As ASOR looks ahead to another century of publishing booklength site reports and continues vigorously to support the thorough publication of archaeological sites, the authors, both editors of long-standing ASOR book series, recognize that a period of significant change is upon us. This change is more than simply making conventional paper books available in digital forms and extends to a fundamental rethinking of the publishing process, new ways of thinking about what constitutes a final publication, and new expectations for professional organizations, institutions, and individuals.
{"title":"The Case for Digital Site Reports","authors":"Jennie R. Ebeling, William Caraher","doi":"10.1086/718167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718167","url":null,"abstract":"As ASOR looks ahead to another century of publishing booklength site reports and continues vigorously to support the thorough publication of archaeological sites, the authors, both editors of long-standing ASOR book series, recognize that a period of significant change is upon us. This change is more than simply making conventional paper books available in digital forms and extends to a fundamental rethinking of the publishing process, new ways of thinking about what constitutes a final publication, and new expectations for professional organizations, institutions, and individuals.","PeriodicalId":51934,"journal":{"name":"NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"85 1","pages":"74 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42977772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Balandier, Ivan Čipin, Britt E. Hartenberger, Moni Islam
The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2021 has disrupted life in just about every way imaginable. Many in the ASOR community have been hindered by the lack of access to collections, publications, and colleagues. For most archaeologists, fieldwork plans came to a screeching halt in spring 2020. While some were able to resume fieldwork in summer 2020 or summer 2021 with smaller teams and new precautions, many have not traveled overseas in nearly two years. While the long-term impact of the pandemic on the discipline in general and ASOR in particular will not be known for years, it is important to share our individual stories and document how our research lives continue to be affected now. In this essay, four archaeologists—two who were able to participate in archaeological fieldwork in 2020–2021 and two who were not—write about their experiences of archaeology in a pandemic.
{"title":"Archaeology in a Pandemic","authors":"C. Balandier, Ivan Čipin, Britt E. Hartenberger, Moni Islam","doi":"10.1086/718201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718201","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2021 has disrupted life in just about every way imaginable. Many in the ASOR community have been hindered by the lack of access to collections, publications, and colleagues. For most archaeologists, fieldwork plans came to a screeching halt in spring 2020. While some were able to resume fieldwork in summer 2020 or summer 2021 with smaller teams and new precautions, many have not traveled overseas in nearly two years. While the long-term impact of the pandemic on the discipline in general and ASOR in particular will not be known for years, it is important to share our individual stories and document how our research lives continue to be affected now. In this essay, four archaeologists—two who were able to participate in archaeological fieldwork in 2020–2021 and two who were not—write about their experiences of archaeology in a pandemic.","PeriodicalId":51934,"journal":{"name":"NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"85 1","pages":"66 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44452777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article argues that a renewed analysis of textile manufacture can bring a fresh perspective to approach the cultural transformations occurring in Cyprus during the mid-third millennium BCE and to investigate their significance. I present the main interpretations on the transition from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age as indicated by current archaeological research and explain the value of textile tools as archaeological indicators. Following this, the available data for selected textile activities (fiber exploitation and thread making) are analyzed and discussed. The final aim is to demonstrate how current narratives can be challenged when technology is not the only aspect considered, and productive purposes and raw materials are also included.
{"title":"Through the Eye of a Needle","authors":"Giulia Muti","doi":"10.1086/718168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718168","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that a renewed analysis of textile manufacture can bring a fresh perspective to approach the cultural transformations occurring in Cyprus during the mid-third millennium BCE and to investigate their significance. I present the main interpretations on the transition from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age as indicated by current archaeological research and explain the value of textile tools as archaeological indicators. Following this, the available data for selected textile activities (fiber exploitation and thread making) are analyzed and discussed. The final aim is to demonstrate how current narratives can be challenged when technology is not the only aspect considered, and productive purposes and raw materials are also included.","PeriodicalId":51934,"journal":{"name":"NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"85 1","pages":"24 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41942344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor’s Note","authors":"Stephanie L. Budin","doi":"10.1086/719604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719604","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51934,"journal":{"name":"NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"85 1","pages":"Inside front cover - Inside front cover"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44094811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As Near Eastern archaeology developed into an academic discipline throughout the nineteenth century, it led to serious considerations on the relationships between those ancient civilizations and contemporary cultures. Issues of progress and decline were particularly paramount as citizens of the European and North American powers considered what the collapse of ancient civilizations implied about the present. Related to these concerns were interests in material and technological progress, and thus the materiality of the ancient Near East became a subject of debate in regard to contemporary design. Here are explored some of the ways that ancient Egypt and the Near East were presented in these hyperreal spectacles, why the past was so fundamental to discussions of the present and future in the nineteenth century, and why comparative geographical approaches to the topic have been so compelling for nonacademic audiences.
