Ebrahim Shahsavani, M. Ehrampoush, M. Samaei, Ehsan Abouee Mehrizi, F. Madadizadeh, A. Abbasi, P. Talebi, A. Mohammadpour, A. Ebrahimi
Background: Background: Because of the growing population and increasing freshwater consumption, treatment and reuse of greywater have been widely considered. The application of a new and environmentally friendly treatment method for synthetic and real greywater (RGW) is of utmost importance. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the combination of ozonation, biological activated carbon, and ultrafiltration (O3 /BAC/UF) in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 ), and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) from synthetic greywater and RGW. Methods: Bacillus Subtilis, Acinetobacter radioresistens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Ochrobactrum oryzae were selected from nine pure bacterial species and transferred to granular activated carbon (GAC), then, mineral culture medium was added to the reactor for the growth and establishment of bacterial consortium. The SEM method was employed to ensure the formation of a microbial layer on GAC. Then, the continuous flow of synthetic greywater (for six months) at a low: 6.1, medium: 12.2, and high: 18.3 gCOD/L.d organic loading rates as well as RGW (for two weeks) entered the treatment system. Results: The percentages of COD removal in low, medium, and high organic loads of synthetic greywater and RGW were 85.12%, 79.05%, 85.3%, and 98.65%, respectively. Moreover, the percentages of BOD5 removal were 87%, 82%, 51%, and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, the percentages of turbidity removal were 93.5%, 97%, 96.69%, 73.33%, and the percentages of LAS removal were 91.4%, 88.1%, 84.8%, and 93.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The treatment system has a remarkable ability to remove pollutants from greywater and can be used as a new method of greywater treatment in Iran.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of the combined process of ozonation, biological activated carbon reinforced by bacterial consortium, and ultrafiltration in greywater treatment","authors":"Ebrahim Shahsavani, M. Ehrampoush, M. Samaei, Ehsan Abouee Mehrizi, F. Madadizadeh, A. Abbasi, P. Talebi, A. Mohammadpour, A. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.41","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Background: Because of the growing population and increasing freshwater consumption, treatment and reuse of greywater have been widely considered. The application of a new and environmentally friendly treatment method for synthetic and real greywater (RGW) is of utmost importance. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the combination of ozonation, biological activated carbon, and ultrafiltration (O3 /BAC/UF) in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 ), and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) from synthetic greywater and RGW. Methods: Bacillus Subtilis, Acinetobacter radioresistens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Ochrobactrum oryzae were selected from nine pure bacterial species and transferred to granular activated carbon (GAC), then, mineral culture medium was added to the reactor for the growth and establishment of bacterial consortium. The SEM method was employed to ensure the formation of a microbial layer on GAC. Then, the continuous flow of synthetic greywater (for six months) at a low: 6.1, medium: 12.2, and high: 18.3 gCOD/L.d organic loading rates as well as RGW (for two weeks) entered the treatment system. Results: The percentages of COD removal in low, medium, and high organic loads of synthetic greywater and RGW were 85.12%, 79.05%, 85.3%, and 98.65%, respectively. Moreover, the percentages of BOD5 removal were 87%, 82%, 51%, and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, the percentages of turbidity removal were 93.5%, 97%, 96.69%, 73.33%, and the percentages of LAS removal were 91.4%, 88.1%, 84.8%, and 93.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The treatment system has a remarkable ability to remove pollutants from greywater and can be used as a new method of greywater treatment in Iran.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45787307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Tofu derived from processed soybeans is popular among the public, but its production has an unfavourable effect. After all, it produces liquid waste that causes quite high pollution because it contains quite high organic components. The present study aimed to reduce the content of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia (NH3) in the liquid waste of a tofu factory. The scope of this research is limited to reducing the content of BOD, COD, and NH3 using an anaerobic-aerobic biofilm aeration system. Methods: This is an experimental study with a pre-post test only design and one group post-test design. The study population in this study is the tofu industry, and the sample in this study is partly water from the tofu waste. Sample examination was carried out at the Regional Health Laboratory of Jambi province, Indonesia. Results: The results showed a decrease in BOD, COD, and NH3 after passing through a tofu waste treatment machine using anaerobic and aerobic biofilms with BOD, COD, and ammonia values of 64.6%, 49.6%, and 79.8%, respectively. Tofu waste treatment using anaerobic and aerobic biofilms can lower the temperature and increase the pH of the waste. Conclusion: On the surface of the bioball used, the growth of the biofilm was found, and to increase the ability of the equipment, an initial treatment, such as filtration and sedimentation of waste, and reducing acidity with the help of quicklime was needed.
