Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2022.2164084
Sanju R. Phulpagar, G. Kale
Prioritization of groundwater (GW) blocks and identification of factors affecting declining trends (DTs) in seasonal GW are essential to know where and why GW management strategies need to be applied. GW scarcity is observed in the eastern part of Rajasthan, India, in which the Bharatpur division is situated. Thus, in the present study, two innovative approaches are applied for the prioritization of GW blocks and identifying factors affecting DTs in seasonal GW (1994–2018) of each block in districts of the Bharatpur division, Rajasthan. Prioritization of aforesaid GW blocks is performed by using trend analyses in aforesaid TS, while identification of factors affecting DTs in aforesaid TS is performed by analyzing trends in mean temperature (MNTEMP) and rainfall (RF). The results showed that in most of the blocks, GW is found to be declining due to decreasing RF and increasing MNTEMP. The aforesaid approaches are universally applicable.
{"title":"Innovative approaches for sustainable groundwater management","authors":"Sanju R. Phulpagar, G. Kale","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2022.2164084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2022.2164084","url":null,"abstract":"Prioritization of groundwater (GW) blocks and identification of factors affecting declining trends (DTs) in seasonal GW are essential to know where and why GW management strategies need to be applied. GW scarcity is observed in the eastern part of Rajasthan, India, in which the Bharatpur division is situated. Thus, in the present study, two innovative approaches are applied for the prioritization of GW blocks and identifying factors affecting DTs in seasonal GW (1994–2018) of each block in districts of the Bharatpur division, Rajasthan. Prioritization of aforesaid GW blocks is performed by using trend analyses in aforesaid TS, while identification of factors affecting DTs in aforesaid TS is performed by analyzing trends in mean temperature (MNTEMP) and rainfall (RF). The results showed that in most of the blocks, GW is found to be declining due to decreasing RF and increasing MNTEMP. The aforesaid approaches are universally applicable.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48424024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2022.2156401
J. Sempewo, Daniel Twite, Philip Nyenje, Seith N. Mugume
Globally, surface water sources are important sources of drinking water and knowledge on their availability and sustainability is important for their protection. Such studies in data-poor regions are very limited. This paper compares the performance of SWAT and HEC-HMS in the event and continuous modeling of rainfall–runoff in two tropical catchments, a low laying and a mountainous one. Model calibration and validation were done using observed streamflow data at Busiu station for Manafwa and at Sezibwa falls for Sezibwa for the period 2000–2013. The results were compared based on objective functions and also the t-test was used to test the statistical significance of the difference in performance. The results show that HEC-HMS performed better than SWAT in Manafwa catchment (p = .003 and p = .000 during calibration and validation, respectively) while in Sezibwa the difference in model performance was not statistically significant (p = .63) although, during calibration, HEC-HMS performed better (p = .01).
{"title":"Comparison of SWAT and HEC-HMS model performance in simulating catchment runoff","authors":"J. Sempewo, Daniel Twite, Philip Nyenje, Seith N. Mugume","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2022.2156401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2022.2156401","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, surface water sources are important sources of drinking water and knowledge on their availability and sustainability is important for their protection. Such studies in data-poor regions are very limited. This paper compares the performance of SWAT and HEC-HMS in the event and continuous modeling of rainfall–runoff in two tropical catchments, a low laying and a mountainous one. Model calibration and validation were done using observed streamflow data at Busiu station for Manafwa and at Sezibwa falls for Sezibwa for the period 2000–2013. The results were compared based on objective functions and also the t-test was used to test the statistical significance of the difference in performance. The results show that HEC-HMS performed better than SWAT in Manafwa catchment (p = .003 and p = .000 during calibration and validation, respectively) while in Sezibwa the difference in model performance was not statistically significant (p = .63) although, during calibration, HEC-HMS performed better (p = .01).","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43892159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2022.2031322
R. Karale, D. V. Wadkar, M. Wagh
Pharmaceutical compounds 2-Aminopyridine were detected in drinking water, surface water, and groundwater. 2-Aminopyridine is a colourless solid used for manufacturing drugs, sulphapyridine which is extremely poisonous and carcinogenic. Its appearance in drinking water needs prior treatment to dispose of safely. Fenton, Photo-Fenton oxidation processes were carried out to degrade 2-Aminopyridine. Parameters like pH, the dosage of Hydrogen peroxide, and Iron are optimized for the effective degradation of a 2-Aminopyridine compound in water. The effect of the initial concentration (10-80) mg/L of a 2-Aminopyridine pharmaceutical compound on degradation was studied. Drug at initial concentration of 10 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 80 mg/L is 100% degraded in 30 mins,45 mins and 120 mins respectively. Similarly, COD removals of 94.6%, 88.6% and 81% were detected at 10 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 80 mg/L of initial drug dosage. The degradation was enhanced by photo-Fenton oxidation. Both the drug degradation and COD reduction were improved by UV-C-assisted photo-Fenton oxidation processes.
