Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2091923
Heather M. Wurtz
Abstract The Pandemic Journaling Project (PJP) is a combined virtual journaling platform and research study that chronicles the experiences of ordinary people during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this interview, PJP cofounders, Sarah S. Willen and Katherine A. Mason, speak with PJP Postdoctoral Fellow Heather Wurtz about the role of human rights in how PJP was conceived, designed, and implemented. They describe how PJP contributes to a broader effort to advance social justice through the collection and preservation of archival accounts of historically underrepresented communities. Willen and Mason also share some insights into what they are beginning to learn about human rights from the contributions of PJP participants. They conclude with a brief discussion of how they plan to disseminate findings across academic and public arenas, as well as some of the next steps for PJP in terms of future research and social engagement.
大流行日志项目(PJP)是一个结合虚拟日志平台和研究的项目，记录了新冠肺炎大流行期间普通人的经历。在这次采访中，PJP联合创始人Sarah S. Willen和Katherine A. Mason与PJP博士后研究员Heather Wurtz谈论人权在PJP如何构思、设计和实施中的作用。他们描述了PJP如何通过收集和保存历史上代表性不足的社区的档案账户，为促进社会正义做出更广泛的贡献。Willen和Mason还分享了他们从PJP参与者的贡献中开始了解人权的一些见解。最后，他们简要讨论了他们计划如何在学术和公共领域传播研究结果，以及PJP在未来研究和社会参与方面的一些下一步措施。
{"title":"Journaling as a rights-based intervention during pandemic times: An interview with the creators of the Pandemic Journaling Project","authors":"Heather M. Wurtz","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2091923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2091923","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Pandemic Journaling Project (PJP) is a combined virtual journaling platform and research study that chronicles the experiences of ordinary people during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this interview, PJP cofounders, Sarah S. Willen and Katherine A. Mason, speak with PJP Postdoctoral Fellow Heather Wurtz about the role of human rights in how PJP was conceived, designed, and implemented. They describe how PJP contributes to a broader effort to advance social justice through the collection and preservation of archival accounts of historically underrepresented communities. Willen and Mason also share some insights into what they are beginning to learn about human rights from the contributions of PJP participants. They conclude with a brief discussion of how they plan to disseminate findings across academic and public arenas, as well as some of the next steps for PJP in terms of future research and social engagement.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":"21 1","pages":"517 - 524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47597624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2077085
E. Chenoweth
Abstract When the COVID-19 pandemic arrived on the scene, the near-universal imposition of lockdowns and public health restrictions prompted many human rights advocates to sound the alarm regarding freedoms of assembly, expression, privacy, and movement. Even though they have not yet appeared to reduce the occurrence of protests in many countries, such restrictions may nevertheless diminish the ability of mass movements to effectively organize and win key concessions. In this article, I present new descriptive data on the outcomes of people-power movements, which suggest that, despite their heightened popularity, maximalist nonviolent campaigns are seeing their lowest success rates in more than a century. I describe how the diffusion of restrictions on peaceful assembly and expression accompanies a broader toolkit of authoritarian strategies that have become standardized over the past 15 years in response to people-power movements. I then turn to three tensions that present dilemmas for movements emerging from the pandemic and its associated lockdowns. I conclude by laying out key research questions that emerge from these trends and dilemmas that require sustained attention from scholars and practitioners of nonviolent resistance.
{"title":"Can nonviolent resistance survive COVID-19?","authors":"E. Chenoweth","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2077085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2077085","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When the COVID-19 pandemic arrived on the scene, the near-universal imposition of lockdowns and public health restrictions prompted many human rights advocates to sound the alarm regarding freedoms of assembly, expression, privacy, and movement. Even though they have not yet appeared to reduce the occurrence of protests in many countries, such restrictions may nevertheless diminish the ability of mass movements to effectively organize and win key concessions. In this article, I present new descriptive data on the outcomes of people-power movements, which suggest that, despite their heightened popularity, maximalist nonviolent campaigns are seeing their lowest success rates in more than a century. I describe how the diffusion of restrictions on peaceful assembly and expression accompanies a broader toolkit of authoritarian strategies that have become standardized over the past 15 years in response to people-power movements. I then turn to three tensions that present dilemmas for movements emerging from the pandemic and its associated lockdowns. I conclude by laying out key research questions that emerge from these trends and dilemmas that require sustained attention from scholars and practitioners of nonviolent resistance.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":"21 1","pages":"304 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48121951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2071105
Alison Brysk
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a surge in patriarchal repression for women worldwide, with marked increases in gender violence, gendered job loss and deterioration in labor conditions, regression in health care access and reproductive rights, and backlash against feminist consciousness. Beyond intensifying chronic rights gaps and the preexisting conditions of patriarchy, the global health crisis has increased the gendered impact of interdependence across the social-civil-security rights domains, the public-private divide, and intersecting identities of gender, race, and class. The cumulation of these shifts constitutes a new phase of pandemic patriarchy that sets new parameters for the fulfillment of women’s rights in the international rights regime. The uneven rights regime response to the panoply of rights challenges under conditions of pandemic patriarchy shows that an adequate global response must move beyond the recognition of women’s rights as human rights to incorporate feminism as an ethic of care, struggle for systematic gender equity, and feminist reconstruction of global governance.
