Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-95-105
V. V. Rubanik, D. Bahrets, V. I. Urban, В. В. Рубаник, Д. А. Багрец, В. И. Урбан
The paper presents the results of research on morphology, elemental composition, microhardness, corrosion properties of the surface layer of TiNi alloy subjected to ion-plasma (vacuum-arc method) deposition of TiN coating and ultrasonic treatment (UT) with different number of passes (n). The SEM method showed that ultrasonic treatment provides a significant reduction in the amount of the droplet phase on the TiN coating surface. The surface discontinuity of TiN coating at local points was observed with an increase in the number of passes during ultrasonic treatment. The effect of combined processing methods on the microhardness of TiNi sample was studied. It was shown that the synergistic effect can be observed for two hardening methods. The combined strengthening method increased the microhardness of TiNi alloy (1.6 GPa in the as-received state): due to the deposition of a TiN coating – up to 10.9 GPa, due to subsequently ultrasonic treatment – up to 14.5–18.4 GPa depending on the number of passes. For UT + TiN scheme, it was shown that the open circuit potential Ecorr was about –250 mV which is practically independent of the number of passes and determined by the potential value of TiN coating. For TiN + UT scheme, it was found that with an increase in the number of passes, the value of Ecorr shifts towards more negative values approaching the open circuit potential value of the TiNi sample in the as-received state (–350 mV). The analysis of Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) results showed high electrochemical compatibility of substrate (TiNi) and coating (TiN) materials in a chloride environment with minimal current density fluctuations for the samples subjected to UT + TiN and TiN + UT (n = 1). The proposed method for TiNi alloy treatment according to TiN + UT scheme (n = 1) promotes an improvement of surface morphology and corrosion resistance.
本文介绍了对经过离子等离子体（真空电弧法）沉积 TiN 涂层和不同通过次数（n）超声处理（UT）的 TiNi 合金表面层的形貌、元素组成、显微硬度和腐蚀性能的研究结果。SEM 方法表明，超声波处理可显著减少 TiN 涂层表面的液滴相数量。随着超声波处理次数的增加，TiN 涂层表面局部出现了不连续现象。研究了组合处理方法对 TiNi 样品显微硬度的影响。结果表明，两种淬火方法可以产生协同效应。组合强化方法提高了钛镍合金的显微硬度（在接收状态下为 1.6 GPa）：由于 TiN 涂层的沉积 - 高达 10.9 GPa，由于随后的超声波处理 - 高达 14.5-18.4 GPa（取决于通过的次数）。对于 UT + TiN 方案，开路电位 Ecorr 约为 -250 mV，实际上与通过次数无关，由 TiN 涂层的电位值决定。对于 TiN + UT 方案，研究发现，随着通过次数的增加，Ecorr 的值会向更负的方向移动，接近 TiNi 样品在接收状态下的开路电位值（-350 mV）。扫描振动电极技术（SVET）的分析结果表明，在氯化物环境中，UT + TiN 和 TiN + UT（n = 1）样品的基底（TiNi）和涂层（TiN）材料具有很高的电化学兼容性，电流密度波动极小。根据 TiN + UT 方案（n = 1）提出的 TiNi 合金处理方法促进了表面形态和耐腐蚀性的改善。
{"title":"Structure and properties of surface layer of TiNi alloy subjected to ion-plasma- and ultrasonic treatment","authors":"V. V. Rubanik, D. Bahrets, V. I. Urban, В. В. Рубаник, Д. А. Багрец, В. И. Урбан","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-95-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-95-105","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of research on morphology, elemental composition, microhardness, corrosion properties of the surface layer of TiNi alloy subjected to ion-plasma (vacuum-arc method) deposition of TiN coating and ultrasonic treatment (UT) with different number of passes (n). The SEM method showed that ultrasonic treatment provides a significant reduction in the amount of the droplet phase on the TiN coating surface. The surface discontinuity of TiN coating at local points was observed with an increase in the number of passes during ultrasonic treatment. The effect of combined processing methods on the microhardness of TiNi sample was studied. It was shown that the synergistic effect can be observed for two hardening methods. The combined strengthening method increased the microhardness of TiNi alloy (1.6 GPa in the as-received state): due to the deposition of a TiN coating – up to 10.9 GPa, due to subsequently ultrasonic treatment – up to 14.5–18.4 GPa depending on the number of passes. For UT + TiN scheme, it was shown that the open circuit potential Ecorr was about –250 mV which is practically independent of the number of passes and determined by the potential value of TiN coating. For TiN + UT scheme, it was found that with an increase in the number of passes, the value of Ecorr shifts towards more negative values approaching the open circuit potential value of the TiNi sample in the as-received state (–350 mV). The analysis of Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) results showed high electrochemical compatibility of substrate (TiNi) and coating (TiN) materials in a chloride environment with minimal current density fluctuations for the samples subjected to UT + TiN and TiN + UT (n = 1). The proposed method for TiNi alloy treatment according to TiN + UT scheme (n = 1) promotes an improvement of surface morphology and corrosion resistance.","PeriodicalId":516810,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-129-138