{"title":"Effect of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ion on the degradation of 2-Aminopyridine","authors":"R. Karale, D. V. Wadkar, M. Wagh","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2022.2031322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2022.2031322","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical compounds 2-Aminopyridine were detected in drinking water, surface water, and groundwater. 2-Aminopyridine is a colourless solid used for manufacturing drugs, sulphapyridine which is extremely poisonous and carcinogenic. Its appearance in drinking water needs prior treatment to dispose of safely. Fenton, Photo-Fenton oxidation processes were carried out to degrade 2-Aminopyridine. Parameters like pH, the dosage of Hydrogen peroxide, and Iron are optimized for the effective degradation of a 2-Aminopyridine compound in water. The effect of the initial concentration (10-80) mg/L of a 2-Aminopyridine pharmaceutical compound on degradation was studied. Drug at initial concentration of 10 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 80 mg/L is 100% degraded in 30 mins,45 mins and 120 mins respectively. Similarly, COD removals of 94.6%, 88.6% and 81% were detected at 10 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 80 mg/L of initial drug dosage. The degradation was enhanced by photo-Fenton oxidation. Both the drug degradation and COD reduction were improved by UV-C-assisted photo-Fenton oxidation processes.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"54 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45967418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2022.2084165
Iverson Italo Siebert, Michael Mannich, T. Bleninger
An application of a large-scale PIV technique on a scaled hydraulic model of a hydroelectric powerplant was performed. A detailed study regarding the relationship between the tracer size (paper confetti) and the spatial resolution settings of the statistical correlation program was carried out. The validated parameters and operational procedures were used for the flow characterization in two areas: the spillway approaching area and the tailrace channel. The larger tracer (10 mm diameter) performed better. The manual particle seeding showed to produce negative bias effects in velocity measurements, due to particle agglomeration. The low-cost measurements resulted in velocity field information of a resurgence flow in the tailrace channel measured with only 10 pairs of images. The study showed, as a proof of concept, that hydraulic model studies could easily be complemented with LS-PIV techniques providing spatial and temporal variations of velocity fields for flow analysis with advantages against intrusive point-based measurement techniques.
{"title":"Low-cost surface particle image velocimetry for hydraulic model studies","authors":"Iverson Italo Siebert, Michael Mannich, T. Bleninger","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2022.2084165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2022.2084165","url":null,"abstract":"An application of a large-scale PIV technique on a scaled hydraulic model of a hydroelectric powerplant was performed. A detailed study regarding the relationship between the tracer size (paper confetti) and the spatial resolution settings of the statistical correlation program was carried out. The validated parameters and operational procedures were used for the flow characterization in two areas: the spillway approaching area and the tailrace channel. The larger tracer (10 mm diameter) performed better. The manual particle seeding showed to produce negative bias effects in velocity measurements, due to particle agglomeration. The low-cost measurements resulted in velocity field information of a resurgence flow in the tailrace channel measured with only 10 pairs of images. The study showed, as a proof of concept, that hydraulic model studies could easily be complemented with LS-PIV techniques providing spatial and temporal variations of velocity fields for flow analysis with advantages against intrusive point-based measurement techniques.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"104 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44846976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2022.2155716
Azzedine Otmani, A. Hazzab, M. Atallah, C. Apollonio, A. Petroselli
This study presents a coupled application of hydrological and hydraulic models to reconstruct a flash flood event of the ungauged watercourse of Wadi Deffa, Algeria. The objective is to compare the performances of three hydrological models (rational method, EBA4SUB, HEC-HMS) and two hydraulic bidimensional models (HEC-RAS 2D, FLO-2D) by using the Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) data. The comparison between the observed and simulated flood areas showed satisfactorily performance of the EBA4SUB-FLO-2D approach compared to the other approaches. The analysis of the observed and simulated flood depths showed a good estimate using the approaches EBA4SUB-FLO-2D and EBA4SUB-HEC-RAS 2D. The best estimate of the two flood depth approaches is attributed to the hydrological model EBA4SUB in estimating the peak flow. The results demonstrate that the EBA4SUB-FLO-2D modeling approach can provide reliable data for the management of flood risks in the ungauged watersheds of the southwest region of Algeria.