{"title":"Treatment of tofu liquid waste using anaerobic-aerobic biofilm aeration system to reduce pollution","authors":"Zunidra Zunidra, Sondang Sondang, S. Supriatna","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.42","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tofu derived from processed soybeans is popular among the public, but its production has an unfavourable effect. After all, it produces liquid waste that causes quite high pollution because it contains quite high organic components. The present study aimed to reduce the content of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia (NH3) in the liquid waste of a tofu factory. The scope of this research is limited to reducing the content of BOD, COD, and NH3 using an anaerobic-aerobic biofilm aeration system. Methods: This is an experimental study with a pre-post test only design and one group post-test design. The study population in this study is the tofu industry, and the sample in this study is partly water from the tofu waste. Sample examination was carried out at the Regional Health Laboratory of Jambi province, Indonesia. Results: The results showed a decrease in BOD, COD, and NH3 after passing through a tofu waste treatment machine using anaerobic and aerobic biofilms with BOD, COD, and ammonia values of 64.6%, 49.6%, and 79.8%, respectively. Tofu waste treatment using anaerobic and aerobic biofilms can lower the temperature and increase the pH of the waste. Conclusion: On the surface of the bioball used, the growth of the biofilm was found, and to increase the ability of the equipment, an initial treatment, such as filtration and sedimentation of waste, and reducing acidity with the help of quicklime was needed.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45150631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Biosurfactants are valuable microbial products that have significant applications in various industries. The advantages of these compounds are biodegradability, low toxicity, activity in difficult environmental conditions, and the ability to produce oil residues and compounds from the surface of seawater and soils contaminated with oil compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of biosurfactants production by Sporosarcina halophila. Methods: For this purpose, to detect the production of biosurfactant by Sporosarcina halophila, quantitative and qualitative screening methods such as hemolysis, oil spreading test and emulsification index test were used. Finally, different concentrations of crude oil in the bacterial growth medium were used to see that this strain can decompose crude oil using biosurfactant production to continue its growth or not. Results: The results showed that this strain is able to produce biosurfactants in oil hemolysis and spreading test with emulsifying activity of more than 30%, indicating that this strain is a suitable strain for biosurfactant production. Also, this strain could grow in the presence of crude oil in its medium as only carbon resource by biosurfactant production. Conclusion: This study showed that the metabolites derived from Sporosarcina halophila strain have emulsifying properties and can be considered as a potent strain in the production of biosurfactants. Also, it was concluded that these biosurfactants are applicable for many different industrial or environmental fields such as bioremediation of crude oil from soil or water by Sporosarcina halophila strain.
