Archaeological Research in Asia最新文献

英文中文

Formidable fortress: Historical cliff-top settlement and the role of Kisar Island in the Indo-Malaya trade network

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100594

Hendri A.F. Kaharudin , Destario Metusala , Ati Rati Hidayah , Nugroho Purwono , Hafizhuddin

Kisar, a small limestone island in southeastern Indonesia, holds archaeological evidence of human habitation extending back to the Late Pleistocene. Among its significant sites, Negeri Lama Purpura stands out as the largest fortification on the island. First occupied in the 14th to 15th centuries CE, the site exemplifies the strategic use of elevated locations for coastal defense and visibility. This early occupation, preceding European colonial expansion, indicates that security concerns were already prominent before the rise of the spice and slave trade. The transition from small band societies to more complex village communities in Island Southeast Asia during the 11th to 15th centuries likely stemmed from climatic factors and the growth of regional trade networks. Kisar's historical challenges, including overpopulation, drought, and deforestation, were exacerbated by limited natural resources. Despite these constraints, its strategic location—north of Timor and between the Lesser Sunda and Maluku Islands—enabled it to flourish as a regional trade hub and center for cultural exchange. Artefacts such as pottery, ceramics, and Indo-Pacific glass beads from Negeri Lama Purpura highlight Kisar's integration into regional and global maritime trade networks.

{"title":"Formidable fortress: Historical cliff-top settlement and the role of Kisar Island in the Indo-Malaya trade network","authors":"Hendri A.F. Kaharudin , Destario Metusala , Ati Rati Hidayah , Nugroho Purwono , Hafizhuddin","doi":"10.1016/j.ara.2025.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ara.2025.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kisar, a small limestone island in southeastern Indonesia, holds archaeological evidence of human habitation extending back to the Late Pleistocene. Among its significant sites, Negeri Lama Purpura stands out as the largest fortification on the island. First occupied in the 14th to 15th centuries CE, the site exemplifies the strategic use of elevated locations for coastal defense and visibility. This early occupation, preceding European colonial expansion, indicates that security concerns were already prominent before the rise of the spice and slave trade. The transition from small band societies to more complex village communities in Island Southeast Asia during the 11th to 15th centuries likely stemmed from climatic factors and the growth of regional trade networks. Kisar's historical challenges, including overpopulation, drought, and deforestation, were exacerbated by limited natural resources. Despite these constraints, its strategic location—north of Timor and between the Lesser Sunda and Maluku Islands—enabled it to flourish as a regional trade hub and center for cultural exchange. Artefacts such as pottery, ceramics, and Indo-Pacific glass beads from Negeri Lama Purpura highlight Kisar's integration into regional and global maritime trade networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51847,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Research in Asia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The origins of pottery technology and its connection with house-building technology in the Zagros Mountains (Western Asia)

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2024.100588

Natalia Petrova , Anna Babenko , Hojjat Darabi , Tobias Richter

The earliest finds of clay vessels fragments in Western Asia date back to the end of the 10th millennium BCEE. They have already been present at the site Ganj Dareh in the Central Zagros no later than the end of 9th millennium BCEE. The purpose of our research is to look for possible specific ways that led to the emergence of pottery technology in the Central Zagros region. For this, we carried out technological and spherulite analyzes on clay vessels and building fragments from Ganj Dareh. Our research suggests that there is a strong similarity between the methods used to produce the earliest pottery and those used in the construction of buildings in the Zagros region (and probably Western Asia as whole). Our analysis also confirmed the presence of dung in both the pottery paste of clay vessels and clay elements used in construction activities. This provides further evidence for the early onset of animal herding in this region (Zeder and Hesse, 2000; Daly et al., 2021), as well as evidence for the effective use a wide range of products related to the exploitation of animals. In general, the origin of pottery is undoubtedly a local invention and is associated with a wide range of different skills that the population of Western Asia possessed in previous periods (domestication of animals and plants, technologies associated with the construction of dwellings and economic structures, and technologies for the use of fire).

