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Master-Polka: Technology of Motivation for Reading and Development of Personal Potential 波尔卡大师:激发阅读动力和开发个人潜能的技术
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.20913/brm-1-1-5
T. Galaktionova, A. Azbel, Ya. V. Butkevich, M. A. Vanina
The article is devoted to the problem of finding pedagogical solutions for schoolchildren’s development of personal potential by introducing them to significant works of children’s and young adult literature. The relevance of the work lies in insufficient knowledge of reading activity as a factor in the development of modern student’s personal potential. The purpose of the article is to describe the possibilities of Master-polka: pedagogical technology as a tool for introducing schoolchildren to reading for the development of their personal potential. The authors share the results of a theoretical analysis of the problem and conclusions drawn from a pilot study of feedback from teachers participating in the Masterskie Rosta (Growth Workshops) project as well as their experience of using this technology in working with schoolchildren. The authors describe the principles of selecting books for the Master-polka; the examples of children’s and young adult literature, which schoolchildren have already been acquainted within the project. Particular attention is paid to the book quest as gaming and system – forming component of the technology. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of using the Master-polka technology by teachers, librarians, and teachers of additional education to solve a wide range of pedagogical problems related to the creation of educational situations focused on introducing schoolchildren to reading and developing their personal potential.
文章主要探讨了通过向学生介绍重要的儿童文学和青少年文学作品,为学生个人潜能开发寻找教学解决方案的问题。这项工作的现实意义在于对阅读活动作为现代学生个人潜能开发因素的认识不足。文章的目的是描述 "Master-polka "的可能性:将教学技术作为向学童介绍阅读以开发其个人潜能的工具。作者分享了对问题进行理论分析的结果、对参与 "Masterskie Rosta"(成长讲习班)项目的教师的反馈意见进行试点研究得出的结论,以及他们在与学童合作中使用这一技术的经验。作者介绍了为 "Master-polka "选书的原则;儿童文学和青少年文学的范例,学生们已经在项目中熟悉了这些范例。作者特别关注了图书探索作为游戏和系统技术的组成部分。这项研究的实际意义在于,教师、图书馆员和补充教育教师可以利用 Master-polka 技术解决与创造教育情境有关的各种教学问题,这些情境的重点是向学童介绍阅读方法和开发他们的个人潜能。
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引用次数: 0
The Literacy We Teach Today 我们今天教授的扫盲
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.20913/brm-1-1-6
A. van der Weel
The article discusses the issues of text culture transformation, literacy and reading. The purpose of the article is to explore the modern interpretation of the concept of "literacy" and determine its place in creating the shape of tomorrow’s world. The author analyzes the changes in the culture of reading and literacy education that resulted from the introduction of massive educational reforms in Western Europe. The author reminds us that literacy and our reading culture are not givens but that they constantly evolve under the influence of new text technologies. The author tries to comprehend the consequences of the current digital media revolution for intellectual development and the future structure of society; to identify new features that reading and literacy have acquired in modern culture. Besides, considerable attention is paid to the place of text in the digital age. The author concludes that the parallel presence of all mediums on the same screen suddenly showed the real place of text in people’s affections. Being cognitively more demanding, text clearly takes second position to auditory and visual media for entertainment and as a vehicle of cultural experience. Meanwhile the social use of text in the meantime is a different matter: text is still very important in social media – although in an ever more rudimentary form. Author concludes that none of the new mediums were ever regarded as a serious threat to books and other text forms. Reading and writing had as it were simply “got their first”. Books could pride themselves on a centuriesold tradition, and when film, radio and television came along, all subjects had already been properly described in (text-) books. The author highlights that the “screen effect” leading to the demotion of such more demanding forms of reading clearly shows once again the contingent nature of literacy. What follows is a plea to give back to literacy its original aura as a major intellectual achievement: a means to shape future minds, and thus the society in which our children will live. Based on previous research, the author draws our attention to the fact that digital media revolution is already having the effect of devaluing reading as a cultural technique. It has been generally accepted that schools should include “digital literacy” in the curriculum - even though there is little agreement what position it should take (purely practically and philosophically). In conclusion, the author emphasizes that the future of the literacy project still comes down to overcoming the social and digital divide.
