Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2022.2112744
I. Ljunggren, M. Najström, D. Levitt, J. Ramnerö
Abstract Verbal interaction is at the heart of many helping professions. This is often reflected in the curriculum of professional training. Somewhat surprisingly, there is a dearth of research regarding the assessment and training of students in these skills, not least of those about to become psychologists. The present study focused on communicational microskills in psychology students. We were interested in generic skills that should be observable across different training tasks focused on training interviewing skills. Video-taped interview segments, where the students acted as interviewers, were rated by their instructors using an eleven-item assessment of active listening skills. A total of 206 students were included, of whom 63 were assessed on five consecutive occasions over three semesters. The assessment showed satisfactory overall homogeneity. An investigation of the factor structure identified three principal components: Attention and exploration; Structuring skills; and Direct relating. In the subsample that was studied over repeated sessions, a marked progression was observed over time. The results are discussed in terms of implications for assessment and training within an educational context.
{"title":"Dialogue as psychological method – a study of training interviewing and communication skills in psychology students","authors":"I. Ljunggren, M. Najström, D. Levitt, J. Ramnerö","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2022.2112744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2022.2112744","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Verbal interaction is at the heart of many helping professions. This is often reflected in the curriculum of professional training. Somewhat surprisingly, there is a dearth of research regarding the assessment and training of students in these skills, not least of those about to become psychologists. The present study focused on communicational microskills in psychology students. We were interested in generic skills that should be observable across different training tasks focused on training interviewing skills. Video-taped interview segments, where the students acted as interviewers, were rated by their instructors using an eleven-item assessment of active listening skills. A total of 206 students were included, of whom 63 were assessed on five consecutive occasions over three semesters. The assessment showed satisfactory overall homogeneity. An investigation of the factor structure identified three principal components: Attention and exploration; Structuring skills; and Direct relating. In the subsample that was studied over repeated sessions, a marked progression was observed over time. The results are discussed in terms of implications for assessment and training within an educational context.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44652286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2022.2103726
Kirsi Raetsaari, T. Suorsa, Marianne Peltola, H. Muukkonen
Abstract This study aims to understand intervening in early school leaving-related problems at general upper secondary schools in a large Finnish municipality. Sometimes intervening causes a paradoxical situation because professionals follow legislation by providing guidance and support to promote students' progress in their studies but, at the same time, try to strengthen students' wellbeing, which may not always mean continuing their studies in upper secondary school. We focus on professionals’ action and experience which are studied utilising concepts and methodological principles of subject-scientific psychology. The main material of the study consists of recorded and transcribed group discussions with 32 professionals who encounter the phenomenon of early school leaving in their everyday work. The material is analysed qualitatively 1) to identify how professionals perceive the phenomenon as a reason for intervening, and 2) to identify common contradictions they encounter in their everyday work related to early school leaving. The results suggest that professionals understood students' rocky conduct of everyday school life as consisting of 1) choosing the school without thorough consideration, 2) a mismatch of expectations and reality, 3) learning difficulties, 4) problems in social relationships, and 5) difficulties in other life scenes. Further, we identified six common contradictions which related to 1) students' conduct of everyday life, 2) students' broader life trajectories, and 3) professionals' conduct of their professional everyday lives. We argue that it is essential to consider early school leaving situationally, from the standpoint of the subject, instead of specifying risks or statistical probabilities.