A. Dyatko, S. M. Kostromitsky, P. N. Shumski
The article is devoted to the development of algorithms for calculating the target angle in the coordinate system of an onboard radar and modeling their operation. To construct an algorithm for calculating the target angle, a fixed terrestrial coordinate system and a moving coordinate system of an onboard radar are used. Expressions are presented for recalculating the Cartesian coordinates of an object from the earth coordinate system to the on-board radar coordinate system. The concept of azimuth and elevation planes is introduced for the coordinate system of an onboard radar. Algorithms for calculating target angles in the azimuthal and elevation planes are presented. It is shown that the algorithm for calculating the target angle in the elevation plane has a different form depending on the sign of the target elevation angle. In addition, the type of the mentioned algorithm depends on whether the target is approaching or moving away from the onboard radar. The resulting algorithms for calculating the target angle use information about the coordinates of the target speed in the coordinate system of the onboard radar. Since the coordinates of the velocity vector in the onboard radar cannot be measured, they are estimated from two contacts with the target during the review period. Modeling of the developed algorithms has been carried out.
{"title":"Development and modeling of algorithms for calculating target angle in the coordinate system of the onboard radar","authors":"A. Dyatko, S. M. Kostromitsky, P. N. Shumski","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-129-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-129-138","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the development of algorithms for calculating the target angle in the coordinate system of an onboard radar and modeling their operation. To construct an algorithm for calculating the target angle, a fixed terrestrial coordinate system and a moving coordinate system of an onboard radar are used. Expressions are presented for recalculating the Cartesian coordinates of an object from the earth coordinate system to the on-board radar coordinate system. The concept of azimuth and elevation planes is introduced for the coordinate system of an onboard radar. Algorithms for calculating target angles in the azimuthal and elevation planes are presented. It is shown that the algorithm for calculating the target angle in the elevation plane has a different form depending on the sign of the target elevation angle. In addition, the type of the mentioned algorithm depends on whether the target is approaching or moving away from the onboard radar. The resulting algorithms for calculating the target angle use information about the coordinates of the target speed in the coordinate system of the onboard radar. Since the coordinates of the velocity vector in the onboard radar cannot be measured, they are estimated from two contacts with the target during the review period. Modeling of the developed algorithms has been carried out.","PeriodicalId":516810,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-139-150
G. Piskun, V. Alexeev, O. V. Stepchenkov, A. N. Popov, A. N. Belikov, D. G. Rybakov
The results of a study of the influence of the length and number of heat pipes included in the radiator construction on the efficiency of removing excess thermal energy from modern processors are presented. Research was carried out for radiator constructions consisting of a heat sink, a heat pipe and a finned radiator installed on the processor and located in an open environment (air movement occurs without mixing, which is typical for free convection) or in a closed environment (air flows circulate in a closed loop, which is typical for natural convection in a limited space). Numerical modeling was carried out using the Flow Simulation module of the SolidWorks software package. It has been shown that the value of the temperature difference formed at the ends of heat pipes (hereinafter referred to as HP) significantly depends on the natural movement of air flows in an open or closed environment. It has been established that with an increase in the length of the HP from 100 mm to 500 mm, the temperature difference increases both in the case of air flow in an open environment and in a closed environment, in particular, the temperature difference increase at the ends of one HP with a diameter of 6 mm at power 50 W processor will be 29.54 °C (open environment) and 47.14 °C (closed environment); for three HPs – 9.13 °С (open environment) and 16.28 °С (closed environment); for five HPs – 5.24 °С (open