Fatemeh Mortezazadeh, Soheila Amiri-Hossein, F. Gholami-Borujeni
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) in the field of climate changes in Iran in 2020, to compare these indexes in the Middle East countries and developed countries, and to evaluate the relationship between these indexes and gross domestic product (GDP) in Iran and some of the Middle East countries, as well as 10 developed countries in the world. Methods: Data related to the EPI in the field of climate changes and GDP were extracted from the database of the Yale University (https://epi.yale.edu) and the World Bank. The relationship between them was investigated using linear regression analysis. Results: The results showed that in 2020, Iran was ranked fourteenth and sixth among the studied countries, in terms of carbon dioxide growth rate and black carbon growth rate, respectively. It has also been ranked first in terms of carbon dioxide from land cover. Also, Iran was ranked eleventh among the Middle East countries and developed countries in terms of methane (CH4 ) growth rate and was ranked sixth among the Middle East countries in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) per capita and 13th among all studied countries. However, a significant relationship was observed between changes in GDP with GHG emissions of EPI (R2=0.82). Conclusion: Based on the Iran’s ranking in the field of climate change performance index, planning to reduce CHGs generation is necessary. Also, education of citizens in the field of methods to reduce greenhouse effects should be done by environmental policy makers.
{"title":"Comparison of EPI in the field of climate changes indexes in Iran and other countries in 2020 and the relationship between GDP and EPI","authors":"Fatemeh Mortezazadeh, Soheila Amiri-Hossein, F. Gholami-Borujeni","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to evaluate the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) in the field of climate changes in Iran in 2020, to compare these indexes in the Middle East countries and developed countries, and to evaluate the relationship between these indexes and gross domestic product (GDP) in Iran and some of the Middle East countries, as well as 10 developed countries in the world. Methods: Data related to the EPI in the field of climate changes and GDP were extracted from the database of the Yale University (https://epi.yale.edu) and the World Bank. The relationship between them was investigated using linear regression analysis. Results: The results showed that in 2020, Iran was ranked fourteenth and sixth among the studied countries, in terms of carbon dioxide growth rate and black carbon growth rate, respectively. It has also been ranked first in terms of carbon dioxide from land cover. Also, Iran was ranked eleventh among the Middle East countries and developed countries in terms of methane (CH4 ) growth rate and was ranked sixth among the Middle East countries in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) per capita and 13th among all studied countries. However, a significant relationship was observed between changes in GDP with GHG emissions of EPI (R2=0.82). Conclusion: Based on the Iran’s ranking in the field of climate change performance index, planning to reduce CHGs generation is necessary. Also, education of citizens in the field of methods to reduce greenhouse effects should be done by environmental policy makers.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44826425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Microplastics (MPs) are nowadays found in the air and in various terrestrial and aquatic environments and have become emerging pollutants. These particles can absorb other chemicals and microbial contaminants and release them into the environment and food chain. Despite the high efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in removing MPs, WWTPs are still one of the major sources of MPs discharge to the environment. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of MPs removal in a municipal WWTP with conventional activated sludge in Iran. Methods: MPs particles were counted using a stereomicroscope after the initial preparation steps (sieving, chemical digestion with the catalytic wet peroxidation-oxidation and density separation with NaCl) and then analyzed for particle composition using a Raman micro-spectrometer. Results: MPs concentration in the influent, grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, and effluent were 843.2±147.5, 315.5±54.7, 80.2±19.1, and 11.13±3.14 items/L, respectively. The overall MPs removal efficiency of the WWTP was 98.7%, with the grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, and secondary sedimentation tank removed 62.6%, 27.9%, and 8.2% of the total MPs, respectively. The most abundant polymers were polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). Conclusion: Despite the effective removal of MPs in WWTP, on average 4.47×1011±1.03×1011 MPs are discharged into the receiving waters through the effluent of this WWTP annually. This means that WWTPs can be one of the major sources of MPs in the environment and efforts should be made to increase the efficiency of WWTPs and equip them with advanced technologies.
