In the current research, various nuclear properties energy spectrum, reduced electromagnetic transition probabilities, nuclear moments, and the distributions of both the nuclear charge and mass density as a function of radial distance from the nucleus center (r) were computed for90,92,94Sr isotopes' using the NuShellX@MSU code. The Skyrme (SLy4) potential was utilized to compute the zirconium isotopes' wave functions with mass numbers 90, 92, and 94. By employing the Gloeckner interaction and bare G-matrix, the computed results showed good agreement with the available experimental information on the aforementioned nuclear features of all the above isotopes. Additionally, the spins and parities of energy levels were confirmed and determined in accordance with certain empirical values. Furthermore an acceptable agreement for transition strengthsB(E2;2_1^+→0_1^+ ) for 90,92,94Sr , and the dipole magnetic moment of the ground state in the90Sr isotope, was observed with the available experimental values. In these calculations, new values were predicted for the above nuclear properties, which had not been previously determined experimentally. KEYWORDS: energy spectra; gloeckner interaction; model space; nuShellX code; skyrme potential; transition strengths
{"title":"Study of the Nuclear Structure Properties in Strontium (90,92,94Sr) Isotopes Using Nuclear Shell-model Calculations","authors":"F. Obeed, Ali Hasan","doi":"10.37575/b/sci/240008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/240008","url":null,"abstract":"In the current research, various nuclear properties energy spectrum, reduced electromagnetic transition probabilities, nuclear moments, and the distributions of both the nuclear charge and mass density as a function of radial distance from the nucleus center (r) were computed for90,92,94Sr isotopes' using the NuShellX@MSU code. The Skyrme (SLy4) potential was utilized to compute the zirconium isotopes' wave functions with mass numbers 90, 92, and 94. By employing the Gloeckner interaction and bare G-matrix, the computed results showed good agreement with the available experimental information on the aforementioned nuclear features of all the above isotopes. Additionally, the spins and parities of energy levels were confirmed and determined in accordance with certain empirical values. Furthermore an acceptable agreement for transition strengthsB(E2;2_1^+→0_1^+ ) for 90,92,94Sr , and the dipole magnetic moment of the ground state in the90Sr isotope, was observed with the available experimental values. In these calculations, new values were predicted for the above nuclear properties, which had not been previously determined experimentally.\u0000KEYWORDS:\u0000energy spectra; gloeckner interaction; model space; nuShellX code; skyrme potential; transition strengths","PeriodicalId":517170,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"51 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant extracts contain active substances that exhibit antibacterial effects. Our study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of alcoholic extracts (acetone, methanol, and ethanol) of strawberries and green tea against Enterococcus spp. We collected 30 samples from individuals suffering from urinary tract infections. Initially, we identified 8 (26%) isolates outwardly; subsequent confirmatory molecular diagnostics resulted in one isolate, registered at the National Center for Biotechnology Information as AsAw1, marking a global first. The strawberry extract exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on Enterococcus spp., with a zone of inhibition measuring 23 and 26 mm. Conversely, the green tea extract demonstrated a weaker inhibitory effect, with a zone of inhibition measuring 19 mm. These findings underscore the potential of ethanolic strawberry extract as a natural antibacterial agent against Enterococcus spp., offering insights for further research and potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by these bacteria. KEYWORDS acetone, catechin, flavonoids, gelatinase, hemolytic, vancomycin
{"title":"The Effect of Alcoholic Extracts of Strawberries and Green Tea on Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections","authors":"Aws Sulaiman, Saja Fadhil","doi":"10.37575/b/sci/240007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/240007","url":null,"abstract":"Plant extracts contain active substances that exhibit antibacterial effects. Our study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of alcoholic extracts (acetone, methanol, and ethanol) of strawberries and green tea against Enterococcus spp. We collected 30 samples from individuals suffering from urinary tract infections. Initially, we identified 8 (26%) isolates outwardly; subsequent confirmatory molecular diagnostics resulted in one isolate, registered at the National Center for Biotechnology Information as AsAw1, marking a global first. The strawberry extract exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on Enterococcus spp., with a zone of inhibition measuring 23 and 26 mm. Conversely, the green tea extract demonstrated a weaker inhibitory effect, with a zone of inhibition measuring 19 mm. These findings underscore the potential of ethanolic strawberry extract as a natural antibacterial agent against Enterococcus spp., offering insights for further research and potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by these bacteria.