Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1177/1478422x241238071
M. J. Shirshahi, Abraham Mansouri, Peyman Taheri, S. F. Chini
Cathodic protection as a complementary technique is widely considered in the industry along with the selection of suitable materials as well as efficient coating considerations. In cathodic protection (CP), anode produces a current output to protect the structure (cathode) and part of the current output is wasted by the grounding system. We developed a 3D, and time-dependent numerical model to simulate the anode corrosion (using arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method), find the deposit formation (by interface tracking level set method), anode mass loss and current wasted by the grounding system. We also defined a CP efficiency as anode mass loss times the current percentage received by the structure. The CP efficiency can be utilized for anode quantity and placement pattern. The results showed when the conductivity of corrosion products (deposit) is lower than that of soil, the current output from the anode decreases over time. When the deposit conductivity is higher than that of soil, the current output from the anode increases in time, reaches a peak, then decreases. This is due to the competition among three factors: anode surface increase, medium conductivity change, and inhibition effect of the deposition layer. For the studied case, almost 54% of the current from the anode is wasted by the grounding system. To illustrate the significance of CP efficiency, this study compares three alternative anode configurations with the original design. It is observed that for a 14.5 kg anode, burying the anodes 2 m deeper enhances the mean potential distribution on the structure by 4%. Additionally, the configuration featuring the 7.7 kg anode, owing to its superior dimensional design, demonstrates improved performance compared to other configurations.
{"title":"Corrosion deposition in deforming anodes of in-ground cathodic protection systems: A three-dimensional transient study","authors":"M. J. Shirshahi, Abraham Mansouri, Peyman Taheri, S. F. Chini","doi":"10.1177/1478422x241238071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1478422x241238071","url":null,"abstract":"Cathodic protection as a complementary technique is widely considered in the industry along with the selection of suitable materials as well as efficient coating considerations. In cathodic protection (CP), anode produces a current output to protect the structure (cathode) and part of the current output is wasted by the grounding system. We developed a 3D, and time-dependent numerical model to simulate the anode corrosion (using arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method), find the deposit formation (by interface tracking level set method), anode mass loss and current wasted by the grounding system. We also defined a CP efficiency as anode mass loss times the current percentage received by the structure. The CP efficiency can be utilized for anode quantity and placement pattern. The results showed when the conductivity of corrosion products (deposit) is lower than that of soil, the current output from the anode decreases over time. When the deposit conductivity is higher than that of soil, the current output from the anode increases in time, reaches a peak, then decreases. This is due to the competition among three factors: anode surface increase, medium conductivity change, and inhibition effect of the deposition layer. For the studied case, almost 54% of the current from the anode is wasted by the grounding system. To illustrate the significance of CP efficiency, this study compares three alternative anode configurations with the original design. It is observed that for a 14.5 kg anode, burying the anodes 2 m deeper enhances the mean potential distribution on the structure by 4%. Additionally, the configuration featuring the 7.7 kg anode, owing to its superior dimensional design, demonstrates improved performance compared to other configurations.","PeriodicalId":517061,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology: The International Journal of Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, corrosion behaviours accelerated by neutral salt spray were thoroughly investigated on copper–aluminium composites with 3 wt% concentration NaCl for 72 h under DC and AC current respectively. The similarities and differences of the corrosion mechanism of the copper–aluminium composite under the two kinds of current were analysed by weight loss analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electrochemical detection methods. It can be concluded that there are two opposing influences of the current on the corrosive effects, including acceleration by the impressed current and inhibition by the heating effect. Of these, the inhibition effect on corrosion is more obvious, as the thermal effect of DC current is greater under the same current value. It is worth noting that the directional migration of ions caused by DC current will affect the degree of corrosion and the composition of the corrosion products on the surfaces of both sides of the samples, which is a unique characteristic not seen with AC current.
