Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_138
S. Mudrova, V. Bolonkin, A. E. Davydov
The authors analyze pricing in the residential real estate market in Moscow and St. Petersburg – the largest cities of the Russian Federation in the article. The issue of the cost of residential real estate is one of the most important for the residents of Russian megapolises. Megapolicies are the largest centers of migration, both from other regions and from other countries. The population of such cities is expanding at a significant rate, and the construction industry is increasing the rate of creation of new real estate objects. Under such conditions, it is crucial to realize the dependence of real estate value and key externalities.Within the framework of the study, the authors rely on the works in the field of real estate valuation and statistical methodology. The group of authors puts forward statistical hypotheses about the impact of some factors, in particular the level of cumulative inflation, the key rate set by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the average level of wages in the region and the weighted average rate on mortgage loans to citizens on the formation of the weighted average cost per square meter of housing in Russian cities.The statistical method of factor analysis is used to assess the significance of each of the factor variables on the resulting parameter. Regression modeling allows estimating the degree of impact of significant factors on the cost per square meter of residential real estate. The models allow to assess the trends of changes in the cost of real estate on the primary and secondary residential real estate markets in Russian megacities, as well as provide an opportunity to consider the differentiation in the impact of each factor between different types of markets in different cities.The results of the study may be useful in building industry forecasts and developing government measures to support residential construction.
{"title":"IMPACT OF SOME FACTORS ON PRICING IN THE REAL ESTATE MARKET OF RUSSIAN MEGACITIES","authors":"S. Mudrova, V. Bolonkin, A. E. Davydov","doi":"10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_138","url":null,"abstract":"The authors analyze pricing in the residential real estate market in Moscow and St. Petersburg – the largest cities of the Russian Federation in the article. The issue of the cost of residential real estate is one of the most important for the residents of Russian megapolises. Megapolicies are the largest centers of migration, both from other regions and from other countries. The population of such cities is expanding at a significant rate, and the construction industry is increasing the rate of creation of new real estate objects. Under such conditions, it is crucial to realize the dependence of real estate value and key externalities.Within the framework of the study, the authors rely on the works in the field of real estate valuation and statistical methodology. The group of authors puts forward statistical hypotheses about the impact of some factors, in particular the level of cumulative inflation, the key rate set by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the average level of wages in the region and the weighted average rate on mortgage loans to citizens on the formation of the weighted average cost per square meter of housing in Russian cities.The statistical method of factor analysis is used to assess the significance of each of the factor variables on the resulting parameter. Regression modeling allows estimating the degree of impact of significant factors on the cost per square meter of residential real estate. The models allow to assess the trends of changes in the cost of real estate on the primary and secondary residential real estate markets in Russian megacities, as well as provide an opportunity to consider the differentiation in the impact of each factor between different types of markets in different cities.The results of the study may be useful in building industry forecasts and developing government measures to support residential construction.","PeriodicalId":517339,"journal":{"name":"Geoeconomics of Energetics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_106
A. G. Simonov
The article presents preliminary results of a comprehensive interrelation study of the global competitiveness of the world economy actors with their energy systems and specialization. The article structure is logically split into three parts. The first one presents an attempt of evaluating energy dependence of the largest nations and its dynamics. The author proposes hypotheses regarding origins of different national roles on the world energy market and prospects of their development. The second part is dedicated to researching the nature of economic growth in the first quarter of XXI century and its interconnection with industrial development and specialization on particular goods, including fuel products and energy-intensive manufactures. In the third part the article explores international merchandise trade landscape by merchandise chapters (HS2) and in particular cases by headings (HS4). Finally, the author makes a conclusion and offers prognostic points in terms of the most significant merchandise items as well as in terms of world economy actors.
