{"title":"Root cause analysis (RCA), a little-known tool for medical errors pathology during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Mousa Bamir, Atousa Pourshikhali, A. Masoud","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49249368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. R. Mehrasebi, Mazyar Peyda, Rezgar Feizolahi, A. Taromi, Pegah Homayuni, Sally S. Fathi, Z. Farahmandkia
Background: Toxic metals enter the human food chain through water, soil, and plants. High consumption of dairy products makes it necessary to measure their concentrations in milk and its products. Methods: In this study, four samples of dairy products, including milk, dough, yogurt, and cream were selected. They were spiked with concentrations of 0, 20, 40, and 60 μg/kg of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) separately. In all samples, the concentration of these metals was determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) after microwave, wet, and dry ashing digestion methods. To select the best digestion method, recovery percentage, linearity of increasing concentrations, relative standard deviation (RSD), and the limit of detection were used. Results: According to the results, the RSD of all measurements was less than 5%. The instrument detection limit for Pb and Cd were 0.188 and 0.157 μg/L, respectively. The recovery efficiency of all digested samples by three methods was between 75.7% and 120%. According to the linearity index and R2 , the microwave digestion method with 90 to 110% efficiency was the best for Pb-spiked samples, and the dry digestion method was the best for Cd-spiked samples. Conclusion: Considering all indexes, microwave digestion was the best method for Pb and Cd samples.
{"title":"Comparison of three digestion methods for determination of lead and cadmium in milk and dairy products","authors":"M. R. Mehrasebi, Mazyar Peyda, Rezgar Feizolahi, A. Taromi, Pegah Homayuni, Sally S. Fathi, Z. Farahmandkia","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxic metals enter the human food chain through water, soil, and plants. High consumption of dairy products makes it necessary to measure their concentrations in milk and its products. Methods: In this study, four samples of dairy products, including milk, dough, yogurt, and cream were selected. They were spiked with concentrations of 0, 20, 40, and 60 μg/kg of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) separately. In all samples, the concentration of these metals was determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) after microwave, wet, and dry ashing digestion methods. To select the best digestion method, recovery percentage, linearity of increasing concentrations, relative standard deviation (RSD), and the limit of detection were used. Results: According to the results, the RSD of all measurements was less than 5%. The instrument detection limit for Pb and Cd were 0.188 and 0.157 μg/L, respectively. The recovery efficiency of all digested samples by three methods was between 75.7% and 120%. According to the linearity index and R2 , the microwave digestion method with 90 to 110% efficiency was the best for Pb-spiked samples, and the dry digestion method was the best for Cd-spiked samples. Conclusion: Considering all indexes, microwave digestion was the best method for Pb and Cd samples.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46239735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Breast cancer is triggered by uncontrollable breast cell development. These metals may build up in human serum and tissues, causing estrogenic/malignant consequences. Therefore, metals are being studied to investigate whether they enhance the risk of endocrine-related malignancies like breast cancer. Methods: This study assessed the level of metals such as Cd, As, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Fe in 120 women undergoing breast cancer surgery in the Malwa region of Punjab. Subjects having malignant breast lesions (n=83) were grouped in the cancer case group whereas subjects with benign breast lesions (n=37) were separated as a control group. From each case, blood, breast tumor, surrounding adipose tissue samples were obtained, and metal analysis was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: In malignant cases, the amount of metals ranges from 0.04 to 139.18 µg/kg in tumor. Whereas in adipose tissues and blood, it ranges from 0.04 to 1164.0 µg/kg and from 0.02 to 276.61 µg/kg, respectively. In control group, the total amount ranges from 0.05 to 332.72 µg/kg in the tumor, from 0.13 to 125.61 µg/kg in adipose tissues, and from 0.01 to 121.76 µg/kg in the blood. The level of Cd, Cr, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Pb were observed to be statistically significant/extremely significant whereas Arsenic was detected in no groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that Cd, Cr, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Pb may play a significant role in the development of breast cancer. The parenchymal component of tumor tissues accumulates heavy metals at a higher rate.
