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Social Dynamics-A Journal of African Studies最新文献

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Gender and the spatiality of blackness in contemporary AfroFrench narratives 性别与当代非洲法语叙事中的黑人空间性
IF 0.5 3区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2022.2146265
N. Dube
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引用次数: 0
On Race and Religion in African Political Communities: An Interview with David Theo Goldberg 非洲政治共同体中的种族与宗教:大卫·西奥·戈德堡访谈
IF 0.5 3区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2022.2146268
Nyanchama Okemwa, A. Topolski
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引用次数: 0
Our gods are as powerful as the God of Abraham: analysing the impetus-agitat on the rise of ézéńwànyì in Ǹsúkkà-Ìgbò, Southeastern Nigeria 我们的神和亚伯拉罕的神一样强大:分析尼日利亚东南部Ǹsúkkà-Ìgbò网站ézéńwànyì崛起的动力
IF 0.5 3区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2022.2152544
P. O. Agbo, J. K. Ugwuanyi, Malachy Ike Okwueze
ABSTRACT This study investigates the resurgence of ézèńwànyì (defined broadly as traditional female healer/diviner/priestess) in the patriarchal Ìgbò society of Nigeria. We employ ethnographic methods of observation and interview to study two communities in Ǹsúkká-Ìgbò, Southeastern Nigeria. The study finds that there has been a continuing increase in the number of ézèńwànyì, those who make use of their services and a general expansion of the practices of ézèńwànyì in the area. One of the reasons for this new trajectory, we discovered, is people’s inability to find solutions to life-threatening issues in other religions and the framing and conscious placing of subjective value on some elements in African Religion which include the practice of ézèńwànyì. The rebirth of this tradition shows how difficult it is to abandon a cultural form engraved in the minds of a homogenous group of people irrespective of the sweeping influence of foreign cultures and religions. Our findings contrast the popular opinion that there has been a decline and abandonment of many practices that are common to African Religion. We conclude that here is a new wave of tenacious belief and trust in the efficacy of the ‘healing powers’ of ézèńwànyì.
摘要本研究调查了ézńwànyì(广义定义为传统女性治疗师/占卜师/女祭司)在尼日利亚父权制社会中的复兴。我们采用民族志观察和访谈的方法研究了尼日利亚东南部的两个社区。该研究发现,利用其服务的ézńwànyì人数持续增加,该地区的ézåwà的nyì做法普遍扩大。我们发现,这种新轨迹的原因之一是,人们无法找到其他宗教中危及生命的问题的解决方案,以及对非洲宗教中的一些元素(包括ézńwànyì的实践)的主观价值的界定和有意识的定位。这一传统的复兴表明,无论外国文化和宗教的广泛影响如何,都很难放弃一种刻在同质群体脑海中的文化形式。我们的研究结果与流行的观点形成了对比,即非洲宗教中常见的许多习俗已经衰落和放弃。我们得出的结论是,这是对ézńwànyì“治愈力量”功效的新一轮坚定信念和信任。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the entanglements of Western Christianity and racialisation in Africa 揭露西方基督教与非洲种族化的纠缠
IF 0.5 3区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2022.2152546
Josias Tembo
ABSTRACT In this essay, I critically engage with scholarship on race and racism on Africa, which closely connects race and Western Christianity, to argue that modern race and Christianity in Africa are essentially entangled. I will show that race and racism in modernity emerged as the name for religious difference, and racialisation became the process by which human beings were inserted into the Christian history of salvation, only to be kept at a distance from “true” conversion. Christianity meant full humanity and living outside full Christianity meant living outside the constructed category of the human. The physical manifestation of the spiritual quality of Christianity became associated with human phenotype. Simultaneously, political belonging, cultural and economic practices became premised on religious/racial difference. By critically looking at the discourses on reason, commerce (chattel slavery) and modern Western empire(s), this article will show how the three interfaced within Western Christian anthropology which engendered and sustain race and racism in Africa. In conclusion, the article argues that race and racism within Africa and projected on Africa cannot be fully understood without its Western Christian religious foundations and mutations.
