Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1177/03611981241265683
Victor L. Knoop, Joost Ellerbroek, Mark ter Heide, Serge Hoogendoorn
For car traffic it was found that a more crowded area leads to a lower speed and a lower arrival rate. The relation between crowdedness and speed (or arrival rate) can be expressed in a network fundamental diagram, or macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD). Similar concepts have been shown for pedestrian and train traffic. In this paper, we extend the concept to three spatial dimensions. While simulations have explored some concepts, we present for the first time empirical results of the relation between the crowdedness in the air and the performance of the “network.” We base our results on several months of data of airplanes around Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. Similar to car traffic, we observe a reduction in speeds as the number of airplanes in the area increases. However, even at the highest observed densities, we do not see a reduction in flows. This is because of active and intensive management (based on departure/landing possibilities), comparable to perimeter control in traffic, as well as a minimum airplane speed. This paper introduces an interesting concept of applying a MFD to three-dimensional (3D) spaces. We also show to what extent the performance reduction is caused by speed reduction and to what extent it is caused by less efficient routes. The MFD concept can eventually be used to also manage 3D airspaces for applications with less strict microscopic air traffic management than the current management around airports.
{"title":"Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram for Airplane Traffic: Empirical Findings","authors":"Victor L. Knoop, Joost Ellerbroek, Mark ter Heide, Serge Hoogendoorn","doi":"10.1177/03611981241265683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241265683","url":null,"abstract":"For car traffic it was found that a more crowded area leads to a lower speed and a lower arrival rate. The relation between crowdedness and speed (or arrival rate) can be expressed in a network fundamental diagram, or macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD). Similar concepts have been shown for pedestrian and train traffic. In this paper, we extend the concept to three spatial dimensions. While simulations have explored some concepts, we present for the first time empirical results of the relation between the crowdedness in the air and the performance of the “network.” We base our results on several months of data of airplanes around Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. Similar to car traffic, we observe a reduction in speeds as the number of airplanes in the area increases. However, even at the highest observed densities, we do not see a reduction in flows. This is because of active and intensive management (based on departure/landing possibilities), comparable to perimeter control in traffic, as well as a minimum airplane speed. This paper introduces an interesting concept of applying a MFD to three-dimensional (3D) spaces. We also show to what extent the performance reduction is caused by speed reduction and to what extent it is caused by less efficient routes. The MFD concept can eventually be used to also manage 3D airspaces for applications with less strict microscopic air traffic management than the current management around airports.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1177/03611981241270164
Youngdae Kim, Robert Wiggins, Yong-Hoon Byun, Issam I. A. Qamhia, Erol Tutumluer, Jeremy Beasley, Abby Cisko, Hamed Kashani, Ryan Langlois, Michael J. Harrell
Ballast performance and lifecycle are influenced by aggregate breakdown-related degradation or fouling and moisture accumulating in track substructure, necessitating effective monitoring and characterization methods. Recent research supported by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center has focused on investigating condition assessment technologies and developing innovative solutions to ensure railway infrastructure performance. This paper presents a combined application of ground penetrating radar (GPR), the Smart Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) with an automatic depth measurement system, and the PANDA® penetrometer for comprehensive ballast condition evaluations. The GPR scans covered 43.5 km (27 mi) of railway track, and two types of DCP tests were executed at 15 distinct locations within the Fort Campbell Army installation in Kentucky. The analyses focused on understanding the depth profiles of the track substructure with particular attention given to ballast depth, fouling index (FI), moisture content, and ballast strength. The GPR surveys yielded relative moisture content (RMC) and FI depth profile heatmaps, revealing a correlation between these two variables. A comparative analysis of the Smart DCP and PANDA penetrometer results was conducted, identifying interfaces between the ballast and subballast layers. The study explores the impact of RMC and FI on ballast strength, particularly beyond a critical penetration depth from the ballast surface. Finally, a Gaussian function model is proposed to represent the California Bearing Ratio as a function of the FI and RMC. These findings offer potential for predictive assessments of ballast strength based on FI and moisture content.