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引用次数: 0

Halaf and Late Chalcolithic occupations at Shakar Tepe in the Shahrizor Plain, Iraqi Kurdistan: Preliminary report of the 2023 excavations

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100592

Takahiro Odaka , Osamu Maeda , Takehiro Miki , Yuichi S. Hayakawa , Yu Itahashi , Masanori Oda , Rawa K. Salih , Hussein Hama Gharib

The Shahrizor Plain is one of the ideal fields for tracking the transition from Neolithic village life in the Fertile Crescent to Urbanisation which occurred in Mesopotamia because of its geographical location connecting the mountainside valleys along the Zagros and the downstream Diyala River that flows into the Tigris. Our field project aims to obtain archaeological materials to unveil this process. Following the first excavations at Shakar Tepe conducted in 2019, we excavated two additional areas at this site in 2023, including one of the three satellite mounds that were newly identified around the main mound. The cultural remains of the Late Halaf settlement uncovered from Operation B at Shakar Tepe II date back to approximately 5600–5400 calBC. On the other hand, Operation C at Shakar Tepe I yielded a thick deposit of the Late Chalcolithic occupations dated to ca. 3800–3600 calBC. The recovered materials fill the time ranges in the late prehistoric chronology of the site and will contribute to our understanding of the historical role of this region in the transition from Neolithisation to Urbanisation.

{"title":"Halaf and Late Chalcolithic occupations at Shakar Tepe in the Shahrizor Plain, Iraqi Kurdistan: Preliminary report of the 2023 excavations","authors":"Takahiro Odaka , Osamu Maeda , Takehiro Miki , Yuichi S. Hayakawa , Yu Itahashi , Masanori Oda , Rawa K. Salih , Hussein Hama Gharib","doi":"10.1016/j.ara.2025.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ara.2025.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shahrizor Plain is one of the ideal fields for tracking the transition from Neolithic village life in the Fertile Crescent to Urbanisation which occurred in Mesopotamia because of its geographical location connecting the mountainside valleys along the Zagros and the downstream Diyala River that flows into the Tigris. Our field project aims to obtain archaeological materials to unveil this process. Following the first excavations at Shakar Tepe conducted in 2019, we excavated two additional areas at this site in 2023, including one of the three satellite mounds that were newly identified around the main mound. The cultural remains of the Late Halaf settlement uncovered from Operation B at Shakar Tepe II date back to approximately 5600–5400 calBC. On the other hand, Operation C at Shakar Tepe I yielded a thick deposit of the Late Chalcolithic occupations dated to ca. 3800–3600 calBC. The recovered materials fill the time ranges in the late prehistoric chronology of the site and will contribute to our understanding of the historical role of this region in the transition from Neolithisation to Urbanisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51847,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Research in Asia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human diet and lifeways during late Bronze and early Iron age (pre-empire of Xiongnu time) of Western Transbaikalia: Reconstruction by С-N isotopes

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100593

A.M. Khubanova , V.B. Khubanov , D.A. Miyagashev , Ya.V. Dikiy , B.A. Bazarov , O.V. Savchuk , I.V. Smoleva

Western Transbaikalia is the northern edge of the Eastern steppes zone. Archeological sites of the Late Bronze Age in Western Transbaikalia, which was the peripheral zone of the expansion of the tribes of Late Bronze Age – Early Iron Age (ca. 1300-300 BCE) is affiliated with Khirigsuur and Slab Grave cultures, the economic basis for them was pastoralism. Here, we reveal the diet and lifeways of the population of the Khirigsuur and Slab Grave cultures in Western Transbaikalia by analyzing carbon and nitrogen isotopes of bone collagen from human and animal remains from the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age archaeological complexes of Western Transbaikalia. The results of our study showed that Khirigsuur and Slab Grave cultures population practiced the husbandry of domesticated livestock. We identified that by the Xiongnu period (ca. 200 BCE – 250 CE) the dietary trend of the population diversified: in addition to meat and dairy products it included crops and freshwater fish. The isotopic characteristics of herbivorous domestic animals indicated that their feeding during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age and Xiongnu time in Western Transbaikalia were similar.