在这篇文章中,我批判性地探讨了与种族和西方基督教密切相关的关于非洲种族和种族主义的学术研究,认为非洲的现代种族和基督教本质上是纠缠在一起的。我将表明,种族和种族主义在现代性中作为宗教差异的名称出现,种族化成为人类被插入基督教救赎历史的过程,只是与“真正的”皈依保持距离。基督教意味着完整的人性,生活在完整的基督教之外意味着生活在人类的建构范畴之外。基督教精神品质的物理表现与人类表型联系在一起。同时,政治归属、文化和经济实践以宗教/种族差异为前提。通过批判性地审视理性、商业(动产奴隶制)和现代西方帝国的话语,本文将展示这三者如何在西方基督教人类学中相互作用,从而产生并维持非洲的种族和种族主义。总之,文章认为,如果没有西方基督教的宗教基础和变异,非洲内部和投射在非洲的种族和种族主义就不能完全理解。
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引用次数: 0
‘The mother of all nations’: gendered discourses in Ghana’s 2020 elections “所有国家的母亲”:加纳2020年选举中的性别话语
IF 0.5 3区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2022.2105568
G. Diabah, D. Agyepong
ABSTRACT Gendered discourses in Ghana’s politics are not new. Unlike previous years, however, the gendered discourse in the 2020 election was different because the leading opposition party (NDC) selected a female running mate. Considering that the seat has been rotating between the NDC and NPP since 1992, Ghanaians foresaw a “real” possibility of having a female vice president. With data from online news articles and social media, this paper examines the nature of the gendered discourse that characterised Ghana’s 2020 election. We focus on stylistic devices and other linguistic strategies used with a view to understanding how gender either took a centre stage or “seeped” through the political discourse. Underpinned by Ambivalent Sexism Theory and Post-structuralist Discourse Analysis, findings indicate that although the running mate was sometimes represented in ways that challenge traditional gender stereotypes, she was largely represented in stereotypical ways, thereby corroborating findings from other parts of the world. These were done through devices like allusion, sarcasm, simile, metaphor and rhetorical questions. Findings also show that although it was the NDC that actively played the “gender card” to galvanise support, the NPP also played it to dissuade voters from voting for the NDC.
性别话语在加纳政治中并不新鲜。然而,与往年不同,2020年大选的性别话语有所不同,因为第一在野党(NDC)选择了一位女性竞选伙伴。考虑到自1992年以来,副总统一职一直由NDC和NPP轮流担任,加纳人预计将有“真正”的可能出现一位女性副总统。本文利用在线新闻文章和社交媒体的数据,研究了加纳2020年大选中性别话语的本质。我们关注文体手段和其他语言策略的使用,以理解性别是如何在政治话语中占据中心地位或“渗透”的。在矛盾性别主义理论和后结构主义话语分析的基础上,研究结果表明,尽管竞选伙伴有时以挑战传统性别刻板印象的方式表现,但她主要以刻板印象的方式表现,从而证实了世界其他地区的研究结果。这些都是通过典故、讽刺、明喻、隐喻和反问句来实现的。调查结果还显示,虽然NDC积极打“性别牌”来争取支持,但NPP也打这张牌来劝阻选民不给NDC投票。
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引用次数: 4
Laughter in the face of police brutality: an analysis of satirical memes on police brutality in Zimbabwe on August 16, 2019 面对警察暴行的笑声:2019年8月16日津巴布韦警察暴行讽刺表情包分析
IF 0.5 3区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2022.2085859
D. R. Tivenga
ABSTRACT Zimbabwean state leaders have resorted to violent repression of mass protests to secure power. Mass protests, peaceful or not, have turned out to be too risky and impermissible despite the Zimbabwean constitution legalising peaceful protests. This article focuses on the Zimbabwean experience of violent repression and draws on the brutal experiences of protesters at the hands of the police on 16 August 2019. The principal focus of the article is on how ordinary Zimbabweans responded by creating and circulating satirical memes on social media, utilising humour to critique and ridicule police brutality. The analysis is informed by Scott’s concept of the weapons of the weak, the views of Barber on popular culture, by Fiske on popular pleasure and Mbembe on the commandement. I also draw from ideas on the concept of laughter and/or humour posited by Bakhtin, Singh and Taecharungroj and Nueangjamnong. I argue that laughter drawn from satirical memes offers comic relief to a people who have gone through violent repression. It is also a tool that empowers them to make meaning of police brutality, to expose the police’s vices and follies, and to condemn and show resentment towards state and police excesses.