本研究分别在直流电和交流电条件下，对铜铝复合材料在 3 wt% 浓度 NaCl 的中性盐雾作用下 72 小时的腐蚀行为进行了深入研究。通过失重分析、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱和电化学检测方法，分析了两种电流下铜铝复合材料腐蚀机理的异同。可以得出结论，电流对腐蚀效果有两种相反的影响，包括冲击电流的加速作用和加热效应的抑制作用。其中，直流电对腐蚀的抑制作用更为明显，因为在相同电流值下，直流电的热效应更大。值得注意的是，直流电造成的离子定向迁移会影响样品两侧表面的腐蚀程度和腐蚀产物的成分，这是交流电所不具备的独特特性。
{"title":"Comparative study on mechanism of DC and AC current on corrosion of copper–aluminium composites","authors":"Yulin Cheng, Yifan Zhang, Zhengyuan Li, Xinyue Tang, Xiaoguang Yuan","doi":"10.1177/1478422x241235804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1478422x241235804","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, corrosion behaviours accelerated by neutral salt spray were thoroughly investigated on copper–aluminium composites with 3 wt% concentration NaCl for 72 h under DC and AC current respectively. The similarities and differences of the corrosion mechanism of the copper–aluminium composite under the two kinds of current were analysed by weight loss analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electrochemical detection methods. It can be concluded that there are two opposing influences of the current on the corrosive effects, including acceleration by the impressed current and inhibition by the heating effect. Of these, the inhibition effect on corrosion is more obvious, as the thermal effect of DC current is greater under the same current value. It is worth noting that the directional migration of ions caused by DC current will affect the degree of corrosion and the composition of the corrosion products on the surfaces of both sides of the samples, which is a unique characteristic not seen with AC current.","PeriodicalId":517061,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology: The International Journal of Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1177/1478422x241236031
Hong Chen, Guixiang Chang, Jianmin Hao
This study investigates the impact of static tensile loads on magnesium (Mg) alloys with and without ceramic coatings in simulated body fluids (SBF) using a combination of numerical simulation and experimental methods. The surface of an AZ31B Mg alloy was treated with a ceramic coating via micro-arc oxidation (MAO). Subsequently, bare Mg-alloy and MAO ceramic-coated specimens were subjected to static tensile stress testing using a tensiometer. After immersion for 12 h in SBF, the surface morphology and electrochemical corrosion of the stressed specimens were analysed. Notably, under the same tensile stress, the Mg alloy in the SBF exhibited more severe corrosion damage than the ceramic-coated specimen. Furthermore, there was a direct correlation between the corrosion rate of the ceramic coating and the magnitude of the applied tensile stress. Overall, the MAO ceramic coating exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to the bare Mg alloy, even after undergoing static tensile stresses. The study demonstrates that MAO ceramic coatings can enhance the corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg implants by protecting them from the combined effects of bodily stresses and fluids.
{"title":"Stress corrosion crack propagation behaviour of MAO ceramic coating on Mg alloy","authors":"Hong Chen, Guixiang Chang, Jianmin Hao","doi":"10.1177/1478422x241236031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1478422x241236031","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of static tensile loads on magnesium (Mg) alloys with and without ceramic coatings in simulated body fluids (SBF) using a combination of numerical simulation and experimental methods. The surface of an AZ31B Mg alloy was treated with a ceramic coating via micro-arc oxidation (MAO). Subsequently, bare Mg-alloy and MAO ceramic-coated specimens were subjected to static tensile stress testing using a tensiometer. After immersion for 12 h in SBF, the surface morphology and electrochemical corrosion of the stressed specimens were analysed. Notably, under the same tensile stress, the Mg alloy in the SBF exhibited more severe corrosion damage than the ceramic-coated specimen. Furthermore, there was a direct correlation between the corrosion rate of the ceramic coating and the magnitude of the applied tensile stress. Overall, the MAO ceramic coating exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to the bare Mg alloy, even after undergoing static tensile stresses. The study demonstrates that MAO ceramic coatings can enhance the corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg implants by protecting them from the combined effects of bodily stresses and fluids.","PeriodicalId":517061,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology: The International Journal of Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-25DOI: 10.1177/1478422x241233075
Gonzalo Aurelio Mamani Quiñones, Roger Imata Condori, Diego Apaza-Apaza, E. A. Ariza, J. Quispe-Avilés
High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels find extensive usage in the oil industry for manufacturing pipes due to their requirement for materials with high mechanical and corrosion resistance. Among these steels, the HSLA X70 steels are particularly of great interest to the petroleum industry because of its high mechanical resistance, ductility and weldability. In this study, it was aimed to assess the corrosion behaviour of HSLA API X70 pipelines using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique and evaluate its resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). The analyses were conducted in non-sour and sour media, as per NACE TM0284 standard. Microstructural characterisations of polished and corroded samples were also conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). The results indicate that the resistance to HIC in API 5L X70 steel is compromised when exposed to surface corrosion in sour gas media. This susceptibility may be attributed to the presence of microconstituents MnS and M/A along the grain boundaries, which were found in the crack trajectory. The identified microstructural features are deemed to exert a significant influence on the propagation of cracks and the consequent susceptibility to HIC. Moreover, the EIS tests revealed the lowest corrosion resistance when exposed to H2S media, as MnS inclusions accelerate the active regions in the matrix, consequently leading to the formation of a plethora of corrosion products and the dissolution of iron.