{"title":"Occurrence and removal of microplastics in a municipal wastewater treatment plant with conventional activated sludge process: A case study in Isfahan, Iran","authors":"H. Sharifi, H. Movahedian Attar, B. Bina","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Microplastics (MPs) are nowadays found in the air and in various terrestrial and aquatic environments and have become emerging pollutants. These particles can absorb other chemicals and microbial contaminants and release them into the environment and food chain. Despite the high efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in removing MPs, WWTPs are still one of the major sources of MPs discharge to the environment. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of MPs removal in a municipal WWTP with conventional activated sludge in Iran. Methods: MPs particles were counted using a stereomicroscope after the initial preparation steps (sieving, chemical digestion with the catalytic wet peroxidation-oxidation and density separation with NaCl) and then analyzed for particle composition using a Raman micro-spectrometer. Results: MPs concentration in the influent, grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, and effluent were 843.2±147.5, 315.5±54.7, 80.2±19.1, and 11.13±3.14 items/L, respectively. The overall MPs removal efficiency of the WWTP was 98.7%, with the grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, and secondary sedimentation tank removed 62.6%, 27.9%, and 8.2% of the total MPs, respectively. The most abundant polymers were polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). Conclusion: Despite the effective removal of MPs in WWTP, on average 4.47×1011±1.03×1011 MPs are discharged into the receiving waters through the effluent of this WWTP annually. This means that WWTPs can be one of the major sources of MPs in the environment and efforts should be made to increase the efficiency of WWTPs and equip them with advanced technologies.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44375891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firomsa Bidira, Z. Asmelash, S. Kebede, Abrham Bekele
Background: Coffee is the foundation of Ethiopia’s economy, but the wastewater generated by coffee processing cannot be properly treated, therefore, causing various environmental problems. Methods: In this research, electrochemical oxidation(ECO) and photo electrochemical oxidation(PECO) are combined with UV and hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2 O2 ) to reduce organic compounds in coffee processing effluent with color and turbidity effect. The effects of various experimental parameters such as hydrogen solubility (pH), sodium chloride and calcium chloride (NaCl and CaCl2 ) concentrations, current and electrolysis time, and H2 O2 dose were investigated. Results: The results were investigated and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM) and Microsoft Excel. The color (99.6%) and turbidity (99.4%) were removed by combining ECO with UV/ H2 O2 , which produces high amounts of hydroxyl ions (OH- ), oxidizes large amounts of contaminants, and increases efficiency. These results were obtained at pH 7, current of 0.40 AMP, and 1.5 g CaCl2 after 40 minutes of electrolysis. The operating factors were pH, electrolyte dosage, time, current and H2 O2 , which plays a major role in increasing the removal capacity of photoelectrochemical oxidation for coffee processing waste water treatment. CaCl2 was once more wonderful in the removal of organic compounds from coffee processing effluents. Conclusion: Therefore, the introduction of this ultraviolet light is a powerful oxidant with H2 O2 , which can improve pollution control. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence interval can be used to determine the magnitude of the independent variable.
背景:咖啡是埃塞俄比亚的经济基础，但是咖啡加工过程中产生的废水得不到适当处理，因此造成了各种环境问题。方法:采用电化学氧化(ECO)和光电化学氧化(PECO)结合UV和过氧化氢(UV/H2 O2)对咖啡加工废水中的有机化合物进行还原，并对其着色和浊度产生影响。考察了氢溶解度(pH)、氯化钠和氯化钙(NaCl和CaCl2)浓度、电流和电解时间、H2 O2用量等实验参数对电解效果的影响。结果:采用响应面法(RSM)和Microsoft Excel对结果进行调查和分析。通过ECO与UV/ H2 O2结合去除色度(99.6%)和浑浊度(99.4%)，产生大量羟基离子(OH-)，氧化大量污染物，提高效率。这些结果是在pH为7、电流为0.40 AMP、1.5 g CaCl2电解40分钟后得到的。pH、电解液投加量、时间、电流和H2 O2是提高光电氧化处理咖啡加工废水去除率的主要因素。CaCl2在去除咖啡加工废水中的有机化合物方面表现得更加出色。结论:该紫外光的引入是一种具有较强氧化作用的h2o2氧化剂，可以改善污染的控制。具有95%置信区间的方差分析(ANOVA)可用于确定自变量的大小。
{"title":"Optimization and evaluation of the process variable’s effect on color and turbidity removal from coffee processing wastewater: Using a photoelectrochemical oxidation process","authors":"Firomsa Bidira, Z. Asmelash, S. Kebede, Abrham Bekele","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coffee is the foundation of Ethiopia’s economy, but the wastewater generated by coffee processing cannot be properly treated, therefore, causing various environmental problems. Methods: In this research, electrochemical oxidation(ECO) and photo electrochemical oxidation(PECO) are combined with UV and hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2 O2 ) to reduce organic compounds in coffee processing effluent with color and turbidity effect. The effects of various experimental parameters such as hydrogen solubility (pH), sodium chloride and calcium chloride (NaCl and CaCl2 ) concentrations, current and electrolysis time, and H2 O2 dose were investigated. Results: The results