{"title":"Metal exposure and breast malignancy: A case-control study of Malwa Region of Punjab","authors":"","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is triggered by uncontrollable breast cell development. These metals may build up in human serum and tissues, causing estrogenic/malignant consequences. Therefore, metals are being studied to investigate whether they enhance the risk of endocrine-related malignancies like breast cancer. Methods: This study assessed the level of metals such as Cd, As, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Fe in 120 women undergoing breast cancer surgery in the Malwa region of Punjab. Subjects having malignant breast lesions (n=83) were grouped in the cancer case group whereas subjects with benign breast lesions (n=37) were separated as a control group. From each case, blood, breast tumor, surrounding adipose tissue samples were obtained, and metal analysis was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: In malignant cases, the amount of metals ranges from 0.04 to 139.18 µg/kg in tumor. Whereas in adipose tissues and blood, it ranges from 0.04 to 1164.0 µg/kg and from 0.02 to 276.61 µg/kg, respectively. In control group, the total amount ranges from 0.05 to 332.72 µg/kg in the tumor, from 0.13 to 125.61 µg/kg in adipose tissues, and from 0.01 to 121.76 µg/kg in the blood. The level of Cd, Cr, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Pb were observed to be statistically significant/extremely significant whereas Arsenic was detected in no groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that Cd, Cr, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Pb may play a significant role in the development of breast cancer. The parenchymal component of tumor tissues accumulates heavy metals at a higher rate.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42529794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Amahmid, Y. El Guamri, Youness Rakibi, Mohamed Yazidi, B. Razoki, Khadija Kaid Rassou, Hanane Achaq, Safia Basla, Mohamed Amine Zerdeb, Meriyam El Omari, O. Touloun, S. Chakiri
Background: Wastewater reuse in agriculture can potentially result in adverse health implications including parasitic diseases spread. Trichuris, Ascaris, and Giardia are major pathogenic parasites of concern associated with this practice. This review investigated their occurrence in wastewater, and environmental components reached through wastewater application, including irrigated soil and grown crops. Exposure pathways and evidence for health risks were also explored. Methods: Several databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and ResearchGate) and other sites were searched for published literature up to 2021. The searched keywords include wastewater reuse, soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), Ascaris, Trichuris, Giardia, crop contamination, soil contamination, health risk, epidemiological studies, exposure pathways, and risk mitigation. Overall, 160 papers have been yielded. After screening for relevance, 60 studies were considered for inclusion. Results: Giardia, Ascaris, and Trichuris were frequently detected in wastewater with up to 5×105 cysts/L and 5.73×103 eggs/L. Concentrations of 750 eggs/100 g and 2.8×104 cysts/100 g were reported in wastewater irrigated soil. Ascaris was reported in irrigated crops with up to 70 eggs/kg versus 6.6×103 cysts/kg for Giardia, depending on the type of crops. Epidemiological studies provided evidence supporting the increase of ascariasis, trichuriasis, and giardiasis diseases related to the exposure to wastewater irrigated soil and crops. Conclusion: The findings suggest that wastewater reuse in agriculture leads to contamination of soil, and crops with pathogenic parasites, increasing health risks in the exposed groups. To remedy this issue, protection measures, including a multi-barrier approach, can be applied to mitigate the health risks engendered by wastewater reuse for irrigation.
