Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2044894
Laurie Keough
{"title":"Attunement in expressive arts therapy: Toward an understanding of embodied empathy (2nd edition)","authors":"Laurie Keough","doi":"10.1080/08098131.2022.2044894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2022.2044894","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51826,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48028094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2062647
(2022). Upcoming events. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy: Vol. 31, Online Delivery of Music Therapy, pp. 273-273.
(2022)。即将到来的事件。北欧音乐治疗杂志:第31卷，在线音乐治疗交付，第273-273页。
{"title":"Upcoming events","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/08098131.2022.2062647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2022.2062647","url":null,"abstract":"(2022). Upcoming events. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy: Vol. 31, Online Delivery of Music Therapy, pp. 273-273.","PeriodicalId":51826,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138494735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Introduction As a complex phenomenon, musical improvisation can be addressed from the perspective of different disciplines. In music therapy, improvisation is a central practice; however, as a technique, it lacks methodological guidelines and scientific evidence justifying its use. The aim of this study was to investigate the social interaction features that emerge during group musical improvisation. We conducted a mixed methods study with an exploratory sequential design comparing improvisation and imitation tasks, performed by groups of younger and older adults, separately, by generating and analyzing six categories of nonverbal communication and social interaction. Method Younger (n = 131) and older adults (n = 110) participated in one of two types of music activities: group musical improvisation or group rhythmic imitation. Eight group musical improvisation tasks – as implemented in music therapy settings – were compared with eight group rhythmic imitation tasks, according to six categories of analysis: visual contact, body movement, type of production, music interaction, vocal aspect, and leadership. Results Statistical analysis using a Chi-square test (χ2) showed greater social interaction among the participants of the improvisation groups than among those in the rhythmic imitation groups, in both age ranges. Conclusion Our results provide specific evidence for this type of music task and a complementary approach to musical improvisation analysis, contributing to the knowledge of music therapy.
{"title":"Musical improvisation: A mixed methods study on social interactions in younger and older adults","authors":"Verónika Diaz Abrahan, Nadia Justel, Favio Shifres","doi":"10.1080/08098131.2022.2055115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2022.2055115","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction As a complex phenomenon, musical improvisation can be addressed from the perspective of different disciplines. In music therapy, improvisation is a central practice; however, as a technique, it lacks methodological guidelines and scientific evidence justifying its use. The aim of this study was to investigate the social interaction features that emerge during group musical improvisation. We conducted a mixed methods study with an exploratory sequential design comparing improvisation and imitation tasks, performed by groups of younger and older adults, separately, by generating and analyzing six categories of nonverbal communication and social interaction. Method Younger (n = 131) and older adults (n = 110) participated in one of two types of music activities: group musical improvisation or group rhythmic imitation. Eight group musical improvisation tasks – as implemented in music therapy settings – were compared with eight group rhythmic imitation tasks, according to six categories of analysis: visual contact, body movement, type of production, music interaction, vocal aspect, and leadership. Results Statistical analysis using a Chi-square test (χ2) showed greater social interaction among the participants of the improvisation groups than among those in the rhythmic imitation groups, in both age ranges. Conclusion Our results provide specific evidence for this type of music task and a complementary approach to musical improvisation analysis, contributing to the knowledge of music therapy.","PeriodicalId":51826,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49319523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2055114
Guro Parr Klyve, Randi Rolvsjord
ABSTRACT Introduction Mental health issues in children involve complexities and life challenges for the child and their families. Music therapy as part of treatment in mental health care focuses on interaction and communication through music, with emphasis on the children’s resources. There is a small, but growing amount of research in the field of music therapy with children in mental health care. Method This qualitative study explored children’s own experiences of music therapy in mental health care at the hospital. This was done through a multiple case study design, including semi-structured interviews with seven children and participant observations. A narrative approach informed by “portraiture” was used in the analysis process in order to highlight non-dominant experiences and allow for multiple modalities in the analysis and in the presentation of findings. Findings The children’s experiences were expressed through various modalities. These were displayed through narratives representing the core of the interview with each particular child. The word fun became a prominent emerging theme across the cases. Discussion In the children’s expressions, the word fun seemed to be a container of experiences, with rich variations and multiple meanings. Through a thorough attention to this word and the children’s actions before, after and while they spoke, multidimensional meanings of the word emerged. Through listening to the children’s own experiences, fun proved to be an essential part of music therapy in mental health care with children, not as mere entertainment, but as something of existential importance and with great therapeutic potentials.