\u0000KEYWORDS\u0000acetone, catechin, flavonoids, gelatinase, hemolytic, vancomycin","PeriodicalId":517170,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to estimate the current and projected volume of virtual water trade, evaluate the water balance of dates in Saudi Arabia, and compare the cash return of a unit of water with its cost. Using the partial adjustment model, the most important results were that the water balance deficit in dates amounted to about 9.10 billion m3 during the study period (2000–2021). Based on the forecasting models used, date exports are expected to grow by about 21% annually during the period (2022–2030). By comparing the cash return of a unit of water used in the production of dates with the cost of its production, it was found that it represents 62% of the value of the cost of water used in the production of the unit. It was also found that non-Gulf Arab countries purchase about 45% of the Kingdom’s date exports with a cash return of approximately $0.20/m3 from virtual water. The cash return per unit of water in other countries is estimated to be $0.50 to $0.69/m3. Therefore, the study recommends reconsidering the export of dates and directing them toward high-yield markets to maximize the cash return of virtual water units. KEYWORDS water resources, cash return, water unit, water balance, partial adjustment, foreign trade
{"title":"Impact of Water Deficit and Virtual Water Trade on the Costs of Producing and Exporting Saudi Dates","authors":"Zainab Bin Quti, Fahad Alzahrani, Faleh Ameen1","doi":"10.37575/b/agr/240005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/agr/240005","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to estimate the current and projected volume of virtual water trade, evaluate the water balance of dates in Saudi Arabia, and compare the cash return of a unit of water with its cost. Using the partial adjustment model, the most important results were that the water balance deficit in dates amounted to about 9.10 billion m3 during the study period (2000–2021). Based on the forecasting models used, date exports are expected to grow by about 21% annually during the period (2022–2030). By comparing the cash return of a unit of water used in the production of dates with the cost of its production, it was found that it represents 62% of the value of the cost of water used in the production of the unit. It was also found that non-Gulf Arab countries purchase about 45% of the Kingdom’s date exports with a cash return of approximately $0.20/m3 from virtual water. The cash return per unit of water in other countries is estimated to be $0.50 to $0.69/m3. Therefore, the study recommends reconsidering the export of dates and directing them toward high-yield markets to maximize the cash return of virtual water units.\u0000KEYWORDS\u0000water resources, cash return, water unit, water balance, partial adjustment, foreign trade","PeriodicalId":517170,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"117 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to analyze the costs of broiler chicken production in the Fayoum governorate, and in particular the effects that the Russia–Ukraine war has had on production costs. The results indicate increased production costs due to the war and a decreased net return for the three production capacities and the sample average: the return index on invested dollars before the war was 0.71, 0.89, 1.0, and 0.87, respectively; however, this decreased after the war to 0.35, 0.53, 0.66, and 0.51, respectively. The war has led to an increase of 43.93% in the minimum price as the production costs have risen. The value of the price elasticity of supply was about 0.233 at the minimum price and 0.041 at the current price level. If the prevailing price increases by 10% to become $2.13 thousand per ton, the price elasticity of supply becomes about 0.037. The study recommends producing cheap, high-quality, non-traditional feed and focusing on small production capacities. It also suggests integrating and developing them to increase profits. KEYWORDS capacity savings, cost functions, economic efficiency, equivalence price, quantitative equivalence, supply function