{"title":"Pandemic patriarchy: The impact of a global health crisis on women’s rights","authors":"Alison Brysk","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2071105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2071105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a surge in patriarchal repression for women worldwide, with marked increases in gender violence, gendered job loss and deterioration in labor conditions, regression in health care access and reproductive rights, and backlash against feminist consciousness. Beyond intensifying chronic rights gaps and the preexisting conditions of patriarchy, the global health crisis has increased the gendered impact of interdependence across the social-civil-security rights domains, the public-private divide, and intersecting identities of gender, race, and class. The cumulation of these shifts constitutes a new phase of pandemic patriarchy that sets new parameters for the fulfillment of women’s rights in the international rights regime. The uneven rights regime response to the panoply of rights challenges under conditions of pandemic patriarchy shows that an adequate global response must move beyond the recognition of women’s rights as human rights to incorporate feminism as an ethic of care, struggle for systematic gender equity, and feminist reconstruction of global governance.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":"21 1","pages":"283 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45661472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2071106
Amanda Murdie
Abstract The global COVID-19 pandemic affected much of the world’s human rights for 2020 and 2021 and will continue to have human rights ramifications for years to come. While many things have fundamentally changed due to the pandemic, COVID-19 has also shined a spotlight on certain realities about the existing international human rights regime that may have been missed before. This concluding article to the special issue focuses on four realities that have become evident during the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses the implications of these realities on the next generation of human rights research. Understanding the future of global human rights, including the right to health, requires the holistic and long-term approach suggested by Chiozza and King, incorporating lessons learned from the current pandemic in ways that will help us predict and solve future human rights challenges.
{"title":"Hindsight is 2020: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for future human rights research","authors":"Amanda Murdie","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2071106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2071106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The global COVID-19 pandemic affected much of the world’s human rights for 2020 and 2021 and will continue to have human rights ramifications for years to come. While many things have fundamentally changed due to the pandemic, COVID-19 has also shined a spotlight on certain realities about the existing international human rights regime that may have been missed before. This concluding article to the special issue focuses on four realities that have become evident during the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses the implications of these realities on the next generation of human rights research. Understanding the future of global human rights, including the right to health, requires the holistic and long-term approach suggested by Chiozza and King, incorporating lessons learned from the current pandemic in ways that will help us predict and solve future human rights challenges.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":"21 1","pages":"354 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59933221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2080497
Jeong-Woo Koo
Abstract This article focuses on South Korea as a case, analyzes a collection of 87,487 tweets referencing both COVID-19 and South Korea during the period of the pandemic, and examines global users’ understandings and/or assessments of South Korean responses to the health crisis. This article uses Pseudo-document-based Topic Model (PTM) as an advanced machine learning technique for classifying short texts into viable topics or themes. In the PTM results, human rights-related topics received much less attention than other topics on government responses, health measures, vaccines, and economic issues. Furthermore, discussions on surveillance, restrictions on assembly, and stigmatization of religious groups tended to emerge rather briefly and soon subsided. Rights protection in the South Korean context appeared at odds with the larger target of protecting public health and the safety of society. The analyses demonstrate a tradeoff between implementing public health imperatives and respecting human rights in South Korea.
