Archaeological Research in Asia最新文献

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Shifting crop choices in a transition zone: Macrobotanical insights from Shandong, Eastern China (5000–2200 cal. BP) 过渡带作物选择的变化：来自中国东部山东的宏观植物学见解（5000-2200 cal. BP）

IF 1.1 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100665

Shuhan Zhang , Yu Zhang , Xu Liu , Rubi Wu , Haohong Cai , Qingzhu Wang , Jun Gao , Hui Fang , Gary M. Feinman , Linda M. Nicholas , Jixi Gao , Xuexiang Chen

Understanding shifts in agricultural regimes and crop choices is central to archaeological research. This study examines macrobotanical remains from the Qianzhongzitou site in Shandong, eastern China (5000–2200 cal. BP), to explore how communities in a coastal–inland transition zone adapted their agricultural practices to shifting ecological conditions and patterns of social interaction. The results reveal a fluctuating sequence of crop choices. During the late Dawenkou to Longshan periods (5000–4000 cal. BP), a stable climate and macroregional exchange supported a mixed farming system dominated by foxtail millet (Setaria italica), supplemented by rice (Oryza sativa). In the Yueshi period (4000–3000 cal. BP), agricultural practices shifted toward intensified dryland farming of drought-tolerant broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and soybean (Glycine max), likely in response to hydrological changes associated with the 4.2 ka climate event, while small-scale rice cultivation persisted in favorable microenvironments. By the Zhou period (3000–2200 cal. BP), a cooler, drier climate combined with the political consolidation of the Qi State promoted renewed reliance on foxtail millet-based agriculture, with limited adoption of wheat (Triticum aestivum). At Qianzhongzitou, agricultural strategies evolved in close alignment with broader regional developments, political policies, technological innovations, and population movements. These findings highlight how farming communities in a transitional landscape continuously adapted their agrarian practices to address both climatic and political considerations and constraints.

了解农业制度和作物选择的变化是考古研究的核心。本研究考察了中国东部山东千中子头遗址（5000-2200 cal. BP）的大型植物遗迹，以探索沿海-内陆过渡带的群落如何适应不断变化的生态条件和社会互动模式。结果揭示了作物选择的波动序列。在大汶口晚期至龙山时期（5000-4000 cal. BP），稳定的气候和宏观区域交换支持了以谷子（Setaria italica）为主，水稻（Oryza sativa）为辅的混合农业系统。在月石时期（4000-3000 cal. BP），农业实践转向旱地集约化种植耐旱糜子（Panicum miliaceum）和大豆（Glycine max），这可能是对4.2 ka气候事件相关水文变化的响应，而小规模水稻种植在有利的微环境中持续存在。到了周朝（公元前3000-2200 cal. BP），更凉爽、更干燥的气候加上齐国的政治巩固，促使人们重新依赖以谷子为基础的农业，有限地采用小麦（Triticum aestivum）。在千中子头，农业战略的演变与更广泛的区域发展、政治政策、技术创新和人口流动密切相关。这些发现强调了过渡时期的农业社区如何不断调整其农业实践，以应对气候和政治方面的考虑和限制。

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引用次数: 0

Early bronze artefacts of Qujialing Culture (4500 BP) in the middle Yangtze River Valley of China 长江中游曲家岭文化早期青铜器(距今4500年前

IF 1.1 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100664

Tianxing Cui , Minzhe Zhao , Zhihui Yao , Kai Sun , Wanquan Zheng , Yanpeng Cao , Jian Zhang , Song'an Jin

The Qujialing Culture represents a significant shift in the process of civilization in the middle Yangtze River Valley. The bronze artefacts excavated from the Gouwan site, belong to late Qujialing Culture, approximately 4500 BP. This study employed metallographic analysis, element analysis, and lead isotope analysis to explore the composition and technique of the bronzes. The results show that both bronze artefacts contain over 8 % lead and complex elemental compositions, indicating smelting from polymetallic ores. Lead isotope analysis shows that both artefacts were made of common lead. Studying these bronze objects provides fresh evidence for discerning the timeline, area and diffusion routes of the emergence of early bronzes in prehistoric China.

