{"title":"Review of Benveniste, Coquet & Fenoglio (2019): Last Lectures. Collège de France 1968 and 1969","authors":"P. Swiggers","doi":"10.1075/HL.00073.SWI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00073.SWI","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43810772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution offers an introduction to an essay by the Russian linguist Lev Vladimirovič Ščerba (1880–1944), “О трояком аспекте языковых явлений и об эксперименте в языкознании” (“The threefold aspect of linguistic phenomena and experiment in linguistics”), which was first published in 1931. This introduction is followed by an annotated translation of Ščerba’s essay, proposed here for the first time to an English-speaking readership (Read the English translation at 10.1075/hl.00075.sce). The critical introduction provides the backstory behind Ščerba’s conception of language as a means of helping the reader to understand the connectedness of the various strands of his linguistic research. As is shown in our introduction, Ščerba’s general distinction between linguistic raw material, the linguistic system and individual speech activity (the “threefold aspect” alluded to in the title of his essay) serves as a framework to conceptualise metalinguistic practice and the relation of the social dimension of language to its individual embodiment. An examination of the explanatory potential of Ščerba’s conception of language for general linguistic problems suggests that his achievements lay in formulating a cohesive account of the interconnectedness of language phenomena, identifying the linguistic means with which to understand the social nature of language, and providing a theoretical basis for addressing the practical tasks of linguistics.
{"title":"L. V. Ščerba’s conception of language","authors":"Olga Campbell-Thomson","doi":"10.1075/HL.00074.CAM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00074.CAM","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This contribution offers an introduction to an essay by the Russian linguist Lev Vladimirovič Ščerba (1880–1944),\u0000 “О трояком аспекте языковых явлений и об эксперименте в языкознании” (“The threefold aspect of linguistic\u0000 phenomena and experiment in linguistics”), which was first published in 1931. This introduction is followed by an annotated\u0000 translation of Ščerba’s essay, proposed here for the first time to an English-speaking readership (Read the English translation at 10.1075/hl.00075.sce).\u0000 The critical introduction provides the backstory behind Ščerba’s conception of language as a means of helping the\u0000 reader to understand the connectedness of the various strands of his linguistic research. As is shown in our introduction,\u0000 Ščerba’s general distinction between linguistic raw material, the linguistic system and individual speech activity (the “threefold\u0000 aspect” alluded to in the title of his essay) serves as a framework to conceptualise metalinguistic practice and the relation of\u0000 the social dimension of language to its individual embodiment. An examination of the explanatory potential of Ščerba’s conception\u0000 of language for general linguistic problems suggests that his achievements lay in formulating a cohesive account of the\u0000 interconnectedness of language phenomena, identifying the linguistic means with which to understand the social nature of language,\u0000 and providing a theoretical basis for addressing the practical tasks of linguistics.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46048968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The threefold aspect of linguistic phenomena and experiment in linguistics*, **","authors":"Lev Vladimirovič Ščerba, Olga Campbell-Thomson","doi":"10.1075/HL.00075.SCE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00075.SCE","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48777129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Joseph (2018): Language, Mind, and Body: A conceptual history","authors":"D. Cram","doi":"10.1075/HL.00076.CRA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00076.CRA","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42859253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the first decades of the 20th century, fieldwork — collection of language data through direct interaction with a native speaker — was foundational to American linguistics. After a mid-century period of neglect, fieldwork has recently been revived as a means to address the increasing rate of language endangerment worldwide. Twenty-first century American fieldwork inherits some, but not all, of the traits of earlier fieldwork. This article examines the history of one controversial issue, whether a field worker should adopt a monolingual approach, learning and using the target language as a medium of exchange with native speakers, as opposed to relying on interpreters or a lingua franca. Although the monolingual approach is not widely practiced, modern proponents argue strongly for its value. The method has been popularized though ‘monolingual demonstrations’ to audiences of linguists, which, curiously, are not wholly consistent with the character of 21st-century fieldwork.
