Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1080/10999922.2022.2089475
C. A. Lee, Aarika Forney
Abstract This article serves as an introduction for public administration and public institutions about Asian Americans. The experiences of Asian Americans and the field of Asian American Studies can inform a more nuanced understanding of how racial categories are constructed and community-led efforts that lead to institutional change. Asian Americans offer important insights for public administration, including how to contend with intra- and intergroup differences, how racialization upholds white supremacy, and how to document community-based histories of activism and engagement with public institutions. We end with recommendations to rethink diversity and racial climate in the field. Through a more in-depth understanding of racial categories, public institutions can improve resource distribution and decision-making.
{"title":"A Primer on Asian Americans and Asian American Studies for Public Administration","authors":"C. A. Lee, Aarika Forney","doi":"10.1080/10999922.2022.2089475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2089475","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article serves as an introduction for public administration and public institutions about Asian Americans. The experiences of Asian Americans and the field of Asian American Studies can inform a more nuanced understanding of how racial categories are constructed and community-led efforts that lead to institutional change. Asian Americans offer important insights for public administration, including how to contend with intra- and intergroup differences, how racialization upholds white supremacy, and how to document community-based histories of activism and engagement with public institutions. We end with recommendations to rethink diversity and racial climate in the field. Through a more in-depth understanding of racial categories, public institutions can improve resource distribution and decision-making.","PeriodicalId":51805,"journal":{"name":"Public Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41243337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.1080/10999922.2022.2139656
Oscar Bulaong Jr., Gabrielle Ann S. Mendoza, Ronald U. Mendoza
Abstract
Martial Law exacerbated cronyism and oligarchy by concentrating political power into the hands of one political clan. Technocratic industrial policy combined with political anti-oligarch rhetoric spurred the rationalization and liberalization of different economic sectors. Some traditional business oligarchs were quickly displaced by a new cohort of business leaders with strong ties to the Marcos administration. This was the basic recipe for malgovernance and one of the deepest economic implosions faced by the Philippines in the early-1980s that eventually led to the dictator’s removal via the 1986 EDSA revolution. While institutional reforms and subsequent economic recovery has been achieved by post-EDSA Presidents, economic and political governance challenges persist as the risks of cronyism and oligarchy only evolve over time. Reformists appear to have liberalized the economy and spurred economic growth, but they have made little progress to liberalize the political system. The tendency for political clans to concentrate power remains. This underpins the reform agenda to continue to rebalance economic and political power in favor of stronger inclusion and competition, in turn supporting inclusive development.
{"title":"Cronyism, Oligarchy and Governance in the Philippines: 1970s vs. 2020s","authors":"Oscar Bulaong Jr., Gabrielle Ann S. Mendoza, Ronald U. Mendoza","doi":"10.1080/10999922.2022.2139656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2139656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b></p><p>Martial Law exacerbated cronyism and oligarchy by concentrating political power into the hands of one political clan. Technocratic industrial policy combined with political anti-oligarch rhetoric spurred the rationalization and liberalization of different economic sectors. Some traditional business oligarchs were quickly displaced by a new cohort of business leaders with strong ties to the Marcos administration. This was the basic recipe for malgovernance and one of the deepest economic implosions faced by the Philippines in the early-1980s that eventually led to the dictator’s removal via the 1986 EDSA revolution. While institutional reforms and subsequent economic recovery has been achieved by post-EDSA Presidents, economic and political governance challenges persist as the risks of cronyism and oligarchy only evolve over time. Reformists appear to have liberalized the economy and spurred economic growth, but they have made little progress to liberalize the political system. The tendency for political clans to concentrate power remains. This underpins the reform agenda to continue to rebalance economic and political power in favor of stronger inclusion and competition, in turn supporting inclusive development.</p>","PeriodicalId":51805,"journal":{"name":"Public Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10999922.2022.2120710
Jungwon Yeo, SoHee Jeon, Myung Hun Jin
{"title":"Reengineering Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Discourse in Public Administration: Asian Americans as a Missing Piece of the Puzzle","authors":"Jungwon Yeo, SoHee Jeon, Myung Hun Jin","doi":"10.1080/10999922.2022.2120710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2120710","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51805,"journal":{"name":"Public Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45305494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10999922.2022.2120292
Meghna Sabharwal, Aurora Becerra, Seong-Ran Oh
Abstract In 2020, the world witnessed the worst pandemic in more than a century that continues to impact and stigmatize minorities and immigrants disproportionately. During this time Asian Americans in the United States (US) have been subject to racist tropes, xenophobic attacks, and widespread hate crimes. The xenophobia and racism experienced by this group are not new, as demonstrated in this study. The injustices experienced by Asians in the US are embedded within the historical, social, political, and cultural structures that discriminate and are present throughout minority history. Unfortunately, scholars in the US Public Administration often underutilize a historical lens to study oppression, racism, and xenophobia. This essay provides key historical accounts of how Asian Americans experience othering while at the same time are perceived as model minorities. We will examine the history of “otherness” experienced by Asian Americans in the US from two key lenses: (1) disease and the other (2) labor and immigration policies.