{"title":"ENERGY (IN)DEPENDENCE AND NATIONAL SPECIALIZATION AS A FACTOR OF GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS","authors":"A. G. Simonov","doi":"10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_106","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents preliminary results of a comprehensive interrelation study of the global competitiveness of the world economy actors with their energy systems and specialization. The article structure is logically split into three parts. The first one presents an attempt of evaluating energy dependence of the largest nations and its dynamics. The author proposes hypotheses regarding origins of different national roles on the world energy market and prospects of their development. The second part is dedicated to researching the nature of economic growth in the first quarter of XXI century and its interconnection with industrial development and specialization on particular goods, including fuel products and energy-intensive manufactures. In the third part the article explores international merchandise trade landscape by merchandise chapters (HS2) and in particular cases by headings (HS4). Finally, the author makes a conclusion and offers prognostic points in terms of the most significant merchandise items as well as in terms of world economy actors.","PeriodicalId":517339,"journal":{"name":"Geoeconomics of Energetics","volume":"12 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_6
A. Grozin
The article analyzes the prerequisites and main directions of India’s possible actions to expand its influence in the Central Asian region. The author assesses the importance of transport and energy projects in Central Eurasia for India, as one of the key consumers of energy resources from Russia and Central Asian states. Another spotlight of this research is the strategy for expansion of Indian-Uzbek cooperation as the most promising support base for the implementation of India’s geopolitical and geo-economic interests in the region.The ongoing and deepening global geoeconomic and geopolitical transformations are creating a wide field of opportunities for restructuring of the continental energy and transport systems. In these conditions, the Indian leadership is required to take active steps in implementing its foreign policy so as not to remain on the sidelines of large-scale projects for the development of key areas of the continent, including the resource and transit potential of Russia and Central Asia.
{"title":"INDIA AND THE CENTRAL ASIAN FACTOR OF EURASIA’S ENERGY AND TRANSPORT SECTOR RESTRUCTURING","authors":"A. Grozin","doi":"10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_6","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the prerequisites and main directions of India’s possible actions to expand its influence in the Central Asian region. The author assesses the importance of transport and energy projects in Central Eurasia for India, as one of the key consumers of energy resources from Russia and Central Asian states. Another spotlight of this research is the strategy for expansion of Indian-Uzbek cooperation as the most promising support base for the implementation of India’s geopolitical and geo-economic interests in the region.The ongoing and deepening global geoeconomic and geopolitical transformations are creating a wide field of opportunities for restructuring of the continental energy and transport systems. In these conditions, the Indian leadership is required to take active steps in implementing its foreign policy so as not to remain on the sidelines of large-scale projects for the development of key areas of the continent, including the resource and transit potential of Russia and Central Asia.","PeriodicalId":517339,"journal":{"name":"Geoeconomics of Energetics","volume":"69 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_52
P. M. Sugonyaev
The Federal Republic of Germany has cooperated successfully for many decades, first with the Soviet Union and then with Russia in the energy sector. As a result of this cooperation, serious infrastructure projects have been carried out, connecting both countries with gas and oil pipelines, and the volume of raw materials supplied has also been significant until recently. Both sides benefited from this cooperation, until the Federal Republic of Germany took part in the confrontation with Russia in 2014, and after the start of the special military operation in 2022 it cut off all contacts with our country in this sphere. This article will examine the evolution of the energy policy of the Federal Republic of Germany since its foundation, its main features and characteristics, the volume of cooperation with Russia. In addition, the doctrinal foundations of the modern energy policy of Germany will be studied by analyzing the official documents of this state. The authors used domestic and foreign scientific works and articles, texts of official documents of the Federal Republic of Germany, as well as materials of periodicals on the selected topic. In the course of analyzing the evolution of the energy policy of the Germany, the following conclusions were made: it changed under the influence of scientific technical development, it flexibly responded to emerging challenges, and it was based on pragmatism. However, an analysis of current doctrinal guidelines has shown that Germany is not sovereign in the implementation of its foreign and energy policy, ideology has taken the place of pragmatism, the controversial energy transition policy will be continued under the current coalition government, and its model will even be offered for export.