{"title":"To intervene or not? Professionals' relation to early school leaving in Finnish general upper secondary education","authors":"Kirsi Raetsaari, T. Suorsa, Marianne Peltola, H. Muukkonen","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2022.2103726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2022.2103726","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to understand intervening in early school leaving-related problems at general upper secondary schools in a large Finnish municipality. Sometimes intervening causes a paradoxical situation because professionals follow legislation by providing guidance and support to promote students' progress in their studies but, at the same time, try to strengthen students' wellbeing, which may not always mean continuing their studies in upper secondary school. We focus on professionals’ action and experience which are studied utilising concepts and methodological principles of subject-scientific psychology. The main material of the study consists of recorded and transcribed group discussions with 32 professionals who encounter the phenomenon of early school leaving in their everyday work. The material is analysed qualitatively 1) to identify how professionals perceive the phenomenon as a reason for intervening, and 2) to identify common contradictions they encounter in their everyday work related to early school leaving. The results suggest that professionals understood students' rocky conduct of everyday school life as consisting of 1) choosing the school without thorough consideration, 2) a mismatch of expectations and reality, 3) learning difficulties, 4) problems in social relationships, and 5) difficulties in other life scenes. Further, we identified six common contradictions which related to 1) students' conduct of everyday life, 2) students' broader life trajectories, and 3) professionals' conduct of their professional everyday lives. We argue that it is essential to consider early school leaving situationally, from the standpoint of the subject, instead of specifying risks or statistical probabilities.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42630647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2022.2093778
Hilde Visnes Trå, F. Volden, R. Watten
Abstract Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) is a heritable personality related trait which includes sensitivity to a variety of stimuli, emotional, cognitive, and behavioural reactions such as strong positive and negative emotional responses, deep cognitive processing of stimuli, and empathic behaviour. Two studies are reported. Study 1 investigated the factor structure of the Highly Sensitive Person scale (HSP) and gender differences in HSP. Study 2 described differences in Big Five personality traits between two HSP groups. Study 1 comprised a sample of adults, mostly university students, matched on gender (N men = 548, N women = 548; total N = 1096). Study 2 was based on a sample consisting of a High (N = 164) and Low (N = 164) HSP group also matched on gender (N men = 82 and N women = 82 in both groups; total N = 328). There were no age differences between men and women in the two samples. Results from Study 1 showed a correlated three-factor solution: The first factor reflected excitability, easily aroused, negative emotional reactivity, frustration, avoidance of upsetting situations and childhood shyness. Factor 2 comprised low sensory threshold and sensory discomfort. Factor 3 captured intensity of aesthetic reactions, preoccupation with details in the environment, and socio-emotional sensitivity. Gender differences were found, women had elevated HSP scores on all scales, also when controlled for personality traits. Study 2 showed that the highly sensitive individuals had a unique personality trait profile compared to low sensitives. They had higher scores on neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, and lower scores on conscientiousness. There were no differences in extraversion i.e., there was no tendency towards introversion among the high sensitives.
{"title":"High Sensitivity: Factor structure of the highly sensitive person scale and personality traits in a high and low sensitivity group. Two gender—matched studies","authors":"Hilde Visnes Trå, F. Volden, R. Watten","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2022.2093778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2022.2093778","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) is a heritable personality related trait which includes sensitivity to a variety of stimuli, emotional, cognitive, and behavioural reactions such as strong positive and negative emotional responses, deep cognitive processing of stimuli, and empathic behaviour. Two studies are reported. Study 1 investigated the factor structure of the Highly Sensitive Person scale (HSP) and gender differences in HSP. Study 2 described differences in Big Five personality traits between two HSP groups. Study 1 comprised a sample of adults, mostly university students, matched on gender (N men = 548, N women = 548; total N = 1096). Study 2 was based on a sample consisting of a High (N = 164) and Low (N = 164) HSP group also matched on gender (N men = 82 and N women = 82 in both groups; total N = 328). There were no age differences between men and women in the two samples. Results from Study 1 showed a correlated three-factor solution: The first factor reflected excitability, easily aroused, negative emotional reactivity, frustration, avoidance of upsetting situations and childhood shyness. Factor 2 comprised low sensory threshold and sensory discomfort. Factor 3 captured intensity of aesthetic reactions, preoccupation with details in the environment, and socio-emotional sensitivity. Gender differences were found, women had elevated HSP scores on all scales, also when controlled for personality traits. Study 2 showed that the highly sensitive individuals had a unique personality trait profile compared to low sensitives. They had higher scores on neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, and lower scores on conscientiousness. There were no differences in extraversion i.e., there was no tendency towards introversion among the high sensitives.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41509938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2022.2093777