高强度低合金（HSLA）钢在石油工业中被广泛用于制造管道，这是因为石油工业对材料的机械性能和耐腐蚀性有很高的要求。在这些钢材中，HSLA X70 钢因其较高的机械耐受性、延展性和可焊性，尤其受到石油工业的青睐。本研究旨在使用电化学阻抗光谱（EIS）技术评估 HSLA API X70 管道的腐蚀行为，并评估其抗氢致开裂（HIC）的能力。根据 NACE TM0284 标准，分析在非酸性和酸性介质中进行。此外，还使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和光学显微镜（OM）对抛光和腐蚀样品进行了微观结构特征分析。结果表明，API 5L X70 钢在酸性气体介质中受到表面腐蚀时，其抗 HIC 能力会受到影响。这种易损性可能是由于沿晶界存在微成分 MnS 和 M/A，并在裂纹轨迹中发现了这些微成分。已确定的微观结构特征被认为对裂纹的扩展以及由此产生的 HIC 易感性具有重要影响。此外，EIS 测试表明，当暴露在 H2S 介质中时，耐腐蚀性能最低，因为 MnS 包裹体加速了基体中的活性区域，从而导致形成大量腐蚀产物和铁的溶解。
{"title":"Evaluation of corrosion behaviour and susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cracking in high-strength low-alloy X70 steels under sour gas conditions","authors":"Gonzalo Aurelio Mamani Quiñones, Roger Imata Condori, Diego Apaza-Apaza, E. A. Ariza, J. Quispe-Avilés","doi":"10.1177/1478422x241233075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1478422x241233075","url":null,"abstract":"High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels find extensive usage in the oil industry for manufacturing pipes due to their requirement for materials with high mechanical and corrosion resistance. Among these steels, the HSLA X70 steels are particularly of great interest to the petroleum industry because of its high mechanical resistance, ductility and weldability. In this study, it was aimed to assess the corrosion behaviour of HSLA API X70 pipelines using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique and evaluate its resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). The analyses were conducted in non-sour and sour media, as per NACE TM0284 standard. Microstructural characterisations of polished and corroded samples were also conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). The results indicate that the resistance to HIC in API 5L X70 steel is compromised when exposed to surface corrosion in sour gas media. This susceptibility may be attributed to the presence of microconstituents MnS and M/A along the grain boundaries, which were found in the crack trajectory. The identified microstructural features are deemed to exert a significant influence on the propagation of cracks and the consequent susceptibility to HIC. Moreover, the EIS tests revealed the lowest corrosion resistance when exposed to H2S media, as MnS inclusions accelerate the active regions in the matrix, consequently leading to the formation of a plethora of corrosion products and the dissolution of iron.","PeriodicalId":517061,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology: The International Journal of Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140433177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nickel-based alloy Inconel 617 is a candidate material for advanced ultra-supercritical units. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of Inconel 617 under low-pressure superheated steam (0.1 MPa), high-pressure superheated steam (8 MPa) and supercritical water (25 MPa) at 650 °C was studied through slow strain rate tensile tests at strain rate of 5 × 10−7 s−1. The results indicate that Inconel 617 is susceptible to SCC in both superheated steam and supercritical water, with susceptibility increasing with pressure. In a nitrogen atmosphere, fractures were predominantly transgranular ductile. The fracture surface featured dimples and micropores. In three corrosive environments, both intergranular and transgranular fractures were observed. The rock sugar-like morphology becomes more and more obvious as the pressure increases. A large number of cracks perpendicular to the loading axis were found on gauge surface. The SCC mechanism for Inconel 617 in superheated steam and supercritical water conditions is internal oxidation.