{"title":"Factors affecting the costs of broiler chicken production in light of urgent international variables","authors":"Y. Alamri, Alaa Kotb, Alaa Abdelkawy","doi":"10.37575/b/agr/230085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/agr/230085","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to analyze the costs of broiler chicken production in the Fayoum governorate, and in particular the effects that the Russia–Ukraine war has had on production costs. The results indicate increased production costs due to the war and a decreased net return for the three production capacities and the sample average: the return index on invested dollars before the war was 0.71, 0.89, 1.0, and 0.87, respectively; however, this decreased after the war to 0.35, 0.53, 0.66, and 0.51, respectively. The war has led to an increase of 43.93% in the minimum price as the production costs have risen. The value of the price elasticity of supply was about 0.233 at the minimum price and 0.041 at the current price level. If the prevailing price increases by 10% to become $2.13 thousand per ton, the price elasticity of supply becomes about 0.037. The study recommends producing cheap, high-quality, non-traditional feed and focusing on small production capacities. It also suggests integrating and developing them to increase profits.\u0000KEYWORDS\u0000capacity savings, cost functions, economic efficiency, equivalence price, quantitative equivalence, supply function","PeriodicalId":517170,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"56 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm, designed to accommodate the dynamic nature of the system, provides an adaptive estimation of the state by incorporating both process and measurement noise considerations, thereby effectively reducing the noise and preserving the integrity of diagonal line drawings. The iterative prediction and update process employed by the algorithm aids in achieving smoother and more accurate position estimations. To assess the efficacy of the adaptive Kalman filtering approach, a comparative analysis was performed against a multistage filter. This filter employed a sequence of median filters with progressively increasing window sizes to eliminate outliers and artifacts while retaining the intricate details of the drawings. A comprehensive evaluation was performed via a detailed comparison of noise reduction performance and preservation of details between the two techniques. The experimental findings unequivocally established the superiority of the adaptive Kalman filtering approach in noise reduction and accuracy enhancement of the recorded positions. The proposed algorithm surpassed the multistage filter, demonstrating superior noise reduction capabilities while maintaining the desired level of detail in diagonal line drawings. The findings are expected to contribute to the advancement of state estimation techniques in dynamic systems, with a focus on augmenting accuracy and detail preservation. KEYWORDS dynamic system, impulse noise, measurement noise, multistage filter, outlier removal, position estimation
{"title":"Adaptive Kalman Filter: Noise Reduction in Diagonal Drawings on Stylus/Pen Touchscreens for Enhanced Precision","authors":"Summiya Parveen","doi":"10.37575/b/sci/230068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/230068","url":null,"abstract":"The adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm, designed to accommodate the dynamic nature of the system, provides an adaptive estimation of the state by incorporating both process and measurement noise considerations, thereby effectively reducing the noise and preserving the integrity of diagonal line drawings. The iterative prediction and update process employed by the algorithm aids in achieving smoother and more accurate position estimations. To assess the efficacy of the adaptive Kalman filtering approach, a comparative analysis was performed against a multistage filter. This filter employed a sequence of median filters with progressively increasing window sizes to eliminate outliers and artifacts while retaining the intricate details of the drawings. A comprehensive evaluation was performed via a detailed comparison of noise reduction performance and preservation of details between the two techniques. The experimental findings unequivocally established the superiority of the adaptive Kalman filtering approach in noise reduction and accuracy enhancement of the recorded positions. The proposed algorithm surpassed the multistage filter, demonstrating superior noise reduction capabilities while maintaining the desired level of detail in diagonal line drawings. The findings are expected to contribute to the advancement of state estimation techniques in dynamic systems, with a focus on augmenting accuracy and detail preservation.