{"title":"Using volunteered geographic information data for flood mapping – Wadi Deffa El Bayadh Algeria","authors":"Azzedine Otmani, A. Hazzab, M. Atallah, C. Apollonio, A. Petroselli","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2022.2155716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2022.2155716","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a coupled application of hydrological and hydraulic models to reconstruct a flash flood event of the ungauged watercourse of Wadi Deffa, Algeria. The objective is to compare the performances of three hydrological models (rational method, EBA4SUB, HEC-HMS) and two hydraulic bidimensional models (HEC-RAS 2D, FLO-2D) by using the Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) data. The comparison between the observed and simulated flood areas showed satisfactorily performance of the EBA4SUB-FLO-2D approach compared to the other approaches. The analysis of the observed and simulated flood depths showed a good estimate using the approaches EBA4SUB-FLO-2D and EBA4SUB-HEC-RAS 2D. The best estimate of the two flood depth approaches is attributed to the hydrological model EBA4SUB in estimating the peak flow. The results demonstrate that the EBA4SUB-FLO-2D modeling approach can provide reliable data for the management of flood risks in the ungauged watersheds of the southwest region of Algeria.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44119268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-27DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2022.2144496
Albashir K. Elfaqih, Said O. Belhaj, Abualqasem M. Sawed
This paper investigated the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of using six different power plant configurations powered by renewable energy sources (RES), namely photovoltaic (PV) and wind to provide electricity to operate a reverse osmosis brackish groundwater desalination plant (BWRO) with a capacity of 2 m3/hr, and load power of 6.5 kW. The BWRO plant is located at the Libyan Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies (LCSERS) in the city of Tajura. The six proposed power plants, backed-up with/out batteries and diesel generator were modeled and simulated using HOMER software. Optimal design configurations resulting from the simulation were then selected based on levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and net present cost (NPC) appropriate to the operating conditions at the site. The study showed that the Grid-Connected photovoltaic power plant (PVGC) yielded the lowest levelized cost of water (LCOW), a direct consequence of its lower cost of energy.
{"title":"Feasibility assessment of a BWRO desalination plant powered by renewable energy sources","authors":"Albashir K. Elfaqih, Said O. Belhaj, Abualqasem M. Sawed","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2022.2144496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2022.2144496","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of using six different power plant configurations powered by renewable energy sources (RES), namely photovoltaic (PV) and wind to provide electricity to operate a reverse osmosis brackish groundwater desalination plant (BWRO) with a capacity of 2 m3/hr, and load power of 6.5 kW. The BWRO plant is located at the Libyan Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies (LCSERS) in the city of Tajura. The six proposed power plants, backed-up with/out batteries and diesel generator were modeled and simulated using HOMER software. Optimal design configurations resulting from the simulation were then selected based on levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and net present cost (NPC) appropriate to the operating conditions at the site. The study showed that the Grid-Connected photovoltaic power plant (PVGC) yielded the lowest levelized cost of water (LCOW), a direct consequence of its lower cost of energy.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48518334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2022.2125092
M. Seyyedi, B. Ayati
Of different approaches for refinery effluent treatment, the application of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) (e.g. electro-Fenton) and nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) particles have been of great interest lately. Associated constraints with these methods inspired the design of a sequential hybrid system by which higher treatment efficiency and less energy consumption were acquired compared to a conventional system. The hybrid system consisted of an electro-Fenton and an nZVI slurry system working in sequence. Both sub-systems were first optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and the hybrid system was then designed accordingly. 94.06% of COD removal was achieved by the hybrid system in only 47.5 min at its optimum condition (CODinitial = 500 mg/L, [nZVI] = 0.9 g/L, and H2O2/Fe2+ = 3.6). Whereas it took more than 75 min for the single electro-Fenton system to acquire similar efficiency. GC–MS analysis also supported the superiority of the hybrid system over the conventional one.