文章讨论了文本文化转型、识字和阅读等问题。文章旨在探讨 "识字 "这一概念的现代诠释,并确定其在创造未来世界形态中的地位。作者分析了西欧推行大规模教育改革所带来的阅读文化和扫盲教育的变化。作者提醒我们,识字和我们的阅读文化不是必然的,而是在新文本技术的影响下不断演变的。作者试图理解当前的数字媒体革命对智力发展和未来社会结构的影响;确定阅读和识字在现代文化中获得的新特征。此外,作者还相当关注文本在数字时代的地位。作者的结论是,所有媒介在同一屏幕上的并行存在突然显示了文本在人们情感中的真正地位。由于文字对认知的要求更高,因此在娱乐和文化体验方面,文字的地位显然仅次于听觉和视觉媒体。与此同时,文字在社交中的使用则是另一回事:文字在社交媒体中仍然非常重要--尽管其形式越来越原始。作者总结说,没有任何一种新媒体被视为对书籍和其他文本形式的严重威胁。阅读和写作只不过是 "占了先机"。书籍可以以其数百年的传统而自豪,而当电影、广播和电视出现时,所有的主题都已经在(文字)书籍中得到了恰当的描述。作者强调说,"屏幕效应 "导致这些要求更高的阅读形式降级,这再次清楚地表明了识字的偶然性。接下来,作者呼吁还扫盲以最初作为一项重要智力成就的光环:一种塑造未来心智的手段,从而塑造我们的孩子将生活的社会。根据以往的研究,作者提请我们注意,数字媒体革命已经产生了贬低阅读作为一种文化技术的效果。人们普遍认为,学校应将 "数字扫盲 "纳入课程--尽管人们对 "数字扫盲 "应采取何种立场(纯粹从实践和哲学角度)几乎没有共识。最后,作者强调,扫盲项目的未来仍然取决于能否克服社会和数字鸿沟。
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引用次数: 0
IV International Scientific and Practical Conference “Homo Legens in the Past and the Present” 第四届 "过去和现在的智人 "国际科学与实践会议
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.20913/brm-1-1-8
S. V. Kozlov
The article is devoted to the IV International scientific and practical conference "Homo legens in the past and the present" held in Novosibirsk and Nizhny Tagil on March 23-25, 2023 in hybrid format. The author aims to provide a general overview of events held within the framework of the scientific forum and to characterize the speeches of researchers, teachers, librarians and students, who took part in it. The relevance of the described event is related to the changes that reading practices are undergoing during the explosive spread of screen culture. The outflow of readers from libraries and the decline in print editions led to the interest of specialists in such problems as forms of reading support, the interaction between reader and book in the library space, issues related to the book design. This review can be beneficial for both to theorists and practitioners working in the field of book and library business as well as for specialists engaged in serving readers and popularizing reading.
文章主要介绍了2023年3月23日至25日在新西伯利亚和下塔吉尔举行的第四届 "古今智人 "国际科学实践会议。作者的目的是概述在科学论坛框架内举行的活动,并介绍参加论坛的研究人员、教师、图书馆员和学生的发言特点。所述活动的相关性与屏幕文化爆炸性传播期间阅读方式正在发生的变化有关。图书馆读者的外流和印刷版本的减少引起了专家们对阅读支持形式、图书馆空间中读者与图书之间的互动、图书设计相关问题等问题的兴趣。这篇评论对图书和图书馆业务领域的理论家和实践者,以及从事读者服务和阅读普及工作的专家都大有裨益。
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引用次数: 0
Russian Readers and Their Environment 俄罗斯读者及其环境
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.20913/brm-1-1-7
N. A. Rubakin
The article by Nikolai A. Rubakin (1862–1946) was first published in the journal Bulletin of Knowledge in 1905. This is a reworking of a lecture given him in Penza. The author argues the relevance of the chosen topic and its practical interest. He believes that the history of reading is the history of public thought, criticism, creativity, attitudes to various cultural demands and innovations of the early 20th century. According to N. A. Rubakin the reader is one of the main figures of society. The author gives quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Russian reader based on correspondence with readers, information from periodicals, statistics and other sources.