\u0000KEYWORDS\u0000dynamic system, impulse noise, measurement noise, multistage filter, outlier removal, position estimation","PeriodicalId":517170,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"94 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phosphate stones, such as struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate), brushite (calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate), and oxalates like whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate) are different kinds of urinary stones. Such kidney stones can be treated with herbs for natural healing and side effects-free results. These urinary crystals are traditionally created in the lab using the gel growth process and a silica gel medium at a specified pH. The inhibitory effects can be analysed by using the extracts of herbal plants. In the present study, ethanol extracts of leaves of Alternanthera sessilis, seeds of Cucurbita maxima and flowers of Aerva lanata are investigated for their inhibitory activity against the whewellite urinary crystals. They are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrum and their crystalline nature is examined through powder X-ray diffraction. Asymmetric and symmetric stretching unit of C=O in oxalate appears at 1620 cm-1 and 1400, 1310 cm-1 respectively. The monoclinic crystal system with a space group of P21/n is confirmed from the powder X-ray diffraction studies. The results indicated that among the three ethanol extracts, leaves of Alternanthera sessilis, seeds of Cucurbita maxima and flowers of Aerva lanata- the flowers of Aerva lanata exhibited inhibition towards whewellite crystals. KEYWORDS Extract, flowers, herbs, oxalates, pH, seeds
磷酸盐结石，如硬石（六水磷酸铵镁）、刷状石（二水磷酸氢钙），以及草酸盐，如麦饭石（一水草酸钙），是泌尿系统结石的不同种类。这类肾结石可以用草药治疗，达到自然治愈和无副作用的效果。传统上，这些尿结石是在实验室中利用凝胶生长过程和硅胶介质在特定的 pH 值下生成的。使用草药植物提取物可以分析其抑制作用。本研究调查了 Alternanthera sessilis 的叶子、Cucurbita maxima 的种子和 Aerva lanata 的花的乙醇提取物对麦饭石尿结晶的抑制活性。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱对它们进行了表征，并通过粉末 X 射线衍射检查了它们的结晶性质。草酸盐中 C=O 的不对称和对称伸展单元分别出现在 1620 cm-1 和 1400、1310 cm-1 处。粉末 X 射线衍射研究证实草酸盐为单斜晶系，空间群为 P21/n。结果表明，在 Alternanthera sessilis 的叶子、Cucurbita maxima 的种子和 Aerva lanata 的花这三种乙醇提取物中，Aerva lanata 的花对麦饭石晶体有抑制作用。
{"title":"Inhibitory Effect of Alternanthera Sessilis, Cucurbita Maxima and Aerva Lanata on Whewellite Urinary Crystals","authors":"M. A. Sabitha, Syed Mohamed","doi":"10.37575/b/agr/230065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/agr/230065","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphate stones, such as struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate), brushite (calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate), and oxalates like whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate) are different kinds of urinary stones. Such kidney stones can be treated with herbs for natural healing and side effects-free results. These urinary crystals are traditionally created in the lab using the gel growth process and a silica gel medium at a specified pH. The inhibitory effects can be analysed by using the extracts of herbal plants. In the present study, ethanol extracts of leaves of Alternanthera sessilis, seeds of Cucurbita maxima and flowers of Aerva lanata are investigated for their inhibitory activity against the whewellite urinary crystals. They are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrum and their crystalline nature is examined through powder X-ray diffraction. Asymmetric and symmetric stretching unit of C=O in oxalate appears at 1620 cm-1 and 1400, 1310 cm-1 respectively. The monoclinic crystal system with a space group of P21/n is confirmed from the powder X-ray diffraction studies. The results indicated that among the three ethanol extracts, leaves of Alternanthera sessilis, seeds of Cucurbita maxima and flowers of Aerva lanata- the flowers of Aerva lanata exhibited inhibition towards whewellite crystals.\u0000KEYWORDS\u0000Extract, flowers, herbs, oxalates, pH, seeds","PeriodicalId":517170,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"148 S290","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morphological analysis describes a word in isolation from the context, which is an important stage when trying to automatically understand and interpret the text. Many studies have provided morphological analyzers of Arabic verbs. However, although accurate, they do not deal with all cases of Arabic verbs. This research introduces an algorithm to analyze Arabic verbs morphologically based on regular expressions then on Morphological Database. The advantages of this algorithm are that it deals with verbs in their morphological cases, extracting their possible structures and some of their morphological data. This algorithm yielded highly accurate results after being tested on a sample of vocabulary and text. Furthermore, the extracted data is completely error-free. KEYWORDS language processing, match, pattern, regular expression, root, word structure