environment) and 10.11 °С (closed environment). It has been established that an increase in the number of HPs with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 500 mm from 1 pc. up to 5 pcs. leads to a decrease in temperature difference, in particular, with a processor power of 50 W, the temperature difference will be 36.17 °C (one HP in an open environment) and 55.59 °C (one HP in a closed environment); 11.04 °С (three HPs in an open environment) and 19.06 °С (three HPs in a closed environment); as well as 6.3 °С (five HPs in an open environment) and 11.56 °С (five HPs in a closed environment). The results obtained can be used to modernize the cooling systems of various technical devices based on processors, as well as to design new high-performance equipment taking into account the use of heat pipes.
{"title":"Assessment of the influence of the length and number of heat pipes on the efficiency of the removal of excess thermal energy from the processor","authors":"G. Piskun, V. Alexeev, O. V. Stepchenkov, A. N. Popov, A. N. Belikov, D. G. Rybakov","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-139-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-139-150","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a study of the influence of the length and number of heat pipes included in the radiator construction on the efficiency of removing excess thermal energy from modern processors are presented. Research was carried out for radiator constructions consisting of a heat sink, a heat pipe and a finned radiator installed on the processor and located in an open environment (air movement occurs without mixing, which is typical for free convection) or in a closed environment (air flows circulate in a closed loop, which is typical for natural convection in a limited space). Numerical modeling was carried out using the Flow Simulation module of the SolidWorks software package. It has been shown that the value of the temperature difference formed at the ends of heat pipes (hereinafter referred to as HP) significantly depends on the natural movement of air flows in an open or closed environment. It has been established that with an increase in the length of the HP from 100 mm to 500 mm, the temperature difference increases both in the case of air flow in an open environment and in a closed environment, in particular, the temperature difference increase at the ends of one HP with a diameter of 6 mm at power 50 W processor will be 29.54 °C (open environment) and 47.14 °C (closed environment); for three HPs – 9.13 °С (open environment) and 16.28 °С (closed environment); for five HPs – 5.24 °С (open environment) and 10.11 °С (closed environment). It has been established that an increase in the number of HPs with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 500 mm from 1 pc. up to 5 pcs. leads to a decrease in temperature difference, in particular, with a processor power of 50 W, the temperature difference will be 36.17 °C (one HP in an open environment) and 55.59 °C (one HP in a closed environment); 11.04 °С (three HPs in an open environment) and 19.06 °С (three HPs in a closed environment); as well as 6.3 °С (five HPs in an open environment) and 11.56 °С (five HPs in a closed environment). The results obtained can be used to modernize the cooling systems of various technical devices based on processors, as well as to design new high-performance equipment taking into account the use of heat pipes.","PeriodicalId":516810,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-114-128
S. Grabchikov, E. A. Grabchikova, A. P. Drapezo, T. Zubar, M. I. Panasyuk, O. Kanafyev, A. V. Losev, A. Trukhanov, V. M. Fedosyuk
The paper considers the problem of the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by electric vehicles (EV) and household appliances on humans in modern society. The data on the effect of EMF on human health and regulatory documents establishing requirements for electromagnetic safety are presented. The method of electromagnetic shielding and materials for the implementation of this method are considered as a promising method for solving the problem. The levels of electromagnetic radiation from a number of EV and household electrical appliances have been experimentally measured. The efficiency of electromagnetic shielding of materials based on single-layer coatings of Ni80Fe20 alloys, multilayer film structures Ni80Fe20/Cu and amorphous metal alloys AMAG172 has been estimated using a computational method. It is shown that electromagnetic screens based on these materials significantly reduce the levels of exposure to EMF of EV and household electrical appliances on humans, which allows us to approach the hygienic standards recommended by doctors and meet the requirements of regulatory documents on remote control.