背景:农业废水回用可能对健康造成不利影响，包括寄生虫病的传播。鞭虫、蛔虫和贾第鞭毛虫是与这种做法有关的主要致病寄生虫。本文综述了它们在废水中的分布情况，以及通过废水应用所达到的环境成分，包括灌溉土壤和种植作物。还探讨了接触途径和健康风险的证据。方法:检索b谷歌Scholar、PubMed、Science Direct、Scopus、Web of Science和ResearchGate等数据库，检索截至2021年的已发表文献。搜索的关键词包括废水回用、土壤传播蠕虫(STHs)、蛔虫、鞭虫、贾第鞭毛虫、作物污染、土壤污染、健康风险、流行病学研究、暴露途径和风险缓解。总共发表了160篇论文。在筛选相关性后，60项研究被纳入考虑。结果:废水中检出贾第虫、蛔虫和滴虫较多，检出的虫卵数分别高达5×105囊肿/L和5.73×103卵/L。废水灌溉土壤中虫卵750个/100 g，虫囊2.8×104 /100 g。据报道，根据作物类型，灌溉作物中蛔虫最多可达70个/公斤，贾第鞭毛虫最多可达6.6×103个/公斤。流行病学研究提供的证据支持蛔虫病、滴虫病和贾第虫病的增加与接触废水灌溉的土壤和作物有关。结论:农业废水回用导致土壤和作物感染致病性寄生虫，增加了暴露人群的健康风险。为了解决这一问题，可以采取保护措施，包括多屏障办法，以减轻废水再利用用于灌溉所造成的健康风险。
{"title":"Wastewater reuse in agriculture: A review of soil and crops parasitic contamination, associated health risks and mitigation approach","authors":"O. Amahmid, Y. El Guamri, Youness Rakibi, Mohamed Yazidi, B. Razoki, Khadija Kaid Rassou, Hanane Achaq, Safia Basla, Mohamed Amine Zerdeb, Meriyam El Omari, O. Touloun, S. Chakiri","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wastewater reuse in agriculture can potentially result in adverse health implications including parasitic diseases spread. Trichuris, Ascaris, and Giardia are major pathogenic parasites of concern associated with this practice. This review investigated their occurrence in wastewater, and environmental components reached through wastewater application, including irrigated soil and grown crops. Exposure pathways and evidence for health risks were also explored. Methods: Several databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and ResearchGate) and other sites were searched for published literature up to 2021. The searched keywords include wastewater reuse, soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), Ascaris, Trichuris, Giardia, crop contamination, soil contamination, health risk, epidemiological studies, exposure pathways, and risk mitigation. Overall, 160 papers have been yielded. After screening for relevance, 60 studies were considered for inclusion. Results: Giardia, Ascaris, and Trichuris were frequently detected in wastewater with up to 5×105 cysts/L and 5.73×103 eggs/L. Concentrations of 750 eggs/100 g and 2.8×104 cysts/100 g were reported in wastewater irrigated soil. Ascaris was reported in irrigated crops with up to 70 eggs/kg versus 6.6×103 cysts/kg for Giardia, depending on the type of crops. Epidemiological studies provided evidence supporting the increase of ascariasis, trichuriasis, and giardiasis diseases related to the exposure to wastewater irrigated soil and crops. Conclusion: The findings suggest that wastewater reuse in agriculture leads to contamination of soil, and crops with pathogenic parasites, increasing health risks in the exposed groups. To remedy this issue, protection measures, including a multi-barrier approach, can be applied to mitigate the health risks engendered by wastewater reuse for irrigation.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43147685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Because of natural and anthropogenic phenomena, most mountain areas experience significant soil loss. It is critical for watershed management to identify high soil loss rates and prone areas. Therefore, the present research aimed to estimate spatial annual soil loss rates and prioritize soil erosion prone areas of the Finca’aa watershed at sub-watershed level. Methods: The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model, the extension of geographic information system based on five parameters: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and slope steepness (LS), vegetation cover (C), and conservation techniques (P), was applied. This study also used weather data, a soil type map, a digital elevation model (DEM), and land use land cover, which were all analyzed using ArcGIS 10.4. Results: Annual soil loss rates ranged from negligible to 234 t ha-1 yr-1. The average rates of soil loss was 33.3 t ha-1 yr-1. Approximately 63.36% of the catchment was within and 36.64% of the catchment was above the maximum permissible level, respectively. Approximately 1.96% were in critical condition. Agricultural practices were the primary cause in the watershed’s mountain and hilly areas. Conclusion: The outcome is critical for planners and resource managers interested in long-term watershed management. Also, it is very important for sustainable growth development of 2030 agendas.