无砟轨道的性能和生命周期受到轨道下部结构中与集料破碎相关的退化或污垢和湿气积累的影响，因此必须采用有效的监测和表征方法。近期由美国陆军工程研发中心支持的研究重点是调查状态评估技术和开发创新解决方案，以确保铁路基础设施的性能。本文介绍了地面穿透雷达 (GPR)、带有自动深度测量系统的智能动态锥形透度计 (DCP) 和 PANDA® 透度计在全面评估道碴状况方面的综合应用。GPR 扫描覆盖了 43.5 公里（27 英里）的铁路轨道，并在肯塔基州坎贝尔堡陆军设施内的 15 个不同地点进行了两种类型的 DCP 测试。分析的重点是了解轨道下部结构的深度剖面，尤其关注道碴深度、结垢指数 (FI)、含水量和道碴强度。GPR 勘测得出了相对含水量 (RMC) 和 FI 深度剖面热图，揭示了这两个变量之间的相关性。对智能 DCP 和 PANDA 透度计的结果进行了比较分析，确定了道碴层和底碴层之间的界面。研究探讨了 RMC 和 FI 对压载强度的影响，尤其是超过压载表面临界渗透深度的影响。最后，提出了一个高斯函数模型，将加州承载比表示为 FI 和 RMC 的函数。这些发现为基于 FI 和含水量的压载强度预测评估提供了可能性。
{"title":"Characterization of Degraded Ballast Strength: A Field Application of Ground Penetrating Radar and Dynamic Cone Penetration","authors":"Youngdae Kim, Robert Wiggins, Yong-Hoon Byun, Issam I. A. Qamhia, Erol Tutumluer, Jeremy Beasley, Abby Cisko, Hamed Kashani, Ryan Langlois, Michael J. Harrell","doi":"10.1177/03611981241270164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241270164","url":null,"abstract":"Ballast performance and lifecycle are influenced by aggregate breakdown-related degradation or fouling and moisture accumulating in track substructure, necessitating effective monitoring and characterization methods. Recent research supported by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center has focused on investigating condition assessment technologies and developing innovative solutions to ensure railway infrastructure performance. This paper presents a combined application of ground penetrating radar (GPR), the Smart Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) with an automatic depth measurement system, and the PANDA<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> penetrometer for comprehensive ballast condition evaluations. The GPR scans covered 43.5 km (27 mi) of railway track, and two types of DCP tests were executed at 15 distinct locations within the Fort Campbell Army installation in Kentucky. The analyses focused on understanding the depth profiles of the track substructure with particular attention given to ballast depth, fouling index (FI), moisture content, and ballast strength. The GPR surveys yielded relative moisture content (RMC) and FI depth profile heatmaps, revealing a correlation between these two variables. A comparative analysis of the Smart DCP and PANDA penetrometer results was conducted, identifying interfaces between the ballast and subballast layers. The study explores the impact of RMC and FI on ballast strength, particularly beyond a critical penetration depth from the ballast surface. Finally, a Gaussian function model is proposed to represent the California Bearing Ratio as a function of the FI and RMC. These findings offer potential for predictive assessments of ballast strength based on FI and moisture content.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1177/03611981241270179
Li Zhao, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Aemal J. Khattak
Highway-rail grade crossing (HRGC) crash prediction models’ effectiveness hinges on the input data accuracy and precision. This paper investigates the impact of inaccurate HRGC inventory data on the modeling of HRGC crashes. Specifically, the research explores data gaps by obtaining samples of Federal Railroad Administration rail crossing inventory data. These inventory data were checked for accuracy by visiting the rail crossings and comparing the inventory elements to their field conditions. Any inaccurate records were corrected; the process created an accurate inventory of the rail crossings under consideration. The corrected inventory data was subsequently used for crash predictions using the U.S. Department of Transportation accident prediction formula (U.S. DOT APF), released in 2020. To fit for the U.S. DOT APF, the corrected inventory data from Nebraska was used for the case 1 study, which applied a multiple imputation algorithm to augment the empirical data to verify improvements in the model’s goodness of fit. The results showed that the adjusted Akaike information criterion (AIC) improved from 1,074 to 1,068 when only 7% of the total inventory dataset was corrected, and to 813 assuming all verified corrected data obtained through data imputation. In case 2, the filtered inventory data from four Midwest states (i.e., Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, and Nebraska) were utilized to address data stratification issues in the U.S. DOT APF. Results showed that the adjusted AIC improved from 1,442 to 1,431 when the latest annual average daily traffic data and properly stratified variables (i.e., road surface, traffic control) were included in the U.S. DOT APF. The findings emphasize the need for regular HRGC inventory data verification and improved data-updating processes for more accurate HRGC crash predictions.