{"title":"The problem of protecting a person from the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields in modern society. Possible ways to solve it","authors":"S. Grabchikov, E. A. Grabchikova, A. P. Drapezo, T. Zubar, M. I. Panasyuk, O. Kanafyev, A. V. Losev, A. Trukhanov, V. M. Fedosyuk","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-114-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-114-128","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the problem of the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by electric vehicles (EV) and household appliances on humans in modern society. The data on the effect of EMF on human health and regulatory documents establishing requirements for electromagnetic safety are presented. The method of electromagnetic shielding and materials for the implementation of this method are considered as a promising method for solving the problem. The levels of electromagnetic radiation from a number of EV and household electrical appliances have been experimentally measured. The efficiency of electromagnetic shielding of materials based on single-layer coatings of Ni80Fe20 alloys, multilayer film structures Ni80Fe20/Cu and amorphous metal alloys AMAG172 has been estimated using a computational method. It is shown that electromagnetic screens based on these materials significantly reduce the levels of exposure to EMF of EV and household electrical appliances on humans, which allows us to approach the hygienic standards recommended by doctors and meet the requirements of regulatory documents on remote control.","PeriodicalId":516810,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-166-176
С. Д. Бринкевич, Д. И. Бринкевич, А. И. Киевицкая, А. Н. Кийко, И. А. Ковалёв, Sviatoslav D . Brinkevich, D. Brinkevich, H. I. Kiyavitskaya, Aliaksandr N . Ki y ko, Igor A. Kovalev
In order to clarify the scheme of radioactive waste management, the accumulation of undesirable beta-emitting radionuclides (PH) in the production of radiopharmaceuticals based on 18F using the IBA CYCLONE 18/9 HC cyclotron was investigated. It is shown that the dominant impurity PH is tritium, which is formed by the reaction of 18O(p, t) 16O when water is irradiated with [18O]H2O protons. The main proportion of 3H (about 95%) remains in the regenerated water. 1.6 % of the accumulated tritium activity is carried away from the synthesis zone with gases and water vapor. Tritium-containing waste (regenerated water in vials) can be considered as waste of a very low level of activity during disposal. With an increase in the operating time of the target over 2500 µA · h, the processes of corrosion /erosion of target materials increase, which leads to a sharp increase in the concentration of undesirable radionuclides in regenerated water, sorption purification cartridges and the finished dosage form. The concentration of tritium does not increase significantly. In the β-spectra of regenerated water [18O]H2O and the finished radiopharmaceutical [18F]NaF, in addition to the maximum due to tritium, a number of maxima appear in both the low- and high-energy parts of the spectrum. Other undesirable β-emitters accumulate in water as a result of leaching of the activated target wall. The possibility of using measurements of tritium activity in water [18O]H2O as an indicator of its re-enrichment has been demonstrated. The necessity of controlling the content of impurity beta-emitting PH in intermediate products, production waste and final radiopharmaceutical is shown.