{"title":"The monolingual approach in American linguistic fieldwork","authors":"Margaret Thomas","doi":"10.1075/HL.00078.THO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00078.THO","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the first decades of the 20th century, fieldwork — collection of language data through direct interaction with\u0000 a native speaker — was foundational to American linguistics. After a mid-century period of neglect, fieldwork has recently been\u0000 revived as a means to address the increasing rate of language endangerment worldwide. Twenty-first century American fieldwork\u0000 inherits some, but not all, of the traits of earlier fieldwork. This article examines the history of one controversial issue,\u0000 whether a field worker should adopt a monolingual approach, learning and using the target language as a medium of exchange with\u0000 native speakers, as opposed to relying on interpreters or a lingua franca. Although the monolingual approach is not widely\u0000 practiced, modern proponents argue strongly for its value. The method has been popularized though ‘monolingual demonstrations’ to\u0000 audiences of linguists, which, curiously, are not wholly consistent with the character of 21st-century fieldwork.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41740657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dans le domaine sémitique occidental, l’hébreu, le syriaque et l’arabe, la plus jeune des langues de ce groupe, partagent des termes qui se présentent comme morphophonologiquement semblables et homonymes: respectivementʿillah, ʿelltāetʿilla. Ce dernier, issu du précédent, possède deux significations en arabe, “maladie” d’une part et “cause” d’autre part. Ce serait également le cas du terme grecaitíaqui serait l’équivalent de ces termes sémitiques. Il est toutefois difficile de relier ces deux significations l’une à l’autre, et l’explication classique pour l’arabe est de poser que la seconde dériverait de la première. Cette étude s’attache à montrer que, contrairement à ce que certains avancent, non seulement le terme grec, mais également ses équivalents syriaque et hébreu ne possèdent que le sens de “cause”. Elle propose par ailleurs de voir dans les termes syriaque et hébreu non pas les descendants d’un proto-sémitique commun (rien de comparable n’étant à signaler en akkadien), mais le fruit vraisemblable d’un emprunt fait au bas latin: là, le verbeīnfĕrō, “causer”, y a pour dérivés nominaux des termes enillāt-. En conséquence, ce n’est pas tant le sens de “cause” qu’il s’agirait d’expliquer en arabe, mais bien plutôt celui de “maladie”, et, contrairement à ce qui a été avancé, c’est certainement le sens de “cause” qui est premier et fondamental et non celui de “maladie”, expliquant alors certainement son emploi en grammaire arabe.
{"title":"Unecauseet sesraisonsd’être Solution latine à un problème de terminologie arabe","authors":"M. Sartori","doi":"10.1075/hl.00060.sar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00060.sar","url":null,"abstract":"Dans le domaine sémitique occidental, l’hébreu, le syriaque et l’arabe, la plus jeune des langues de ce groupe, partagent des termes qui se présentent comme morphophonologiquement semblables et homonymes: respectivementʿillah, ʿelltāetʿilla. Ce dernier, issu du précédent, possède deux significations en arabe, “maladie” d’une part et “cause” d’autre part. Ce serait également le cas du terme grecaitíaqui serait l’équivalent de ces termes sémitiques. Il est toutefois difficile de relier ces deux significations l’une à l’autre, et l’explication classique pour l’arabe est de poser que la seconde dériverait de la première. Cette étude s’attache à montrer que, contrairement à ce que certains avancent, non seulement le terme grec, mais également ses équivalents syriaque et hébreu ne possèdent que le sens de “cause”. Elle propose par ailleurs de voir dans les termes syriaque et hébreu non pas les descendants d’un proto-sémitique commun (rien de comparable n’étant à signaler en akkadien), mais le fruit vraisemblable d’un emprunt fait au bas latin: là, le verbeīnfĕrō, “causer”, y a pour dérivés nominaux des termes enillāt-. En conséquence, ce n’est pas tant le sens de “cause” qu’il s’agirait d’expliquer en arabe, mais bien plutôt celui de “maladie”, et, contrairement à ce qui a été avancé, c’est certainement le sens de “cause” qui est premier et fondamental et non celui de “maladie”, expliquant alors certainement son emploi en grammaire arabe.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47878188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wilhelm von Humboldt’s Über die Kawi-Sprache auf der Insel Java can be seen as the first comparative grammar of non-Indo-European languages. While Humboldt’s practice of collecting and re-assembling linguistic information has been documented extensively in the Berlin Academy edition of his Schriften zur Sprachwissenschaft, this article puts his work in perspective by tracing it back to its sources and treating it as part of a wider parallel process of expanding the comparative view. In three sections, this article discusses (1) the research agendas of the three British colonial scholars upon whose works Humboldt drew for Malayan languages; (2) to which extent his Polynesian language material was ‘rawer’ than these compendia; and (3) how he reworked this material into a comparative Malayo-Polynesian grammar. Finally, a comparison is drawn with the work of his assistant and continuator Eduard Buschmann, and with Horatio Hale’s slightly later survey of the languages of the Pacific.
