This contribution is dedicated to William Dwight Whitney (1827–1897), a scholar who generally has a modest space dedicated to him in the historiography of linguistics, despite his name and works having had considerable circulation among his contemporaries. His originality and method are outlined with particular attention being given to his reception in Europe and in the setting of Italian studies of theoretical and empirical linguistics. Whitney was among the first to contest Schleicher’s concept of language as a natural fact, claiming, instead, that it has social nature, as an ‘institution’ created by man; he was a forerunner in recognizing the relevance of signs and their value, and of language acquisition. In his demonstrations and in his methods he proposes a science of historical linguistics but at the same time it is open to 20th century linguistics and the concept of language as a complex system ordered and crossed by relationships. Both his unique approach to the study of Sanskrit, which emphasised the study of its use and its variants, and his interest for modern languages, makes him a particularly interesting scholar, as he and his reception testify the rise, in Europe and especially in Italy, of a new approach to linguistic issues, no longer exclusively historical-comparative, but also theoretical and general. Nonetheless, Whitney ought to occupy a prominent place in the history of linguistics, because he was also the author of one of the first introductory texts of the discipline, which was published in 1875; in that same year a French translation came out, which was soon followed by an Italian, and a German translation (both 1876).The number of almost contemporaneous translations gives an idea of the gap which a general and introductory work like Whitney’s filled and illustrates that there was a clear need for it. In several works, including recent ones, De Mauro identified the specific characteristics of Italian linguistic studies: we can find a good many of these traits in Whitney as well. Although the fruitful contribution of Whitney’s ideas in an environment which is ‘naturally’ inclined towards the themes and methods the American linguist dealt with, i.e., the ‘Italian linguistic school’, has not been fully recognised until now, it is undeniable that his ideas provided an important stimulus for new interpretations and new models.
{"title":"An American at the origins of European Sprachwissenschaft and Italian historiographical\u0000 thought","authors":"Francesca M. Dovetto","doi":"10.1075/HL.00028.DOV","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00028.DOV","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This contribution is dedicated to William Dwight Whitney (1827–1897), a scholar who generally has a modest space\u0000 dedicated to him in the historiography of linguistics, despite his name and works having had considerable circulation among his\u0000 contemporaries. His originality and method are outlined with particular attention being given to his reception in Europe and in\u0000 the setting of Italian studies of theoretical and empirical linguistics.\u0000 Whitney was among the first to contest Schleicher’s concept of language as a natural fact, claiming, instead, that\u0000 it has social nature, as an ‘institution’ created by man; he was a forerunner in recognizing the relevance of signs and their\u0000 value, and of language acquisition. In his demonstrations and in his methods he proposes a science of historical linguistics but\u0000 at the same time it is open to 20th century linguistics and the concept of language as a complex system ordered and crossed by\u0000 relationships. Both his unique approach to the study of Sanskrit, which emphasised the study of its use and its variants, and his\u0000 interest for modern languages, makes him a particularly interesting scholar, as he and his reception testify the rise, in Europe\u0000 and especially in Italy, of a new approach to linguistic issues, no longer exclusively historical-comparative, but also\u0000 theoretical and general.\u0000 Nonetheless, Whitney ought to occupy a prominent place in the history of linguistics, because he was also the\u0000 author of one of the first introductory texts of the discipline, which was published in 1875; in that same year a French\u0000 translation came out, which was soon followed by an Italian, and a German translation (both 1876).The number of almost\u0000 contemporaneous translations gives an idea of the gap which a general and introductory work like Whitney’s filled and illustrates\u0000 that there was a clear need for it.\u0000 In several works, including recent ones, De Mauro identified the specific characteristics of Italian linguistic\u0000 studies: we can find a good many of these traits in Whitney as well. Although the fruitful contribution of Whitney’s ideas in an\u0000 environment which is ‘naturally’ inclined towards the themes and methods the American linguist dealt with, i.e., the ‘Italian\u0000 linguistic school’, has not been fully recognised until now, it is undeniable that his ideas provided an important stimulus for\u0000 new interpretations and new models.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43652150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le linguiste polonais Mikołaj Kruszewski (1851–1887) est la plupart du temps présenté comme un Néo-grammairien, tout comme du reste son maître et compatriote Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (1845–1929). Mais peut-on faire confiance à ce lieu commun? Pour répondre à cette question, on esquissera dans un premier temps les principales étapes de la vie et de l’œuvre de Kruszewski, ce qui nous permettra de mieux le situer par rapport aux Néo-grammairiens; et on découvre une relation complexe, entre emprunt, imitation, refondation et créativité pure. L’examen des œuvres initiales de Kruszewski, à cheval entre linguistique et ethnographie, et composées avant même la découverte du mouvement néo-grammairien (il s’agit surtout des Formules magiques comme genre de la poésie populaire de 1876), montre en effet que Kruszewski a été bien davantage inspiré par l’ethnologie et la psychologie empiriste anglo-saxonnes qu’il avait découvertes lors de ses années d’étude à Varsovie. Sa pensée s’inscrit donc au confluent de deux héritages scientifiques, l’un anglo-saxon, l’autre germanique, ce qui illustre une fois de plus la fécondité des échanges interculturels.