{"title":"Analysis of the accumulation of β-emitting radionuclides in the production of radiopharmaceuticals based on 18F using the IBA CYCLONE 18/9 HC cyclotron","authors":"С. Д. Бринкевич, Д. И. Бринкевич, А. И. Киевицкая, А. Н. Кийко, И. А. Ковалёв, Sviatoslav D . Brinkevich, D. Brinkevich, H. I. Kiyavitskaya, Aliaksandr N . Ki y ko, Igor A. Kovalev","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-166-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-166-176","url":null,"abstract":"In order to clarify the scheme of radioactive waste management, the accumulation of undesirable beta-emitting radionuclides (PH) in the production of radiopharmaceuticals based on 18F using the IBA CYCLONE 18/9 HC cyclotron was investigated. It is shown that the dominant impurity PH is tritium, which is formed by the reaction of 18O(p, t) 16O when water is irradiated with [18O]H2O protons. The main proportion of 3H (about 95%) remains in the regenerated water. 1.6 % of the accumulated tritium activity is carried away from the synthesis zone with gases and water vapor. Tritium-containing waste (regenerated water in vials) can be considered as waste of a very low level of activity during disposal. With an increase in the operating time of the target over 2500 µA · h, the processes of corrosion /erosion of target materials increase, which leads to a sharp increase in the concentration of undesirable radionuclides in regenerated water, sorption purification cartridges and the finished dosage form. The concentration of tritium does not increase significantly. In the β-spectra of regenerated water [18O]H2O and the finished radiopharmaceutical [18F]NaF, in addition to the maximum due to tritium, a number of maxima appear in both the low- and high-energy parts of the spectrum. Other undesirable β-emitters accumulate in water as a result of leaching of the activated target wall. The possibility of using measurements of tritium activity in water [18O]H2O as an indicator of its re-enrichment has been demonstrated. The necessity of controlling the content of impurity beta-emitting PH in intermediate products, production waste and final radiopharmaceutical is shown.","PeriodicalId":516810,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-151-165
D. L. Tretinnikov, A. V. Doinikova, P. K. Nagula
The results of a computational analysis of possible modes of combustion of a hydrogen-air mixture in containment during the evolution of a severe beyond design basis accident (BDBA) with the COCOSYS code are presented. The containment of the NPP with a VVER-1200/V-491 reactor was selected as the object of study. BDBA with loss of coolant occurs due to a break of the injection pipeline of the pressurizer system (LOCA DN179) and the simultaneous failure of all active channels of the emergency core cooling system (ECCS). The calculated parameters of the thermodynamic state (pressure and temperature) of the gas mixture are given, and the values of the concentration distribution of hydrogen inside the containment are presented. After calculating the hydrogen distribution and mixing in all compartments of the containment, an evaluation was made of the flammability of the mixture and the potential for self-ignition in the containment by using a three-component Shapiro-Moffette diagram. It was concluded that in BDBA (LOCA DN179 with failure of active ECCS) detonation of the hydrogen-containing mixture is excluded, and deflagration is possible only in the emergency compartment of steam generators with a pipeline break. Thus, the hydrogen risk mitigation has been achieved in accordance with the standards established by the Belarusian regulator, provided that the localization safety systems are operational in the event of hydrogen deflagration. And the efficiency of the hydrogen removal system from the containment using catalytic recombination is considered sufficient for the considered BDBA.