{"title":"From the Chinese Exclusion Act to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Historical Analysis of “Otherness” Experienced by Asian Americans in the United States","authors":"Meghna Sabharwal, Aurora Becerra, Seong-Ran Oh","doi":"10.1080/10999922.2022.2120292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2120292","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2020, the world witnessed the worst pandemic in more than a century that continues to impact and stigmatize minorities and immigrants disproportionately. During this time Asian Americans in the United States (US) have been subject to racist tropes, xenophobic attacks, and widespread hate crimes. The xenophobia and racism experienced by this group are not new, as demonstrated in this study. The injustices experienced by Asians in the US are embedded within the historical, social, political, and cultural structures that discriminate and are present throughout minority history. Unfortunately, scholars in the US Public Administration often underutilize a historical lens to study oppression, racism, and xenophobia. This essay provides key historical accounts of how Asian Americans experience othering while at the same time are perceived as model minorities. We will examine the history of “otherness” experienced by Asian Americans in the US from two key lenses: (1) disease and the other (2) labor and immigration policies.","PeriodicalId":51805,"journal":{"name":"Public Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1080/10999922.2022.2120711
Jason D. Rivera, K. Leach
Over the last few years, the disciplines of public administration (PA) and nonprofit management (NP) have actively contributed to the discourse surrounding the importance of documenting and understanding historically marginalized voices (Blessett & Gaynor, 2021). We seek to continue this tradition by building off the work of Blessett and Gaynor (2021) and others (cf Alexander & Stivers, 2020; Danley & Blessett, 2022; McCandless & Blessett, 2022; Portillo et al., 2020; Wright & Merritt, 2020; Zavattaro & Bearfield, 2022) who have highlighted the importance of intentionally integrating marginalized voices into the study of nonprofit management and public administration practice. This discourse is not only a byproduct of the academic disciplines’ foci on social equity, but their more concerted effort to officially engage with the effects of historical discriminatory and/or oppressive institutional structures as a means of pursuing social equity (Riccucci, 2021). This interest has become even more salient in the past several years with the prominence of situations requiring public and nonprofit solutions to address the desperate impacts of COVID-19, police brutality, climate change, and depressed economic conditions (Gooden, 2020). Along these lines, at the American Society for Public Administration’s 2021 and 2022 meetings, one of the overarching themes of these conferences related to the need for applying new theoretical lenses for understanding Black, Indigenous and People of Color’s (BIPOC) experiences and their interactions with public administrators and nonprofit organizations. The interest partially stems from the acceptance within the discipline that racism, either subtle, overt, or institutional, molds the everyday experiences of minorities within the United States (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001). As such, in order for public administration as a field to pursue social equity, it must also address and understand the legacies and continued impact of racism (Gooden, 2014; Riccucci, 2021). One such approach to developing this understanding is through the lens of Critical Race Theory (CRT) and its subcategories. According to Blessett and Gaynor (2021; see also Crenshaw et al., 2015; L opez et al., 2018), CRT provides researchers with a conceptual and empirical foundation to study a host of social issues with the understanding that contemporary social, political and economic systems are the byproduct of racialized structures that are sustained without the racist behaviors of individuals. As such, the use of CRT in research typically is interested in two things. First, to explain how white supremacy has created and maintained institutions and systems that disadvantage people of color, in addition to privilege Whites. Second, to transform the connection of institutions, the law and public policy with the power of BIPOC to pursue social equity (Crenshaw, 1995, 1996; Brown, 2003). CRT is not only intended to understand the lived experiences of people as a