背景:由于自然和人为现象，大多数山区经历了严重的土壤流失。确定高土壤流失率和易失地对流域管理至关重要。因此，本研究旨在估算Finca 'aa流域的空间年土壤流失率，并在小流域层面对土壤侵蚀易发区进行优先排序。方法:采用基于降雨侵蚀力(R)、土壤可蚀性(K)、坡长和坡度(LS)、植被覆盖度(C)和保护技术(P) 5个参数的地理信息系统扩展——修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)模型。本研究还使用了天气数据、土壤类型图、数字高程模型(DEM)和土地利用土地覆盖，这些数据都使用ArcGIS 10.4进行分析。结果:年土壤流失率可忽略不计至234吨/年/年。土壤流失率平均为33.3 t /年/年。约63.36%的集水区在最大容许水平内，36.64%的集水区在最大容许水平以上。约1.96%患者病情危重。在流域的山地和丘陵地区，农业活动是主要原因。结论:该结果对对流域长期管理感兴趣的规划者和资源管理者至关重要。此外，这对2030年可持续增长发展议程也非常重要。
{"title":"Estimation of average annual soil loss rates and its prioritization at sub-watershed level using RUSLE: A case of Finca’aa, Oromiya, Western Ethiopia","authors":"S. Kebede, F. Fufa","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Because of natural and anthropogenic phenomena, most mountain areas experience significant soil loss. It is critical for watershed management to identify high soil loss rates and prone areas. Therefore, the present research aimed to estimate spatial annual soil loss rates and prioritize soil erosion prone areas of the Finca’aa watershed at sub-watershed level. Methods: The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model, the extension of geographic information system based on five parameters: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and slope steepness (LS), vegetation cover (C), and conservation techniques (P), was applied. This study also used weather data, a soil type map, a digital elevation model (DEM), and land use land cover, which were all analyzed using ArcGIS 10.4. Results: Annual soil loss rates ranged from negligible to 234 t ha-1 yr-1. The average rates of soil loss was 33.3 t ha-1 yr-1. Approximately 63.36% of the catchment was within and 36.64% of the catchment was above the maximum permissible level, respectively. Approximately 1.96% were in critical condition. Agricultural practices were the primary cause in the watershed’s mountain and hilly areas. Conclusion: The outcome is critical for planners and resource managers interested in long-term watershed management. Also, it is very important for sustainable growth development of 2030 agendas.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48168028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Heavy metals remain tenacious in the environment which further leads to emerging bioaccumulation, rising through the food chain. Birds are great environmental sentinels that can spot even the smallest changes. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity of heavy metals, specifically Ni, copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and Se, in the feathers, liver, kidney, muscle, and bones of spotted owlets (Athene brama), which were opportunistically collected from a variety of contaminated ecosystems in the urbanized landscapes of Visakhapatnam on India’s East Coast. Methods: Opportunistic sample collection was done followed by necropsy. Following standard protocols, organic samples were digested by adding 10 mL HNO3 , 5 mL of HClO4 , and 2 mL of H2 O2 to eliminate the excess organic matter. Results: Based on the GIS data, raptors were shown to occur in production landscapes and mostly in urban spaces, and currently, are under several anthropogenic threats. The findings showed that the sequence of heavy metal concentrations was Ti>Al>Cu>Ni>Se, but the tissues of birds in which metals accumulated are in the following order: liver>kidney>bones>muscle. The tissues of A. brama showed the signs of significant concentrations of Ti and Al. The results obtained were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. Conclusion: Heavy metal studies on various matrices of the environment have been performed over time with certain metals either neglected or not being documented properly. The main finding of this study is the first report of Ti and Al in bird species from India as there is a lacuna in this context.