were investigated and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM) and Microsoft Excel. The color (99.6%) and turbidity (99.4%) were removed by combining ECO with UV/ H2 O2 , which produces high amounts of hydroxyl ions (OH- ), oxidizes large amounts of contaminants, and increases efficiency. These results were obtained at pH 7, current of 0.40 AMP, and 1.5 g CaCl2 after 40 minutes of electrolysis. The operating factors were pH, electrolyte dosage, time, current and H2 O2 , which plays a major role in increasing the removal capacity of photoelectrochemical oxidation for coffee processing waste water treatment. CaCl2 was once more wonderful in the removal of organic compounds from coffee processing effluents. Conclusion: Therefore, the introduction of this ultraviolet light is a powerful oxidant with H2 O2 , which can improve pollution control. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence interval can be used to determine the magnitude of the independent variable.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45323056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COVID-19 and health culture","authors":"Reza Sadeghi, N. Khanjani","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44182200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Firouzi, M. Ehteshamzadeh, Fakhredin Saba, G. Khayati
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is presently a life-threatening condition, and despite of multiple attempts, no functional method has been introduced against this pandemic problem yet. In this study, for the first time, the possible antiviral aspects of mineral nanoparticles (MNPs) obtained from a natural source, thermal spring water, were evaluated. Methods: At first, MNPs obtained from the Gishki thermal spring, Kerman province, Iran, were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Then, the presence of mineral elements in MNPs was identified by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and MTT assay. Finally, 17 cases suspected of COVID-19 were randomly selected, and their nasal swab samples were exposed to two concentrations of MNPs (50 and 100 u/mL). Results: The results of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test manifested that MNPs had a destructive effect on 4 (33%) COVID-19 cases. Conclusion: Therefore, MNPs of thermal spring water may act as an obstacle against COVID-19.
{"title":"Effect of mineral nanoparticles obtained from thermal spring water on COVID-19","authors":"M. Firouzi, M. Ehteshamzadeh, Fakhredin Saba, G. Khayati","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is presently a life-threatening condition, and despite of multiple attempts, no functional method has been introduced against this pandemic problem yet. In this study, for the first time, the possible antiviral aspects of mineral nanoparticles (MNPs) obtained from a natural source, thermal spring water, were evaluated. Methods: At first, MNPs obtained from the Gishki thermal spring, Kerman province, Iran, were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Then, the presence of mineral elements in MNPs was identified by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and MTT assay. Finally, 17 cases suspected of COVID-19 were randomly selected, and their nasal swab samples were exposed to two concentrations of MNPs (50 and 100 u/mL). Results: The results of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test manifested that MNPs had a destructive effect on 4 (33%) COVID-19 cases. Conclusion: Therefore, MNPs of thermal spring water may act as an obstacle against COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49335138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most important and usable photocatalysts. Recently, the biological properties of these NPs, particularly, its anticancer activity, have been considered. Glioblastoma and neuroblastoma are two fatal brain tumors with a high mortality rate in humans, the hope for treatment of which is weak by the common methods. Methods: In this study, the cytotoxicity effects of TiO2 alone and in combination with ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation on two different cell lines, neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and glioblastoma U87, were investigated. After administration of 10, 50, 100, and 500 μg/mL TiO2 , 0.043 and 1.4 mW/cm2 UVA irradiation, cell viability was investigated after 4, 24, and 48 hours by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: MTT assay and light microscope demonstrated that the effect of TiO2 NPs varied based on the dose of the substance, the impact time, the cell type, and the amount of radiation. In this study, for NPs alone, both toxicity and non-toxicity of the substance were observed. For NPs in the presence of UV, based on the comparison with its status alone and the difference in the viability assay of the two groups, both the photocatalytic and the coating effect of the NPs were observed. Conclusion: According to the results, different concentrations of TiO2 can be used for different purposes. Low concentrations of TiO2 can be used to increase the efficiency of photodynamic therapy and high concentrations of TiO2 can be used to protect the normal cell. This strategy improves the photodynamic therapy and reduces the harmful effects.