摘要津巴布韦国家领导人采取暴力镇压大规模抗议活动的方式来确保权力。尽管津巴布韦宪法将和平抗议合法化,但大规模抗议活动,无论是否和平,都被证明风险太大,是不允许的。这篇文章聚焦于津巴布韦的暴力镇压经历,并借鉴了2019年8月16日抗议者在警察手中的残酷经历。这篇文章的主要焦点是普通津巴布韦人如何通过在社交媒体上创建和传播讽刺模因,利用幽默批评和嘲笑警察暴行来做出回应。斯科特关于弱者武器的概念、巴伯关于流行文化的观点、菲斯克关于大众快乐的观点和姆本贝关于征用的观点为分析提供了依据。我还借鉴了巴赫金、辛格、泰恰伦杰罗和努扬贾农提出的关于笑和/或幽默的概念。我认为,来自讽刺模因的笑声为经历过暴力镇压的人们提供了喜剧般的解脱。它也是一种工具,使他们能够理解警察的暴行,揭露警察的罪恶和愚蠢行为,谴责并表达对国家和警察过度行为的不满。
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引用次数: 1
A re-reading of Ben Kies’s “The Contribution of the Non European Peoples to World Civilisation” 重读本·凯斯的《非欧洲民族对世界文明的贡献》
IF 0.5 3区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2022.2099174
C. Soudien
ABSTRACT This article undertakes a critical review of the lecture on “The Contribution of the Non-European Peoples to World Civilisation” which the left-wing Cape Town intellectual Ben Kies makes in Cape Town in 1953. The argument is made that the lecture signals not only a break with dominant thinking about human progress, but in its framing of world history both anticipates the contribution of the Indian subaltern movement and offers new analytics for explaining social, cultural and economic development. In redrawing the lines of human development over the last 5,000 years it not only introduces to socio-cultural history what Jaffe called a world systems theory, but, also, critically, a decentred explanation of how the world system worked. In prioritising, however, the place of human beings in the world, he essentially re-centred his explanation behind a modernism which was premised entirely on the subjugation of nature. In this he was firmly invested, as was almost every other socialist tradition of the time, in what O’Connor describes as a “productivist” view of human life – the idea that greater productivity, economic growth in the main, is needed to create more free- or leisure-time for human beings to develop to their full potentialities.
本文对开普敦左翼知识分子本·凯斯1953年在开普敦发表的“非欧洲民族对世界文明的贡献”的演讲进行了批判性的回顾。有人认为,这场讲座不仅标志着与关于人类进步的主流思想的决裂,而且在其对世界历史的框架中,既预见到了印度下层运动的贡献,又为解释社会、文化和经济发展提供了新的分析。在重新划定过去5000年人类发展的界线 多年来,它不仅向社会文化史介绍了贾夫所说的世界体系理论,而且,批判性地,它还对世界体系如何运作进行了深入的解释。然而,在优先考虑人类在世界上的地位时,他基本上将自己的解释重新集中在完全以征服自然为前提的现代主义背后。在这方面,他和当时几乎所有其他社会主义传统一样,坚定地投资于奥所描述的“生产力主义”的人类生活观——即需要更高的生产力,主要是经济增长,为人类创造更多的自由或休闲时间,以充分发挥其潜力。
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引用次数: 1
Post-apartheid melancholia: negotiating loss and (be)longing in South Africa 种族隔离后的忧郁症:南非的谈判损失和渴望
IF 0.5 3区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2022.2099175
S. Adebayo
ABSTRACT This paper reads contemporary South Africa through the lens of melancholia and situates the experience of loss at the heart of social entanglements in the country. It argues that the purchase of melancholia lies partly in the fact that the problem of disarticulated and disenfranchised loss is common to post-apartheid modernity in general. It suggests that post-apartheid melancholia is a resultant effect of the country’s fraught engagement with loss and (be)longing. It also notes that post-apartheid melancholia is a result of structural traumas and moral anguish that have not been worked through. This paper shows how melancholia manifests in the different modes of attachments to, and identifications with victimhood; it explains why each identity group lays il/legitimate claims to victimhood in South Africa. In addition, this paper conceptualises post-apartheid melancholia along racial and generational lines. That is, it examines the ways in which personal testimonies and meditations shed light on the prospects of white, black and intergenerational melancholia in post-apartheid South Africa. In all, this paper argues that melancholia is an affective structure of the everyday life in post-apartheid South Africa which – if we are not quick to pathologise it – may help combat hurried attempts at closing the door on the past.