{"title":"Analysis of the hydrogen safety of the NPP with a VVER-1200/V-491 reactor in a severe beyond design based accident","authors":"D. L. Tretinnikov, A. V. Doinikova, P. K. Nagula","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-151-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-151-165","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a computational analysis of possible modes of combustion of a hydrogen-air mixture in containment during the evolution of a severe beyond design basis accident (BDBA) with the COCOSYS code are presented. The containment of the NPP with a VVER-1200/V-491 reactor was selected as the object of study. BDBA with loss of coolant occurs due to a break of the injection pipeline of the pressurizer system (LOCA DN179) and the simultaneous failure of all active channels of the emergency core cooling system (ECCS). The calculated parameters of the thermodynamic state (pressure and temperature) of the gas mixture are given, and the values of the concentration distribution of hydrogen inside the containment are presented. After calculating the hydrogen distribution and mixing in all compartments of the containment, an evaluation was made of the flammability of the mixture and the potential for self-ignition in the containment by using a three-component Shapiro-Moffette diagram. It was concluded that in BDBA (LOCA DN179 with failure of active ECCS) detonation of the hydrogen-containing mixture is excluded, and deflagration is possible only in the emergency compartment of steam generators with a pipeline break. Thus, the hydrogen risk mitigation has been achieved in accordance with the standards established by the Belarusian regulator, provided that the localization safety systems are operational in the event of hydrogen deflagration. And the efficiency of the hydrogen removal system from the containment using catalytic recombination is considered sufficient for the considered BDBA.","PeriodicalId":516810,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-106-113
В. Б. Щербакова, П. С. Гринчук, Valentina B. Shcherbakova, Pavel S. Grinchuk
A brief review and critical evaluation of the literature related to the mechanism of carbothermic reduction of silicon oxide is presented. To resolve the contradictions in the literature data about the number of chemical reactions and key intermediate substances during the Acheson process, thermodynamic modeling of products of carbothermic reduction of silicon (IV) oxide at 1 bar total pressure was carried out. It was determined that CO2 and Si were absent among the intermediates at temperatures close to the silicon carbide formation temperature (from 1520 to ~2500 °С). Out of several dozen possible reactions, the two dominant reactions that result in the formation of silicon carbide in the Acheson process were identified. The effect of reagents temperature from 1000 to 3000 °С, bulk and local deviation from stoichiometry of the initial mixture on the composition of the reaction products was discovered. Obtained new data explains some empirical observations and greatly simplifies the physicochemical modeling of the Acheson process.
{"title":"Thermodynamic modeling of silicon carbide formation during the Acheson process in non-stoichiometric mixtures","authors":"В. Б. Щербакова, П. С. Гринчук, Valentina B. Shcherbakova, Pavel S. Grinchuk","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-106-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-2-106-113","url":null,"abstract":"A brief review and critical evaluation of the literature related to the mechanism of carbothermic reduction of silicon oxide is presented. To resolve the contradictions in the literature data about the number of chemical reactions and key intermediate substances during the Acheson process, thermodynamic modeling of products of carbothermic reduction of silicon (IV) oxide at 1 bar total pressure was carried out. It was determined that CO2 and Si were absent among the intermediates at temperatures close to the silicon carbide formation temperature (from 1520 to ~2500 °С). Out of several dozen possible reactions, the two dominant reactions that result in the formation of silicon carbide in the Acheson process were identified. The effect of reagents temperature from 1000 to 3000 °С, bulk and local deviation from stoichiometry of the initial mixture on the composition of the reaction products was discovered. Obtained new data explains some empirical observations and greatly simplifies the physicochemical modeling of the Acheson process.","PeriodicalId":516810,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-1-65-75
A. B. Laptev, A. M. Kogan, E. V. Nikolaev, A. Rogachev, Zh. V. Ihnatovich, Yu. V. Matveenko
Based on the analysis of the literature on the possibility of using neural networks to create new materials with high functional properties, the article considers a solution to the problem of determining the operational stability of polymeric composite materials by creating physical and chemically sound mathematical prediction models. Epoxy resins of the UP-637 and EA brands with an isophorone diamine hardener were chosen as the matrix of the model composite material, and oligobutadiene rubber of the SKN-10 KTR brand was chosen as the modifier. It justifies directions of work necessary for development of new materials creation methodology with optimal characteristics, building a model for changing the properties of materials at variation of composition and implementation of full-scale mathematical modeling of physical and chemical processes of polymer composite materials aging at changing level and time of climatic factors influence. Verification of the obtained dependence of service characteristics on the composition of the material and the level of influencing climatic factors was carried out on the basis of data from full-scale tests in a temperate climate. The proposed methodology for modelling the properties of polymer composite materials will reduce the development time of new materials and allow creation of polymer composites based on epoxy resin containing fillers of various natures (carbon, mineral and polymer) with high performance parameters.