{"title":"Biomonitoring of heavy metal signatures in urbanized contaminated ecosystems of Southern India: A case study using raptor, Athene brama","authors":"Sanchari Biswas, Ramakrishna Chinthala","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heavy metals remain tenacious in the environment which further leads to emerging bioaccumulation, rising through the food chain. Birds are great environmental sentinels that can spot even the smallest changes. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity of heavy metals, specifically Ni, copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and Se, in the feathers, liver, kidney, muscle, and bones of spotted owlets (Athene brama), which were opportunistically collected from a variety of contaminated ecosystems in the urbanized landscapes of Visakhapatnam on India’s East Coast. Methods: Opportunistic sample collection was done followed by necropsy. Following standard protocols, organic samples were digested by adding 10 mL HNO3 , 5 mL of HClO4 , and 2 mL of H2 O2 to eliminate the excess organic matter. Results: Based on the GIS data, raptors were shown to occur in production landscapes and mostly in urban spaces, and currently, are under several anthropogenic threats. The findings showed that the sequence of heavy metal concentrations was Ti>Al>Cu>Ni>Se, but the tissues of birds in which metals accumulated are in the following order: liver>kidney>bones>muscle. The tissues of A. brama showed the signs of significant concentrations of Ti and Al. The results obtained were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. Conclusion: Heavy metal studies on various matrices of the environment have been performed over time with certain metals either neglected or not being documented properly. The main finding of this study is the first report of Ti and Al in bird species from India as there is a lacuna in this context.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47032301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Doghbage, Hassen Boukerker, Fathi Abdellatif Belhouadjeb, B. Nedjimi
Background: The problem of soil contamination is a major concern of emerging countries. Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and mercury cannot be biodegraded, and therefore, persist in the environment for long periods. It has become essential to develop efficient techniques for decontamination of polluted soils. One of these techniques, phytoremediation, is economically viable and compatible with environmental preservation policies. The application of phytoremediation in salty areas requires the use of plants that are able to tolerate heavy metals and high soil salinity. Atriplex halimus is one of the species with a great purification potential, which is a spontaneous halophyte species, and endowed with a fairly important aerial and root biomass. This study aimed to determine the effect of cadmium sulfate (CdSO4 ) on the germination and growth of A. halimus, and to assess its ability to accumulate cadmium and proline. Methods: This is an experimental study of the tolerance of A. halimus to increasing concentrations of CdSO4 by an in vivo test. This study aimed to assess the degree of tolerance of this perennial species towards different concentrations of CdSO4 . Results: The results show a non-significant effect of CdSO4 on the seed germination rate and growth of the aerial and root parts. However, a significant accumulation of proline was observed especially in the aerial part, whereas the highest cadmium content was recorded at the roots. Conclusion: According to the results, this species can be used in phytoremediation to decontaminate soils contaminated by heavy metals.
{"title":"Phytoremediation by using Atriplex halimus subsp. schweinfurthii as a bio-absorbent of Cadmium in the soil","authors":"A. Doghbage, Hassen Boukerker, Fathi Abdellatif Belhouadjeb, B. Nedjimi","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The problem of soil contamination is a major concern of emerging countries. Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and mercury cannot be biodegraded, and therefore, persist in the environment for long periods. It has become essential to develop efficient techniques for decontamination of polluted soils. One of these techniques, phytoremediation, is economically viable and compatible with environmental preservation policies. The application of phytoremediation in salty areas requires the use of plants that are able to tolerate heavy metals and high soil salinity. Atriplex halimus is one of the species with a great purification potential, which is a spontaneous halophyte species, and endowed with a fairly important aerial and root biomass. This study aimed to determine the effect of cadmium sulfate (CdSO4 ) on the germination and growth of A. halimus, and to assess its ability to accumulate cadmium and proline. Methods: This is an experimental study of the tolerance of A. halimus to increasing concentrations of CdSO4 by an in vivo test. This study aimed to assess the degree of tolerance of this perennial species towards different concentrations of CdSO4 . Results: The results show a non-significant effect of CdSO4 on the seed germination rate and growth of the aerial and root parts. However, a significant accumulation of proline was observed especially in the aerial part, whereas the highest cadmium content was recorded at the roots. Conclusion: According to the results, this species can be used in phytoremediation to decontaminate soils contaminated by heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43735269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sarmadi, Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi, S. M. Ahmadi-Soleimani, H. Ebrahimipour, Mohammadreza Rezaiemanesh, Hadi Alizadeh-Siuki, S. Barzanouni, Mahdieh Torkzadeh, Mohammadreza Askari, S. Rahimi
Background: Despite the mass vaccination of people in countries, preventive health guidelines of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still one of the most critical factors for pandemic control. The objectives of this study were to assess the overall use of face masks and investigate the diverse kinds of face masks used among pedestrians in northeast Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed in Torbat Heydariyeh, northeastern Iran, from February 19 to May 13, 2020. A total of 223 848 pedestrians were selected from 25 points of the city, using a multistage sampling method in 10 stages. Descriptive statistics were presented with frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to assess the association between two categorical variables. Results: The overall percent of face mask usage was 78.68%. Women used face masks considerably higher than men (88.32% vs. 69.02%, P<0.001). Among the male and female pedestrians who used the mask, 6.27% and 2.04% wore face mask incorrectly, respectively. Surgical masks (73.7%) were the most common face masks worn by pedestrians. Overall, the face mask usage was significantly lower during a.m. (88.34%) compared to p.m. (78.52%) (P<0.001). Also, the face mask usage was significantly higher in the center sections of the city (86.49%) compared to the outskirts (43.67%) (P<0.001). Conclusion: Women use face masks significantly more than men. Using educational programs and establishing laws and regulations to prevent pandemics in cities is considered as a key factor.