{"title":"Effect of medium and pressure on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of a nickel-based alloy","authors":"Zhenyu Chen, Zhongliang Zhu, Ju Liu, Peihan Li, Zhangyang Chen, Tianyi Zhang, Naiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1177/1478422x241231658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1478422x241231658","url":null,"abstract":"Nickel-based alloy Inconel 617 is a candidate material for advanced ultra-supercritical units. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of Inconel 617 under low-pressure superheated steam (0.1 MPa), high-pressure superheated steam (8 MPa) and supercritical water (25 MPa) at 650 °C was studied through slow strain rate tensile tests at strain rate of 5 × 10−7 s−1. The results indicate that Inconel 617 is susceptible to SCC in both superheated steam and supercritical water, with susceptibility increasing with pressure. In a nitrogen atmosphere, fractures were predominantly transgranular ductile. The fracture surface featured dimples and micropores. In three corrosive environments, both intergranular and transgranular fractures were observed. The rock sugar-like morphology becomes more and more obvious as the pressure increases. A large number of cracks perpendicular to the loading axis were found on gauge surface. The SCC mechanism for Inconel 617 in superheated steam and supercritical water conditions is internal oxidation.","PeriodicalId":517061,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology: The International Journal of Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of hydrogen on the pitting susceptibility of 2205 duplex stainless steel welded joints was investigated using metallographic characterisation, electrochemical techniques and immersion experiments. The results show that the diffusible hydrogen content in the welded joints is approximately twice that of base material (BM). Hydrogen significantly decreases the pitting potential (Epit) of the welded joints, while increasing the carrier density in the passive film, suggesting that hydrogen weakens the protective properties of the passive film and increases the pitting susceptibility of the welded joints. According to immersion experiments, the pitting susceptibility of the welded joint from high to low is heat-affected zone (HAZ), BM and weld metal (WM), the HAZ tends to be more prone to the formation of larger and more stable pits, and the number of inclusions at the HAZ is significantly greater than that at the BM and WM. For BM under hydrogen charging, austenite phase is usually corroded first, because hydrogen tends to be enriched in the austenitic phase of BM. However, in some regions of WM, ferrite phase corroded first, which is related to the enrichment of hydrogen in the ferrite in the weld area.
{"title":"Effect of hydrogen on the pitting corrosion of 2205 duplex stainless steel welded joints","authors":"Qing Zheng, Houwei Zhang, Dengyun Wang, Lining Xu, Gang Li, Lijie Qiao","doi":"10.1177/1478422x241231661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1478422x241231661","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of hydrogen on the pitting susceptibility of 2205 duplex stainless steel welded joints was investigated using metallographic characterisation, electrochemical techniques and immersion experiments. The results show that the diffusible hydrogen content in the welded joints is approximately twice that of base material (BM). Hydrogen significantly decreases the pitting potential (Epit) of the welded joints, while increasing the carrier density in the passive film, suggesting that hydrogen weakens the protective properties of the passive film and increases the pitting susceptibility of the welded joints. According to immersion experiments, the pitting susceptibility of the welded joint from high to low is heat-affected zone (HAZ), BM and weld metal (WM), the HAZ tends to be more prone to the formation of larger and more stable pits, and the number of inclusions at the HAZ is significantly greater than that at the BM and WM. For BM under hydrogen charging, austenite phase is usually corroded first, because hydrogen tends to be enriched in the austenitic phase of BM. However, in some regions of WM, ferrite phase corroded first, which is related to the enrichment of hydrogen in the ferrite in the weld area.","PeriodicalId":517061,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology: The International Journal of Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control","volume":"159 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1177/1478422x241233074
Shuliang Wang, Zidan Wen, Shuai Zhang, M. Yao, Wanneng Lei, Ming-hua Wu, Yongbing Liu, Xiaoyan Zhang, Xianguang Zeng, Shidong Wang
This study investigates the corrosion state of the floating bead low-density cement stone/P110 steel system in simulated CO2-saturated formation water under high and atmospheric CO2 pressure. Results show that the resistance of the cement stone reaches a maximum value at 28 days and then decreases. The corrosion rate of P110 steel under high pressure is greater than that under atmospheric pressure. There is a certain gap and accumulation of corrosion products between the cement stone and the steel. Additionally, the maximum gap size and corrosion product thickness reach 27.5 and 67.69 μm, respectively. The composition of the corrosion products on the steel surface is mainly FeCO3, and the presence of the iron oxides are caused by oxidation. The corrosion products of the cement are also confirmed to be CaCO3 and a small amount of SiO2.