{"title":"Design and optimization of a sequential and hybrid advanced oxidation process system using response surface methodology","authors":"M. Seyyedi, B. Ayati","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2022.2125092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2022.2125092","url":null,"abstract":"Of different approaches for refinery effluent treatment, the application of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) (e.g. electro-Fenton) and nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) particles have been of great interest lately. Associated constraints with these methods inspired the design of a sequential hybrid system by which higher treatment efficiency and less energy consumption were acquired compared to a conventional system. The hybrid system consisted of an electro-Fenton and an nZVI slurry system working in sequence. Both sub-systems were first optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and the hybrid system was then designed accordingly. 94.06% of COD removal was achieved by the hybrid system in only 47.5 min at its optimum condition (CODinitial = 500 mg/L, [nZVI] = 0.9 g/L, and H2O2/Fe2+ = 3.6). Whereas it took more than 75 min for the single electro-Fenton system to acquire similar efficiency. GC–MS analysis also supported the superiority of the hybrid system over the conventional one.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"381 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46343156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2022.2132306
Ankit Modi, V. Tare
The baseflow index is a crucial parameter in basin-scale water balance studies. However, it has frequently been neglected for various reasons, viz. near-impossible direct measurement, simplification of the model, and non-existence of the hydro-meteorological data. Hence, baseflow is computed for the Ramganga river basin in the present study, for which a scientific assessment had not been done previously. The classified-archived-observed river discharge data are obtained from Central Water Commission (CWC) and are applied in an analytical filter to assess the baseflow index (BFI) at all exiting CWC hydro-meteorological sites in the Ramganga river basin. The average values of BFIs for the CWC sites vary between 27% and 38%. The results are found to be consistent and showed significance with the hydrological characteristics of the basin. The results have also been discussed to account for various possible anthropogenic effects, which are assessed as having no significant impact.
{"title":"Baseflow index assessment for agriculture-industry led Ramganga river basin","authors":"Ankit Modi, V. Tare","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2022.2132306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2022.2132306","url":null,"abstract":"The baseflow index is a crucial parameter in basin-scale water balance studies. However, it has frequently been neglected for various reasons, viz. near-impossible direct measurement, simplification of the model, and non-existence of the hydro-meteorological data. Hence, baseflow is computed for the Ramganga river basin in the present study, for which a scientific assessment had not been done previously. The classified-archived-observed river discharge data are obtained from Central Water Commission (CWC) and are applied in an analytical filter to assess the baseflow index (BFI) at all exiting CWC hydro-meteorological sites in the Ramganga river basin. The average values of BFIs for the CWC sites vary between 27% and 38%. The results are found to be consistent and showed significance with the hydrological characteristics of the basin. The results have also been discussed to account for various possible anthropogenic effects, which are assessed as having no significant impact.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"407 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49219046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2022.2125093
Zhen-ren Guo, Nabiihah Abd Salam, Hj Mohd Khairuldini Hj Metali, Asmaal Muizz Sallehhin Hj Mohammad Sultan, S. Shams
The standard exponential wash-off function has been widely adopted in urban stormwater quality models and tested in many studies of sediment wash-off experiments. There is neither sufficient information on the wash-off coefficients for other types of pollutant nor a good mathematical interpretation that accounts for the effects of surface features on wash-off processes. This study assesses the standard exponential wash-off function using experimental data on the wash-off of various types of pollutant. In-situ wash-off experiments using simulated rainfalls were conducted in typical urban areas with various landuse. Experimental data from the literature were also analysed to support the examination. Mass balance requirement was always applied as a criterion in the experimental data analysis and wash-off model examination. The experimental results indicate that wash-off processes of organic pollutants (BOD5), nitrate (NO3), total oil and grease (TOG), total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and coliform stochastically comply with the standard exponential function. Highlights In-situ wash-off experiments were conducted for BOD5, NO3, TOG, TPH, coliforms and TSS. Wash-off coefficients of BOD5, NO3, TOG, TPH, coliforms and TSS are identified stochastically. Mass balance requirement is introduced to examine the mathematical interpretations of wash-off models. An improved exponential wash-off function with more input parameters is suggested.