{"title":"Moments of fun: Narratives of children’s experiences of music therapy in mental health care","authors":"Guro Parr Klyve, Randi Rolvsjord","doi":"10.1080/08098131.2022.2055114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2022.2055114","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Mental health issues in children involve complexities and life challenges for the child and their families. Music therapy as part of treatment in mental health care focuses on interaction and communication through music, with emphasis on the children’s resources. There is a small, but growing amount of research in the field of music therapy with children in mental health care. Method This qualitative study explored children’s own experiences of music therapy in mental health care at the hospital. This was done through a multiple case study design, including semi-structured interviews with seven children and participant observations. A narrative approach informed by “portraiture” was used in the analysis process in order to highlight non-dominant experiences and allow for multiple modalities in the analysis and in the presentation of findings. Findings The children’s experiences were expressed through various modalities. These were displayed through narratives representing the core of the interview with each particular child. The word fun became a prominent emerging theme across the cases. Discussion In the children’s expressions, the word fun seemed to be a container of experiences, with rich variations and multiple meanings. Through a thorough attention to this word and the children’s actions before, after and while they spoke, multidimensional meanings of the word emerged. Through listening to the children’s own experiences, fun proved to be an essential part of music therapy in mental health care with children, not as mere entertainment, but as something of existential importance and with great therapeutic potentials.","PeriodicalId":51826,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46134468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2044893
Laura Blauth, A. Oldfield
ABSTRACT Introduction This article describes a retrospective research evaluation of data generated within the international music therapy trial TIME-A. In this retrospective evaluation, the main objective was to investigate the effects of individual music therapy sessions on resilience in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method Video excerpts of individual music therapy sessions over a period of five months with 13 children between the ages of four and six with ASD were analysed. Six children received weekly music therapy sessions and seven children received music therapy sessions three times a week. An improvisational music therapy model was used. Short sections of music therapy session videos were selected for microanalysis. A five-second time sampling method was used. For every five-second interval, observed behaviour indicative of resilience was documented using video annotation software. Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were chosen for the statistical analysis. Results Out of the 11 response variables, seven yielded a significant p-value in the full-null model comparison. Intrapersonal protective resilience factors, such as the ability to express emotions, awareness of others and goal-directed behaviour were strengthened by music therapy. In addition, treatment intensity had a significant effect on one variable and verbal ability a significant effect on four variables. Discussion Results suggest that music therapy enhances the likelihood of resilience in young children with ASD. The importance of increasing resilience for children with ASD rather than reducing symptoms is emphasised. GLMM models of statistical analysis are recommended for future music therapy research.