{"title":"Research on the corrosion behavior of floating bead low-density cement stone/P110 steel system under different CO2 pressure","authors":"Shuliang Wang, Zidan Wen, Shuai Zhang, M. Yao, Wanneng Lei, Ming-hua Wu, Yongbing Liu, Xiaoyan Zhang, Xianguang Zeng, Shidong Wang","doi":"10.1177/1478422x241233074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1478422x241233074","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the corrosion state of the floating bead low-density cement stone/P110 steel system in simulated CO2-saturated formation water under high and atmospheric CO2 pressure. Results show that the resistance of the cement stone reaches a maximum value at 28 days and then decreases. The corrosion rate of P110 steel under high pressure is greater than that under atmospheric pressure. There is a certain gap and accumulation of corrosion products between the cement stone and the steel. Additionally, the maximum gap size and corrosion product thickness reach 27.5 and 67.69 μm, respectively. The composition of the corrosion products on the steel surface is mainly FeCO3, and the presence of the iron oxides are caused by oxidation. The corrosion products of the cement are also confirmed to be CaCO3 and a small amount of SiO2.","PeriodicalId":517061,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology: The International Journal of Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control","volume":"222 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1177/1478422x241229621
Vivek Vasagar, Mohammad K. Hassan, Aboubakr M. Abdullah, Avinashkumar V. Karre, Beibei Chen, Kyoungtae Kim, N. Al-Qahtani, Tianxing Cai
Corrosion detection (CD) has become a high priority in chemical industries, defense and transportation sectors to extend the life of existing or new systems while ensuring the safety of the existing components and reducing downtime to minimise economic losses. Here, this article is aimed to review and discuss non-destructive techniques used widely in the industry to detect, monitor and repair corrosion problems early on. The comprehensive review provides a detailed discussion, a functional mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of crucial non-destructive CD techniques widely used in the industry, helping the reader choose the type of corrosion monitoring methods effectively. An extensive literature review of visual and optical testing techniques, acoustic emissions, eddy current, guided wave and equipment, infrared thermography, radiographic, microwave and millimeter wave, and terahertz imaging is discussed. The underlying mechanism, its merits and limitations, along with the usage scenario, is explained that can be related across different areas making it interdisciplinary research for corrosion monitoring techniques.