{"title":"Progress, Design, and Hyperreal Spectacle","authors":"K. Mcgeough","doi":"10.1086/718165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718165","url":null,"abstract":"As Near Eastern archaeology developed into an academic discipline throughout the nineteenth century, it led to serious considerations on the relationships between those ancient civilizations and contemporary cultures. Issues of progress and decline were particularly paramount as citizens of the European and North American powers considered what the collapse of ancient civilizations implied about the present. Related to these concerns were interests in material and technological progress, and thus the materiality of the ancient Near East became a subject of debate in regard to contemporary design. Here are explored some of the ways that ancient Egypt and the Near East were presented in these hyperreal spectacles, why the past was so fundamental to discussions of the present and future in the nineteenth century, and why comparative geographical approaches to the topic have been so compelling for nonacademic audiences.","PeriodicalId":51934,"journal":{"name":"NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"85 1","pages":"54 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41785514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers the earliest examples of so-called Nude Female iconography that emerged in Mesopotamia in the Early Dynastic period, with a particular focus on the aspects of nudity and gesture. Rather than concluding that these images represent goddesses or concepts such as fertility, the data reveal that in the Early Dynastic period female nudity was no different than male nudity.
{"title":"Nude Awakenings","authors":"S. Budin","doi":"10.1086/718192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718192","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the earliest examples of so-called Nude Female iconography that emerged in Mesopotamia in the Early Dynastic period, with a particular focus on the aspects of nudity and gesture. Rather than concluding that these images represent goddesses or concepts such as fertility, the data reveal that in the Early Dynastic period female nudity was no different than male nudity.","PeriodicalId":51934,"journal":{"name":"NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"85 1","pages":"34 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48923414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pauline Piraud-Fournet, John Green, Noreen Doyle, P. P. Creasman
The Temple of the Winged Lions (TWL) in Petra is a Nabataean ritual complex, with workshops and domestic spaces, founded in the early first century CE and active until the earthquake of 363 CE. This paper begins to fill lacunae in the published record about the TWL, offering a summary of its less-reported aspects and suggesting that conclusions drawn from earlier excavations (1974–2005) must be reassessed through a full study that draws from recent work in Petra and the wider region. The TWL is a contextually rich site for the study of ancient ritual, economy, and society in the Nabataean and Greco-Roman world, providing opportunities to test ideas on social identity, cultural hybridity, and indigeneity through a combined study of architecture, objects, and spatial organization. In parallel to this research, the TWL Cultural Resource Management Initiative of ACOR (2009–present) has also undertaken major public archaeology, conservation, and site presentation activities.
{"title":"The Temple of the Winged Lions, Petra","authors":"Pauline Piraud-Fournet, John Green, Noreen Doyle, P. P. Creasman","doi":"10.1086/716829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/716829","url":null,"abstract":"The Temple of the Winged Lions (TWL) in Petra is a Nabataean ritual complex, with workshops and domestic spaces, founded in the early first century CE and active until the earthquake of 363 CE. This paper begins to fill lacunae in the published record about the TWL, offering a summary of its less-reported aspects and suggesting that conclusions drawn from earlier excavations (1974–2005) must be reassessed through a full study that draws from recent work in Petra and the wider region. The TWL is a contextually rich site for the study of ancient ritual, economy, and society in the Nabataean and Greco-Roman world, providing opportunities to test ideas on social identity, cultural hybridity, and indigeneity through a combined study of architecture, objects, and spatial organization. In parallel to this research, the TWL Cultural Resource Management Initiative of ACOR (2009–present) has also undertaken major public archaeology, conservation, and site presentation activities.","PeriodicalId":51934,"journal":{"name":"NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"84 1","pages":"293 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46292122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During preliminary fieldwork at an endangered site in the Shahroud area in northeast Iran, evidence of two transitional periods in the Neolithic sequence of the region were observed and partially documented. The first transition, around 6700–6200 BCE, corresponds with the temporal gap between the West Mound and the East Mound of Sang-e Chakhmaq sequences, as the type sites of the Aceramic/Proto-Ceramic Neolithic and the Ceramic Neolithic of northeastern Iran, respectively. The second transition demonstrates the contextual relationship between the ceramic of the final phase of Chakhmaq culture and the first manifestation of the distinct ceramic of the succeeding culture of Cheshmeh Ali in the second half of the sixth millennium BCE. This is the first time that evidence of these two transitions, augmented by new 14C dates, has been documented.