{"title":"An Algorithm to Analyze Arabic Verbs Morphologically","authors":"Nimet Kassad, Muhammad Shaheen","doi":"10.37575/b/cmp/230061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/cmp/230061","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological analysis describes a word in isolation from the context, which is an important stage when trying to automatically understand and interpret the text. Many studies have provided morphological analyzers of Arabic verbs. However, although accurate, they do not deal with all cases of Arabic verbs. This research introduces an algorithm to analyze Arabic verbs morphologically based on regular expressions then on Morphological Database. The advantages of this algorithm are that it deals with verbs in their morphological cases, extracting their possible structures and some of their morphological data. This algorithm yielded highly accurate results after being tested on a sample of vocabulary and text. Furthermore, the extracted data is completely error-free.\u0000KEYWORDS\u0000language processing, match, pattern, regular expression, root, word structure","PeriodicalId":517170,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139895564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, silica and silicon were prepared using glass waste. The preparation process consisted of several stages that started with the collection of crushed glass samples, treating them physically (grinding and granular sorting) and mixing granulated crushed glass with NaOH at ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. In a laboratory furnace, treatment at different temperatures (800, 900 and 1000 °C) was performed. Then, the sample was treated with diluted HCl (1:1) with heating to 60 °C to isolate the silica; after that, it was treated at 900 °C for 30 min to form SiO2 nanoparticles with a yield of 68% and a purity of up to 99.5%. The resulting silica (SiO2) was characterised by XRD and AFM techniques. Results from the two- and three-dimensional images captured by AFM showed the formation of silica nanotubes with a surface roughness (Ra) of 78 nm. Silicon nanoparticles were prepared from silica by mixing it with magnesium at a ratio of 1:2. The mixture was then treated at different temperatures (700, 750, 800 and 900 °C), treated with HCl, treated with HF to get rid of the secondary compounds and heated to 800 °C to obtain silicon with a yield of 90%. Analysis using XRD and AFM techniques proved the formation of silicon nanostructure with an Ra of 286 nm. KEYWORDS glass, industrial waste, magnesiothermic reduction, nanotechnology, silica, silicon
{"title":"Preparation of Nano-silica and Nano-silicone","authors":"Abdulrazzaq Hammal","doi":"10.37575/b/sci/230059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/230059","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, silica and silicon were prepared using glass waste. The preparation process consisted of several stages that started with the collection of crushed glass samples, treating them physically (grinding and granular sorting) and mixing granulated crushed glass with NaOH at ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. In a laboratory furnace, treatment at different temperatures (800, 900 and 1000 °C) was performed. Then, the sample was treated with diluted HCl (1:1) with heating to 60 °C to isolate the silica; after that, it was treated at 900 °C for 30 min to form SiO2 nanoparticles with a yield of 68% and a purity of up to 99.5%. The resulting silica (SiO2) was characterised by XRD and AFM techniques. Results from the two- and three-dimensional images captured by AFM showed the formation of silica nanotubes with a surface roughness (Ra) of 78 nm. Silicon nanoparticles were prepared from silica by mixing it with magnesium at a ratio of 1:2. The mixture was then treated at different temperatures (700, 750, 800 and 900 °C), treated with HCl, treated with HF to get rid of the secondary compounds and heated to 800 °C to obtain silicon with a yield of 90%. Analysis using XRD and AFM techniques proved the formation of silicon nanostructure with an Ra of 286 nm.\u0000KEYWORDS\u0000glass, industrial waste, magnesiothermic reduction, nanotechnology, silica, silicon","PeriodicalId":517170,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"67 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the issues that researchers may encounter in count data is having many zeros. One of the solutions to model these data is using zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression models. Recently, researchers have started to model longitudinal count data with time-dependent covariates. However, it has not been considered whether a model with time-dependent covariates provides a better fit than a model with time-independent covariates. In this paper, the fit between a mixed ZIP model with time-dependent covariates and a mixed ZIP model with time-independent covariates is compared using simulation. Using the deviance information criterion as a measure of fit, we found that the model with time-dependent covariates exhibits a better fit than the model with time-independent covariates. KEYWORDS correlated data, count data, excess zeros, longitudinal, mixed models, model fit