{"title":"Evaluation of biosurfactant production by Sporosarcina halophila and its application in crude oil remediation","authors":"Majid Zamani Beidokhti, D. Yousefi Kebria","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.40","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Biosurfactants are valuable microbial products that have significant applications in various industries. The advantages of these compounds are biodegradability, low toxicity, activity in difficult environmental conditions, and the ability to produce oil residues and compounds from the surface of seawater and soils contaminated with oil compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of biosurfactants production by Sporosarcina halophila. Methods: For this purpose, to detect the production of biosurfactant by Sporosarcina halophila, quantitative and qualitative screening methods such as hemolysis, oil spreading test and emulsification index test were used. Finally, different concentrations of crude oil in the bacterial growth medium were used to see that this strain can decompose crude oil using biosurfactant production to continue its growth or not. Results: The results showed that this strain is able to produce biosurfactants in oil hemolysis and spreading test with emulsifying activity of more than 30%, indicating that this strain is a suitable strain for biosurfactant production. Also, this strain could grow in the presence of crude oil in its medium as only carbon resource by biosurfactant production. Conclusion: This study showed that the metabolites derived from Sporosarcina halophila strain have emulsifying properties and can be considered as a potent strain in the production of biosurfactants. Also, it was concluded that these biosurfactants are applicable for many different industrial or environmental fields such as bioremediation of crude oil from soil or water by Sporosarcina halophila strain.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45396545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Foodborne diseases are still a concern of public health sectors in Indonesia. The tourism area is an important place where the transmission of diseases could occur if there is no implementation of food safety management. This study aimed to investigate the local government management of food safety in the beach tourism area in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: In this qualitative study, the focus group discussion (FGD) was used to gain in-depth information about the implementation of food safety management. Data were collected from Bantul Regency in December 2020. Qualitative data were obtained using a different statement about food safety from 15 informants from three levels (district, sub-district, and village levels). The informants were selected using the purposive sampling method to gain richer information from the expert. The NVivo software was used to code the data. The content analysis was used to analyze the FGD transcript and concluding statements. Results: Most of the informants were male with the mean age of 40 years. In terms of the description of the role, each of them has a role from any stage of food safety management, like implementation, formulation, action, evaluation, and inspection. The results showed that the waste management, implementation after training, facilities, and infrastructures were needed to improve the food safety management in the beach tourism area. The informants from the village level reported more specific information compared to those from other levels. Stakeholders need to work together to accelerate food safety management. Conclusion: The waste management and lack of facilities and infrastructure were the most important issues of food safety implementation.
{"title":"The food safety management in beach tourism: A qualitative study using focus group discussion in Yogyakarta, Indonesia","authors":"Dyah Suryani, Asep Rustiawan, Maretalinia Maretalinia","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.36","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Foodborne diseases are still a concern of public health sectors in Indonesia. The tourism area is an important place where the transmission of diseases could occur if there is no implementation of food safety management. This study aimed to investigate the local government management of food safety in the beach tourism area in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: In this qualitative study, the focus group discussion (FGD) was used to gain in-depth information about the implementation of food safety management. Data were collected from Bantul Regency in December 2020. Qualitative data were obtained using a different statement about food safety from 15 informants from three levels (district, sub-district, and village levels). The informants were selected using the purposive sampling method to gain richer information from the expert. The NVivo software was used to code the data. The content analysis was used to analyze the FGD transcript and concluding statements. Results: Most of the informants were male with the mean age of 40 years. In terms of the description of the role, each of them has a role from any stage of food safety management, like implementation, formulation, action, evaluation, and inspection. The results showed that the waste management, implementation after training, facilities, and infrastructures were needed to improve the food safety management in the beach tourism area. The informants from the village level reported more specific information compared to those from other levels. Stakeholders need to work together to accelerate food safety management. Conclusion: The waste management and lack of facilities and infrastructure were the most important issues of food safety implementation.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47322827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Bina, N. Nikzad, Soudabeh Ghodsi, S. Momeni, H. Movahedian Attar, Mahsa Janati, F. Mohammadi
Background: Treatment of combined industrial wastewater from industrial parks is one of the most complex and difficult wastewater treatment processes. Also, the accuracy of biological models for the prediction of the performance of these processes has not been sufficiently evaluated. Therefore, in this study, the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ(-Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) was implemented for the Jey industrial park in Isfahan province, Iran. Methods: The Jey IPWWTP process is a combination of anaerobic and aerobic biological processes. To evaluate the overall performance of IPWWTP, organic compounds, suspended solids, nutrients, attached biomass, and some operating parameters were measured during 6 months. Then, the biokinetic coefficients of aerobic processes were determined using Monod equations. Finally, the aerobic processes were modeled using ASM1 implemented in STOAT software. Results: The values of the biokinetic coefficients K, Y, Ks, Kd, and µmax were calculated as 2.7d- , 0.34 mg VSS/mg COD, 133.36 mg/L COD, 0.03d- , and 0.93d- , respectively. Based on the default coefficients and conditions of the ASM model, the difference between the experiments and model prediction was about 2 to 98%. After calibrating the ASM model, the difference between the experiments and prediction in all parameters was reduced to less than 10%. Conclusion: Investigations showed that the default coefficients and operation conditions of the ASM1 model do not have good predictability for complex industrial wastewaters and the outputs show a low accuracy compared to the experiments. After calibrating the kinetic coefficients and operating conditions, the model performance is acceptable and the predictions show a good agreement with the experiments.
