership, highlighting the central role of the ATR/BPN and the necessity of appropriate regulations, data security, legal validity, technical requirements, and technology utilization, including data encryption and network security measures, to address vulnerabilities. Adequate awareness and training are also deemed essential for all stakeholders involved.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"275 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.887.902
The primary objective of the fact sheets about environmental access to justice is to furnish readily available guidelines for initiating a review process before an autonomous judicial institution or an administrative entity. Judges have always been vital in creating and enforcing effective environmental and justice laws. Judges have had to combine principle with practicality when drafting and applying such regulations, and progress has been slow. Critics have criticized them for not adhering to judicial bounds, especially in political conflicts and economic wealth distribution. With UN Environment Programmed support, judges have led efforts to improve environmental legal competency and knowledge sharing. While legal systems vary, certain concerns and their remedies are worldwide. Despite this restriction, international environmental litigation against businesses is possible when serious environmental degradation affects core human rights and interests. Such victims may utilize environmental violations to strengthen their claims.
{"title":"The Creative Role of the National Judge in Providing the Civil Protection from the Environmental Damages","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.887.902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.887.902","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of the fact sheets about environmental access to\u0000justice is to furnish readily available guidelines for initiating a review process\u0000before an autonomous judicial institution or an administrative entity. Judges have\u0000always been vital in creating and enforcing effective environmental and justice\u0000laws. Judges have had to combine principle with practicality when drafting and\u0000applying such regulations, and progress has been slow. Critics have criticized them\u0000for not adhering to judicial bounds, especially in political conflicts and economic\u0000wealth distribution. With UN Environment Programmed support, judges have led\u0000efforts to improve environmental legal competency and knowledge sharing. While\u0000legal systems vary, certain concerns and their remedies are worldwide. Despite this\u0000restriction, international environmental litigation against businesses is possible\u0000when serious environmental degradation affects core human rights and interests.\u0000Such victims may utilize environmental violations to strengthen their claims.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"260 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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