{"title":"Face mask use among pedestrians during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northeast Iran: A survey on 223,848 pedestrians","authors":"M. Sarmadi, Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi, S. M. Ahmadi-Soleimani, H. Ebrahimipour, Mohammadreza Rezaiemanesh, Hadi Alizadeh-Siuki, S. Barzanouni, Mahdieh Torkzadeh, Mohammadreza Askari, S. Rahimi","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the mass vaccination of people in countries, preventive health guidelines of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still one of the most critical factors for pandemic control. The objectives of this study were to assess the overall use of face masks and investigate the diverse kinds of face masks used among pedestrians in northeast Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed in Torbat Heydariyeh, northeastern Iran, from February 19 to May 13, 2020. A total of 223 848 pedestrians were selected from 25 points of the city, using a multistage sampling method in 10 stages. Descriptive statistics were presented with frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to assess the association between two categorical variables. Results: The overall percent of face mask usage was 78.68%. Women used face masks considerably higher than men (88.32% vs. 69.02%, P<0.001). Among the male and female pedestrians who used the mask, 6.27% and 2.04% wore face mask incorrectly, respectively. Surgical masks (73.7%) were the most common face masks worn by pedestrians. Overall, the face mask usage was significantly lower during a.m. (88.34%) compared to p.m. (78.52%) (P<0.001). Also, the face mask usage was significantly higher in the center sections of the city (86.49%) compared to the outskirts (43.67%) (P<0.001). Conclusion: Women use face masks significantly more than men. Using educational programs and establishing laws and regulations to prevent pandemics in cities is considered as a key factor.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45502225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Yousefi, Esmaeel Babanejad, R. Mohammadpour, Hajar Noori Esbokolaee
Background: Worldwide, more than 10 million regions with an area of more than 20 million hectares are considered contaminated soils. The expansion in industrial activities and urbanization has led to accumulation of high concentration of cadmium (Cd) in soil and water resources, which is a serious danger for environment and human health. Phytoremediation is a technique recommended for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils, sediments, and waters. This study aimed to investigate the Portulaca oleracea in the removal of Cd from contaminated soil. Methods: To investigate the effect of P. oleracea phytoremediation on the removal of Cd, in 5 pots, 3 kg of soil was poured. And in each pot, 10 seeds were pursued. The pots were irrigated twice a week for 8 weeks with concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L Cd. After 8 weeks, the amount of Cd of roots, shoots, and leaves was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The results showed that Cd accumulation in purslane plants was significant (P=0.008) and the highest Cd accumulation was in leaves and shoots, and increasing Cd concentration prevented plant growth and led to lower growth at higher concentrations. Conclusion: According to the results, P. oleracea can be used for the phytoremediation of Cd.