{"title":"Investigation, biokinetic calculation, and modelling of a real combined industrial wastewater biological treatment process by activated sludge models","authors":"B. Bina, N. Nikzad, Soudabeh Ghodsi, S. Momeni, H. Movahedian Attar, Mahsa Janati, F. Mohammadi","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.35","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Treatment of combined industrial wastewater from industrial parks is one of the most complex and difficult wastewater treatment processes. Also, the accuracy of biological models for the prediction of the performance of these processes has not been sufficiently evaluated. Therefore, in this study, the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ(-Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) was implemented for the Jey industrial park in Isfahan province, Iran. Methods: The Jey IPWWTP process is a combination of anaerobic and aerobic biological processes. To evaluate the overall performance of IPWWTP, organic compounds, suspended solids, nutrients, attached biomass, and some operating parameters were measured during 6 months. Then, the biokinetic coefficients of aerobic processes were determined using Monod equations. Finally, the aerobic processes were modeled using ASM1 implemented in STOAT software. Results: The values of the biokinetic coefficients K, Y, Ks, Kd, and µmax were calculated as 2.7d- , 0.34 mg VSS/mg COD, 133.36 mg/L COD, 0.03d- , and 0.93d- , respectively. Based on the default coefficients and conditions of the ASM model, the difference between the experiments and model prediction was about 2 to 98%. After calibrating the ASM model, the difference between the experiments and prediction in all parameters was reduced to less than 10%. Conclusion: Investigations showed that the default coefficients and operation conditions of the ASM1 model do not have good predictability for complex industrial wastewaters and the outputs show a low accuracy compared to the experiments. After calibrating the kinetic coefficients and operating conditions, the model performance is acceptable and the predictions show a good agreement with the experiments.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46417472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Agricultural, industrial, and residential activities have caused the vulnerability of the groundwater of the Doroud-Boroujerd aquifer to pollution in Lorestan province, Iran. This study aimed to investigate the vulnerability of the Doroud-Boroujerd aquifer using a set of intrinsic (DRASTIC, IV) and specific (SI, LU-IV) vulnerability assessment methods. Methods: The DRASTIC model with seven parameters of groundwater depth, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, slope, the effect of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer has the highest number of parameters. The total dissolved solids (TDS) index was used to compare the efficiency of different methods. Results: The results showed two classes of medium and high vulnerability with an area of 73.71% and 26.3%, respectively, in the DRASTIC model. The SI model had two classes of low and medium vulnerability. The IV model had three classes of low to high vulnerability, of which the high class with an area of 75.94%, had the largest extent. The LU-IV model also included four classes of very low to very high (92.02%) vulnerability. The validation of DRASTIC, SI, IV, and LU-IV models with TDS index showed a weak correlation between vulnerability maps and TDS values, so it can be concluded that this index alone is not a good indicator for validation. Conclusion: The results of vulnerability assessment of different methods generally showed that the groundwater of this area is highly vulnerable, so it is recommended to take the necessary measures to prevent, control, and manage these valuable water resources.