尼古拉-鲁巴金(1862-1946 年)的这篇文章于 1905 年首次发表在《知识通报》杂志上。这是他在奔萨的一次演讲的再创作。作者论证了所选主题的相关性及其实际意义。他认为,阅读史就是 20 世纪初公众的思想史、批评史、创造史、对各种文化需求和创新的态度史。N. A. Rubakin 认为,读者是社会的主要人物之一。作者根据与读者的通信、期刊信息、统计数据和其他来源,给出了俄罗斯读者的数量和质量特征。
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引用次数: 0
Master-Polka: Technology of Motivation for Reading and Development of Personal Potential 波尔卡大师:激发阅读动力和开发个人潜能的技术
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.20913/brm-1-1-5
T. Galaktionova, A. Azbel, Ya. V. Butkevich, M. A. Vanina
The article is devoted to the problem of finding pedagogical solutions for schoolchildren’s development of personal potential by introducing them to significant works of children’s and young adult literature. The relevance of the work lies in insufficient knowledge of reading activity as a factor in the development of modern student’s personal potential. The purpose of the article is to describe the possibilities of Master-polka: pedagogical technology as a tool for introducing schoolchildren to reading for the development of their personal potential. The authors share the results of a theoretical analysis of the problem and conclusions drawn from a pilot study of feedback from teachers participating in the Masterskie Rosta (Growth Workshops) project as well as their experience of using this technology in working with schoolchildren. The authors describe the principles of selecting books for the Master-polka; the examples of children’s and young adult literature, which schoolchildren have already been acquainted within the project. Particular attention is paid to the book quest as gaming and system – forming component of the technology. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of using the Master-polka technology by teachers, librarians, and teachers of additional education to solve a wide range of pedagogical problems related to the creation of educational situations focused on introducing schoolchildren to reading and developing their personal potential.
文章主要探讨了通过向学生介绍重要的儿童文学和青少年文学作品,为学生个人潜能开发寻找教学解决方案的问题。这项工作的现实意义在于对阅读活动作为现代学生个人潜能开发因素的认识不足。文章的目的是描述 "Master-polka "的可能性:将教学技术作为向学童介绍阅读以开发其个人潜能的工具。作者分享了对问题进行理论分析的结果、对参与 "Masterskie Rosta"(成长讲习班)项目的教师的反馈意见进行试点研究得出的结论,以及他们在与学童合作中使用这一技术的经验。作者介绍了为 "Master-polka "选书的原则;儿童文学和青少年文学的范例,学生们已经在项目中熟悉了这些范例。作者特别关注了图书探索作为游戏和系统技术的组成部分。这项研究的实际意义在于,教师、图书馆员和补充教育教师可以利用 Master-polka 技术解决与创造教育情境有关的各种教学问题,这些情境的重点是向学童介绍阅读方法和开发他们的个人潜能。
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引用次数: 0
Linguocognitive Approach to Text Analysis 文本分析的语言认知方法
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.20913/brm-1-1-3
E. Budaev
Cognitive sciences were officially included in the nomenclature of scientific specialties in Russia in 2021. However, the issue of the subject and method of cognitive science in general and its projection on text analysis in particular remains little known to the general scientific community. Linguistic text analysis has gone through several stages of evolution. Each of them accumulates the critical aspects highlighting the necessity to search for new approaches. There are three such approaches in linguistics: structural, communicative, cognitive. The structural paradigm made it possible to solve scientific problems using the example of simple language units. However, it was experiencing serious difficulties in studying complex emergent phenomena, to which the text belongs. Some of these difficulties were leveled by including a communicative approach in the linguist’s methodological baggage. At the same time, a significant layer of factors influencing on the meaning generation of the text remained outside the scope of the research focus. As a result, the linguocognitive approach to text analysis was formed in linguistics. This made it possible to include not only linguistic structures, but also the widest range of mental structures (concepts, frames and slots, prototypes, categories, conceptual oppositions, gestalts, mental spaces and models, conceptual metaphors, precedent phenomena, semantic networks) and cognitive operations (conceptualization, categorization, inference, causal attribution, conceptual projections, blending) in the analysis. Thus, the linguocognitive approach to text analysis increases the heuristics of scientific research due to it is aimed at studying of semantic processes as mental processes.