{"title":"Investigation of toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles on glioblastoma and neuroblastoma as the most widely used nanoparticles in photocatalytic processes","authors":"F. Kazemi, Marzie Esmaeeli, Peyman Mohammadzadehjahani, Mahnaz Amiri, Parisa Vosough, Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.39","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most important and usable photocatalysts. Recently, the biological properties of these NPs, particularly, its anticancer activity, have been considered. Glioblastoma and neuroblastoma are two fatal brain tumors with a high mortality rate in humans, the hope for treatment of which is weak by the common methods. Methods: In this study, the cytotoxicity effects of TiO2 alone and in combination with ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation on two different cell lines, neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and glioblastoma U87, were investigated. After administration of 10, 50, 100, and 500 μg/mL TiO2 , 0.043 and 1.4 mW/cm2 UVA irradiation, cell viability was investigated after 4, 24, and 48 hours by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: MTT assay and light microscope demonstrated that the effect of TiO2 NPs varied based on the dose of the substance, the impact time, the cell type, and the amount of radiation. In this study, for NPs alone, both toxicity and non-toxicity of the substance were observed. For NPs in the presence of UV, based on the comparison with its status alone and the difference in the viability assay of the two groups, both the photocatalytic and the coating effect of the NPs were observed. Conclusion: According to the results, different concentrations of TiO2 can be used for different purposes. Low concentrations of TiO2 can be used to increase the efficiency of photodynamic therapy and high concentrations of TiO2 can be used to protect the normal cell. This strategy improves the photodynamic therapy and reduces the harmful effects.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45697873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ramanarayanan, Suneesh Kuruvilla, Sabith Methar, Pooja Latti
Background: Drinking fluoride-contaminated water is a severe health hazard problem. Fluorosis -both skeletal and dental- is an important clinical and public health problem in about 24 countries including India. The best method to overcome the problem of excess fluoride in drinking water is defluoridation. Adsorption methods are simple, economical, and globally pursued techniques. Thirst-quenching herbal products locally called ‘Dahashamini’ are plant parts that are used during boiling drinking water. Possessing a defluoridation potential is an added benefit. Methods: Two grams of each of dried and ground Zingiber officinale, Elettaria cardamomum, Eugenia caryophyllus, Coriandrum sativum, Acacia catechu, Caesalpinia sapans, Vetiveria zizanioides, Cuminum cyminum, and Hemidesmus indicus, were added to 100 millilitres of fluoridated water of baseline concentrations of 5 and 10 ppm, boiled till its boiling point, and cooled. The samples were then filtered and analyzed for fluoride content using fluoride ion specific electrode method. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for pair-wise comparison. Results: Caesalpinia sapans, Vetiveria zizanioides, Acacia catechu, Eugenia caryophyllus, and Coriandrum sativum, had a significant ability to adsorb fluoride from fluoridated water, with an efficiency ranging from 12% to 56% (at a baseline concentration of 10 ppm) and 19% to 82% (at a baseline concentration of 5 ppm). Conclusion: The study indicates the possibility of the use of five ingredients in developing a cost-effective and acceptable method of defluoridation based on the adsorption method.