{"title":"Data Accuracy Matters: Improving Highway-Rail Grade Crossings Crash Predictions through Inventory Verification","authors":"Li Zhao, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Aemal J. Khattak","doi":"10.1177/03611981241270179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241270179","url":null,"abstract":"Highway-rail grade crossing (HRGC) crash prediction models’ effectiveness hinges on the input data accuracy and precision. This paper investigates the impact of inaccurate HRGC inventory data on the modeling of HRGC crashes. Specifically, the research explores data gaps by obtaining samples of Federal Railroad Administration rail crossing inventory data. These inventory data were checked for accuracy by visiting the rail crossings and comparing the inventory elements to their field conditions. Any inaccurate records were corrected; the process created an accurate inventory of the rail crossings under consideration. The corrected inventory data was subsequently used for crash predictions using the U.S. Department of Transportation accident prediction formula (U.S. DOT APF), released in 2020. To fit for the U.S. DOT APF, the corrected inventory data from Nebraska was used for the case 1 study, which applied a multiple imputation algorithm to augment the empirical data to verify improvements in the model’s goodness of fit. The results showed that the adjusted Akaike information criterion (AIC) improved from 1,074 to 1,068 when only 7% of the total inventory dataset was corrected, and to 813 assuming all verified corrected data obtained through data imputation. In case 2, the filtered inventory data from four Midwest states (i.e., Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, and Nebraska) were utilized to address data stratification issues in the U.S. DOT APF. Results showed that the adjusted AIC improved from 1,442 to 1,431 when the latest annual average daily traffic data and properly stratified variables (i.e., road surface, traffic control) were included in the U.S. DOT APF. The findings emphasize the need for regular HRGC inventory data verification and improved data-updating processes for more accurate HRGC crash predictions.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1177/03611981241270177
Xinghua Hu, Zhouzuo Wang, Jiahao Zhao, Ran Wang, Hao Lei, Yifeng Cai, Bing Long
The rapid expansion of expressway networks has highlighted the irregular distribution of traffic flow in both spatial and temporal dimensions; there is an escalating demand for more detailed positioning of expressway emergency rescue points. This research delves into the spatiotemporal distribution traits of expressway vehicle models, based on expressway toll data employing community-detection algorithms to partition the operating origin and destination of four basic models, namely, minibuses, buses, minivans, and large trucks. Separate weights are assigned to expressway crash probability and crash intensity for the base model. Then the weighted shape centers are identified by integrating the shape centers of each model community using the K-nearest-neighbor algorithm. Following this, K-dimensional tree algorithms are engaged to match the weighted shape centers with toll stations, using tollbooths as site selection for rescue points. Using vehicle toll data from a Chinese city expressway as a case study, we implement the aforementioned method. With a layout of eight first-level emergency rescue points and 23 second-level emergency rescue points for the region, when juxtaposed with the P-center siting model, our method reduces the average rescue time for first- and second-level crashes by approximately 22.02%. Similarly, for third- and fourth-level incidents, there is a 21.33% reduction in response time. The variability in emergency response times across both siting models also decreases by 37.37% and 16.14%, respectively. These metrics underscore the suitability of our method for addressing the distinct needs of expressway emergency response, enhancing the effectiveness of the rescue-center placement.