{"title":"The Time Has Come: Broadly Integrating Critical Race Theory as an Analytic Lens in Public and Nonprofit Management","authors":"Jason D. Rivera, K. Leach","doi":"10.1080/10999922.2022.2120711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2120711","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last few years, the disciplines of public administration (PA) and nonprofit management (NP) have actively contributed to the discourse surrounding the importance of documenting and understanding historically marginalized voices (Blessett & Gaynor, 2021). We seek to continue this tradition by building off the work of Blessett and Gaynor (2021) and others (cf Alexander & Stivers, 2020; Danley & Blessett, 2022; McCandless & Blessett, 2022; Portillo et al., 2020; Wright & Merritt, 2020; Zavattaro & Bearfield, 2022) who have highlighted the importance of intentionally integrating marginalized voices into the study of nonprofit management and public administration practice. This discourse is not only a byproduct of the academic disciplines’ foci on social equity, but their more concerted effort to officially engage with the effects of historical discriminatory and/or oppressive institutional structures as a means of pursuing social equity (Riccucci, 2021). This interest has become even more salient in the past several years with the prominence of situations requiring public and nonprofit solutions to address the desperate impacts of COVID-19, police brutality, climate change, and depressed economic conditions (Gooden, 2020). Along these lines, at the American Society for Public Administration’s 2021 and 2022 meetings, one of the overarching themes of these conferences related to the need for applying new theoretical lenses for understanding Black, Indigenous and People of Color’s (BIPOC) experiences and their interactions with public administrators and nonprofit organizations. The interest partially stems from the acceptance within the discipline that racism, either subtle, overt, or institutional, molds the everyday experiences of minorities within the United States (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001). As such, in order for public administration as a field to pursue social equity, it must also address and understand the legacies and continued impact of racism (Gooden, 2014; Riccucci, 2021). One such approach to developing this understanding is through the lens of Critical Race Theory (CRT) and its subcategories. According to Blessett and Gaynor (2021; see also Crenshaw et al., 2015; L opez et al., 2018), CRT provides researchers with a conceptual and empirical foundation to study a host of social issues with the understanding that contemporary social, political and economic systems are the byproduct of racialized structures that are sustained without the racist behaviors of individuals. As such, the use of CRT in research typically is interested in two things. First, to explain how white supremacy has created and maintained institutions and systems that disadvantage people of color, in addition to privilege Whites. Second, to transform the connection of institutions, the law and public policy with the power of BIPOC to pursue social equity (Crenshaw, 1995, 1996; Brown, 2003). CRT is not only intended to understand the lived experiences of people as a","PeriodicalId":51805,"journal":{"name":"Public Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42540076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1080/10999922.2022.2124606
Julie Babyar
{"title":"Birds of a Feather: Advancing US Active Duty, Reservist, and Veteran Medical Research, Together","authors":"Julie Babyar","doi":"10.1080/10999922.2022.2124606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2124606","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51805,"journal":{"name":"Public Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48585098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1080/10999922.2022.2115219
Cynthia A. Golembeski, Matthew Bakko, Shayla Wilson, Twyla Carter
Abstract The U.S. criminal legal system contributes to the oppression and harm of marginalized groups, calling into question ethical governance. The front end of this system, specifically bail and pretrial justice, exploits opportunities for resource generation and social control as a major driver of incarceration, yet receives limited attention in public administration or ethics. Disproportionate punishment and collateral penalties associated with bail and pretrial justice are causes and consequences of structural racism and administrative dysfunction. Excessive bail as a poverty penalty incurs risks to health, safety, financial security, and constitutional presumptions and protections. In light of civil and constitutional rights concerns, bail and pretrial-associated philanthropic solutions have proliferated. This article provides background on bail and pretrial justice policies and politics; outlines evidence of related consequences; describes select reform efforts and philanthropic tools, including the charitable bail organization The Bail Project; and contextualizes bail and pretrial justice within a public values framework, which centers social equity and incorporates critical race theory alongside politics and public ethics of care. Upholding the Constitution and the law, strengthening social equity, and ensuring procedural due process are core tenets of good governance, yet anathema to the current bail and pretrial justice system, which is a critical public ethics concern.