Janne Granås, Jennifer Strand, P. Sand
Abstract To explore the phenomenon of non-attendance for psychotherapy in psychiatric outpatient care for patients with affective disorders. Ten patients, seven women and three men, aged 25–51 years, agreed to participate in the study. The participants were recruited from a psychiatric outpatient clinic for patients with affective disorders at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. A semi-structured interview guide was used during the interviews, which were audiotaped, transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. All informants expressed concern that they had been absent from booked appointments. The main reason given was that the mental illness that caused the need for treatment also caused the absence. They expressed ambiguity about the goals and method of treatment and showed ambivalence regarding the possibility of being helped and achieving change. The participants also highlighted shortcomings in communication with the psychologist regarding their non-attendance. Four themes were generated: A vicious circle, Processes without direction, Ambivalence and Inadequate communication. The study shows that missed appointments have a negative effect on the treatment process. If the patient and the psychologist jointly decide to start psychotherapy, it is thus important that the psychologist promptly addresses the problem of missed appointments and takes a professional responsibility for limiting the risk of another failed attempt at psychotherapy. In some cases, it is necessary to consider whether psychotherapy is an appropriate form of treatment or not. Practitioner points The study shows the importance of a careful assessment phase, where questions about motivation, goals and previous experiences of missed appointments are examined. The informants were not able to raise the issue of missed appointments in a larger perspective; their but focus was rather on the current symptom burden. It is therefore the responsibility of the psychologist to raise the issue and maintain a dialogue about goals, direction and evaluation of the psychotherapy. The psychologist bears a professional responsibility to limit the risk of another failed attempt to provide psychotherapy.
{"title":"A patient perspective on non-attendance for psychotherapy in psychiatric outpatient care for patients with affective disorders","authors":"Janne Granås, Jennifer Strand, P. Sand","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2022.2093777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2022.2093777","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To explore the phenomenon of non-attendance for psychotherapy in psychiatric outpatient care for patients with affective disorders. Ten patients, seven women and three men, aged 25–51 years, agreed to participate in the study. The participants were recruited from a psychiatric outpatient clinic for patients with affective disorders at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. A semi-structured interview guide was used during the interviews, which were audiotaped, transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. All informants expressed concern that they had been absent from booked appointments. The main reason given was that the mental illness that caused the need for treatment also caused the absence. They expressed ambiguity about the goals and method of treatment and showed ambivalence regarding the possibility of being helped and achieving change. The participants also highlighted shortcomings in communication with the psychologist regarding their non-attendance. Four themes were generated: A vicious circle, Processes without direction, Ambivalence and Inadequate communication. The study shows that missed appointments have a negative effect on the treatment process. If the patient and the psychologist jointly decide to start psychotherapy, it is thus important that the psychologist promptly addresses the problem of missed appointments and takes a professional responsibility for limiting the risk of another failed attempt at psychotherapy. In some cases, it is necessary to consider whether psychotherapy is an appropriate form of treatment or not. Practitioner points The study shows the importance of a careful assessment phase, where questions about motivation, goals and previous experiences of missed appointments are examined. The informants were not able to raise the issue of missed appointments in a larger perspective; their but focus was rather on the current symptom burden. It is therefore the responsibility of the psychologist to raise the issue and maintain a dialogue about goals, direction and evaluation of the psychotherapy. The psychologist bears a professional responsibility to limit the risk of another failed attempt to provide psychotherapy.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43411041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2022.2093779
J. Bjørkvik, D. P. Quintero, K. Jensen, J. Virtanen
People with severe or long-term mental illness (SMI) have poorer oral health than the general population has, but little is known about how, to what extent, and in what ways oral health problems affect daily functioning, quality of life and well-being among people in this patient group. The present study investigated oral health and oral health-related quality of life for persons with SMI in Norway. The longitudinal clinical study targeted SMI patients with their age- and gender-matched control patients at a public dental clinic in Norway. SMI patients were recruited from an ambulatory team within community mental health services. Clinical examinations followed the WHO criteria. We used a validated Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) instrument to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The prevalence of oral impact (OIDP > 0) was 77 % among SMI patients and 22 % among the controls. More than 60 % of the SMI patients reported dif fi culties showing their teeth without embarrassment, compared to 5.5 % of the controls. The results suggest that shame is a key factor inhibiting patients faced with the need for dental treatment. Collaboration between dental and mental health professionals is therefore essential for this patient group to enjoy digni fi ed oral health and quality of life.