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引用次数: 0

Architecture in Kharaysin from the late PPNA to the middle PPNB

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2024.100584

Juan José Ibáñez , Juan Muñiz , Luis Teira , Eneko Iriarte , Amaia Arranz-Otaegui , Carolyne Douché , Lionel Gourichon

The study of the architectural remains discovered at the Early Neolithic site of Kharaysin (Zarqa, Jordan) casts light on the evolution of building techniques in the Jordan Highlands from the late 10th millennium, at the end of the PPNA, to the mid-8th millennium cal BC, during the Middle PPNB. Five main architectural levels are identified. Oval sunken dwellings were built at the end of 10th and the beginning of the 9th millennia cal BC. In ca. 8800 cal BC, important changes are observed in a transitional period, with the first indications of square architecture, the use of lime plaster floors and the construction of large rooms (30m²). In 8400–8300 cal BC, during the Early PPNB, square agglomerated houses with rounded corners and lime plaster floors were built, though one of the dwellings, probably with special symbolic meaning, is perfectly square in shape. At the end of the 9th millennium, extended square houses start to be the standard architecture at the site, as can be observed all over the Fertile Crescent during the PPNB. Ca. 7800 cal BC, lines of square houses were built in parallel rows, perpendicular to the natural slope, as it is also observed in ´Ain Ghazal.

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引用次数: 0

Paradise on Earth: The Sasanian Royal Garden at Qaṣr-e Šīrīn, Western Iran

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100591

Yousef Moradi

Scholarly discussions about the Sasanian monumental building complex at Qaṣr-e Šīrīn have been ongoing since the 19th century, yet the Royal Garden of this complex has received relatively little attention. This article aims to bridge this scholarly gap by presenting fresh insights into the geometric layout and internal configuration of this walled garden and its associated buildings. Drawing upon recent archaeological excavations, field reconnaissance, and analysis of aerial photographic records, I discuss how this enclosed garden served not only as a setting for pleasurable retreats and imperial hunting expeditions but also as a multifunctional imperial space, which hosted various activities, ranging from official assemblies and political demonstrations to religious ceremonies and grand festivals. I suggest that imperial authorities likely commissioned the construction of this garden to project a strong message of power to affirm their political legitimacy. The juxtaposition of the Zoroastrian fire temple and the palace within the premises of the Royal Garden served as a compelling visual narrative, reinforcing the idea that kingship and religion were inherently intertwined.

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引用次数: 0

Properties of Roman structural mortars in the province of Asia (Turkey)

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2024.100590

Burcu Taşcı , Hasan Böke

In this study, the properties of Roman structural mortars composed of lime and natural aggregates from twenty-three archaeological sites in Western Anatolia were determined in order to understand whether there was a common production technology of lime mortars in the Roman Empire by making a comparison between Europe and Western Anatolia. Their basic physical and mechanical properties, raw material compositions, microstructural and hydraulic properties, mineralogical and chemical compositions of their lime binder and fine aggregates were identified by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis analyses, bulk density, total porosity and compressive strength of mortars. The results indicated that these mortars mortars were produced by combining fat or lean lime with coarse aggregates (quartz, tuff) and predominantly fine pozzolanic rhyolitic and dacitic tuff aggregates. The lime/aggregate ratios of the mortars generally exhibited a range of values between 1:4 and 1.5:1 by weight, which closely paralleled the lime/aggregate ratios in other Roman mortars published in literature. The presence of lime lumps within the mortar matrices, exhibiting a spongy texture, may suggest the use of the hot lime mixing method in the preparation of the mortars. The mortars are hydraulic, possessing compressive strengths comparable to those observed in natural hydraulic lime mortars (NHL2, NHL3.5 and NHL5 types). The results indicate that the production of structural mortars in the province of Asia was similar to that in other regions of the Roman Empire, although the raw materials are similar, small differences in raw material composition could be due to the use of local raw material sources. This may be evidence of a common lime mortar technology that deliberately used pozzolanic aggregates with almost pure lime throughout the Roman Empire.