{"title":"Global perceptions of South Korea's COVID-19 policy responses: Topic modeling with tweets","authors":"Jeong-Woo Koo","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2080497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2080497","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article focuses on South Korea as a case, analyzes a collection of 87,487 tweets referencing both COVID-19 and South Korea during the period of the pandemic, and examines global users’ understandings and/or assessments of South Korean responses to the health crisis. This article uses Pseudo-document-based Topic Model (PTM) as an advanced machine learning technique for classifying short texts into viable topics or themes. In the PTM results, human rights-related topics received much less attention than other topics on government responses, health measures, vaccines, and economic issues. Furthermore, discussions on surveillance, restrictions on assembly, and stigmatization of religious groups tended to emerge rather briefly and soon subsided. Rights protection in the South Korean context appeared at odds with the larger target of protecting public health and the safety of society. The analyses demonstrate a tradeoff between implementing public health imperatives and respecting human rights in South Korea.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":"21 1","pages":"334 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44979902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2051450
G. Chiozza, J. King
Abstract As the pandemic spread globally, there was an explosion of scholarship written on the effects the pandemic had in numerous fields. Human rights scholars were no exception to this trend and sought to identify the effects of the pandemic on many related factors, including on gender violence, freedom of movement, protests, health care, and repression. Scholarship of this type, written in real time and responsive to the rapidly changing circumstances of the pandemic, was necessary for making sense of what was taking place, but provided little consideration for the long-term effects of the pandemic on human rights. Although the pandemic is not over, we believe that sufficient time has passed to allow us to think on the impact of the pandemic in a longer-term context. First, we provide a review of the existing literature on the effects of the pandemic on human rights, categorizing the literature as descriptive or prescriptive. Second, we introduce six articles contained in this special issue entitled “Beyond Complacency and Acrimony: Studying Human Rights in a Post-COVID-19 World” that in some ways address the shortcomings of the previous human rights literature. Finally, we provide concluding remarks we hope can act as inspiration for future scholarship.
{"title":"The state of human rights in a (post) COVID-19 world","authors":"G. Chiozza, J. King","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2051450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2051450","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the pandemic spread globally, there was an explosion of scholarship written on the effects the pandemic had in numerous fields. Human rights scholars were no exception to this trend and sought to identify the effects of the pandemic on many related factors, including on gender violence, freedom of movement, protests, health care, and repression. Scholarship of this type, written in real time and responsive to the rapidly changing circumstances of the pandemic, was necessary for making sense of what was taking place, but provided little consideration for the long-term effects of the pandemic on human rights. Although the pandemic is not over, we believe that sufficient time has passed to allow us to think on the impact of the pandemic in a longer-term context. First, we provide a review of the existing literature on the effects of the pandemic on human rights, categorizing the literature as descriptive or prescriptive. Second, we introduce six articles contained in this special issue entitled “Beyond Complacency and Acrimony: Studying Human Rights in a Post-COVID-19 World” that in some ways address the shortcomings of the previous human rights literature. Finally, we provide concluding remarks we hope can act as inspiration for future scholarship.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":"21 1","pages":"246 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41463759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2080496
Sammy Badran, Brian Turnbull
Abstract Since the Arab Spring, North Africa has witnessed increased levels of authoritarianism and a general decline in human rights as authoritarian regimes have consolidated power. During the COVID-19 pandemic, regimes across the region have instituted greater restrictions on public gatherings in order to curb the spread of the virus, and some have used the pandemic to enhance powers and crush dissent. This article will investigate if these two phenomena are connected. Is the expansion of emergency powers and surveillance designed to primarily support public health, or is this emergency legislation designed to provide greater authoritarian power for regimes under the guise of fighting the pandemic? We find that considerable actions taken by these regimes were not solely designed to support public health, and instead have been exploited to curb dissent. The potential detrimental impact this expansion could have on human rights across the region could be severe. We compare emergency legislation in Morocco and Egypt since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis provides systematic insight into how authoritarian regimes respond to public health crises and details how these crises can be used by regimes facing contentious political action to quell dissent.