{"title":"Oral health and quality of life among people with severe or long-term mental illness: A call for interprofessional collaboration","authors":"J. Bjørkvik, D. P. Quintero, K. Jensen, J. Virtanen","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2022.2093779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2022.2093779","url":null,"abstract":"People with severe or long-term mental illness (SMI) have poorer oral health than the general population has, but little is known about how, to what extent, and in what ways oral health problems affect daily functioning, quality of life and well-being among people in this patient group. The present study investigated oral health and oral health-related quality of life for persons with SMI in Norway. The longitudinal clinical study targeted SMI patients with their age- and gender-matched control patients at a public dental clinic in Norway. SMI patients were recruited from an ambulatory team within community mental health services. Clinical examinations followed the WHO criteria. We used a validated Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) instrument to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The prevalence of oral impact (OIDP > 0) was 77 % among SMI patients and 22 % among the controls. More than 60 % of the SMI patients reported dif fi culties showing their teeth without embarrassment, compared to 5.5 % of the controls. The results suggest that shame is a key factor inhibiting patients faced with the need for dental treatment. Collaboration between dental and mental health professionals is therefore essential for this patient group to enjoy digni fi ed oral health and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44047906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2022.2124079
K. Nielsen
les of an entire cohort of Danish of fi cer cadets (n ¼ 190) and a large (n ¼ 1,568) Danish population-representative sample to explore a new network-organizational paradigm which has come to the fore in military leadership and of fi cer recruitment. By comparing of fi cer cadets to civilians using a three-level matching procedure, fi nding that the pool from which future military leaders are selected, the military cadets, are less neurotic, more extraverted and somewhat more conscientious than their civilian counterparts, traits which fi t with the core requirements of traditional military leadership. The results indicate that cadets are no less open or agreeable than their civilian peers, traits that are related to a balancing towards the network-organizational paradigm. In the fourth article of this issue “ Parent-child communication about emotions during SIBS - a joint intervention for siblings and parents of children with chronic disorders ” Yngvild Bjartveit Haukeland, Krister Westlye Fjermestad, Svein Mossige and Torun Marie Vatne examined parent-sibling communication during SIBS by describing: 1) Sibling-selected dialogue topics; 2) Parental responses to siblings ’ emo-tional expressions, and 3) Associations between responses and demographics and parental psychological distress. The results show that parents mostly provided space for further disclosure of siblings ’ experiences ( M ¼ 66.9%) and in average, 41.9% of parental responses were exploring, 16.4% were listening, and 8.5% were validating. In the fi fth and fi nal article “ Transgender and Gender Non-conforming People ’ s Adaptive Coping Responses to Minority Stress: A Framework Synthesis ” Greg Smith, Noelle Robertson and Sue Cotton apply the “ Minority Stress Model ” and sources of gender af fi rmation which both highlight the impact of social oppression and provide useful means to understand how TGNC (Transgender and gender nonconforming) people can develop their resilience and what may contribute to dif-ferent ways of coping. The article consists of a review, which sought to better understand TGNC individuals ’ opportunities for gender af fi rmation through their experiences of coping with minority stress. A systematic search yielded nine studies reporting qualitative data related to adaptive coping. The fi ndings in the article augment established models and con-cepts with the delineation of coping responses for TGNC individuals that can support gender af fi rmation and mitigate minority stress.