{"title":"The assessment of groundwater vulnerability: A case study in the Doroud-Boroujerd aquifer, Iran","authors":"Leila Byeranvand, A. Afzali","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.44","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Agricultural, industrial, and residential activities have caused the vulnerability of the groundwater of the Doroud-Boroujerd aquifer to pollution in Lorestan province, Iran. This study aimed to investigate the vulnerability of the Doroud-Boroujerd aquifer using a set of intrinsic (DRASTIC, IV) and specific (SI, LU-IV) vulnerability assessment methods. Methods: The DRASTIC model with seven parameters of groundwater depth, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, slope, the effect of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer has the highest number of parameters. The total dissolved solids (TDS) index was used to compare the efficiency of different methods. Results: The results showed two classes of medium and high vulnerability with an area of 73.71% and 26.3%, respectively, in the DRASTIC model. The SI model had two classes of low and medium vulnerability. The IV model had three classes of low to high vulnerability, of which the high class with an area of 75.94%, had the largest extent. The LU-IV model also included four classes of very low to very high (92.02%) vulnerability. The validation of DRASTIC, SI, IV, and LU-IV models with TDS index showed a weak correlation between vulnerability maps and TDS values, so it can be concluded that this index alone is not a good indicator for validation. Conclusion: The results of vulnerability assessment of different methods generally showed that the groundwater of this area is highly vulnerable, so it is recommended to take the necessary measures to prevent, control, and manage these valuable water resources.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43138524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Chukwuemeka, Sanni Ismaila Mohammed, Abubakar Alfa Umar, Idoko Apeh Abraham, Bello Abdulrazaq Ayobami
Background: Water quality evaluation require arduous laboratory and statistical analyses comprising of sample collection and sometimes transportation to laboratories, which may be expensive. In recent years, there has been an emergent need to monitor the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of Kubanni reservoir as a result of anthropogenic and agricultural pollution. Hence, this study was conducted to apply adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-based modelling in the prediction of DO of Kubanni reservoir. Methods: Water quality data for seven years were used to develop ANFIS models. Six water quality parameters, namely, total dissolved solids, free carbon dioxide, turbidity, temperature, manganese, and electrical conductivity, were selected for analysis based on their sensitivity. Subtractive clustering and grid partitioning techniques were considered when generating the fuzzy inference system (FIS). Three ANFIS models according to different lengths for training data and testing data were selected for modelling. Results: The results showed that Model-1 gave the best correlation (R-squared and adjusted R-squared of 0.852503 and 0.845000, respectively) for whole data using six input variables. While Model-3 gave the best correlation (R-squared and adjusted R-squared of 0.807791 and 0.799940, respectively) for whole data using three input variables. Conclusion: The performance efficiency of ANFIS model 1 using 6 inputs shows that the model is reliable for modelling water quality.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for modelling dissolved oxygen of Kubanni Reservoir: A case study in Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"E. Chukwuemeka, Sanni Ismaila Mohammed, Abubakar Alfa Umar, Idoko Apeh Abraham, Bello Abdulrazaq Ayobami","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.37","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Water quality evaluation require arduous laboratory and statistical analyses comprising of sample collection and sometimes transportation to laboratories, which may be expensive. In recent years, there has been an emergent need to monitor the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of Kubanni reservoir as a result of anthropogenic and agricultural pollution. Hence, this study was conducted to apply adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-based modelling in the prediction of DO of Kubanni reservoir. Methods: Water quality data for seven years were used to develop ANFIS models. Six water quality parameters, namely, total dissolved solids, free carbon dioxide, turbidity, temperature, manganese, and electrical conductivity, were selected for analysis based on their sensitivity. Subtractive clustering and grid partitioning techniques were considered when generating the fuzzy inference system (FIS). Three ANFIS models according to different lengths for training data and testing data were selected for modelling. Results: The results showed that Model-1 gave the best correlation (R-squared and adjusted R-squared of 0.852503 and 0.845000, respectively) for whole data using six input variables. While Model-3 gave the best correlation (R-squared and adjusted R-squared of 0.807791 and 0.799940, respectively) for whole data using three input variables. Conclusion: The performance efficiency of ANFIS model 1 using 6 inputs shows that the model is reliable for modelling water quality.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48450403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abreham Bekele Bayu, D. A. Akuma, Ketema Beyecha Hundie