高速公路网络的快速扩张凸显了车流在空间和时间维度上的不规则分布，对高速公路应急救援点的详细定位需求也在不断升级。本研究基于高速公路收费数据，采用群落检测算法，对小客车、大客车、微型货车和大型货车四种基本车型的运营起点和终点进行划分，深入研究高速公路车型的时空分布特征。对基本模型的高速公路碰撞概率和碰撞强度分别赋予权重。然后，通过使用 K-最近邻算法对每个模型群落的形状中心进行整合，确定加权形状中心。然后，使用 K 维树算法将加权形状中心与收费站相匹配，将收费站作为救援点的选址。我们以中国某城市高速公路的车辆通行费数据为案例，实施了上述方法。在该区域布局了 8 个一级应急救援点和 23 个二级应急救援点，与 P 中心选址模型对比，我们的方法将一级和二级碰撞事故的平均救援时间缩短了约 22.02%。同样，对于第三和第四级事故，响应时间缩短了 21.33%。两种选址模型的应急响应时间差异也分别减少了 37.37% 和 16.14%。这些指标强调了我们的方法适用于高速公路应急响应的不同需求，提高了救援中心选址的有效性。
{"title":"Research on Data-Driven Methodologies for Expressway Emergency Rescue Point Location","authors":"Xinghua Hu, Zhouzuo Wang, Jiahao Zhao, Ran Wang, Hao Lei, Yifeng Cai, Bing Long","doi":"10.1177/03611981241270177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241270177","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of expressway networks has highlighted the irregular distribution of traffic flow in both spatial and temporal dimensions; there is an escalating demand for more detailed positioning of expressway emergency rescue points. This research delves into the spatiotemporal distribution traits of expressway vehicle models, based on expressway toll data employing community-detection algorithms to partition the operating origin and destination of four basic models, namely, minibuses, buses, minivans, and large trucks. Separate weights are assigned to expressway crash probability and crash intensity for the base model. Then the weighted shape centers are identified by integrating the shape centers of each model community using the K-nearest-neighbor algorithm. Following this, K-dimensional tree algorithms are engaged to match the weighted shape centers with toll stations, using tollbooths as site selection for rescue points. Using vehicle toll data from a Chinese city expressway as a case study, we implement the aforementioned method. With a layout of eight first-level emergency rescue points and 23 second-level emergency rescue points for the region, when juxtaposed with the P-center siting model, our method reduces the average rescue time for first- and second-level crashes by approximately 22.02%. Similarly, for third- and fourth-level incidents, there is a 21.33% reduction in response time. The variability in emergency response times across both siting models also decreases by 37.37% and 16.14%, respectively. These metrics underscore the suitability of our method for addressing the distinct needs of expressway emergency response, enhancing the effectiveness of the rescue-center placement.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1177/03611981241270169
Weiwei Cao, Zibing Chen, Feng Shi, Jin Xu
As essential infrastructure, high-speed rail (HSR) and air transport (AT) play crucial roles in socioeconomic development. With their continuous expansion in China, the overlap of HSR and AT networks has increased, providing travelers with more choices for intercity travel. Because fierce competition in the medium-to-long-distance segment affects the market share and transport capacity dispatching, the travel choice between HSR and AT has been of intense interest. This study utilized a unique fusion dataset collected from two separate organizations to conduct an empirical analysis of the travel mode choice behaviors of individuals when choosing between HSR and AT. A multinomial logit (MNL) model was adopted to examine the influences of key factors on passenger choice preferences. The results showed that the fitting effect of the MNL model was satisfactory, and the parameters were strongly interpretable. The McFadden Pseudo R2 with a city-pair fixed effect in the MNL model increased by 17.3% compared with that without the city-pair fixed effect. All the related explanatory variables, including the trip distance by high-speed train, demography, ticket purchasing, and travel behavior characteristics, had significant positive effects on the passengers’ choice of AT, with trip distance having the largest effect. According to the parameter estimation, 1,160 km was the division for individual choice between HSR and AT. This study also compared the prediction accuracies of the MNL model and eight classical machine-learning models and found that random forest had the best performance. This study provides a new framework for analyzing travel choice modeling when choosing between HSR and AT.
{"title":"Analysis of Travel Mode Choice Behavior between High-Speed Rail and Air Transport Utilizing Large-Scale Ticketing Data","authors":"Weiwei Cao, Zibing Chen, Feng Shi, Jin Xu","doi":"10.1177/03611981241270169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241270169","url":null,"abstract":"As essential infrastructure, high-speed rail (HSR) and air transport (AT) play crucial roles in socioeconomic development. With their continuous expansion in China, the overlap of HSR and AT networks has increased, providing travelers with more choices for intercity travel. Because fierce competition in the medium-to-long-distance segment affects the market share and transport capacity dispatching, the travel choice between HSR and AT has been of intense interest. This study utilized a unique fusion dataset collected from two separate organizations to conduct an empirical analysis of the travel mode choice behaviors of individuals when choosing between HSR and AT. A multinomial logit (MNL) model was adopted to examine the influences of key factors on passenger choice preferences. The results showed that the fitting effect of the MNL model was satisfactory, and the parameters were strongly interpretable. The McFadden Pseudo R<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> with a city-pair fixed effect in the MNL model increased by 17.3% compared with that without the city-pair fixed effect. All the related explanatory variables, including the trip distance by high-speed train, demography, ticket purchasing, and travel behavior characteristics, had significant positive effects on the passengers’ choice of AT, with trip distance having the largest effect. According to the parameter estimation, 1,160 km was the division for individual choice between HSR and AT. This study also compared the prediction accuracies of the MNL model and eight classical machine-learning models and found that random forest had the best performance. This study provides a new framework for analyzing travel choice modeling when choosing between HSR and AT.