{"title":"Examination of the exponential wash-off function using experimental data","authors":"Zhen-ren Guo, Nabiihah Abd Salam, Hj Mohd Khairuldini Hj Metali, Asmaal Muizz Sallehhin Hj Mohammad Sultan, S. Shams","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2022.2125093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2022.2125093","url":null,"abstract":"The standard exponential wash-off function has been widely adopted in urban stormwater quality models and tested in many studies of sediment wash-off experiments. There is neither sufficient information on the wash-off coefficients for other types of pollutant nor a good mathematical interpretation that accounts for the effects of surface features on wash-off processes. This study assesses the standard exponential wash-off function using experimental data on the wash-off of various types of pollutant. In-situ wash-off experiments using simulated rainfalls were conducted in typical urban areas with various landuse. Experimental data from the literature were also analysed to support the examination. Mass balance requirement was always applied as a criterion in the experimental data analysis and wash-off model examination. The experimental results indicate that wash-off processes of organic pollutants (BOD5), nitrate (NO3), total oil and grease (TOG), total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and coliform stochastically comply with the standard exponential function. Highlights In-situ wash-off experiments were conducted for BOD5, NO3, TOG, TPH, coliforms and TSS. Wash-off coefficients of BOD5, NO3, TOG, TPH, coliforms and TSS are identified stochastically. Mass balance requirement is introduced to examine the mathematical interpretations of wash-off models. An improved exponential wash-off function with more input parameters is suggested.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"394 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42856378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2022.2120918
Fatin A. Alnasrawi, S. Kareem, Layla Ali Mohammed Saleh
In this study, four types of adsorbents were examined for their ability to remove methylene blue MB from aqueous solution by adsorption in a fixed bed system. The adsorbents used were activated carbon (AC), manufactured activated carbon (ACPP1), chemically activated carbon with nitric acid (10% wt) (ACPP2), and with nitric acid and H2SO4 (ratio 1:1) (ACPP3). 28 experiments were conducted to test the effect of MB concentrations, adsorbent bed depth, and solution flow rate. Langmuir and Freundlich as isotherm models were analyzed by nonlinear regression. For AC and ACPP1 the adsorption occurred under heterogeneous and multilayer surfaces. Conversely, for ACPP2 and ACPP3 adsorbent, homogeneous and monolayer control adsorption of MB on this adsorbent and maximum adsorption capacity was 33.149 and 38.508 mg/g for MB onto ACPP2 and ACPP3, respectively. The effect of the flow rate (132,200 and 250 cc/min), bed height (0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 m), and initial MB concentration (150, 300, and 500 mg/l) on the performance of the breakthrough curves were clarified. The Bohart-Adams and Thomas-BDST models have a better correlation in relation to the analysis of fixed bed data.
{"title":"Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using different types of activated carbon","authors":"Fatin A. Alnasrawi, S. Kareem, Layla Ali Mohammed Saleh","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2022.2120918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2022.2120918","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, four types of adsorbents were examined for their ability to remove methylene blue MB from aqueous solution by adsorption in a fixed bed system. The adsorbents used were activated carbon (AC), manufactured activated carbon (ACPP1), chemically activated carbon with nitric acid (10% wt) (ACPP2), and with nitric acid and H2SO4 (ratio 1:1) (ACPP3). 28 experiments were conducted to test the effect of MB concentrations, adsorbent bed depth, and solution flow rate. Langmuir and Freundlich as isotherm models were analyzed by nonlinear regression. For AC and ACPP1 the adsorption occurred under heterogeneous and multilayer surfaces. Conversely, for ACPP2 and ACPP3 adsorbent, homogeneous and monolayer control adsorption of MB on this adsorbent and maximum adsorption capacity was 33.149 and 38.508 mg/g for MB onto ACPP2 and ACPP3, respectively. The effect of the flow rate (132,200 and 250 cc/min), bed height (0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 m), and initial MB concentration (150, 300, and 500 mg/l) on the performance of the breakthrough curves were clarified. The Bohart-Adams and Thomas-BDST models have a better correlation in relation to the analysis of fixed bed data.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"370 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47538672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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