{"title":"Mikołaj Kruszewski (1851–1887) et les Néo-grammairiens","authors":"R. Comtet","doi":"10.1075/HL.00019.COM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00019.COM","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Le linguiste polonais Mikołaj Kruszewski (1851–1887) est la plupart du temps présenté comme un Néo-grammairien, tout comme du reste son maître et compatriote Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (1845–1929). Mais peut-on faire confiance à ce lieu commun? Pour répondre à cette question, on esquissera dans un premier temps les principales étapes de la vie et de l’œuvre de Kruszewski, ce qui nous permettra de mieux le situer par rapport aux Néo-grammairiens; et on découvre une relation complexe, entre emprunt, imitation, refondation et créativité pure. L’examen des œuvres initiales de Kruszewski, à cheval entre linguistique et ethnographie, et composées avant même la découverte du mouvement néo-grammairien (il s’agit surtout des Formules magiques comme genre de la poésie populaire de 1876), montre en effet que Kruszewski a été bien davantage inspiré par l’ethnologie et la psychologie empiriste anglo-saxonnes qu’il avait découvertes lors de ses années d’étude à Varsovie. Sa pensée s’inscrit donc au confluent de deux héritages scientifiques, l’un anglo-saxon, l’autre germanique, ce qui illustre une fois de plus la fécondité des échanges interculturels.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43402425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Language and Meaning in the Age of Modernism: C. K. Ogden and his Contemporaries. By James McElvenny.","authors":"W. Gordon","doi":"10.1075/HL.00026.GOR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00026.GOR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42920868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La “Collation Sechehaye” du Cours de linguistique générale de Ferdinand de Saussure. Édition, introduction et notes par.","authors":"Anne-Marguerite Frýba-Reber","doi":"10.1075/HL.00025.FRY","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00025.FRY","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45762945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le siècle d’or de la linguistique en Allemagne: De Humboldt à Meyer-Lübke, De Jacques François. Limoges: Lambert-Lucas, 2017.","authors":"Johanna Wolf","doi":"10.1075/HL.00023.WOL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00023.WOL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41717942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents two essays by the renowned Icelandic manuscript collector Árni Magnússon (1663‒1730): De gothicæ lingvæ nomine [On the expression ‘the Gothic language’] and Annotationes aliqvot de lingvis et migrationibus gentium septentrionalium [Some notes on the languages and migrations of the northern peoples]. The two essays are here edited and published in their original language, Latin. Moreover, an English translation is also presented for ease of access. After a short introduction (§ 1), a historical overview of the academic strife between Denmark and Sweden is given (§ 2). Subsequently (§ 3), Árni Magnússon’s life and work are presented. In the following Section (§ 4), the manuscript containing the two essays, AM 436 4to, is described. The two essays are then edited and translated in Section 5. In the last Section (§ 6), the two works are commented and Árni Magnússon’s scholarly thought evaluated.