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1177/03611981241263811
Banihan Gunay
Unlike high-volume roads, for many low-volume country roads, curve advisory speeds cannot be predetermined in office because of the absence of plan sheets. In many places this is solely done by engineers on site using some degree of expert judgment, because conventional use of ball-bank indicators, as well as in-place radius and superelevation measurements for every horizontal curve, are time consuming. This is because of the high number of bends of such low-volume roads, a problem which is not fully acknowledged by many highway authorities. The present paper identifies common irregularities and inconsistencies concerning the horizontal bends of such roads based on the “continually” collected ball-bank data, as opposed to repetitive measurements. Three separate roads, located in the Afyon and Burdur regions in Turkey, each containing several horizontal curves, have been studied (two of them had no sheets of plans). The findings revealed that legal speed limits were inappropriate (even at tangents) and many curves did not have any speed signs, while some had unrealistic values being posted. The method described in this paper introduces a swift and reliable way of collecting information on how a vehicle negotiates these bends, so that problematic bends can be identified and later be revisited for further scrutiny.
{"title":"Observations on the Horizontal Bends of Rural Roads Whose Plan Sheets Never Existed","authors":"Banihan Gunay","doi":"10.1177/03611981241263811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241263811","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike high-volume roads, for many low-volume country roads, curve advisory speeds cannot be predetermined in office because of the absence of plan sheets. In many places this is solely done by engineers on site using some degree of expert judgment, because conventional use of ball-bank indicators, as well as in-place radius and superelevation measurements for every horizontal curve, are time consuming. This is because of the high number of bends of such low-volume roads, a problem which is not fully acknowledged by many highway authorities. The present paper identifies common irregularities and inconsistencies concerning the horizontal bends of such roads based on the “continually” collected ball-bank data, as opposed to repetitive measurements. Three separate roads, located in the Afyon and Burdur regions in Turkey, each containing several horizontal curves, have been studied (two of them had no sheets of plans). The findings revealed that legal speed limits were inappropriate (even at tangents) and many curves did not have any speed signs, while some had unrealistic values being posted. The method described in this paper introduces a swift and reliable way of collecting information on how a vehicle negotiates these bends, so that problematic bends can be identified and later be revisited for further scrutiny.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1177/03611981241270171
Ting Tan, Liping Cao, Xiangchen Hou, Zejiao Dong
When it comes to road network maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) work, a lack of funds is the main challenge faced by decision makers. At present, how to develop a scientific and reasonable M&R program to maximize the effects of road network maintenance with limited maintenance funds has been the focus of research in the field of road maintenance. In this regard, this study establishes a hierarchical maintenance decision-making (DM) model based on bi-level optimization to enhance the pavement performance of the road network as the maintenance objective. It divides the large-scale road network into sub-networks according to the road network characteristics and maintenance needs to realize the scientific allocation of maintenance resources and accurate M&R of the road network. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the model in maintaining the road network, four population-based metaheuristic algorithms, namely the genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), the seagull optimization algorithm (SOA), and the spotted hyena optimizer (SHO), are selected to compute the real road network. The results show that SHO performed the best. Based on the initial road network, the objective function growth rate of SHO is improved by 10.13%, 2.45%, and 5.22% compared with GA, PSO, and SOA. Meanwhile, when compared with the traditional DM model without sub-network delineation, this model presents obvious hierarchical maintenance effects on different sub-networks, and the total pavement quality index (PQI) and the average PQI during the road network maintenance planning period are improved by 14.0% and 134%, respectively.