Background: Bioconversion of lignocelluloses to biofuel from cheap non-edible materials such as local leftover Injera waste for renewable energy is very important and minimizes environmental pollution. Local leftover Injera is an abundant, inexpensive, reusable waste to the environment, containing a sufficient amount of carbohydrate material, which is the best source of fermentable sugars. Methods: In this study, local leftover Injera was treated followed by drying, acidic hydrolysis, and alcoholic fermentation. Besides, the optimization of the fermentation process was done using a central composite box Behnken design. The process included physical and chemical pre-treatment of biomass, which was then followed by acid hydrolysis as a potential step. The scarification and fermentation methods were analyzed to acquire the maximum yield of ethanol. The local leftover Injera waste was pretreated with sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions. The effect of temperature, substrate concentration, as well pH on bioethanol production was optimized and studied. The optimization process was performed under special condition (temperature=25-40°C, pH=3-5, and substrate concentration=50-200 mg/L). Results: The maximum product of ethanol was achieved at a temperature of 32.718°C, substrate concentration of 125 g/L, and a pH of 4 with a maximum ethanol yield of 42.598%. Conclusion: According to the results, the optimum fermentation conditions for bioethanol production from local leftover Injera waste are the points where the maximum product of ethanol was achieved at a temperature of 32.718°C, substrate concentration of 125 g/L, and a pH of 4.
{"title":"An integrated approach to optimization of fermentation conditions for bioethanol production from local leftover Injera waste using central composite design","authors":"Abreham Bekele Bayu, D. A. Akuma, Ketema Beyecha Hundie","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.29","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bioconversion of lignocelluloses to biofuel from cheap non-edible materials such as local leftover Injera waste for renewable energy is very important and minimizes environmental pollution. Local leftover Injera is an abundant, inexpensive, reusable waste to the environment, containing a sufficient amount of carbohydrate material, which is the best source of fermentable sugars. Methods: In this study, local leftover Injera was treated followed by drying, acidic hydrolysis, and alcoholic fermentation. Besides, the optimization of the fermentation process was done using a central composite box Behnken design. The process included physical and chemical pre-treatment of biomass, which was then followed by acid hydrolysis as a potential step. The scarification and fermentation methods were analyzed to acquire the maximum yield of ethanol. The local leftover Injera waste was pretreated with sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions. The effect of temperature, substrate concentration, as well pH on bioethanol production was optimized and studied. The optimization process was performed under special condition (temperature=25-40°C, pH=3-5, and substrate concentration=50-200 mg/L). Results: The maximum product of ethanol was achieved at a temperature of 32.718°C, substrate concentration of 125 g/L, and a pH of 4 with a maximum ethanol yield of 42.598%. Conclusion: According to the results, the optimum fermentation conditions for bioethanol production from local leftover Injera waste are the points where the maximum product of ethanol was achieved at a temperature of 32.718°C, substrate concentration of 125 g/L, and a pH of 4.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46391245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Recalcitrant organics remediation from water resources continues to be a significant environmental problem and there is a continued effort to demonstrate practicable and economical treatment options for pollution removal. Methods: In this study, the efficiency of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in a column reactor using zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles and sand mixture in the removal of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from aquatic phases was investigated. The system performance was MTBE removal while initial pH, reaction time, pollutant content, catalyst load, hydraulic loading rate (HLR), and the reaction rate constant were independent variables. Results: The results showed that the process efficiency decreased by increasing pH, HLR, and pollutant concentration. In this case, the optimal conditions were obtained at pH=7, HLR=0.23 m3 /m2 ·d, and C0=1 mg/L, which achieved a remarkable removal efficiency up to 90.32%. The high nitrate concentrations and hardness as intervening factors reduced process efficiency to less than 44.61 and 51.4%, respectively. The lack of interfering factors had a considerable effect on the reaction rate of MTBE reduction, which is approximately 2.65 and 4.11 times higher than that in the presence of calcium hardness and nitrate, respectively. Conclusion: The PRB technology can be suggested as a reliable and robust system to remediate groundwater containing hydrocarbons based on filling media and hydraulic conditions.