对整个丹麦军校学员(190名)和一个大型(1568名)丹麦人口代表性样本进行研究，以探索在军事领导和军官招募中脱颖而出的新的网络组织范式。通过对军校学员和文职人员进行三级匹配，发现未来军事领导人的选拔对象——军校学员比文职人员更少神经质、更外向、更有责任心，这些特征符合传统军事领导的核心要求。结果表明，军校学员的开放性和亲和性并不低于文职人员，这些特征与网络组织模式的平衡有关。在本期的第四篇文章“SIBS期间的亲子情绪沟通——对慢性障碍儿童的兄弟姐妹和父母的联合干预”中，Yngvild Bjartveit Haukeland, Krister Westlye Fjermestad, Svein Mossige和Torun Marie Vatne通过描述:1)兄弟姐妹选择的对话主题来研究SIBS期间的父母-兄弟姐妹沟通;2)父母对兄弟姐妹情绪表达的反应;3)反应与人口统计学和父母心理困扰的关系。结果表明，父母为进一步披露兄弟姐妹的经历提供了空间(占比66.9%)，平均41.9%的父母回答是探索性的，16.4%是倾听性的，8.5%是验证性的。fi fth和最终的文章“跨性别和性别不合格的人“年代适应性应对反应少数压力:一个框架合成”格雷格•史密斯诺艾尔罗伯逊和苏棉应用“少数应力模型”和性别来源af fi rmation突出社会压迫的影响和提供有用的方法来了解TGNC(变性和性别错位)人们可以开发他们的韧性和可能导致不同的应对方式。本文包括一篇综述，旨在通过TGNC个体应对少数民族压力的经历，更好地理解他们获得性别认同的机会。一项系统的搜索产生了九项报告与适应性应对相关的定性数据的研究。本文的研究结果补充了已有的模型和概念，描述了TGNC个体的应对反应，这些反应可以支持性别认同和减轻少数民族压力。
{"title":"Anxiety, trust, leadership, communication and stress","authors":"K. Nielsen","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2022.2124079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2022.2124079","url":null,"abstract":"les of an entire cohort of Danish of fi cer cadets (n ¼ 190) and a large (n ¼ 1,568) Danish population-representative sample to explore a new network-organizational paradigm which has come to the fore in military leadership and of fi cer recruitment. By comparing of fi cer cadets to civilians using a three-level matching procedure, fi nding that the pool from which future military leaders are selected, the military cadets, are less neurotic, more extraverted and somewhat more conscientious than their civilian counterparts, traits which fi t with the core requirements of traditional military leadership. The results indicate that cadets are no less open or agreeable than their civilian peers, traits that are related to a balancing towards the network-organizational paradigm. In the fourth article of this issue “ Parent-child communication about emotions during SIBS - a joint intervention for siblings and parents of children with chronic disorders ” Yngvild Bjartveit Haukeland, Krister Westlye Fjermestad, Svein Mossige and Torun Marie Vatne examined parent-sibling communication during SIBS by describing: 1) Sibling-selected dialogue topics; 2) Parental responses to siblings ’ emo-tional expressions, and 3) Associations between responses and demographics and parental psychological distress. The results show that parents mostly provided space for further disclosure of siblings ’ experiences ( M ¼ 66.9%) and in average, 41.9% of parental responses were exploring, 16.4% were listening, and 8.5% were validating. In the fi fth and fi nal article “ Transgender and Gender Non-conforming People ’ s Adaptive Coping Responses to Minority Stress: A Framework Synthesis ” Greg Smith, Noelle Robertson and Sue Cotton apply the “ Minority Stress Model ” and sources of gender af fi rmation which both highlight the impact of social oppression and provide useful means to understand how TGNC (Transgender and gender nonconforming) people can develop their resilience and what may contribute to dif-ferent ways of coping. The article consists of a review, which sought to better understand TGNC individuals ’ opportunities for gender af fi rmation through their experiences of coping with minority stress. A systematic search yielded nine studies reporting qualitative data related to adaptive coping. The fi ndings in the article augment established models and con-cepts with the delineation of coping responses for TGNC individuals that can support gender af fi rmation and mitigate minority stress.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"74 1","pages":"150 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41758128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2022.2094823
M. Sedlár
Abstract Limited research has been conducted to better understand the trait predictors of trust in strangers and friends. Therefore, the current study aims to fill this gap and examine whether agreeableness and open-mindedness are indirectly related to trust in strangers and friends via self-focused and other-focused perspective taking, and subsequently via trustworthiness. A convenience sample of 217 Slovaks aged 20–37 years completed self-report scales measuring agreeableness, open-mindedness, self-focused perspective taking, other-focused perspective taking, trustworthiness of strangers, trustworthiness of friends, trust in strangers, and trust in friends. Indirect effects analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The results revealed that agreeableness and open-mindedness were indirectly related to trust in strangers via either self-focused perspective taking or via other-focused perspective taking, and then via trustworthiness of strangers. Importantly, indirect relationships via other-focused perspective taking were negative, while an indirect relationship via self-focused perspective taking was positive. Additionally, agreeableness showed a direct relationship with trust in friends, and indirect relationships with trust in both strangers and friends only via trustworthiness. These findings imply that investigated trait factors play roles in trust in strangers and friends, although many of these factors seem crucial concerning trust in strangers; they also point out the significance of distinguishing different forms of perspective taking with different antecedents and consequences.