屈家岭文化代表了长江中游地区文明进程的一次重大转变。沟湾遗址出土的青铜器，属于曲家岭文化晚期，约4500 BP。本文采用金相分析、元素分析、铅同位素分析等方法对青铜器的组成和工艺进行了探讨。结果表明，两件青铜器的铅含量均在8%以上，且元素组成复杂，表明是由多金属矿石冶炼而成。铅同位素分析表明，这两件文物都是由普通铅制成的。研究这些青铜器，为识别史前中国早期青铜器出现的时间、区域和传播途径提供了新的证据。

引用次数: 0

Bodies in transition: Tooth ablation from Neolithic to Iron Age in Vietnam and Southeast Asia 过渡中的身体：越南和东南亚从新石器时代到铁器时代的牙齿消融

IF 1.1 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100661

Yue Zhang

This study synthesizes data from Neolithic to Iron Age Vietnam (4000–1900 BP) through the lens of the customary practice of tooth ablation. Its emergence, localization, and eventual transformation—whether into other forms of dental modification or into complete abandonment—closely correspond with successive cycles of interregional interaction and social transition. This local trajectory is then compared with neighboring regions, including Cambodia and Taiwan, revealing comparable yet contextually nuanced adaptations. The findings highlight tooth ablation as both a persistent marker of group affiliation and a flexible medium for negotiating identity. As such, it offers a powerful case through which to examine how embodied practices responded to, and were shaped by, broader dynamics of sociocultural change across prehistoric Southeast Asia. The results bring more attention to the roles of individual adornment choices and bodily expressions within the evolving environment of Southeast Asia since the Neolithic period.

本研究综合了从新石器时代到铁器时代越南（4000-1900 BP）的数据，通过牙齿消融的习俗实践。它的出现、定位和最终转变——无论是转变为其他形式的牙齿修饰还是完全放弃——与区域间相互作用和社会转型的连续周期密切相关。然后，将当地的发展轨迹与邻近地区（包括柬埔寨和台湾）进行比较，揭示出可比较但又具有背景差异的适应性。研究结果强调，牙齿消融既是群体归属的持久标志，也是协商身份的灵活媒介。因此，它提供了一个强有力的案例，通过它来研究具体化的实践是如何回应的，并被史前东南亚社会文化变革的更广泛动态所塑造。这一结果引起了人们对新石器时代以来东南亚不断变化的环境中个人装饰选择和身体表达的作用的更多关注。

引用次数: 0

Cattle traction in the Xiongnu empire: Zooarchaeological evidence from the Mongolian steppe 匈奴帝国的牛牵引：来自蒙古大草原的动物考古证据

IF 1.1 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100643

Tuvshinjargal Tumurbaatar , Cheryl A. Makarewicz

Cattle are essential in pastoralist steppe societies, not only for their milk and meat but also for their labor carrying material and people. The Xiongnu polity (300 BCE – 100 CE) was a confederation of pastoral nomads who assembled a powerful empire that commanded the Mongolian steppe and beyond through military prowess and statecraft. Supported by local livestock production, exchange, trade, and tribute, the Xiongnu empire moved goods, people, and livestock. Despite the potentially important role of cattle traction in everyday pastoralist herding activities and long-distance transport of goods and materials mobilized for elite consumption, little is known about the use of this technology beyond scattered images of cattle carts depicted on rock. Here, we investigate the ubiquity and intensity of traction applied to cattle through paleopathological analyses of cattle extremities interred in the graves of Xiongnu intermediate elites. A comparative morphological framework documenting the expression of strain-related pathologies in modern cattle and yaks indicates animals herded in the mountainous forest-steppe express a higher incidence of traction pathologies compared to cattle husbanded in the flatter terrains of the steppe-desert. Yak bulls also yield higher PI values despite not undertaking traction nor carrying loads, a pattern likely due to their weight and musculature. Severe pathologies identified in some Xiongnu cattle point to their regular use in traction, perhaps transporting agricultural products and trade goods, but most cattle display surprisingly little evidence for traction pointing to their primary use for pastoral production, daily low-impact traction tasks, and seasonal moves.