腐蚀检测（CD）已成为化学工业、国防和交通部门的重中之重，它可以延长现有系统或新系统的使用寿命，同时确保现有部件的安全，减少停机时间，从而将经济损失降至最低。本文旨在回顾和讨论业内广泛使用的非破坏性技术，以便及早发现、监测和修复腐蚀问题。这篇综述详细论述了行业内广泛使用的关键无损 CD 技术的功能机制和优缺点，帮助读者有效选择腐蚀监测方法的类型。大量文献综述了目视和光学测试技术、声发射、涡流、导波和设备、红外热成像、射线成像、微波和毫米波以及太赫兹成像。还解释了腐蚀监测技术的基本机理、优点和局限性以及使用场景，这些都与不同领域相关，使其成为腐蚀监测技术的跨学科研究。
{"title":"Non-destructive techniques for corrosion detection: A review","authors":"Vivek Vasagar, Mohammad K. Hassan, Aboubakr M. Abdullah, Avinashkumar V. Karre, Beibei Chen, Kyoungtae Kim, N. Al-Qahtani, Tianxing Cai","doi":"10.1177/1478422x241229621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1478422x241229621","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion detection (CD) has become a high priority in chemical industries, defense and transportation sectors to extend the life of existing or new systems while ensuring the safety of the existing components and reducing downtime to minimise economic losses. Here, this article is aimed to review and discuss non-destructive techniques used widely in the industry to detect, monitor and repair corrosion problems early on. The comprehensive review provides a detailed discussion, a functional mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of crucial non-destructive CD techniques widely used in the industry, helping the reader choose the type of corrosion monitoring methods effectively. An extensive literature review of visual and optical testing techniques, acoustic emissions, eddy current, guided wave and equipment, infrared thermography, radiographic, microwave and millimeter wave, and terahertz imaging is discussed. The underlying mechanism, its merits and limitations, along with the usage scenario, is explained that can be related across different areas making it interdisciplinary research for corrosion monitoring techniques.","PeriodicalId":517061,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology: The International Journal of Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139895726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1177/1478422x241227829
M. V. van Ede, U. Angst
The prediction and prevention of steel corrosion in engineering applications rely on the accurate understanding of kinetic parameters, such as the Tafel slopes and exchange current densities. These parameters show a large spread in literature. We investigated the dependency of these kinetic parameters on the measurement methodology for stainless and carbon steels, in a controlled rotating disk electrode setup with a near-neutral (pH 7.5) buffer solution. Consistent results were found for hydrogen evolution on stainless steel, with Tafel slopes of −0.13 to −0.15 V/dec and exchange current densities around 0.01–0.02 A/m2. The studied oxygen reduction kinetics showed the largest dependency on the measurement methodology, especially the potentiodynamic scan direction. Supported by active light reflectance spectroscopy, the large observed variations were attributed to the influence of an oxide film, which may overshadow the oxygen reduction at small over-potentials. The obtained variation gives insight on the accuracy of documented and measured values.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1177/1478422x231221061
Kexi Liao, Jihui Leng, Yongbo Yan, T. He, Xidi Lv, Xin Liu, Min Qin, Shuai Zhao, Y. F. Cheng
The corrosion in the aqueous environment of CO2–H2S–O2–SO2 is extremely severe, causing frequent failures of pipeline and posing a challenging issue for material selection. This paper drew on excellent standards and past experiences to provide a suitable method for selecting materials. The method consisted of four components: standard primary selection, corrosion evaluation selection, mechanical property selection, and economic final selection. A case study demonstrated that the applicable materials for the environment (total pressure of 1.5 MPa, temperature of 30–120 °C, H2S content of 0.1–1.5%, CO2 content of 8–55%, SO2 content of 0–0.00015% and O2 content of 1–3%) were composed of 2Cr13 or 316L. Additionally, the main control factors for corrosion rate were ranked as follows: O2 > H2S > temperature > CO2 > SO2. And a reduction in mechanical properties was observed for 2Cr13, 316L, and 825 after corrosion.
{"title":"A novel material selection method and application in an aqueous environment containing CO2, H2S, O2, and SO2","authors":"Kexi Liao, Jihui Leng, Yongbo Yan, T. He, Xidi Lv, Xin Liu, Min Qin, Shuai Zhao, Y. F. Cheng","doi":"10.1177/1478422x231221061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1478422x231221061","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion in the aqueous environment of CO2–H2S–O2–SO2 is extremely severe, causing frequent failures of pipeline and posing a challenging issue for material selection. This paper drew on excellent standards and past experiences to provide a suitable method for selecting materials. The method consisted of four components: standard primary selection, corrosion evaluation selection, mechanical property selection, and economic final selection. A case study demonstrated that the applicable materials for the environment (total pressure of 1.5 MPa, temperature of 30–120 °C, H2S content of 0.1–1.5%, CO2 content of 8–55%, SO2 content of 0–0.00015% and O2 content of 1–3%) were composed of 2Cr13 or 316L. Additionally, the main control factors for corrosion rate were ranked as follows: O2 > H2S > temperature > CO2 > SO2. And a reduction in mechanical properties was observed for 2Cr13, 316L, and 825 after corrosion.","PeriodicalId":517061,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology: The International Journal of Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140506588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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