{"title":"New Evidence of Two Transitions in the Neolithic Sequence of Northeastern Iran","authors":"K. Roustaei, H. Rezvani","doi":"10.1086/716827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/716827","url":null,"abstract":"During preliminary fieldwork at an endangered site in the Shahroud area in northeast Iran, evidence of two transitional periods in the Neolithic sequence of the region were observed and partially documented. The first transition, around 6700–6200 BCE, corresponds with the temporal gap between the West Mound and the East Mound of Sang-e Chakhmaq sequences, as the type sites of the Aceramic/Proto-Ceramic Neolithic and the Ceramic Neolithic of northeastern Iran, respectively. The second transition demonstrates the contextual relationship between the ceramic of the final phase of Chakhmaq culture and the first manifestation of the distinct ceramic of the succeeding culture of Cheshmeh Ali in the second half of the sixth millennium BCE. This is the first time that evidence of these two transitions, augmented by new 14C dates, has been documented.","PeriodicalId":51934,"journal":{"name":"NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"84 1","pages":"252 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44818870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sobekneferu ascended the Egyptian throne near the end of the Twelfth Dynasty. She was not only the first female king but also the first royal woman for whom we have evidence of cross-dressing. From the record she has left us it is clear that the gender-incongruent imagery associated with Egyptian warrior goddesses established a foundation for her composite imagery. Sobekne-feru embraced masculine poses in her statues, masculine titles and grammatical endings in her inscriptions, and on her Louvre statue she adopted masculine dress. This paper illustrates how her multiple-gendered works were inspired by well-entrenched ideas organic to Egypt, how her self-styled image was based on historic prototypes, and how her transgression of social gender boundaries was sanctioned by religion.
{"title":"Gender, Deities, and the Public Image of Sobekneferu","authors":"K. Diamond","doi":"10.1086/716826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/716826","url":null,"abstract":"Sobekneferu ascended the Egyptian throne near the end of the Twelfth Dynasty. She was not only the first female king but also the first royal woman for whom we have evidence of cross-dressing. From the record she has left us it is clear that the gender-incongruent imagery associated with Egyptian warrior goddesses established a foundation for her composite imagery. Sobekne-feru embraced masculine poses in her statues, masculine titles and grammatical endings in her inscriptions, and on her Louvre statue she adopted masculine dress. This paper illustrates how her multiple-gendered works were inspired by well-entrenched ideas organic to Egypt, how her self-styled image was based on historic prototypes, and how her transgression of social gender boundaries was sanctioned by religion.","PeriodicalId":51934,"journal":{"name":"NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"84 1","pages":"272 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45376880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents one of the earliest ritual buildings in the Oman Peninsula. This building was excavated at the settlement of Dahwa 1 (DH1) in 2017 and identified as S.20. The site of Dahwa 1 is located in the Batinah plain in the northeastern part of the Sultanate of Oman. It is one of the few relatively well-preserved domestic settlements in southeast Arabia and includes around seventeen differently sized buildings, dating to the Umm an–Nar period (ca. 2700–2000 BCE). Excavations revealed that S.20 differs from the other four excavated buildings at the settlement. Although building S.20 is the smallest one in the settlement, several factors such as the building location, its isolated setting, plan, size, construction, chronology, and finds led us to connect its function more to ritual than any other regular type of building.
{"title":"Umm an-Nar Ritual Building in Dahwa 1 (DH1), Northern Al-Batinah, Oman","authors":"N. al‐Jahwari, K. Douglas","doi":"10.1086/716828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/716828","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents one of the earliest ritual buildings in the Oman Peninsula. This building was excavated at the settlement of Dahwa 1 (DH1) in 2017 and identified as S.20. The site of Dahwa 1 is located in the Batinah plain in the northeastern part of the Sultanate of Oman. It is one of the few relatively well-preserved domestic settlements in southeast Arabia and includes around seventeen differently sized buildings, dating to the Umm an–Nar period (ca. 2700–2000 BCE). Excavations revealed that S.20 differs from the other four excavated buildings at the settlement. Although building S.20 is the smallest one in the settlement, several factors such as the building location, its isolated setting, plan, size, construction, chronology, and finds led us to connect its function more to ritual than any other regular type of building.","PeriodicalId":51934,"journal":{"name":"NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"84 1","pages":"262 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45489537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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