在计数数据中，研究人员可能会遇到的问题之一就是有很多零。对这些数据建模的解决方案之一是使用零膨胀泊松（ZIP）回归模型。最近，研究人员开始使用随时间变化的协变量对纵向计数数据建模。然而，与时间无关协变量模型相比，时间无关协变量模型是否能提供更好的拟合效果，这一点还没有被考虑过。本文通过模拟比较了具有时间依赖性协变量的混合 ZIP 模型和具有时间非依赖性协变量的混合 ZIP 模型之间的拟合效果。使用偏差信息标准作为拟合度量，我们发现，与时间无关的协变量模型相比，与时间无关的协变量模型具有更好的拟合度。 关键词：相关数据、计数数据、过量零、纵向、混合模型、模型拟合度
{"title":"Evaluating the Performance of Mixed Zero-Inflated Poisson Regression Models with Time-dependent and Time-independent Covariates","authors":"Gadir Alomair","doi":"10.37575/b/sci/230054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/230054","url":null,"abstract":"One of the issues that researchers may encounter in count data is having many zeros. One of the solutions to model these data is using zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression models. Recently, researchers have started to model longitudinal count data with time-dependent covariates. However, it has not been considered whether a model with time-dependent covariates provides a better fit than a model with time-independent covariates. In this paper, the fit between a mixed ZIP model with time-dependent covariates and a mixed ZIP model with time-independent covariates is compared using simulation. Using the deviance information criterion as a measure of fit, we found that the model with time-dependent covariates exhibits a better fit than the model with time-independent covariates.\u0000KEYWORDS\u0000correlated data, count data, excess zeros, longitudinal, mixed models, model fit","PeriodicalId":517170,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amjad Mhanna, Subhia Maya, Ali Ghassa, Abdallah Aladna, Zuheir Alshehabi
Parkinson's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder with both motor and non-motor symptoms. There is no clear etiology, and it has no cure. The non-motor features often precede the motor symptoms by many years, so they are considered prodromal symptoms of the disease. These symptoms include olfactory dysfunction, constipation, sleep problems, and depression. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on Parkinson's disease non-motor prodromal symptoms and their role from the early stages throughout the disease's development. The review discusses several aspects related to the prodromal features of Parkinson's disease: their prevalence in Parkinson's disease patients, the pathophysiology, the treatment, if it is possible, and the prodromal symptoms' effect on the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of the disease, in addition to their impact on patients' quality of life. More studies are required to precisely pinpoint the timing of non-motor prodromal symptoms onset and modify the diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease accordingly. KEYWORDS constipation, depression, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, hyposmia, olfactory dysfunction, sleep disturbances
{"title":"The Non-Motor Prodromal Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Review","authors":"Amjad Mhanna, Subhia Maya, Ali Ghassa, Abdallah Aladna, Zuheir Alshehabi","doi":"10.37575/b/med/230042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/med/230042","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder with both motor and non-motor symptoms. There is no clear etiology, and it has no cure. The non-motor features often precede the motor symptoms by many years, so they are considered prodromal symptoms of the disease. These symptoms include olfactory dysfunction, constipation, sleep problems, and depression. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on Parkinson's disease non-motor prodromal symptoms and their role from the early stages throughout the disease's development. The review discusses several aspects related to the prodromal features of Parkinson's disease: their prevalence in Parkinson's disease patients, the pathophysiology, the treatment, if it is possible, and the prodromal symptoms' effect on the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of the disease, in addition to their impact on patients' quality of life. More studies are required to precisely pinpoint the timing of non-motor prodromal symptoms onset and modify the diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease accordingly.\u0000KEYWORDS\u0000constipation, depression, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, hyposmia, olfactory dysfunction, sleep disturbances","PeriodicalId":517170,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140498893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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