牛在游牧草原社会中是必不可少的，不仅因为它们的奶和肉，而且因为它们的劳动力和人力。匈奴政体（公元前300年-公元100年）是一个由游牧民族组成的联盟，他们建立了一个强大的帝国，通过军事实力和治国方略控制了蒙古草原及其他地区。匈奴帝国依靠当地的牲畜生产、交换、贸易和进贡，进行货物、人口和牲畜的流动。尽管牛牵引在日常畜牧活动和为精英消费而动员的货物和材料的长途运输中发挥着潜在的重要作用，但除了零散的描绘在岩石上的牛车图像外，人们对这项技术的使用知之甚少。在这里，我们通过对埋葬在匈奴中间精英坟墓中的牛肢的古病理学分析，研究了牵引力对牛的普遍作用和强度。一个记录现代牛和牦牛品系相关病理表达的比较形态学框架表明，在山地森林草原放牧的动物比在草原-沙漠平坦地形放牧的牛表现出更高的牵引病理发生率。牦牛在不承担牵引力或负重的情况下也能产生更高的PI值，这种模式可能是由于它们的体重和肌肉组织。在一些匈奴牛身上发现的严重疾病表明，它们经常被用于牵引，可能是运输农产品和贸易货物，但令人惊讶的是，大多数牛几乎没有显示出牵引的证据，这表明它们主要用于畜牧生产、日常低冲击牵引任务和季节性移动。

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引用次数: 0

Early beginnings: Naissance of architecture in the Levant – Special issue in honor of Anna Belfer-Cohen 早期开端：黎凡特建筑的诞生——纪念安娜·贝尔弗-科恩的特刊

IF 1.1 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100659

Leore Grosman, Hadas Goldgeier

This paper presents an introduction to the special issue, “New Insights into the Earliest Architecture of the First Sedentary Communities in Western Asia.” It summarizes the key insights and perspectives offered in the various articles. In addition, we share reflections that emerged from an interdisciplinary dialogue held between archaeologists, architects and building engineers during the workshop with particular focus on early round structures.

本文为特刊《对西亚最早定居社区的最早建筑的新认识》作一介绍。它总结了各种文章中提供的关键见解和观点。此外，我们还分享了考古学家、建筑师和建筑工程师在研讨会期间举行的跨学科对话中产生的思考，特别关注早期圆形结构。

引用次数: 0

Controlling the north. The Bandivan fortress, a protohistoric (Kura-Araxes), Urartian, Orontid and medieval site in the Amasia Depression, Shirak Region, Armenia 控制北方。班迪万要塞，位于亚美尼亚Shirak地区Amasia洼地的原始历史（Kura-Araxes）， Urartian， Orontid和中世纪遗址

IF 1.1 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100657

Roberto Dan , Artur Petrosyan , Priscilla Vitolo , Andrea Cesaretti , Elena Fausti , Onofrio Gasparro , Boris Gasparyan

This article is dedicated to presenting to the scientific community a significant new fortified complex located in the Amasia Depression, in the Shirak Region of modern Armenia. The site, locally referred to as the “Bandivan fortress,” is situated near the contemporary village of Bandivan, on an extensive plateau naturally protected by valleys carved by the courses of two rivers. The site showcases remarkable architectural evidence that can be classified as megalithic, with its initial phase of occupation dating back to the Early Bronze Age. It later emerged as an important centre during late Protohistory until it was conquered and reoccupied by the Urartians, who established it as their northernmost fortified outpost currently known. Subsequently, the site was reoccupied by a medieval village, which later included a cemetery located outside the fortified area. The site was explored as part of a joint Armenian-Italian archaeological mission, and this article discusses its architecture and the materials collected from the surface. Additionally, the site is contextualized historically within the period of Urartian expansion into the north-eastern Armenian Highlands and is connected to the issue of defining the northern limits of Bia/Urartu or the Van Kingdom.