2021 年,认知科学被正式列入俄罗斯科学专业名称。然而,一般科学界对认知科学的主题和方法问题,特别是认知科学对文本分析的影响仍然知之甚少。语言文本分析经历了几个演变阶段。每个阶段都积累了一些关键问题,突出了寻找新方法的必要性。语言学中有三种方法:结构方法、交际方法和认知方法。结构范式可以利用简单的语言单位来解决科学问题。然而,它在研究复杂的新兴现象(文本就属于这种现象)时遇到了严重困难。将交际方法纳入语言学家的方法论包袱后,其中的一些困难得到了解决。与此同时,影响文本意义生成的重要因素仍未纳入研究范围。因此,语言学中形成了文本分析的语言认知方法。这使得分析中不仅包括语言结构,还包括最广泛的心理结构(概念、框架和槽口、原型、类别、概念对立、态势、心理空间和模型、概念隐喻、先例现象、语义网络)和认知操作(概念化、分类、推理、因果归因、概念投射、混合)。因此,文本分析的语言认知方法增加了科学研究的启发式方法,因为它旨在研究作为心理过程的语义过程。
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引用次数: 0
IV International Scientific and Practical Conference “Homo Legens in the Past and the Present” 第四届 "过去和现在的智人 "国际科学与实践会议
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.20913/brm-1-1-8
S. V. Kozlov
The article is devoted to the IV International scientific and practical conference "Homo legens in the past and the present" held in Novosibirsk and Nizhny Tagil on March 23-25, 2023 in hybrid format. The author aims to provide a general overview of events held within the framework of the scientific forum and to characterize the speeches of researchers, teachers, librarians and students, who took part in it. The relevance of the described event is related to the changes that reading practices are undergoing during the explosive spread of screen culture. The outflow of readers from libraries and the decline in print editions led to the interest of specialists in such problems as forms of reading support, the interaction between reader and book in the library space, issues related to the book design. This review can be beneficial for both to theorists and practitioners working in the field of book and library business as well as for specialists engaged in serving readers and popularizing reading.
文章主要介绍了2023年3月23日至25日在新西伯利亚和下塔吉尔举行的第四届 "古今智人 "国际科学实践会议。作者的目的是概述在科学论坛框架内举行的活动,并介绍参加论坛的研究人员、教师、图书馆员和学生的发言特点。所述活动的相关性与屏幕文化爆炸性传播期间阅读方式正在发生的变化有关。图书馆读者的外流和印刷版本的减少引起了专家们对阅读支持形式、图书馆空间中读者与图书之间的互动、图书设计相关问题等问题的兴趣。这篇评论对图书和图书馆业务领域的理论家和实践者,以及从事读者服务和阅读普及工作的专家都大有裨益。
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引用次数: 0
Reading as Media Consumption: Modern Russian Features 作为媒体消费的阅读:现代俄罗斯特色
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.20913/brm-1-1-4
V. Belenko
In recent years, the processes of media consumption have exposed a significant transformation. The place of reading in its structure also has changed. The article discusses the similarities between reading books and magazines as a process itself and sociocultural practice. The author suggests that book, magazine and news media consumption is in a relationship of mutual support and mutual influence. The author argues that the habit of such "long" reading is being influenced by crisis phenomena in the periodical segment: a sharp decline in readership, a decline in print circulation and difficulty in accessing. In recent years, the focus on electronic formats of publications has been the main direction in the transformation of reader practices. If e-books are considered as the same "long” reading practice, the similarity with media consumption practices on the Internet, especially in social networks, is doubtful. Despite the fact that in the Internet and social networks the audience also "reads", the intellectual ethic of consuming quick unrelated pieces of information from a variety of sources is changing this sociocultural practice itself. Soon, book reading, quite possibly, will depend on the accumulated practices of Internet surfing, Internet reading and the ability of people to deal with long texts.