{"title":"Effects of operational parameters on methyl tert-butyl ether removal by permeable reactive barrier from polluted waters","authors":"Farhad Ghayurdoost, A. Assadi, M. Mehrasbi","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recalcitrant organics remediation from water resources continues to be a significant environmental problem and there is a continued effort to demonstrate practicable and economical treatment options for pollution removal. Methods: In this study, the efficiency of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in a column reactor using zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles and sand mixture in the removal of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from aquatic phases was investigated. The system performance was MTBE removal while initial pH, reaction time, pollutant content, catalyst load, hydraulic loading rate (HLR), and the reaction rate constant were independent variables. Results: The results showed that the process efficiency decreased by increasing pH, HLR, and pollutant concentration. In this case, the optimal conditions were obtained at pH=7, HLR=0.23 m3 /m2 ·d, and C0=1 mg/L, which achieved a remarkable removal efficiency up to 90.32%. The high nitrate concentrations and hardness as intervening factors reduced process efficiency to less than 44.61 and 51.4%, respectively. The lack of interfering factors had a considerable effect on the reaction rate of MTBE reduction, which is approximately 2.65 and 4.11 times higher than that in the presence of calcium hardness and nitrate, respectively. Conclusion: The PRB technology can be suggested as a reliable and robust system to remediate groundwater containing hydrocarbons based on filling media and hydraulic conditions.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49497997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Industrial pollution of metals is a serious environmental concern. The presence of Sarcheshmeh copper (Cu) mine and the possibility of soil pollution, were the primary motivations for evaluating heavy metals in this area. Methods: A total of 171 soil and 10 sediment samples were collected randomly from the study area for Cu, aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) determination. The USEPA method was used to acid digest soil samples, and metals present in the samples were detected using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: By measuring metal concentrations and calculating the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and contamination factor (CF), the level of soil pollution by metals was assessed. It was found that soil and sediment samples were contaminated with Cu and the pollution decreased from the mine to Rafsanjan city, indicating that the pollution was anthropogenic. The soil has not been poisoned by Al or non-natural states because it was alkaline. Sediment samples were less than moderately polluted by Mo and Pb, but Cd and Cu were more problematic. Conclusion: Increasing the distance from the Cu mine resulted in a decrease in toxic metal concentration. The study concludes that by monitoring and filtering wastewater from the Cu mine, pollution caused by trace elements in the soil can be greatly reduced.
{"title":"Distribution and risk assessment of toxic metal pollution in the soil and sediment around the copper mine","authors":"Fatemeh Ganjeizadeh Rohani, N. Mohamadi","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.30","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Industrial pollution of metals is a serious environmental concern. The presence of Sarcheshmeh copper (Cu) mine and the possibility of soil pollution, were the primary motivations for evaluating heavy metals in this area. Methods: A total of 171 soil and 10 sediment samples were collected randomly from the study area for Cu, aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) determination. The USEPA method was used to acid digest soil samples, and metals present in the samples were detected using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: By measuring metal concentrations and calculating the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and contamination factor (CF), the level of soil pollution by metals was assessed. It was found that soil and sediment samples were contaminated with Cu and the pollution decreased from the mine to Rafsanjan city, indicating that the pollution was anthropogenic. The soil has not been poisoned by Al or non-natural states because it was alkaline. Sediment samples were less than moderately polluted by Mo and Pb, but Cd and Cu were more problematic. Conclusion: Increasing the distance from the Cu mine resulted in a decrease in toxic metal concentration. The study concludes that by monitoring and filtering wastewater from the Cu mine, pollution caused by trace elements in the soil can be greatly reduced.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44897493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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