Throughout most of the eighteenth-century, grammarians believed that ch in German words like Macht ‘power’ and Licht ‘light’ had only one place of articulation. In the final quarter of that century three studies discovered that ch in such words represented two places of articulation corresponding to what modern-day linguists call ‘velar’ and ‘palatal’ (Mäzke 1776; Hemmer 1776; Fränklin 1778). The present article concentrates on the years following those three works. While the most widespread claim was that ch represented only one place of articulation, a number of scholars continued in the tradition of Mäzke, Hemmer, and Fränklin by recognizing that ch had more than one place of articulation. The purpose of this article is to document those innovative studies and to assess their understanding of the phonetics and phonology of German ch.
{"title":"The pronunciation of German ch as velar or palatal from 1784 to 1841","authors":"T. A. Hall","doi":"10.1075/hl.00116.hal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00116.hal","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Throughout most of the eighteenth-century, grammarians believed that ch in German words like\u0000 Macht ‘power’ and Licht ‘light’ had only one place of articulation. In the final quarter of\u0000 that century three studies discovered that ch in such words represented two places of articulation corresponding\u0000 to what modern-day linguists call ‘velar’ and ‘palatal’ (Mäzke 1776; Hemmer 1776; Fränklin 1778). The present\u0000 article concentrates on the years following those three works. While the most widespread claim was that ch\u0000 represented only one place of articulation, a number of scholars continued in the tradition of Mäzke, Hemmer, and Fränklin by\u0000 recognizing that ch had more than one place of articulation. The purpose of this article is to document those\u0000 innovative studies and to assess their understanding of the phonetics and phonology of German ch.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43412563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Kilarski (2021): A History of the Study of the Indigenous Languages of North America","authors":"J. Joseph","doi":"10.1075/hl.00115.jos","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00115.jos","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47482704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Van Rooy, Van Hecke & Van Hal (2022): Trilingual Learning: The Study of Greek and Hebrew in a Latin World (1000–1700)","authors":"Eleanor Dickey","doi":"10.1075/hl.00117.dic","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00117.dic","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45681444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le cardinal Lavigérie (1825–1892) avait coutume d’exhorter les membres de la Société des Missionnaires d’Afrique, connus sous le nom de “Pères Blancs”, à étudier les langues des populations locales. L’étude et la publication d’ouvrages en arabe algérien par les Pères Blancs peuvent être divisées en deux périodes: de 1868 à 1940 et de 1940 aux années 1980. Dans la première période, les traductions de la doctrine chrétienne en arabe algérien moderne jouaient un rôle central, bien que certains textes ethnographiques aient également été publiés en arabe algérien. Durant la deuxième période, la majorité des publications était constituée de textes ethnographiques ainsi que de manuels d’apprentissage de l’arabe algérien.
{"title":"L’arabe algérien parmi les pères blancs","authors":"Francisco Moscoso García","doi":"10.1075/hl.00111.mos","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00111.mos","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Le cardinal Lavigérie (1825–1892) avait coutume d’exhorter les membres de la Société des Missionnaires d’Afrique, connus sous\u0000 le nom de “Pères Blancs”, à étudier les langues des populations locales. L’étude et la publication d’ouvrages en arabe algérien\u0000 par les Pères Blancs peuvent être divisées en deux périodes: de 1868 à 1940 et de 1940 aux années 1980. Dans la première période,\u0000 les traductions de la doctrine chrétienne en arabe algérien moderne jouaient un rôle central, bien que certains textes\u0000 ethnographiques aient également été publiés en arabe algérien. Durant la deuxième période, la majorité des publications était\u0000 constituée de textes ethnographiques ainsi que de manuels d’apprentissage de l’arabe algérien.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48349428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Critique de Larcher (2021): L’invention de la luġa al-fuṣḥā: une histoire de l’arabe par les textes","authors":"Julien Sibileau","doi":"10.1075/hl.00112.sib","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00112.sib","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44844631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Is the vocabulary appended to a late copy of the Franciscan missionary Andrés de Olmos’ grammar of Nauatl from 1547 an addendum produced by the same author, thus constituting the earliest known lexicographic work of colonial America? By reviewing the debate surrounding this vocabulary found in the so-called Fischer (Tulane, or TULAL) manuscript and examining it using new insights into dictionary-making in the early modern world, I argue that it postdates the 1540s. In contrast to the assumption that the Fischer vocabulary was a source for the famous Spanish-to-Nauatl dictionary from 1555 by the Franciscan missionary Alonso de Molina, I demonstrate that the author of the vocabulary employed Molina’s later dictionaries from 1571 as its main lexicographic sources. The potential relation to Molina’s early dictionary is also examined and similarly indicates that the Fischer vocabulary was copied from Molina rather than vice versa, although the vocabulary may have been composed at different times.