洪堡的Über die Kawi Sprache auf der Insel Java可以被视为非印欧语言的第一个比较语法。尽管洪堡收集和重新组合语言信息的做法在柏林学院版的《Schriften-zur Sprachwisenschaft》中有着广泛的记录，但本文通过追溯其来源并将其视为扩大比较视野的更广泛平行过程的一部分，来正确看待他的工作。本文分三个部分论述：（1）洪堡为马来亚语言所借鉴的三位英国殖民学者的研究议程；（2） 在多大程度上，他的波利尼西亚语言材料比这些药典更“原始”；以及（3）他是如何将这些材料改写成比较马来-波利尼西亚语法的。最后，将其与他的助手兼延续者爱德华·布施曼的工作以及霍雷肖·黑尔稍晚对太平洋语言的调查进行了比较。
{"title":"Expanding the comparative view","authors":"F. Solleveld","doi":"10.1075/hl.00062.sol","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00062.sol","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wilhelm von Humboldt’s Über die Kawi-Sprache auf der Insel Java can be seen as the first comparative\u0000 grammar of non-Indo-European languages. While Humboldt’s practice of collecting and re-assembling linguistic information has been documented\u0000 extensively in the Berlin Academy edition of his Schriften zur Sprachwissenschaft, this article puts his work in\u0000 perspective by tracing it back to its sources and treating it as part of a wider parallel process of expanding the comparative view. In\u0000 three sections, this article discusses (1) the research agendas of the three British colonial scholars upon whose works Humboldt drew for\u0000 Malayan languages; (2) to which extent his Polynesian language material was ‘rawer’ than these compendia; and (3) how he reworked this\u0000 material into a comparative Malayo-Polynesian grammar. Finally, a comparison is drawn with the work of his assistant and continuator Eduard\u0000 Buschmann, and with Horatio Hale’s slightly later survey of the languages of the Pacific.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":"47 1","pages":"52-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49598819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Une ‘grammaire’ des grammaires de la Renaissance","authors":"Iris Plack","doi":"10.1075/hl.00064.pla","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00064.pla","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":"47 1","pages":"109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45242289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses and analyses the 1970 election for President of the Linguistic Society of America. In that year, Dwight Bolinger challenged the official candidate Martin Joos and defeated him easily. We see that it was mainly personal and generational factors, rather than intellectual ones, that led to Bolinger’s victory.
{"title":"Crisis in the Linguistic Society of America","authors":"F. Newmeyer","doi":"10.1075/hl.00063.new","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00063.new","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article discusses and analyses the 1970 election for President of\u0000 the Linguistic Society of America. In that year, Dwight Bolinger\u0000 challenged the official candidate Martin Joos and defeated him easily. We see that it was\u0000 mainly personal and generational factors, rather than intellectual ones, that led to\u0000 Bolinger’s victory.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":"47 1","pages":"83-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44608137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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