{"title":"Research into increasing resilience in children with autism through music therapy: Statistical analysis of video data","authors":"Laura Blauth, A. Oldfield","doi":"10.1080/08098131.2022.2044893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2022.2044893","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction This article describes a retrospective research evaluation of data generated within the international music therapy trial TIME-A. In this retrospective evaluation, the main objective was to investigate the effects of individual music therapy sessions on resilience in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method Video excerpts of individual music therapy sessions over a period of five months with 13 children between the ages of four and six with ASD were analysed. Six children received weekly music therapy sessions and seven children received music therapy sessions three times a week. An improvisational music therapy model was used. Short sections of music therapy session videos were selected for microanalysis. A five-second time sampling method was used. For every five-second interval, observed behaviour indicative of resilience was documented using video annotation software. Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were chosen for the statistical analysis. Results Out of the 11 response variables, seven yielded a significant p-value in the full-null model comparison. Intrapersonal protective resilience factors, such as the ability to express emotions, awareness of others and goal-directed behaviour were strengthened by music therapy. In addition, treatment intensity had a significant effect on one variable and verbal ability a significant effect on four variables. Discussion Results suggest that music therapy enhances the likelihood of resilience in young children with ASD. The importance of increasing resilience for children with ASD rather than reducing symptoms is emphasised. GLMM models of statistical analysis are recommended for future music therapy research.","PeriodicalId":51826,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47697949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2053874
Laurel Young
{"title":"Ethical thinking in music therapy. Second edition","authors":"Laurel Young","doi":"10.1080/08098131.2022.2053874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2022.2053874","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51826,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43124296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2046628
Mathieu Pater, M. Spreen, T. Yperen
ABSTRACT Introduction In a previously published multiple case study in which 10 children on the autism spectrum were offered the “Papageno Music Therapy Program” (PMTP), a favorable development was found with regard to social interaction. As an extension of our previous study, we investigate if the progress can also be observed in a larger group, and whether these developments are generalized to other situations. Method A non-experimental, pre-post measurement, multiple-informant design was used to monitor the development of these children in different social contexts. The observers were therapists, parents, family members and teachers. Forty children were observed over a 20-week period. Results The study shows an improvement in the social interaction of children on the autism spectrum and supports the findings of our previous 10 children multiple case study. The agreement between the different informants was high. The Reliable Change Index (RCI), which examined the results at an individual level, confirmed a positive improvement for more than 32 participants (RCI > 1.96). All the informants saw progress, so it seemed that the development was also generalized to other situations. Conclusion This study confirmed earlier research into the effects of PMTP on this group: Improvements in social interaction were visible during the course of the therapy. Informants observed this improvement not only within, but also outside the therapeutic setting. Overall, there were sufficient indications for PMTP having a positive effect on social behavior that warrant further evaluation through a controlled study.
{"title":"Music therapy for children on the autism spectrum: Improved social interaction observed by multiple informants across different social contexts","authors":"Mathieu Pater, M. Spreen, T. Yperen","doi":"10.1080/08098131.2022.2046628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2022.2046628","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction In a previously published multiple case study in which 10 children on the autism spectrum were offered the “Papageno Music Therapy Program” (PMTP), a favorable development was found with regard to social interaction. As an extension of our previous study, we investigate if the progress can also be observed in a larger group, and whether these developments are generalized to other situations. Method A non-experimental, pre-post measurement, multiple-informant design was used to monitor the development of these children in different social contexts. The observers were therapists, parents, family members and teachers. Forty children were observed over a 20-week period. Results The study shows an improvement in the social interaction of children on the autism spectrum and supports the findings of our previous 10 children multiple case study. The agreement between the different informants was high. The Reliable Change Index (RCI), which examined the results at an individual level, confirmed a positive improvement for more than 32 participants (RCI > 1.96). All the informants saw progress, so it seemed that the development was also generalized to other situations. Conclusion This study confirmed earlier research into the effects of PMTP on this group: Improvements in social interaction were visible during the course of the therapy. Informants observed this improvement not only within, but also outside the therapeutic setting. Overall, there were sufficient indications for PMTP having a positive effect on social behavior that warrant further evaluation through a controlled study.","PeriodicalId":51826,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48347832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2049352
Lori F Gooding, Jessica Rushing
ABSTRACT Introduction The coronavirus pandemic began to spread in the United States in March of 2020. Concerns about the virus prompted widespread restrictions at higher education institutions, which resulted in a sudden shift to remote learning. Though music therapy education integrated online components prior to the pandemic, few courses were mostly or completely online. Consequently, the unexpected transition to remote learning presented challenges for both music therapy faculty and students. Among these challenges was the impact of the pandemic on clinical training, as pandemic restrictions limited in-person contact and prompted music therapists to shift to telepractice. These changes in service delivery also prompted changes in clinical training, leaving some music therapy faculty to simultaneously learn, teach, and supervise telepractice. However, many music therapy educators had little experience with telepractice, and information was limited on teletraining and supervision. Method In this article, we present two case examples of music therapy training/supervision practices in the United States. We outline how we developed these practices for individual and group-based clinical teletraining for pre-intern music therapy students. Results Included are strategies related to technology, music interventions, and pre-internship supervision, along with the frameworks that supported our decisions as we developed the teletraining and supervision models. Discussion The information presented in these case examples highlights the need for effective teletraining and supervision strategies to help students acquire music therapy competencies remotely. We hope the lessons we learned will help others generate innovative ideas and methods for remote learning, particularly in relation to clinical training.