近年来,媒体消费过程发生了重大转变。阅读在其结构中的地位也发生了变化。文章讨论了阅读书籍和杂志作为一种过程本身与社会文化实践之间的相似性。作者认为,书籍、杂志和新闻媒体的消费是一种相互支持、相互影响的关系。作者认为,这种 "长时间 "阅读的习惯正受到期刊领域危机现象的影响:读者数量急剧下降、印刷品发行量减少以及获取困难。近年来,对电子版出版物的关注成为读者习惯转变的主要方向。如果将电子书视为同样的 "长篇 "阅读实践,那么它与互联网上的媒体消费实践,尤其是社交网络上的媒体消费实践的相似性就值得怀疑了。尽管在互联网和社交网络中受众也 "阅读",但从各种来源快速消费无关信息的知识伦理正在改变这种社会文化实践本身。不久的将来,图书阅读很可能将依赖于上网冲浪、网络阅读以及人们处理长篇文本的能力等实践的积累。
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引用次数: 0
The Changing Appearance of the Reading Human 读书人不断变化的外表
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.20913/brm-1-1-9
V. V. Yalysheva
Чудинова В. П. Развитие «наций читателей» в разных странах мира: исследования, стратегии, проекты, практики / В. П. Чудинова. Москва : РШБА, 2022. 360 с. (Профессиональная библиотека школьного библиотекаря) (Приложение к журналу «Школьная библиотека». Сер. 1; вып. 2).
世界各国 "读者之国 "的发展 : 研究、战略、项目、实践 / V. P. Chudinova.Moscow : RSHBA, 2022.360 с.(学校图书馆员的专业图书馆》(《学校图书馆》杂志增刊。第 1 辑;第 2 卷).
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引用次数: 0
Mediatization as a Transformation of Management Practices in Media Industry 媒体化是传媒业管理实践的变革
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.20913/brm-1-1-2
V. Kolomiets
The article implements the idea of mediatization as a process of transformation of mass communication industry. Nowadays, the current system of mass communication is under the pressure of digital transit, which is transgressive in nature. It breaks traditional business patterns; requires business administration to make mental changes in thinking and management practices; creates the highest level of tension among media managers. The article attempts to conceptualize (through the analysis of industrial ‘points of tension’: between television and online video – players of the cross-media measurement) some aspects of the digital transformation of the media industry and industrial management practices. The conflict between the digital environment generated by the relatively free development of the Internet and the purposefully organized and institutionalized state-controlled media lies at the core of this transformation.
文章将媒介化作为大众传播行业的转型过程这一理念付诸实施。如今,当前的大众传播体系正面临着数字化转型的压力,而数字化转型具有跨时代的性质。它打破了传统的商业模式,要求商业管理部门在思维和管理实践上做出精神上的改变,并在媒体管理者之间制造了最高级别的紧张关系。本文试图(通过分析产业 "紧张点":电视和在线视频--跨媒体测量的参与者--之间的紧张点)将媒体产业的数字化转型和产业管理实践的某些方面概念化。互联网相对自由的发展所产生的数字环境与有目的、有组织、制度化的国家控制媒体之间的冲突是这一转型的核心所在。
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引用次数: 0
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Book. Reading. Media
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