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引用次数: 0

Russet-coated painted ware pottery: The potential chronological, social, and economic significance of a poorly-understood south Indian ceramic type

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2024.100589

C.S. Ambily, Kathleen D. Morrison

Russet-Coated Painted Ware (RCPW) is a distinctive ceramic ware found predominantly across the Deccan and southern regions of India. Noteworthy as one of the few painted ceramic wares in this region and for its presumed role as a chronological indicator of the Early Historic period, important questions about RCPW nevertheless remain. There is at present no complete accounting of the spatial distribution or chronological range of this ware, nor any understanding of patterns of production and possible exchange. While RCPW is generally viewed as a single type, its internal variability has likewise not been systematically documented. This article presents an overview of RCPW, examining its technical characteristics, chronological position, distribution patterns, and possible socio-cultural significance. Drawing upon existing archaeological evidence from the 4th-3rd centuries BCE to the Early Medieval period (circa 13–14 CE), this study begins to elucidate the origin and extent, production techniques, and morphology and decorative motifs of RCPW as a baseline for more advanced analysis. We trace the evolution of RCPW from its initial identification as ‘Andhra Ware’ by Wheeler in 1947 to its reclassification as Russet Coated Painted Ware by Thapar in 1957. Subsequent exploration and excavation efforts have expanded the geographical scope of RCPW's distribution, highlighting its presence in diverse regions such as Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh. This paper offers the most comprehensive spatial analysis of RCPW to date.

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引用次数: 0

Two firings of the bronze vessel casting moulds: Distinction between firing and casting of the Late Shang and Western Zhou silt moulds

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2024.100587

Wen Yin Cheng (Elaine)

This study aims to differentiate between the firing and casting processes of the Late Shang and Western Zhou bronze vessel casting moulds. While previous research has primarily focused on the moulds' firing temperature and heat resistance, this study delves deeper into the distinct stages of firing and casting. By analyzing the three mould types housed at the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) using petrography and scanning electron microscope (SEM), this research introduces a new method to distinguish between moulds that were later used and those discarded owing to some imperfections. The study also highlights the variations in firing atmosphere and technological preferences of the artisans, shedding light on the complex processes involved in bronze casting mould production. The findings provide valuable insights into the organization of bronze casting and the technological advancements of the Late Shang and Western Zhou dynasties.

引用次数: 0

Occupation and local resource exploitation at Kimirek-kum 1 (Uzbekistan): Archaeological and geo-hydrological investigations in autumn 2023 (second preliminary fieldwork report)

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2024.100582

Lynne M. Rouse , Sören Stark , Jamal K. Mirzaakhmedov , Sirojiddin J. Mirzaakhmedov , Narges Bayani , Elise Luneau , Daniela Mueller , Shima Pourmomeni

The site of Kimirek-Kum 1, located between two ancient branches of the lower course of the Zerafshan River, has been investigated by an international research team since 2022. Here we report on the archaeological fieldwork carried out in autumn 2023, which targeted potential habitation areas and major features previously recognized through subsurface detection methods, as well as the site's prominent circular ‘enclosure’ earthwork. We describe our field methods and the archaeological strata identified, providing the contextual foundation for ongoing material analyses and subsequent socio-cultural interpretations. All dated contexts fall between approximately 1300–1000 BCE, indicating a relatively concentrated period of site use. Although earlier-raised questions about metallurgical production at KK1 and direct cultural connections with steppe communities were not resolved during the autumn 2023 field season, notable results include the identification of occupation surfaces and associated refuse pits rich in burned animal bone, plant remains, ceramics, and construction material. Refuse-dumping was contained in stratigraphically-earlier clay-mining pits, ditch features, and water channels. Excavations also revealed the underlying sand and clay sediment structure of the site, and provided systematically-sampled material for reconstructing the archaeo-ecology and hydrological network around the site. Preliminary, in-field ceramic analyses suggest strong relationships to Early Iron Age cultural groups to the south, with some elements also indicating contemporary northern connections. This multi-directionality of material culture concords with results from pilot studies at Kimirek-Kum 1, placing it at a geographic and chronological crossroads in the late 2nd millennium BCE.

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