{"title":"Comparison of the Metaheuristic Algorithms Used in Road Maintenance Decision Making","authors":"Ting Tan, Liping Cao, Xiangchen Hou, Zejiao Dong","doi":"10.1177/03611981241270171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241270171","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to road network maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) work, a lack of funds is the main challenge faced by decision makers. At present, how to develop a scientific and reasonable M&R program to maximize the effects of road network maintenance with limited maintenance funds has been the focus of research in the field of road maintenance. In this regard, this study establishes a hierarchical maintenance decision-making (DM) model based on bi-level optimization to enhance the pavement performance of the road network as the maintenance objective. It divides the large-scale road network into sub-networks according to the road network characteristics and maintenance needs to realize the scientific allocation of maintenance resources and accurate M&R of the road network. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the model in maintaining the road network, four population-based metaheuristic algorithms, namely the genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), the seagull optimization algorithm (SOA), and the spotted hyena optimizer (SHO), are selected to compute the real road network. The results show that SHO performed the best. Based on the initial road network, the objective function growth rate of SHO is improved by 10.13%, 2.45%, and 5.22% compared with GA, PSO, and SOA. Meanwhile, when compared with the traditional DM model without sub-network delineation, this model presents obvious hierarchical maintenance effects on different sub-networks, and the total pavement quality index (PQI) and the average PQI during the road network maintenance planning period are improved by 14.0% and 134%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1177/03611981241270178
Bethany J. Frick Semmler, Julie Faieta, Kaetlyn Culter Harris, Elizbeth Mance, Ashley Stojkov, Sarah Anderson, Olivia Vega, Sandra Metzler, Carmen P. DiGiovine
Purpose: The purpose of this project was to identify, develop, and assess the feasibility of a complex intervention to support independent public transportation for individuals with cognitive disabilities in a midsized urban setting. Methods: We used the Medical Research Council framework to develop and evaluate a complex intervention. The complex intervention was an education and training program that supported personal navigation for individuals with disabilities (PNID) and was part of the Smart Columbus Mobility Assistance for People with Cognitive Disabilities (MAPCD) project. The identification, development, and feasibility of the PNID education and training program was iterative and included seven stages, which started with engaging with external stakeholders and ended with describing future directions for the implementation of the complex intervention. Results: The result was an evidence-based, theory-informed, and stakeholder supported education and training program to support public transportation for individuals with cognitive disabilities. The intervention was based on frameworks, models, and theories including a sociotechnical architecture model. The sociotechnical architecture was operationalized using the WayFinder system, a personal transportation assistant that consists of both a smartphone application and a web-based portal. The education and training program consisted of five activities. Conclusions: The PNID education and training program and MAPCD project provide a framework for the identification, development, implementation, and evaluation of sociotechnical architectures that support independent public transportation for individuals with disabilities in midsize urban settings.
{"title":"Developing a Training Program for a Personal Navigation Intervention for Individuals with Disabilities","authors":"Bethany J. Frick Semmler, Julie Faieta, Kaetlyn Culter Harris, Elizbeth Mance, Ashley Stojkov, Sarah Anderson, Olivia Vega, Sandra Metzler, Carmen P. DiGiovine","doi":"10.1177/03611981241270178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241270178","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this project was to identify, develop, and assess the feasibility of a complex intervention to support independent public transportation for individuals with cognitive disabilities in a midsized urban setting. Methods: We used the Medical Research Council framework to develop and evaluate a complex intervention. The complex intervention was an education and training program that supported personal navigation for individuals with disabilities (PNID) and was part of the Smart Columbus Mobility Assistance for People with Cognitive Disabilities (MAPCD) project. The identification, development, and feasibility of the PNID education and training program was iterative and included seven stages, which started with engaging with external stakeholders and ended with describing future directions for the implementation of the complex intervention. Results: The result was an evidence-based, theory-informed, and stakeholder supported education and training program to support public transportation for individuals with cognitive disabilities. The intervention was based on frameworks, models, and theories including a sociotechnical architecture model. The sociotechnical architecture was operationalized using the WayFinder system, a personal transportation assistant that consists of both a smartphone application and a web-based portal. The education and training program consisted of five activities. Conclusions: The PNID education and training program and MAPCD project provide a framework for the identification, development, implementation, and evaluation of sociotechnical architectures that support independent public transportation for individuals with disabilities in midsize urban settings.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1177/03611981241270157
Subasish Das, Rohit Chakraborty, Abbas Sheykhfard, Boniphace Kutela, Xinyue Ye
Ambulance crashes constitute a matter of utmost concern within public health, posing potential risks to both patients and emergency responders. Despite this critical importance, investigating the underlying causes of these collisions is difficult because of the scarcity of comprehensive and relevant datasets. To bridge this research gap and gain valuable insights, the present study embarked on a mission to shed light on the causative factors behind ambulance-related crashes. To achieve this objective, this study adopted a meticulous approach, collecting narrative descriptions from ten special investigation reports published by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. These reports were selected as they offered in-depth accounts of real-life ambulance crashes, rendering them an invaluable resource for analyzing the multifaceted aspects leading to such incidents. Central to this investigation was the utilization of the Perceptual Cycle Model (PCM), a well-established and comprehensive framework that facilitates a systematic examination of the various stages leading to a crash. The study examined the key influential factors associated with ambulance crashes by employing PCM and text mining. The results reveal diverse factors contributing to ambulance crashes, including varied causes, driver actions, and post-crash scenarios, providing a holistic understanding of road safety. The outcomes of this study will bolster the safety of ambulance operations, safeguard patients and personnel, and ensure the efficient delivery of life-saving emergency services to those in need.