{"title":"Defluoridation potential of indigenous thirst-quenching herbal products commonly used in Kerala, India","authors":"S. Ramanarayanan, Suneesh Kuruvilla, Sabith Methar, Pooja Latti","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.45","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drinking fluoride-contaminated water is a severe health hazard problem. Fluorosis -both skeletal and dental- is an important clinical and public health problem in about 24 countries including India. The best method to overcome the problem of excess fluoride in drinking water is defluoridation. Adsorption methods are simple, economical, and globally pursued techniques. Thirst-quenching herbal products locally called ‘Dahashamini’ are plant parts that are used during boiling drinking water. Possessing a defluoridation potential is an added benefit. Methods: Two grams of each of dried and ground Zingiber officinale, Elettaria cardamomum, Eugenia caryophyllus, Coriandrum sativum, Acacia catechu, Caesalpinia sapans, Vetiveria zizanioides, Cuminum cyminum, and Hemidesmus indicus, were added to 100 millilitres of fluoridated water of baseline concentrations of 5 and 10 ppm, boiled till its boiling point, and cooled. The samples were then filtered and analyzed for fluoride content using fluoride ion specific electrode method. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for pair-wise comparison. Results: Caesalpinia sapans, Vetiveria zizanioides, Acacia catechu, Eugenia caryophyllus, and Coriandrum sativum, had a significant ability to adsorb fluoride from fluoridated water, with an efficiency ranging from 12% to 56% (at a baseline concentration of 10 ppm) and 19% to 82% (at a baseline concentration of 5 ppm). Conclusion: The study indicates the possibility of the use of five ingredients in developing a cost-effective and acceptable method of defluoridation based on the adsorption method.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47035718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abreham Bekele Bayu, Surafel Mustefa Beyan, T. A. Amibo, D. Mekonnen
Background: This research aimed to evaluate the use of natural resin as a binder for the production of fuel briquette from solid waste biomass. Methods: Proximate analyses were made for fuel briquette prepared from solid waste biomass using natural resin as a binder in comparison with using starch as a binder. Results: The results for density, percent content of moisture, percent content of volatile matter, percent content of ash, percent content of fixed carbon, and the caloric value of solid waste biomass obtained were 158.23 kg/m3 , 18.25%, 65.99%, 4.78%, 10.98%, and 18.65 MJ/kg, respectively. Besides natural resin binder-used fuel briquette was characterized for its density, percent content of porosity weight index, percent content of shatter resistance, percent content of moisture content, percent content of volatile matter, percent content of ash content, percent content of fixed carbon content, and caloric values as 751.05 kg/m3 , 13%, 40%, 4%, 12%, 1%, 30%, and 27.05 MJ/kg, respectively. In the same way, the starch binder-used fuel briquette was characterized for its density, percent content of porosity, weight index, percent content of shatter resistance, percent content of moisture content, percent content of volatile matter, percent content of ash, percent content of fixed carbon, and caloric values as 760 kg/m3 , 10%, 42%, 4%, 11%, 2%, 31%, and 28.09 MJ/kg, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that all characterized properties using natural resin as a binder indicate almost comparative properties in comparison with the use of starch as a binder.
{"title":"Production of fuel briquette from solid waste biomass using natural resin as a binder","authors":"Abreham Bekele Bayu, Surafel Mustefa Beyan, T. A. Amibo, D. Mekonnen","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.34","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This research aimed to evaluate the use of natural resin as a binder for the production of fuel briquette from solid waste biomass. Methods: Proximate analyses were made for fuel briquette prepared from solid waste biomass using natural resin as a binder in comparison with using starch as a binder. Results: The results for density, percent content of moisture, percent content of volatile matter, percent content of ash, percent content of fixed carbon, and the caloric value of solid waste biomass obtained were 158.23 kg/m3 , 18.25%, 65.99%, 4.78%, 10.98%, and 18.65 MJ/kg, respectively. Besides natural resin binder-used fuel briquette was characterized for its density, percent content of porosity weight index, percent content of shatter resistance, percent content of moisture content, percent content of volatile matter, percent content of ash content, percent content of fixed carbon content, and caloric values as 751.05 kg/m3 , 13%, 40%, 4%, 12%, 1%, 30%, and 27.05 MJ/kg, respectively. In the same way, the starch binder-used fuel briquette was characterized for its density, percent content of porosity, weight index, percent content of shatter resistance, percent content of moisture content, percent content of volatile matter, percent content of ash, percent content of fixed carbon, and caloric values as 760 kg/m3 , 10%, 42%, 4%, 11%, 2%, 31%, and 28.09 MJ/kg, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that all characterized properties using natural resin as a binder indicate almost comparative properties in comparison with the use of starch as a binder.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41870425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Asghari, G. Fallah Ghalhari, Hamid Heidari, R. Moradzadeh, S. Samadi, Reza Tajik, M. Ghanadzadeh
Background: Climate change is one of the most complex human challenges in the future. One of the consequences of climate change is the exposure of people to heat stress, especially in the outdoor environments. The aim of this study was to model the changes in the trend of exposure to heat stress in outdoor environments in the coming decades in the context of climate change and global warming. Methods: The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index, Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2), and the Statistical Down Scaling Model (SDSM) were used in a semi-arid climate. In this study, Arak station was considered as a representative of Iran’s semi-arid climate. In this research, the daily data of the minimum and maximum temperatures, humidity, and WBGT index were used from 2011 to 2099. Results: The minimum and maximum air temperatures in the study station show an increasing trend in three time periods. Also, based on the three studied scenarios, air temperature and WBGT index have an upward and positive trend and relative humidity has a downward and negative trend in the coming decades. Conclusion: In general, increasing the exposure of people to heat stress at the study station in the coming decades and based on the simulations of atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs), will not be unexpected.