{"title":"U.S. Bail, Pretrial Justice, and Charitable Bail Organizations: Strengthening Social Equity and Advancing Politics and Public Ethics of Care","authors":"Cynthia A. Golembeski, Matthew Bakko, Shayla Wilson, Twyla Carter","doi":"10.1080/10999922.2022.2115219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2115219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The U.S. criminal legal system contributes to the oppression and harm of marginalized groups, calling into question ethical governance. The front end of this system, specifically bail and pretrial justice, exploits opportunities for resource generation and social control as a major driver of incarceration, yet receives limited attention in public administration or ethics. Disproportionate punishment and collateral penalties associated with bail and pretrial justice are causes and consequences of structural racism and administrative dysfunction. Excessive bail as a poverty penalty incurs risks to health, safety, financial security, and constitutional presumptions and protections. In light of civil and constitutional rights concerns, bail and pretrial-associated philanthropic solutions have proliferated. This article provides background on bail and pretrial justice policies and politics; outlines evidence of related consequences; describes select reform efforts and philanthropic tools, including the charitable bail organization The Bail Project; and contextualizes bail and pretrial justice within a public values framework, which centers social equity and incorporates critical race theory alongside politics and public ethics of care. Upholding the Constitution and the law, strengthening social equity, and ensuring procedural due process are core tenets of good governance, yet anathema to the current bail and pretrial justice system, which is a critical public ethics concern.","PeriodicalId":51805,"journal":{"name":"Public Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46489217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1080/10999922.2022.2123050
David Arellano-Gault, Luis Jair Trejo, Gabriel Rojas-Salazar
{"title":"Deconstructing Corruption through Its Aporias","authors":"David Arellano-Gault, Luis Jair Trejo, Gabriel Rojas-Salazar","doi":"10.1080/10999922.2022.2123050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2123050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51805,"journal":{"name":"Public Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45732647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.1080/10999922.2022.2116671
Nuri Heckler
Abstract Social equity researchers in public administration regularly refer to self-work as important or even crucial for White public servants seeking to authentically engage in racial justice efforts. Yet no papers in the field define self-work nor deliberately provide tools for White people to do it. Self-work for White racial justice advocates acknowledges racialized trauma and gives White public servants tools to understand White double-consciousness. I develop a model to support the argument that Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS)—the subset of critical race theory dedicated to understanding how the White racial identity contributes to racial hierarchy—is a powerful tool for self-work of White public servants. CWS has four assumptions: (1) Whiteness as property, (2) racial denial, (3) White privilege, and (4) the mutation of Whiteness. Each of these is based on the premise that White people are separate from their Whiteness, allowing them to engage with others who wish to end racism by adopting strategies to reconstruct or abolish Whiteness in society. In conclusion, I use critical autoethnography of racialized trauma to assess how CWS helped me become a better White public servant.
{"title":"Critical Whiteness Studies as Self-Work for White Nonprofit and Government Workers","authors":"Nuri Heckler","doi":"10.1080/10999922.2022.2116671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2116671","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social equity researchers in public administration regularly refer to self-work as important or even crucial for White public servants seeking to authentically engage in racial justice efforts. Yet no papers in the field define self-work nor deliberately provide tools for White people to do it. Self-work for White racial justice advocates acknowledges racialized trauma and gives White public servants tools to understand White double-consciousness. I develop a model to support the argument that Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS)—the subset of critical race theory dedicated to understanding how the White racial identity contributes to racial hierarchy—is a powerful tool for self-work of White public servants. CWS has four assumptions: (1) Whiteness as property, (2) racial denial, (3) White privilege, and (4) the mutation of Whiteness. Each of these is based on the premise that White people are separate from their Whiteness, allowing them to engage with others who wish to end racism by adopting strategies to reconstruct or abolish Whiteness in society. In conclusion, I use critical autoethnography of racialized trauma to assess how CWS helped me become a better White public servant.","PeriodicalId":51805,"journal":{"name":"Public Integrity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44657008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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