本文致力于向科学界展示位于现代亚美尼亚Shirak地区的Amasia洼地的一个重要的新强化综合体。该遗址在当地被称为“班迪万堡垒”，位于班迪万当代村庄附近，位于由两条河流雕刻而成的山谷自然保护的广阔高原上。该遗址展示了非凡的建筑证据，可以归类为巨石，其最初的占领阶段可以追溯到早期青铜器时代。后来，它在史前晚期成为一个重要的中心，直到它被乌拉提亚人征服并重新占领，并将其建立为目前已知的最北端的防御前哨。随后，该遗址被一个中世纪村庄重新占领，后来包括一个位于防御区外的墓地。该遗址是亚美尼亚-意大利联合考古任务的一部分，本文将讨论其建筑和从地表收集的材料。此外，该遗址的历史背景是在乌拉尔图向亚美尼亚高地东北部扩张的时期，并与确定比亚/乌拉尔图或凡王国北部边界的问题有关。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal dynamics of prehistoric millet agriculture dispersal in Northwest China 中国西北史前谷子农业传播的时空动态

IF 1.1 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100658

Chengbang An (安成邦) , Lei Tang

Despite extensive research on Eurasian agricultural diffusion, the spatiotemporal dynamics of millet agriculture in Northwest China remain contested due to fragmented datasets. This study integrates plant remains, human isotopes (δ¹³C), and organic residues from 358 sites to reconstruct dispersal trajectories through K-means clustering, IDW interpolation, and Kernel Density Estimation. Results reveal four phases of millet agriculture in Northwest China: (1) rapid establishment in the Loess Plateau (7650–5750 cal a BP) with C₄-dominated diets (δ¹³C > −13.8 ‰); (2) northwestward expansion (5750–4550 cal a BP) marked by tripled site density and millet agriculture altitudinal reach to 2500 m; (3) penetration into Xinjiang (4550–3350 cal a BP) via mountain-oasis corridors, despite wheat's rising prominence in few sites; (4) Late Holocene decline (3350–2200 cal a BP) with mixed C₃/C₄ diets (δ¹³C = −16.8 ‰), reflecting wheat's dominance in arid zones. Crucially, field management innovations (ash fertilization, crop rotation) and mid-Holocene climatic optima (30 % higher precipitation) enabled millet's resilience, contrasting with wheat's reliance on westerly moisture surges. We suggested three dispersal pathways—Hexi-Altai, Tianshan oasis, and Kunlun piedmont—underscoring millet's role in bridging Eurasian agropastoral systems. This multi-proxy framework advances understanding of crop-climate-culture interplay in arid landscapes.

尽管对欧亚大陆农业扩散的研究非常广泛，但由于数据集的碎片化，中国西北谷子农业的时空动态仍然存在争议。本研究通过K-means聚类、IDW插值和核密度估计，整合了358个站点的植物遗骸、人类同位素（δ13C）和有机残留物，重建了扩散轨迹。结果表明：①黄土高原谷子农业快速建立（7650 ~ 5750 cal a BP），以c4为主（δ13C >−13.8‰）；(2)向西北扩展（5750 ~ 4550 cal a BP），立地密度增加3倍，海拔高度达到2500 m；(3)通过山地-绿洲走廊进入新疆（4550-3350 cal / BP），尽管小麦在少数地点日益突出；(4)晚全新世C3/C4混合饲料（δ13C = - 16.8‰）下降（3350 ~ 2200 cal a BP），反映了小麦在干旱区的优势地位。至关重要的是，田间管理创新（灰施肥、作物轮作）和全新世中期的最佳气候条件（降水量增加30%）使小米具有了适应能力，而小麦则依赖西风潮气。我们提出了河西-阿尔泰、天山绿洲和昆仑山前3条谷子传播路径，强调了谷子在欧亚农牧系统中的桥梁作用。这种多代理框架促进了对干旱景观中作物-气候-文化相互作用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Kalai Hissor - Medieval site in Baysuntau piedmonts. Stratigraphic analysis Kalai Hissor - Baysuntau山前的中世纪遗址。地层分析