{"title":"Trust in strangers and friends: The roles of agreeableness, open-mindedness, perspective taking, and trustworthiness","authors":"M. Sedlár","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2022.2094823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2022.2094823","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Limited research has been conducted to better understand the trait predictors of trust in strangers and friends. Therefore, the current study aims to fill this gap and examine whether agreeableness and open-mindedness are indirectly related to trust in strangers and friends via self-focused and other-focused perspective taking, and subsequently via trustworthiness. A convenience sample of 217 Slovaks aged 20–37 years completed self-report scales measuring agreeableness, open-mindedness, self-focused perspective taking, other-focused perspective taking, trustworthiness of strangers, trustworthiness of friends, trust in strangers, and trust in friends. Indirect effects analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The results revealed that agreeableness and open-mindedness were indirectly related to trust in strangers via either self-focused perspective taking or via other-focused perspective taking, and then via trustworthiness of strangers. Importantly, indirect relationships via other-focused perspective taking were negative, while an indirect relationship via self-focused perspective taking was positive. Additionally, agreeableness showed a direct relationship with trust in friends, and indirect relationships with trust in both strangers and friends only via trustworthiness. These findings imply that investigated trait factors play roles in trust in strangers and friends, although many of these factors seem crucial concerning trust in strangers; they also point out the significance of distinguishing different forms of perspective taking with different antecedents and consequences.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"295 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47430521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2022.2085160
Noora Hyysalo, M. Sorsa, M. Flykt
Abstract Maternal substance misuse affects caregiving, which influences children’s coping skills. However, little is known about how children of mothers with substance misuse describe their coping in stressful situations. We studied coping and caregiver support among 29 children 4 years of age recruited from a children’s health clinic serving families with maternal substance misuse in Finland. Children completed a revised Attachment Story Completion Task that we examined with qualitative content analysis. We identified children’s experiences with coping in stressful situations with optimal and non-optimal caregiver support. Experiences with optimal caregiver support included (a) empathy, (b) solicitude, (c) intimacy, (d) reassurance, (e) being a role model, (f) concrete help, and (g) shared joy. Ones with non-optimal caregiver support included (a) punishment, (b) abandonment, (c) unresponsiveness, (d) physical aggression, (e) aggressive protection, and (f) parentification. Children’s strategies for coping without caregiver involvement were (a) magic, (b) avoidance, (c) inappropriate laughing, (d) self-reliance, or (e) a lack of strategy. Our findings highlight that preschool children of mothers with substance misuse employ various coping strategies in stressful situations that either include caregiver support or indicate non-optimal support. Children also tended to use maladaptive coping strategies when a caregiver was not involved. Understanding children’s coping with stress in families with maternal substance misuse is essential to supporting their socioemotional development and providing adequate interventions.