1547年方济各会传教士安德拉西·德·奥尔莫斯(andrsams de Olmos)所著的《诺尔语法》(grammar of Nauatl)的后期抄本中所附的词汇是否是同一作者所作的增编，从而构成了已知最早的殖民地美洲词典编纂工作?通过回顾在所谓的Fischer (Tulane，或TULAL)手稿中发现的关于这个词汇的争论，并使用对现代早期词典制作的新见解来检查它，我认为它可以追溯到1540年代。与菲舍尔的词汇是1555年由方济各会传教士阿隆索·德·莫利纳(Alonso de Molina)编写的著名的《西班牙-瑙尔语词典》的来源的假设相反，我证明了该词汇的作者使用了莫利纳(Molina) 1571年以后的词典作为其主要的词典编纂来源。与莫利纳早期词典的潜在关系也被检查，同样表明费舍尔的词汇是从莫利纳抄袭的，而不是相反，尽管词汇可能是在不同的时间组成的。
{"title":"Who Copied Whom?","authors":"Casper Jacobsen","doi":"10.1075/hl.00109.jac","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00109.jac","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Is the vocabulary appended to a late copy of the Franciscan missionary Andrés de Olmos’ grammar of Nauatl from 1547 an addendum produced by the same author, thus constituting the earliest known lexicographic work of colonial America? By reviewing the debate surrounding this vocabulary found in the so-called Fischer (Tulane, or TULAL) manuscript and examining it using new insights into dictionary-making in the early modern world, I argue that it postdates the 1540s. In contrast to the assumption that the Fischer vocabulary was a source for the famous Spanish-to-Nauatl dictionary from 1555 by the Franciscan missionary Alonso de Molina, I demonstrate that the author of the vocabulary employed Molina’s later dictionaries from 1571 as its main lexicographic sources. The potential relation to Molina’s early dictionary is also examined and similarly indicates that the Fischer vocabulary was copied from Molina rather than vice versa, although the vocabulary may have been composed at different times.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41627557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frequent contacts between European countries and China during the Qing period kindled interest in the languages spoken in the Qing empire and led to the publication of numerous Western books on Chinese varieties but also on the Manchu language. To describe the features of these distant languages, most of these works adapted Western linguistic categories and terminologies. This was the case of the earliest Western grammar of Manchu, Verbiest’s Elementa linguae tartaricae (1682). However, some Western works progressively integrated elements of the Chinese linguistic tradition. For instance, the grammars of Kaulen (1856) and Harlez (1884) refer to the Chinese categories “full words” (content words) and “empty words” (function words). Other Western works translated or drew on Chinese-Manchu bilingual primers, which in turn adapted the methodology and categories of Chinese philology to the description of Manchu, such as in the textbooks by Shěn (1682) and Wǔ-gé (1730). Their western translations (Domenge n.d.; Wylie 1855; Hoffman 1883) resulted in interesting examples of circulation of linguistic knowledge and amalgamation of descriptive categories.
在清朝时期，欧洲国家和中国之间的频繁接触激发了人们对清帝国所用语言的兴趣，并导致了大量关于汉语变体和满语的西方书籍的出版。为了描述这些遥远语言的特征，这些作品大多采用了西方的语言范畴和术语。这就是最早的西方满语语法，Verbiest的Elementa linguae tartaricae(1682)。然而，一些西方作品逐渐融入了中国语言传统的元素。例如，Kaulen(1856)和Harlez(1884)的语法提到了汉语的“全词”(实词)和“虚词”(虚词)这两个范畴。其他西方著作则翻译或借鉴了汉满双语的入门读物，这些读物又将中国文字学的方法论和范畴用于满语的描述，例如shonn(1682)和Wǔ-gé(1730)的教科书。它们的西方译本(多门奇等;威利1855;霍夫曼(Hoffman, 1883)产生了语言知识循环和描述性范畴合并的有趣例子。
{"title":"The adaptation of Western and Chinese categories to the description of Manchu","authors":"Mariarosaria Gianninoto","doi":"10.1075/hl.00105.gia","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00105.gia","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent contacts between European countries and China during the Qing period kindled interest in the languages spoken in the Qing empire and led to the publication of numerous Western books on Chinese varieties but also on the Manchu language. To describe the features of these distant languages, most of these works adapted Western linguistic categories and terminologies. This was the case of the earliest Western grammar of Manchu, Verbiest’s Elementa linguae tartaricae (1682). However, some Western works progressively integrated elements of the Chinese linguistic tradition. For instance, the grammars of Kaulen (1856) and Harlez (1884) refer to the Chinese categories “full words” (content words) and “empty words” (function words). Other Western works translated or drew on Chinese-Manchu bilingual primers, which in turn adapted the methodology and categories of Chinese philology to the description of Manchu, such as in the textbooks by Shěn (1682) and Wǔ-gé (1730). Their western translations (Domenge n.d.; Wylie 1855; Hoffman 1883) resulted in interesting examples of circulation of linguistic knowledge and amalgamation of descriptive categories.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45665572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Critique de Denecker, Desmet, Jooken, Lauwers, van Hal & van Rooy (2022): The Architecture of Grammar. Studies in Linguistic Historiography in Honor of Pierre Swiggers","authors":"Wolf Dietrich","doi":"10.1075/hl.00107.die","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00107.die","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41461868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Critique de Riemer (2021): L’emprise de la grammaire. Propositions épistémologiques pour une linguistique mineure","authors":"Sémir Badir","doi":"10.1075/hl.00106.bad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00106.bad","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45576271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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