本文介绍了著名的冰岛手稿收藏家Árni Magnússon(1663-1730)的两篇文章:De gothicæ lingvæ nomine[关于“哥特式语言”的表达]和Annotationes aliqvot De lingvis et migrationibus gentium septentrionalium[关于北方民族的语言和迁移的一些注释]。这两篇文章在这里被编辑并以其原始语言拉丁语出版。此外，还提供了英文翻译，以方便查阅。在简短的介绍(§1)之后，对丹麦和瑞典之间的学术冲突进行了历史概述(§2)。随后(§3)，介绍了Árni Magnússon的生活和工作。在下面的章节(§4)中，描述了包含两篇论文的手稿，AM 4364to。这两篇文章随后在第5部分进行编辑和翻译。最后一节(§6)对两部作品进行评析，评价Árni Magnússon的学术思想。
{"title":"Two Short Essays by Árni Magnússon on the Origins of the Icelandic Language","authors":"G. Verri, Matteo Tarsi","doi":"10.1075/HL.00016.TAR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00016.TAR","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article presents two essays by the renowned Icelandic manuscript collector Árni Magnússon (1663‒1730): De gothicæ lingvæ nomine [On the expression ‘the Gothic language’] and Annotationes aliqvot de lingvis et migrationibus gentium septentrionalium [Some notes on the languages and migrations of the northern peoples]. The two essays are here edited and published in their original language, Latin. Moreover, an English translation is also presented for ease of access. After a short introduction (§ 1), a historical overview of the academic strife between Denmark and Sweden is given (§ 2). Subsequently (§ 3), Árni Magnússon’s life and work are presented. In the following Section (§ 4), the manuscript containing the two essays, AM 436 4to, is described. The two essays are then edited and translated in Section 5. In the last Section (§ 6), the two works are commented and Árni Magnússon’s scholarly thought evaluated.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42567974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Heinz Lenneberg (1921–1975), a neuroscientist and linguist born in Düsseldorf, published his masterpiece Biological Foundations of Language in 1967. This book, now recognized as a classic in the field, inaugurated the scientific study of the biology of language, and has since its publication exerted an enormous influence. However, some interpretations of this work do not accurately capture the author’s biological and linguistic thinking. Here I concentrate on one such interpretation, that of leading generative acquisitionist Kenneth Wexler (1942-), who has formulated what he terms ‘Lenneberg’s dream’, portraying Lenneberg as believing that a trait like language is directly rooted in the genome. The present paper will show that Lenneberg’s view was in fact quite different from that assumed by Wexler. First, while the latter author explicitly adopts the genocentric stance that has characterized generative grammar since its very inception, the former relativized the role of genes and rejected the genome as the direct source of language. Second, Wexler’s position can be shown to be preformationist, assuming the genome to contain a specific program for language; Lenneberg, in contrast, never embraced that position and instead adopted an opposite, epigenesist stance. In sum, Lenneberg dreamt a completely different dream.
{"title":"That Was Not ‘Lenneberg’s Dream’","authors":"V. M. Longa","doi":"10.1075/HL.00020.LON","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00020.LON","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Eric Heinz Lenneberg (1921–1975), a neuroscientist and linguist born in Düsseldorf, published his masterpiece Biological Foundations of Language in 1967. This book, now recognized as a classic in the field, inaugurated the scientific study of the biology of language, and has since its publication exerted an enormous influence. However, some interpretations of this work do not accurately capture the author’s biological and linguistic thinking. Here I concentrate on one such interpretation, that of leading generative acquisitionist Kenneth Wexler (1942-), who has formulated what he terms ‘Lenneberg’s dream’, portraying Lenneberg as believing that a trait like language is directly rooted in the genome. The present paper will show that Lenneberg’s view was in fact quite different from that assumed by Wexler. First, while the latter author explicitly adopts the genocentric stance that has characterized generative grammar since its very inception, the former relativized the role of genes and rejected the genome as the direct source of language. Second, Wexler’s position can be shown to be preformationist, assuming the genome to contain a specific program for language; Lenneberg, in contrast, never embraced that position and instead adopted an opposite, epigenesist stance. In sum, Lenneberg dreamt a completely different dream.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/HL.00020.LON","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most studies on the first histories of the English language go as far back as the 19th century, and dismiss earlier historical accounts of the language. However, 17th- and 18th-century short histories of the English language provide valuable insight into information layout, periodisation criteria, ideological tenets and other material which have left an imprint on the formation of the discipline called History of the English Language. This paper attempts to remedy this lack of attention by providing a catalogue of the first historical accounts of the English language (16th–18th century) with useful bibliographic details which will help future researchers of early accounts of the English language to locate them. The catalogue is accompanied by a description of these accounts which reveals a common pattern regarding contents and organisation.
{"title":"Cataloguing the First Histories of the English Language Written from the Late 16th to the End of the 18th Century","authors":"A. Rodríguez-Álvarez","doi":"10.1075/HL.00017.ROD","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00017.ROD","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Most studies on the first histories of the English language go as far back as the 19th century, and dismiss earlier historical accounts of the language. However, 17th- and 18th-century short histories of the English language provide valuable insight into information layout, periodisation criteria, ideological tenets and other material which have left an imprint on the formation of the discipline called History of the English Language. This paper attempts to remedy this lack of attention by providing a catalogue of the first historical accounts of the English language (16th–18th century) with useful bibliographic details which will help future researchers of early accounts of the English language to locate them. The catalogue is accompanied by a description of these accounts which reveals a common pattern regarding contents and organisation.","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/HL.00017.ROD","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42558591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peter Auer & Robert W. Murray (eds.). Hermann Paul’s 'Principles of Language History' Revisited: Translations and Reflections.","authors":"A. Burkhardt","doi":"10.1075/HL.00024.BUR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/HL.00024.BUR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51928,"journal":{"name":"Historiographia Linguistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49578125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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