{"title":"Preschool children’s coping and caregiver support in families with maternal substance misuse: A qualitative study","authors":"Noora Hyysalo, M. Sorsa, M. Flykt","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2022.2085160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2022.2085160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Maternal substance misuse affects caregiving, which influences children’s coping skills. However, little is known about how children of mothers with substance misuse describe their coping in stressful situations. We studied coping and caregiver support among 29 children 4 years of age recruited from a children’s health clinic serving families with maternal substance misuse in Finland. Children completed a revised Attachment Story Completion Task that we examined with qualitative content analysis. We identified children’s experiences with coping in stressful situations with optimal and non-optimal caregiver support. Experiences with optimal caregiver support included (a) empathy, (b) solicitude, (c) intimacy, (d) reassurance, (e) being a role model, (f) concrete help, and (g) shared joy. Ones with non-optimal caregiver support included (a) punishment, (b) abandonment, (c) unresponsiveness, (d) physical aggression, (e) aggressive protection, and (f) parentification. Children’s strategies for coping without caregiver involvement were (a) magic, (b) avoidance, (c) inappropriate laughing, (d) self-reliance, or (e) a lack of strategy. Our findings highlight that preschool children of mothers with substance misuse employ various coping strategies in stressful situations that either include caregiver support or indicate non-optimal support. Children also tended to use maladaptive coping strategies when a caregiver was not involved. Understanding children’s coping with stress in families with maternal substance misuse is essential to supporting their socioemotional development and providing adequate interventions.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"273 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43810329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-07DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2022.2078993
F. Penner, L. Bowersox, Jacob Leavitt, C. Sharp
Abstract Personality disorders are a major public health concern that onset during adolescence and young adulthood. There has been a recent interest in studying the role of positive psychology constructs in personality pathology. A positive psychology construct that has been tested in conjunction with normative personality traits, but not yet maladaptive personality traits, is intellectual humility (IH). Evaluating links between IH and maladaptive personality traits would advance prior research and could also inform new prevention and intervention strategies for personality pathology, as well as increase clinical applications for IH. The current study therefore aimed to examine associations between IH and the five maladaptive traits outlined in the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders from Section III of the DSM-5: negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. The sample included 897 young adults between the ages of 18–25 (79.8% female), who completed the five-factor Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and the three-factor Intellectual Humility Scale as part of a cross-sectional online study. Five hierarchical regression models were evaluated. All five maladaptive traits were significantly and inversely predicted by at least one of the three IH domains, over and above age and gender. Relative to the other maladaptive traits, antagonism had the greatest amount of variability explained (23.7%) by IH factors (compared to the 4–10% variance explained in the other traits). Clinical implications, particularly for personality disorders that involve antagonism, and future research directions are discussed.
{"title":"A preliminary investigation of intellectual humility as a protective factor for maladaptive personality traits","authors":"F. Penner, L. Bowersox, Jacob Leavitt, C. Sharp","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2022.2078993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2022.2078993","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Personality disorders are a major public health concern that onset during adolescence and young adulthood. There has been a recent interest in studying the role of positive psychology constructs in personality pathology. A positive psychology construct that has been tested in conjunction with normative personality traits, but not yet maladaptive personality traits, is intellectual humility (IH). Evaluating links between IH and maladaptive personality traits would advance prior research and could also inform new prevention and intervention strategies for personality pathology, as well as increase clinical applications for IH. The current study therefore aimed to examine associations between IH and the five maladaptive traits outlined in the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders from Section III of the DSM-5: negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. The sample included 897 young adults between the ages of 18–25 (79.8% female), who completed the five-factor Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and the three-factor Intellectual Humility Scale as part of a cross-sectional online study. Five hierarchical regression models were evaluated. All five maladaptive traits were significantly and inversely predicted by at least one of the three IH domains, over and above age and gender. Relative to the other maladaptive traits, antagonism had the greatest amount of variability explained (23.7%) by IH factors (compared to the 4–10% variance explained in the other traits). Clinical implications, particularly for personality disorders that involve antagonism, and future research directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"227 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44040712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06Epub Date: 2022-05-11DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220445
Véronique Dartois, Thomas Dick
Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is treated with multiple repurposed drugs. Chemotherapy is long and often toxic, includes parenteral drugs, and suffers from poor cure rates. There is an urgent need for more efficacious, tolerated, and oral antibiotics optimized towards the treatment of NTM-PD, adapted to the spectrum of disease. In contrast to the empty NTM pipeline, drug development for the related tuberculosis lung disease has experienced a renaissance. Here, we argue that applying lessons learned from tuberculosis will facilitate the discovery of curative oral regimens for NTM-PD.
{"title":"Drug development challenges in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease: TB to the rescue.","authors":"Véronique Dartois, Thomas Dick","doi":"10.1084/jem.20220445","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20220445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is treated with multiple repurposed drugs. Chemotherapy is long and often toxic, includes parenteral drugs, and suffers from poor cure rates. There is an urgent need for more efficacious, tolerated, and oral antibiotics optimized towards the treatment of NTM-PD, adapted to the spectrum of disease. In contrast to the empty NTM pipeline, drug development for the related tuberculosis lung disease has experienced a renaissance. Here, we argue that applying lessons learned from tuberculosis will facilitate the discovery of curative oral regimens for NTM-PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9098649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79154106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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