基于对利用神经网络创造具有高功能特性的新材料的可能性的文献分析，文章考虑了通过创建物理和化学上合理的数学预测模型来确定聚合物复合材料的工作稳定性问题的解决方案。文章选择 UP-637 和 EA 品牌的环氧树脂和异佛尔酮二胺固化剂作为模型复合材料的基体，并选择 SKN-10 KTR 品牌的低聚丁二烯橡胶作为改性剂。这为以下工作指明了方向：开发具有最佳特性的新材料制造方法、建立在成分变化时改变材料特性的模型，以及在气候因素影响水平和时间不断变化的情况下，对聚合物复合材料老化的物理和化学过程进行全面数学建模。根据在温带气候条件下进行的全尺寸试验数据，验证了所获得的使用特性对材料成分和气候影响因素水平的依赖性。所提出的聚合物复合材料性能建模方法将缩短新材料的开发时间，并可在环氧树脂的基础上制造出含有各种性质填料（碳、矿物和聚合物）的具有高性能参数的聚合物复合材料。
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of the creation process and aging of polymer composite materials","authors":"A. B. Laptev, A. M. Kogan, E. V. Nikolaev, A. Rogachev, Zh. V. Ihnatovich, Yu. V. Matveenko","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-1-65-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-1-65-75","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of the literature on the possibility of using neural networks to create new materials with high functional properties, the article considers a solution to the problem of determining the operational stability of polymeric composite materials by creating physical and chemically sound mathematical prediction models. Epoxy resins of the UP-637 and EA brands with an isophorone diamine hardener were chosen as the matrix of the model composite material, and oligobutadiene rubber of the SKN-10 KTR brand was chosen as the modifier. It justifies directions of work necessary for development of new materials creation methodology with optimal characteristics, building a model for changing the properties of materials at variation of composition and implementation of full-scale mathematical modeling of physical and chemical processes of polymer composite materials aging at changing level and time of climatic factors influence. Verification of the obtained dependence of service characteristics on the composition of the material and the level of influencing climatic factors was carried out on the basis of data from full-scale tests in a temperate climate. The proposed methodology for modelling the properties of polymer composite materials will reduce the development time of new materials and allow creation of polymer composites based on epoxy resin containing fillers of various natures (carbon, mineral and polymer) with high performance parameters.","PeriodicalId":516810,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140749815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-1-28-38
B. Bazrov, M. Kheifetz
Due to the customization of production, it becomes especially important to test the design of the product for manufacturability at all stages of its creation. A method is proposed to improve the manufacturability of the product design at the stage of developing the working documentation of the product, based on its evaluation by summing the coefficients of manufacturability. The method consists in constructing a regression series of product design characteristics according to the degree of reduction of their impact on the complexity of the design and establishing the sequence of its improvement. It is recommended to improve manufacturability and reduce the labor intensity of manufacturing a product, to pay attention from the beginning to methods for achieving accuracy during assembly, as well as the use of the maximum number of purchased parts in assemblies; then on the repeatability of the types of connections of parts in the design, reducing the number of types and laboriousness of making connections, and finally on the repeatability of parts in the overall design, the maximum use of borrowed parts. It is shown that the typification of processes and the unification of structures can be effectively dealt with at the level of large associations (holdings, concerns) and especially industries.