本文通过忧郁的视角解读当代南非,并将失去的经历置于这个国家社会纠葛的核心。它认为,忧郁症的购买部分在于这样一个事实,即在种族隔离后的现代社会中,失去联系和被剥夺权利的问题是普遍存在的。这表明种族隔离后的忧郁症是这个国家充满失落和渴望的结果。它还指出,种族隔离后的忧郁症是结构性创伤和道德痛苦没有得到解决的结果。忧郁症表现为不同的受害者依恋与认同模式;它解释了为什么每个身份群体都不合法地声称自己是南非的受害者。此外,本文还将种族隔离后的忧郁症概念化,并以种族和代际为界限。也就是说,它考察了个人证词和冥想如何揭示种族隔离后南非白人、黑人和代际忧郁症的前景。总之,这篇论文认为忧郁症是后种族隔离时代南非日常生活的一种情感结构,如果我们不迅速将其病态化,它可能有助于对抗匆忙关闭过去大门的企图。
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引用次数: 1
The aesthetic politics of fighting for black economic freedom: between militant socialism, fascism and bling-bling 为黑人经济自由而战的美学政治:在激进的社会主义、法西斯主义和珠光宝色之间
IF 0.5 3区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2022.2088088
Matthias Pauwels
ABSTRACT In its nine-year existence, the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) consolidated itself as South Africa’s third-largest party, despite continuous, damaging denunciations of some of its key aspects. I argue that a highly aestheticised politics is key to understanding this persistence, necessitating a political-aesthetic reading. I especially focus on the EFF’s adoption of a militarised party aesthetic in its self-stylisation as a contemporary black liberation army, identifying six ways in which it serves to differentiate the party ideologically from its adversaries and manage its organisational challenges. I further examine how the EFF’s highly aestheticised and militarised politics might confirm recurrent criticisms of fascist tendencies. Based on Walter Benjamin’s interpretation of fascism, I consider the functioning of aestheticisation and militarisation as diversions from the EFF’s duplicitous commitment to revolutionary socialism. Being found too limited in engaging the aesthetic as a relatively autonomous dimension of politics, the Benjaminian reading is supplemented with one that takes the EFF leaders’ conspicuous display of material wealth to function as an important, unofficial party aesthetic rooted in black emancipatory politics. The EFF’s political aesthetics is thus conceptualised as a contradictory and perplexing, yet not ineffective mixture of a socialist-revolutionary and bling-bling aesthetic.
经济自由战士(EFF)在其成立的九年中,尽管其关键方面不断受到破坏性的谴责,但仍巩固了其作为南非第三大政党的地位。我认为,高度审美化的政治是理解这种坚持的关键,需要一种政治美学的阅读。我特别关注EFF在其作为当代黑人解放军的自我风格中采用军事化政党美学,确定了六种方式,用于区分该党与对手的意识形态,并管理其组织挑战。我进一步研究了EFF高度审美化和军事化的政治如何证实了对法西斯倾向的反复批评。基于瓦尔特·本雅明对法西斯主义的解释,我认为,美化和军事化的作用,是EFF对革命社会主义的双重承诺的转移。由于审美作为政治的一个相对自主的维度被发现过于有限,本杰明主义的解读被补充为一种补充,即把EFF领导人对物质财富的显眼展示作为一种重要的、非官方的政党美学,根植于黑人解放政治。EFF的政治美学因此被概念化为一种矛盾和令人困惑的,但并非无效的社会主义革命美学和珠光宝气美学的混合体。
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引用次数: 0
South African photography and the lives of workers 南非摄影和工人的生活
IF 0.5 3区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2022.2085857
Sally Gaule
ABSTRACT When Matlala and Matom first began photographing their respective worlds in the 1980s, demand for political images of apartheid overshadowed quotidian concerns. Since then, a shift away from the political to the personal in South African photography has offered a space of reflection for the kinds of images that they sought to make. This paper focuses on the historical, social and political aspects of these two photographers’ photo-archives. It attempts to place their work and photographic concerns within the broader archive of South African photography and to demonstrate continuities and ruptures between the past and the present.Photographs are first and foremost, records, and markers of time. Although photographs might be seen to be of their time, of everyday occurrences, they also transcend time. Thus, their relationship to time is necessarily complex, and requires interpretation and analysis within a disciplinary and discursive frame, which in this paper is work and the everyday.
摘要20世纪80年代,当Matlala和Matom第一次开始拍摄他们各自的世界时,对种族隔离政治图像的需求盖过了日常生活中的担忧。从那时起,南非摄影从政治转向个人,为他们想要拍摄的图像提供了一个反思的空间。本文主要从历史、社会和政治三个方面对这两位摄影师的照片档案进行研究。它试图将他们的作品和摄影关注放在更广泛的南非摄影档案中,并展示过去和现在之间的连续性和断裂性。照片首先是时间的记录和标记。尽管照片可能被视为他们的时代,日常发生的事情,但它们也超越了时间。因此,它们与时间的关系必然是复杂的,需要在学科和话语框架内进行解释和分析,在本文中,这是工作和日常。
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引用次数: 0
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Social Dynamics-A Journal of African Studies
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