{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and authoritarian consolidation in North Africa","authors":"Sammy Badran, Brian Turnbull","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2080496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2080496","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the Arab Spring, North Africa has witnessed increased levels of authoritarianism and a general decline in human rights as authoritarian regimes have consolidated power. During the COVID-19 pandemic, regimes across the region have instituted greater restrictions on public gatherings in order to curb the spread of the virus, and some have used the pandemic to enhance powers and crush dissent. This article will investigate if these two phenomena are connected. Is the expansion of emergency powers and surveillance designed to primarily support public health, or is this emergency legislation designed to provide greater authoritarian power for regimes under the guise of fighting the pandemic? We find that considerable actions taken by these regimes were not solely designed to support public health, and instead have been exploited to curb dissent. The potential detrimental impact this expansion could have on human rights across the region could be severe. We compare emergency legislation in Morocco and Egypt since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis provides systematic insight into how authoritarian regimes respond to public health crises and details how these crises can be used by regimes facing contentious political action to quell dissent.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":"21 1","pages":"263 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48182013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2051451
G. Chiozza, J. King
{"title":"Introduction to a special issue on beyond complacency and acrimony: Studying human rights in a post-COVID-19 world","authors":"G. Chiozza, J. King","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2051451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2051451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":"21 1","pages":"245 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44748235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2022.2082244
K. Clay, Mennah Abdelwahab, S. Bagwell, Morgan Barney, Eduardo Burkle, Tori Hawley, Thalia Kehoe Rowden, Meridith LaVelle, Asia Parker, Matthew Rains
Abstract Health is a human right; as such, a public health crisis is a human rights crisis. Yet the human rights impact of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic seems to have varied widely, both across rights and across countries. How have human rights practices been affected by the pandemic so far? Which human rights were most negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic? Which states were most likely to experience these negative effects, and which states avoided a reduction in the enjoyment of human rights due to the pandemic? To provide some early answers to these questions, the Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI) added questions to its annual practitioner survey that aimed at determining how a subset of civil, political, economic, and social rights was affected by COVID-19 in 2020 in 39 countries around the world. Using both quantitative and qualitative data from this survey, in combination with other indicators, this article provides a description of COVID-19’s human rights impact as seen by practitioners on the front lines around the world, as well as insight into the larger question of which factors enabled states to maintain a high level of enjoyment of human rights just when those rights were needed the most.
{"title":"The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights practices: Findings from the Human Rights Measurement Initiative’s 2021 Practitioner Survey","authors":"K. Clay, Mennah Abdelwahab, S. Bagwell, Morgan Barney, Eduardo Burkle, Tori Hawley, Thalia Kehoe Rowden, Meridith LaVelle, Asia Parker, Matthew Rains","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2022.2082244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2082244","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Health is a human right; as such, a public health crisis is a human rights crisis. Yet the human rights impact of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic seems to have varied widely, both across rights and across countries. How have human rights practices been affected by the pandemic so far? Which human rights were most negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic? Which states were most likely to experience these negative effects, and which states avoided a reduction in the enjoyment of human rights due to the pandemic? To provide some early answers to these questions, the Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI) added questions to its annual practitioner survey that aimed at determining how a subset of civil, political, economic, and social rights was affected by COVID-19 in 2020 in 39 countries around the world. Using both quantitative and qualitative data from this survey, in combination with other indicators, this article provides a description of COVID-19’s human rights impact as seen by practitioners on the front lines around the world, as well as insight into the larger question of which factors enabled states to maintain a high level of enjoyment of human rights just when those rights were needed the most.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":"21 1","pages":"317 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43121206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2021.2020626
G. Shafir
Abstract This article questions two explanations given to Holocaust survivors’ prolonged silence about their experiences. The first highlights psychological impediments from the extreme trauma that set the survivor apart from his or her social environment. The second focuses on linguistic barriers—the limits of language itself—to adequately express the experience of the trauma and the emotions it generated. The author demonstrates that silence was not followed by speaking, as the history of witnessing consists of three periods—an outpouring of post-Holocaust witnessing in the immediate wake of World War II, its abeyance, and reemergence in the 1970s—to argue that the most potent obstacle to witnessing by Holocaust survivors was the absence of listeners. The study of Holocaust witnessing, consequently, should not be the so-called “silence” of the survivor, but the ambivalence and indifference of the world, which only belatedly began to listen to them.
{"title":"Where were the listeners? Witnessing among Holocaust survivors","authors":"G. Shafir","doi":"10.1080/14754835.2021.2020626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2021.2020626","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article questions two explanations given to Holocaust survivors’ prolonged silence about their experiences. The first highlights psychological impediments from the extreme trauma that set the survivor apart from his or her social environment. The second focuses on linguistic barriers—the limits of language itself—to adequately express the experience of the trauma and the emotions it generated. The author demonstrates that silence was not followed by speaking, as the history of witnessing consists of three periods—an outpouring of post-Holocaust witnessing in the immediate wake of World War II, its abeyance, and reemergence in the 1970s—to argue that the most potent obstacle to witnessing by Holocaust survivors was the absence of listeners. The study of Holocaust witnessing, consequently, should not be the so-called “silence” of the survivor, but the ambivalence and indifference of the world, which only belatedly began to listen to them.","PeriodicalId":51734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights","volume":"21 1","pages":"434 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45420542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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