{"title":"Clinical teletraining in music therapy: Two educators’ perspectives","authors":"Lori F Gooding, Jessica Rushing","doi":"10.1080/08098131.2022.2049352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2022.2049352","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction The coronavirus pandemic began to spread in the United States in March of 2020. Concerns about the virus prompted widespread restrictions at higher education institutions, which resulted in a sudden shift to remote learning. Though music therapy education integrated online components prior to the pandemic, few courses were mostly or completely online. Consequently, the unexpected transition to remote learning presented challenges for both music therapy faculty and students. Among these challenges was the impact of the pandemic on clinical training, as pandemic restrictions limited in-person contact and prompted music therapists to shift to telepractice. These changes in service delivery also prompted changes in clinical training, leaving some music therapy faculty to simultaneously learn, teach, and supervise telepractice. However, many music therapy educators had little experience with telepractice, and information was limited on teletraining and supervision. Method In this article, we present two case examples of music therapy training/supervision practices in the United States. We outline how we developed these practices for individual and group-based clinical teletraining for pre-intern music therapy students. Results Included are strategies related to technology, music interventions, and pre-internship supervision, along with the frameworks that supported our decisions as we developed the teletraining and supervision models. Discussion The information presented in these case examples highlights the need for effective teletraining and supervision strategies to help students acquire music therapy competencies remotely. We hope the lessons we learned will help others generate innovative ideas and methods for remote learning, particularly in relation to clinical training.","PeriodicalId":51826,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48440568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2036393
J. Bradt
Developing, piloting, evaluating, reporting and implementing a complex intervention can be a lengthy process. All of the stages are important, and too strong a focus on the main evaluation, to the neglect of adequate development and piloting work, or proper consideration of the practical issues of implementation, will result in weaker interventions, that are harder to evaluate, less likely to be implemented and less likely to be worth implementing. (Craig et al., 2021, p. 4)
{"title":"The research pipeline","authors":"J. Bradt","doi":"10.1080/08098131.2022.2036393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2022.2036393","url":null,"abstract":"Developing, piloting, evaluating, reporting and implementing a complex intervention can be a lengthy process. All of the stages are important, and too strong a focus on the main evaluation, to the neglect of adequate development and piloting work, or proper consideration of the practical issues of implementation, will result in weaker interventions, that are harder to evaluate, less likely to be implemented and less likely to be worth implementing. (Craig et al., 2021, p. 4)","PeriodicalId":51826,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45474139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2030915
POSTPONED: 10th Nordic Music Therapy Congress Title/theme: Music Therapy – Adapting Approaches for Health Place: Helsinki, Finland Time: Postponed to April 28-30, 2022 Organisers: Helsinki University Hospital, Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Finnish Society for Music Therapy, and University of Jyväskylä, Finland Web: https://www.jyu.fi/hytk/fi/laitokset/mutku/en/research/confer ences/10-nordic-music-therapy-conference
{"title":"Upcoming events","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/08098131.2022.2030915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2022.2030915","url":null,"abstract":"POSTPONED: 10th Nordic Music Therapy Congress Title/theme: Music Therapy – Adapting Approaches for Health Place: Helsinki, Finland Time: Postponed to April 28-30, 2022 Organisers: Helsinki University Hospital, Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Finnish Society for Music Therapy, and University of Jyväskylä, Finland Web: https://www.jyu.fi/hytk/fi/laitokset/mutku/en/research/confer ences/10-nordic-music-therapy-conference","PeriodicalId":51826,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46167007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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