{"title":"DOCTRINAL BASIS OF ENERGY POLICY OF MODERN GERMANY","authors":"P. M. Sugonyaev","doi":"10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_52","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Republic of Germany has cooperated successfully for many decades, first with the Soviet Union and then with Russia in the energy sector. As a result of this cooperation, serious infrastructure projects have been carried out, connecting both countries with gas and oil pipelines, and the volume of raw materials supplied has also been significant until recently. Both sides benefited from this cooperation, until the Federal Republic of Germany took part in the confrontation with Russia in 2014, and after the start of the special military operation in 2022 it cut off all contacts with our country in this sphere. This article will examine the evolution of the energy policy of the Federal Republic of Germany since its foundation, its main features and characteristics, the volume of cooperation with Russia. In addition, the doctrinal foundations of the modern energy policy of Germany will be studied by analyzing the official documents of this state. The authors used domestic and foreign scientific works and articles, texts of official documents of the Federal Republic of Germany, as well as materials of periodicals on the selected topic. In the course of analyzing the evolution of the energy policy of the Germany, the following conclusions were made: it changed under the influence of scientific technical development, it flexibly responded to emerging challenges, and it was based on pragmatism. However, an analysis of current doctrinal guidelines has shown that Germany is not sovereign in the implementation of its foreign and energy policy, ideology has taken the place of pragmatism, the controversial energy transition policy will be continued under the current coalition government, and its model will even be offered for export.","PeriodicalId":517339,"journal":{"name":"Geoeconomics of Energetics","volume":"6 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_157
L. A. Lalayan
The article examines the export potential of Kyrgyzstan in the agro-industrial complex. The unique geographical location of the country and eco-friendly agriculture contribute to the cultivation of fruits with a large amount of useful micronutrients. In such conditions, Kyrgyz products receive certificates of compliance with international standards. Financial and non-financial export support measures by the Government of the country and the EAEU help farmers to promote their products on international markets.In turn, in the UAE one can observe an increase in the popularity of organic products, including dried fruits. Customs agreements have been concluded between the countries, contributing to stable cooperation. To assess the prospects of trade relations between the countries, the authors conducted a PEST and SWOT analysis. The article presents recommendations for the promotion of Kyrgyz dried fruits in the UAE market.
文章探讨了吉尔吉斯斯坦在农工综合体方面的出口潜力。吉尔吉斯斯坦独特的地理位置和生态友好型农业有助于种植含有大量有用微量营养元素的水果。在这种条件下，吉尔吉斯产品获得了符合国际标准的证书。吉尔吉斯政府和欧亚经济联盟的财政和非财政出口支持措施帮助农民在国际市场上推广自己的产品。两国之间缔结了海关协定，促进了稳定的合作。为了评估两国贸易关系的前景，作者进行了 PEST 和 SWOT 分析。文章提出了在阿联酋市场推广吉尔吉斯干果的建议。
{"title":"EXPORT POTENTIAL OF KYRGYZSTAN IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX","authors":"L. A. Lalayan","doi":"10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_157","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the export potential of Kyrgyzstan in the agro-industrial complex. The unique geographical location of the country and eco-friendly agriculture contribute to the cultivation of fruits with a large amount of useful micronutrients. In such conditions, Kyrgyz products receive certificates of compliance with international standards. Financial and non-financial export support measures by the Government of the country and the EAEU help farmers to promote their products on international markets.In turn, in the UAE one can observe an increase in the popularity of organic products, including dried fruits. Customs agreements have been concluded between the countries, contributing to stable cooperation. To assess the prospects of trade relations between the countries, the authors conducted a PEST and SWOT analysis. The article presents recommendations for the promotion of Kyrgyz dried fruits in the UAE market.","PeriodicalId":517339,"journal":{"name":"Geoeconomics of Energetics","volume":"3 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_38
V. D. OSTANIN-GOLOVNYA, V. I. Afanasyev
The article is devoted to the analysis of the energy factor in the formation and development of the modern foreign policy of Saudi Arabia. For decades, the foreign policy, as well as the entire economic system, of the kingdom has been directly dependent on the export of petroleum products and crude oil. Until the beginning of the 2000s western states were the main importers of Saudi energy resources, which directly affected Riyadh’s foreign policy orientation and often had a negative impact on the implementation of national interests and strategic objectives of state development. However, at the present stage, there is a process of formation of a multi-vector foreign policy of Saudi Arabia due to the intensification of trade and economic relations with non-Western states. When analyzing this aspect, the authors paid special attention to the main indicators of diversification of Riyadh’s leading partners, the results of the negotiation process on the kingdom’s accession to BRICS and the development of cooperation within the expanded OPEC format – OPEC+.