IF 1.1 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100648

Ladislav Damašek , Daniel Pilař , Markéta Šmolková , Kahramon Toshaliyev

This article summarises the results of excavations at the Kalai Hissor site, located in the Baysuntau piedmonts of Surxondaryo Province, southern Uzbekistan. A stratigraphic section was excavated, establishing the site's chronology. Two primary occupation phases were identified: the Early Medieval period (6th–8th century CE, designated as Phase III) and the High Medieval period (11th–early 13th century CE, designated as Phase II). Between these phases, the site remained uninhabited—a timeline corroborated by radiocarbon dating. During the Early Medieval occupation, the settlement was fortified with substantial defensive structures. Excavations yielded a variety of artifacts from both phases, including a notable assemblage of red-painted pottery and other ceramic types. Ceramic typologies for each Medieval phase were established based on these materials.

本文总结了Kalai Hissor遗址的挖掘结果，该遗址位于乌兹别克斯坦南部苏松达约省Baysuntau山前。地层剖面被挖掘出来，确定了遗址的年代。确定了两个主要的职业阶段：中世纪早期（公元6 - 8世纪，称为第三阶段）和中世纪盛期（公元11 - 13世纪早期，称为第二阶段）。在这两个阶段之间，该遗址一直无人居住——放射性碳定年法证实了这一点。在中世纪早期的占领期间，该定居点建立了大量的防御结构。挖掘出土了来自这两个阶段的各种文物，包括一组引人注目的红漆陶器和其他陶瓷类型。每个中世纪阶段的陶瓷类型学都是基于这些材料建立的。

引用次数: 0

Political boundary between Dvāravatī and Ancient Khmer kingdoms: The recognition of ancient frontier networks in Eastern Thailand before the 11th century CE Dvāravatī与古高棉王国之间的政治边界：公元11世纪前对泰国东部古代边界网络的承认

IF 1.1 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100647

Patcharaporn Ngernkerd, Rasmi Shoocongdej, Saritpong Khunsong

This paper examines the nature of the political boundary between the Dvāravatī and Ancient Khmer kingdoms in eastern Thailand between the 7th and 11th centuries CE. Using a theoretical framework based on the Mandala model, this frontier is examined via spatial analyses between the large, rectilinear towns such as Si Mahosot and Muang Phai and smaller, surrounding communities. The combination of settlement layout, epigraphy and sculptural remains shows a fluidity of cultural influence and power of Khmer kings in this peripheral region. The boundary between the two kingdoms is perhaps viewed as being a gap in settlement in the central plain of the region, but it shifted to the western part of eastern Thailand around the early 11th century CE. Such fluctuations in territorial boundaries are a common occurrence in the history of other ancient states.

本文考察了公元7世纪至11世纪泰国东部Dvāravatī和古高棉王国之间政治边界的性质。使用基于曼荼罗模型的理论框架，通过对Si Mahosot和Muang Phai等大型直线城镇与周边较小社区之间的空间分析来检查这一边界。聚落布局、碑文和雕塑遗迹的结合显示了高棉国王在这一周边地区的文化影响和权力的流动性。两个王国之间的边界可能被视为该地区中部平原上的定居点的差距，但大约在公元11世纪初，它转移到了泰国东部的西部。这种领土边界的波动在其他古代国家的历史上是常见的。

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Reassessing archaeological evidence for the Gandhāra still reconstruction and ‘Ancient Indian’ distillation hypothesis” [Archaeological Research in Asia 43 (2025) 100634] “重新评估Gandhāra蒸馏器重建和“古印度”蒸馏假说的考古证据”的勘误表[亚洲考古研究43 (2025)100634]

IF 1.1 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100646

Nicholas Groat

引用次数: 0

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