{"title":"Evaluation of Cd phytoremediation by Portulaca oleracea irrigated by contaminated water","authors":"Z. Yousefi, Esmaeel Babanejad, R. Mohammadpour, Hajar Noori Esbokolaee","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.08","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Worldwide, more than 10 million regions with an area of more than 20 million hectares are considered contaminated soils. The expansion in industrial activities and urbanization has led to accumulation of high concentration of cadmium (Cd) in soil and water resources, which is a serious danger for environment and human health. Phytoremediation is a technique recommended for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils, sediments, and waters. This study aimed to investigate the Portulaca oleracea in the removal of Cd from contaminated soil. Methods: To investigate the effect of P. oleracea phytoremediation on the removal of Cd, in 5 pots, 3 kg of soil was poured. And in each pot, 10 seeds were pursued. The pots were irrigated twice a week for 8 weeks with concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L Cd. After 8 weeks, the amount of Cd of roots, shoots, and leaves was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The results showed that Cd accumulation in purslane plants was significant (P=0.008) and the highest Cd accumulation was in leaves and shoots, and increasing Cd concentration prevented plant growth and led to lower growth at higher concentrations. Conclusion: According to the results, P. oleracea can be used for the phytoremediation of Cd.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43007722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Sahlabadi, A. Eslami, N. Alavi, M. Sadani, M. Torabbeigi, M. Arshadi
Background: Tetrabrombisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the major brominated flame retardants (BFRs) used in waste mobile phone printed circuit boards (WMPPCB) that accounts for approximately 60% of the total BFR market. Methods: The potential of TBBPA removal from WMPPCB leached solution was investigated using micelle-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) in the presence of cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants. The efficiency of several parameters including surfactant concentration, transmembrane pressure (TMP), pH, and TBBPA concentration, was evaluated to improve the MEUF. The optimal conditions were used to assess the MEUF for removing TBBPA in a real sample. Results: The cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) showed better performance than other surfactants in removing TBBPA due to its electrostatic interactions with anionic forms of TBBPA. The removal efficiency of TBBPA increased from 48.99% to 99.10% by adding a surfactant (less than the critical micelle concentration). Increasing the pH in the range of 5 to 11 increased the efficiency of TBBPA removal due to the increase in the TBBPA solubility in the micelles. TMP had the most significant effect on permeate flux compared to other parameters but did not significantly affect the TBBPA removal efficiency. The MEUF process effectively removed (above 99%) TBBPA in the concentration range of 20 to 80 mg L-1 under optimal conditions. The HPLC-UV analysis of the real sample indicated the removal efficiency of 100% of TBBPA. Conclusion: MEUF using CPC is a critical performance technology for removing TBBPA from the leached solution of electronic waste.
{"title":"High-efficient removal of tetrabromobisphenol A from waste mobile phone printed circuit boards leached solution by micellar enhanced ultrafiltration","authors":"Fatemeh Sahlabadi, A. Eslami, N. Alavi, M. Sadani, M. Torabbeigi, M. Arshadi","doi":"10.34172/ehem.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tetrabrombisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the major brominated flame retardants (BFRs) used in waste mobile phone printed circuit boards (WMPPCB) that accounts for approximately 60% of the total BFR market. Methods: The potential of TBBPA removal from WMPPCB leached solution was investigated using micelle-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) in the presence of cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants. The efficiency of several parameters including surfactant concentration, transmembrane pressure (TMP), pH, and TBBPA concentration, was evaluated to improve the MEUF. The optimal conditions were used to assess the MEUF for removing TBBPA in a real sample. Results: The cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) showed better performance than other surfactants in removing TBBPA due to its electrostatic interactions with anionic forms of TBBPA. The removal efficiency of TBBPA increased from 48.99% to 99.10% by adding a surfactant (less than the critical micelle concentration). Increasing the pH in the range of 5 to 11 increased the efficiency of TBBPA removal due to the increase in the TBBPA solubility in the micelles. TMP had the most significant effect on permeate flux compared to other parameters but did not significantly affect the TBBPA removal efficiency. The MEUF process effectively removed (above 99%) TBBPA in the concentration range of 20 to 80 mg L-1 under optimal conditions. The HPLC-UV analysis of the real sample indicated the removal efficiency of 100% of TBBPA. Conclusion: MEUF using CPC is a critical performance technology for removing TBBPA from the leached solution of electronic waste.","PeriodicalId":51877,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41460302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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