{"title":"THE ENERGY FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAUDI ARABIA’S FOREIGN POLICY AT THE PRESENT STAGE","authors":"V. D. OSTANIN-GOLOVNYA, V. I. Afanasyev","doi":"10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_38","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the energy factor in the formation and development of the modern foreign policy of Saudi Arabia. For decades, the foreign policy, as well as the entire economic system, of the kingdom has been directly dependent on the export of petroleum products and crude oil. Until the beginning of the 2000s western states were the main importers of Saudi energy resources, which directly affected Riyadh’s foreign policy orientation and often had a negative impact on the implementation of national interests and strategic objectives of state development. However, at the present stage, there is a process of formation of a multi-vector foreign policy of Saudi Arabia due to the intensification of trade and economic relations with non-Western states. When analyzing this aspect, the authors paid special attention to the main indicators of diversification of Riyadh’s leading partners, the results of the negotiation process on the kingdom’s accession to BRICS and the development of cooperation within the expanded OPEC format – OPEC+.","PeriodicalId":517339,"journal":{"name":"Geoeconomics of Energetics","volume":"11 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_90
V. A. Prokof’ev
The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of alternative energy in China. Ensuring economic growth is achieved by stable and sufficient supplies of energy to the needs of industry. Geopolitical tensions give rise to the development of national energy resources and, above all, renewable energy sources, development of which has a number of issues. A detailed examination of the 14th Five-Year (2021–2025) Energy Plan revealed challenges to China’s energy goals. Firstly, the main issue of alternative generation is the high level of «losses», i.e. the need to balance energy production with its consumption. The unevenness of energy production throughout the day, the lack of high-power batteries, as well as high-voltage lines for energy transmission, heighten this problem. Secondly, the struggle for land gives rise to competition with agriculture, construction and industrial sectors. Thirdly, alternative energy generation faces the problem of its insufficient efficiency (characterized by the ratio of energy production/ installed capacity, as well as energy density), which leads to reduction in subsidies and the replacement of renewable energy sources with more efficient, but currently less developed reserves of unconventional gas in China. The problem of subsidies is partly solved by the introduction of «green» financing as well as financing from special funds (AIIB, Silk Road Fund, NDB), that allows the implementation of distributed generation projects by attracting investor funds, as well as supporting promising energy production technologies. Most of the shortcomings relate to renewable energy sources, so China is actively developing other areas – nuclear generation, hydrogen production, and optimizing energy flows between inner regions.
{"title":"PROBLEMS OF GROWTH OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN CHINA","authors":"V. A. Prokof’ev","doi":"10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_90","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of alternative energy in China. Ensuring economic growth is achieved by stable and sufficient supplies of energy to the needs of industry. Geopolitical tensions give rise to the development of national energy resources and, above all, renewable energy sources, development of which has a number of issues. A detailed examination of the 14th Five-Year (2021–2025) Energy Plan revealed challenges to China’s energy goals. Firstly, the main issue of alternative generation is the high level of «losses», i.e. the need to balance energy production with its consumption. The unevenness of energy production throughout the day, the lack of high-power batteries, as well as high-voltage lines for energy transmission, heighten this problem. Secondly, the struggle for land gives rise to competition with agriculture, construction and industrial sectors. Thirdly, alternative energy generation faces the problem of its insufficient efficiency (characterized by the ratio of energy production/ installed capacity, as well as energy density), which leads to reduction in subsidies and the replacement of renewable energy sources with more efficient, but currently less developed reserves of unconventional gas in China. The problem of subsidies is partly solved by the introduction of «green» financing as well as financing from special funds (AIIB, Silk Road Fund, NDB), that allows the implementation of distributed generation projects by attracting investor funds, as well as supporting promising energy production technologies. Most of the shortcomings relate to renewable energy sources, so China is actively developing other areas – nuclear generation, hydrogen production, and optimizing energy flows between inner regions.","PeriodicalId":517339,"journal":{"name":"Geoeconomics of Energetics","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_67
D. D. Vyshegorodtsev
This article is devoted to the current state of the oil sector in the Central Asian countries and an assessment of the prospects of their markets for expanding the presence of Russian companies. The author highlights the main factors that determine the current situation in the oil producing and refining industries in the region: the overall availability of energy resources in general and crude oil in particular, property rights to oil producing and refining enterprises and operating oil pipelines, as well as international agreements in this area concluded over the past five years. The article substantiates the conclusion that today the potential of the region as a transport and logistics corridor and a center for oil production and refining remains largely untapped. In this regard, for Russian companies, the greatest interest lies in measures to establish control over pipelines from countries focused on the export of oil and oil products (Kazakhstan and, to a lesser extent, Turkmenistan) and to strengthen the presence in the domestic markets of those countries that focus on importing energy resources (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) by creating their own transport and refinement infrastructure.