{"title":"Method of improving the production manufacturability of the product design","authors":"B. Bazrov, M. Kheifetz","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-1-28-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-1-28-38","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the customization of production, it becomes especially important to test the design of the product for manufacturability at all stages of its creation. A method is proposed to improve the manufacturability of the product design at the stage of developing the working documentation of the product, based on its evaluation by summing the coefficients of manufacturability. The method consists in constructing a regression series of product design characteristics according to the degree of reduction of their impact on the complexity of the design and establishing the sequence of its improvement. It is recommended to improve manufacturability and reduce the labor intensity of manufacturing a product, to pay attention from the beginning to methods for achieving accuracy during assembly, as well as the use of the maximum number of purchased parts in assemblies; then on the repeatability of the types of connections of parts in the design, reducing the number of types and laboriousness of making connections, and finally on the repeatability of parts in the overall design, the maximum use of borrowed parts. It is shown that the typification of processes and the unification of structures can be effectively dealt with at the level of large associations (holdings, concerns) and especially industries.","PeriodicalId":516810,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-1-76-88
T. Leontieva, L. Maskalchuk, A. Baklay, N. A. Makovskaya
Studies have been carried out to determine the main parameters characterizing the quality of cement compounds: 137Cs leaching rate and mechanical strength. As sorption additives, aluminosilicate sorbents were used, obtained from clay-salt slimes of JSC “Belaruskali” as a result of water and acid-water treatment to increase the content of the clay mineral illite, which is the main component in the composition of aluminosilicate sorbents. Model aqueous solutions of 137Cs were used as liquid radioactive waste, including those with a NaNO3 content of 150 g/dm . It has been established that the use of aluminosilicate sorbents makes it possible to reduce the rate of 137Cs leaching from cement compounds, which indicates a higher degree of 137Cs fixation in the matrix material compared to samples of cement compounds without sorption additives. The efficiency of the aluminosilicate sorbent for 137Cs immobilization during cementation of a model solution of liquid radioactive waste is 3 times higher than the well-known and widely used sorption additive (bentonite clay from the 10th Khutor deposit, Khakassia, Russia). Determination of the mechanical strength of samples of cement compounds with the addition of 5–15 % aluminosilicate sorbents showed that this indicator is 8–9 times higher than the standard value (4.9 MPa). The optimal dose of a sorption additive is 5–10 wt.% of the weight of Portland cement, which does not cause a significant decrease in the strength of the cement compound compared to a compound without the use of an additive and, at the same time, will provide a high level of 137Cs immobilization. The obtained research results indicate the prospects of using the developed aluminosilicate sorbents as a sorption additive for 137Cs immobilization when handling liquid radioactive waste.
{"title":"Analysis of the influence of the aluminosilicate sorbents on the immobilization of 137Cs in the cement compound and its mechanical strength","authors":"T. Leontieva, L. Maskalchuk, A. Baklay, N. A. Makovskaya","doi":"10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-1-76-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-1-76-88","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have been carried out to determine the main parameters characterizing the quality of cement compounds: 137Cs leaching rate and mechanical strength. As sorption additives, aluminosilicate sorbents were used, obtained from clay-salt slimes of JSC “Belaruskali” as a result of water and acid-water treatment to increase the content of the clay mineral illite, which is the main component in the composition of aluminosilicate sorbents. Model aqueous solutions of 137Cs were used as liquid radioactive waste, including those with a NaNO3 content of 150 g/dm . It has been established that the use of aluminosilicate sorbents makes it possible to reduce the rate of 137Cs leaching from cement compounds, which indicates a higher degree of 137Cs fixation in the matrix material compared to samples of cement compounds without sorption additives. The efficiency of the aluminosilicate sorbent for 137Cs immobilization during cementation of a model solution of liquid radioactive waste is 3 times higher than the well-known and widely used sorption additive (bentonite clay from the 10th Khutor deposit, Khakassia, Russia). Determination of the mechanical strength of samples of cement compounds with the addition of 5–15 % aluminosilicate sorbents showed that this indicator is 8–9 times higher than the standard value (4.9 MPa). The optimal dose of a sorption additive is 5–10 wt.% of the weight of Portland cement, which does not cause a significant decrease in the strength of the cement compound compared to a compound without the use of an additive and, at the same time, will provide a high level of 137Cs immobilization. The obtained research results indicate the prospects of using the developed aluminosilicate sorbents as a sorption additive for 137Cs immobilization when handling liquid radioactive waste.","PeriodicalId":516810,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：