{"title":"Modeling and predicting trends of heat stress based on climate change phenomenon: A case study in a semi-arid climate","authors":"M. Asghari, G. Fallah Ghalhari, Hamid Heidari, R. Moradzadeh, S. Samadi, Reza Tajik, M. Ghanadzadeh","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.43","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Climate change is one of the most complex human challenges in the future. One of the consequences of climate change is the exposure of people to heat stress, especially in the outdoor environments. The aim of this study was to model the changes in the trend of exposure to heat stress in outdoor environments in the coming decades in the context of climate change and global warming. Methods: The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index, Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2), and the Statistical Down Scaling Model (SDSM) were used in a semi-arid climate. In this study, Arak station was considered as a representative of Iran’s semi-arid climate. In this research, the daily data of the minimum and maximum temperatures, humidity, and WBGT index were used from 2011 to 2099. Results: The minimum and maximum air temperatures in the study station show an increasing trend in three time periods. Also, based on the three studied scenarios, air temperature and WBGT index have an upward and positive trend and relative humidity has a downward and negative trend in the coming decades. Conclusion: In general, increasing the exposure of people to heat stress at the study station in the coming decades and based on the simulations of atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs), will not be unexpected.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69815036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behnam Bahramian, M. Sarabi-Jamab, Elyas Nattagh‐Eshtivani, M. Rezaie
Background: All types of enteral feeding (EF) formulations, whether blenderized tube feeding (BTF) at hospital kitchen, or commercial enteral feeding (CEF), contains nutrients. The nature of these foods (in terms of pH, nutrient contents, water activity, etc.) is so that if they become contaminated, would immediately grow pathogens inside and put the patient at the risk of infection. This systematic review aimed to investigate the microbial safety of BTF and CEF used in hospitals. Methods: Literature search was conducted in four English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, using multiple keywords, such as enteral nutrition, blenderized formulas, home enteral nutrition, enteral formula, EF, blenderized enteral formula, blended feeds, blenderized home-made food, CEF, microbial contamination, and bacterial contamination. Finally, 16 eligible studies were selected for the systematic review. Results: Out of 132 retrieved articles, 16 were selected and reviewed CEF was mostly exposed to contamination with total coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, mesophilic bacteria, and Escherichia coli. In addition, contamination with gram-negative bacteria, Bacillus cereus, mold, and yeast was detected. Most BTF contamination was caused by total coliforms, mesophilic bacteria, Listeria spp., B. cereus, mold, and yeast. Conclusion: Due to the nonconformity of hygienic guidelines, the microbial safety of EF solutions in hospitals and homes are relatively low, which may lead to foodborne diseases. Therefore, a hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system is essential in every hospital kitchen.
{"title":"Microbiological contamination of commercial enteral feeding and blenderized tube feeding: A systematic review","authors":"Behnam Bahramian, M. Sarabi-Jamab, Elyas Nattagh‐Eshtivani, M. Rezaie","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2022.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.38","url":null,"abstract":"Background: All types of enteral feeding (EF) formulations, whether blenderized tube feeding (BTF) at hospital kitchen, or commercial enteral feeding (CEF), contains nutrients. The nature of these foods (in terms of pH, nutrient contents, water activity, etc.) is so that if they become contaminated, would immediately grow pathogens inside and put the patient at the risk of infection. This systematic review aimed to investigate the microbial safety of BTF and CEF used in hospitals. Methods: Literature search was conducted in four English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, using multiple keywords, such as enteral nutrition, blenderized formulas, home enteral nutrition, enteral formula, EF, blenderized enteral formula, blended feeds, blenderized home-made food, CEF, microbial contamination, and bacterial contamination. Finally, 16 eligible studies were selected for the systematic review. Results: Out of 132 retrieved articles, 16 were selected and reviewed CEF was mostly exposed to contamination with total coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, mesophilic bacteria, and Escherichia coli. In addition, contamination with gram-negative bacteria, Bacillus cereus, mold, and yeast was detected. Most BTF contamination was caused by total coliforms, mesophilic bacteria, Listeria spp., B. cereus, mold, and yeast. Conclusion: Due to the nonconformity of hygienic guidelines, the microbial safety of EF solutions in hospitals and homes are relatively low, which may lead to foodborne diseases. Therefore, a hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system is essential in every hospital kitchen.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45200740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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