{"title":"PROSPECTS OF CENTRAL ASIAN MARKETS FOR RUSSIAN OIL COMPANIES","authors":"D. D. Vyshegorodtsev","doi":"10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_67","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the current state of the oil sector in the Central Asian countries and an assessment of the prospects of their markets for expanding the presence of Russian companies. The author highlights the main factors that determine the current situation in the oil producing and refining industries in the region: the overall availability of energy resources in general and crude oil in particular, property rights to oil producing and refining enterprises and operating oil pipelines, as well as international agreements in this area concluded over the past five years. The article substantiates the conclusion that today the potential of the region as a transport and logistics corridor and a center for oil production and refining remains largely untapped. In this regard, for Russian companies, the greatest interest lies in measures to establish control over pipelines from countries focused on the export of oil and oil products (Kazakhstan and, to a lesser extent, Turkmenistan) and to strengthen the presence in the domestic markets of those countries that focus on importing energy resources (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) by creating their own transport and refinement infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":517339,"journal":{"name":"Geoeconomics of Energetics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_22
A. A. Markarov, V. S. Davtya
The article discusses the problems and prospects for the functioning of the «3+3» advisory platform, aimed at unblocking transport communications in the South Caucasus. The authors identify possibilities and obstacles to synchronizing the transport and logistics interests of regional and extra-regional actors. The goals and objectives of the «3+3» initiative are studied in the context of the implementation of the trilateral agreement of November 10, 2020 on the cessation of hostilities in Nagorno-Karabakh. The article identifies problems that impede the full functioning of the «3+3» platform (geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the West, contradictions between Iran and Azerbaijan and Georgia’s self-exclusion from this platform). The authors also study implementation of the «Crossroads of Peace» project which helps assess the potential of Armenia as a country aspiring to create a regional transport hub at the intersection of the international corridors «East-West» and «North-South». It is established that, despite the apparent closeness to the goals of the «3+3» platform, the «Crossroads of Peace» project has a different geopolitical agenda.
{"title":"«3+3» COOPERATION PLATFORM AND PROSPECTS FOR UNBLOCKING TRANSPORT COMMUNICATIONS IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS","authors":"A. A. Markarov, V. S. Davtya","doi":"10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_22","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the problems and prospects for the functioning of the «3+3» advisory platform, aimed at unblocking transport communications in the South Caucasus. The authors identify possibilities and obstacles to synchronizing the transport and logistics interests of regional and extra-regional actors. The goals and objectives of the «3+3» initiative are studied in the context of the implementation of the trilateral agreement of November 10, 2020 on the cessation of hostilities in Nagorno-Karabakh. The article identifies problems that impede the full functioning of the «3+3» platform (geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the West, contradictions between Iran and Azerbaijan and Georgia’s self-exclusion from this platform). The authors also study implementation of the «Crossroads of Peace» project which helps assess the potential of Armenia as a country aspiring to create a regional transport hub at the intersection of the international corridors «East-West» and «North-South». It is established that, despite the apparent closeness to the goals of the «3+3» platform, the «Crossroads of Peace» project has a different geopolitical agenda. ","PeriodicalId":517339,"journal":{"name":"Geoeconomics of Energetics","volume":"82 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.48137/26870703_2023_24_4_143
T. U. Mammadov, P. U. Mammadzade
The energy sector is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. In turn, climate change can disrupt energy networks themselves, strain infrastructure and create security risks for people.Producing electricity and heat by burning fossil fuels – coal, oil or gas – produces large amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, which blanket the Earth and trap the sun’s heat.Carbon abatement, utilization, and storage involve reducing carbon dioxide levels, typically at large single-point sources such as power plants or industrial facilities that use fossil fuels or biomass as fuel. If the resulting CO2 is not used on-site, it is compressed and transported by pipeline, ship, rail, or truck for use in a variety of applications, or injected into deep geologic formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs and saline aquifers.Hydrocarbon abatement, utilization and storage can be retrofitted into existing power plants and industrial plants, allowing them to operate continuously. Companies, through restructuring, can address hydrocarbon emissions in sectors that are difficult to reduce capacity, especially in sectors such as cement, steel or chemicals. Reducing emissions, utilization and storage of hydrocarbon can balance emissions that are impossible or technically difficult to reduce.
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