{"title":"Using Perceptual Cycle Model and Text Mining to Investigate Ambulance Traffic Crashes","authors":"Subasish Das, Rohit Chakraborty, Abbas Sheykhfard, Boniphace Kutela, Xinyue Ye","doi":"10.1177/03611981241270157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241270157","url":null,"abstract":"Ambulance crashes constitute a matter of utmost concern within public health, posing potential risks to both patients and emergency responders. Despite this critical importance, investigating the underlying causes of these collisions is difficult because of the scarcity of comprehensive and relevant datasets. To bridge this research gap and gain valuable insights, the present study embarked on a mission to shed light on the causative factors behind ambulance-related crashes. To achieve this objective, this study adopted a meticulous approach, collecting narrative descriptions from ten special investigation reports published by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. These reports were selected as they offered in-depth accounts of real-life ambulance crashes, rendering them an invaluable resource for analyzing the multifaceted aspects leading to such incidents. Central to this investigation was the utilization of the Perceptual Cycle Model (PCM), a well-established and comprehensive framework that facilitates a systematic examination of the various stages leading to a crash. The study examined the key influential factors associated with ambulance crashes by employing PCM and text mining. The results reveal diverse factors contributing to ambulance crashes, including varied causes, driver actions, and post-crash scenarios, providing a holistic understanding of road safety. The outcomes of this study will bolster the safety of ambulance operations, safeguard patients and personnel, and ensure the efficient delivery of life-saving emergency services to those in need.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1177/03611981241270159
Arman Hamidi, Ali Foroutan Mirhosseini, Inge Hoff, Helge Mork, Kim Rune Bragstad Grannes, Per Otto Aursand
This study intends to compare deflections obtained from traffic speed deflection devices (TSDDs) with the deflections of the falling weight deflectometer (FWD). For this purpose, deflections were measured on five sections of three roads in the Norwegian road network using traffic speed deflectometer (TSD) and rapid pavement tester (Raptor). Deflections were also measured using FWD at three different temperatures and the curves of FWD deflections versus temperature (FWD temperature-dependent deflection curves) were obtained. These curves were used to correct the effect of temperature difference. It was shown that both TSD and Raptor have the potential to detect structural deficiencies; however, TSD had better consistency with FWD with regard to deflection values and deflection basin parameters. A refinement was then made to make the Raptor data more consistent with FWD data. Calculating bearing capacity before and after refinement revealed that refining Raptor data can substantially increase the consistency between Raptor and FWD.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Falling Weight Deflectometer, Traffic Speed Deflectometer and Rapid Pavement Tester in Deflection Measurement","authors":"Arman Hamidi, Ali Foroutan Mirhosseini, Inge Hoff, Helge Mork, Kim Rune Bragstad Grannes, Per Otto Aursand","doi":"10.1177/03611981241270159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241270159","url":null,"abstract":"This study intends to compare deflections obtained from traffic speed deflection devices (TSDDs) with the deflections of the falling weight deflectometer (FWD). For this purpose, deflections were measured on five sections of three roads in the Norwegian road network using traffic speed deflectometer (TSD) and rapid pavement tester (Raptor). Deflections were also measured using FWD at three different temperatures and the curves of FWD deflections versus temperature (FWD temperature-dependent deflection curves) were obtained. These curves were used to correct the effect of temperature difference. It was shown that both TSD and Raptor have the potential to detect structural deficiencies; however, TSD had better consistency with FWD with regard to deflection values and deflection basin parameters. A refinement was then made to make the Raptor data more consistent with FWD data. Calculating bearing capacity before and after refinement revealed that refining Raptor data can substantially increase the consistency between Raptor and FWD.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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