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Dethroned: The Downfall of India's Princely States By John Zubrzycki. London: Hurst (dist. Oxford University Press), 2023. 352 pages. Hardback, £25.00 GBP, ISBN: 9781805260530. 被废黜:印度王室的衰落》,约翰-祖布日基(John Zubrzycki)著。伦敦:赫斯特(牛津大学出版社发行),2023 年。352 页。精装本,25.00 英镑,ISBN:9781805260530。
IF 0.6 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1017/s1479591424000159
Prem Singh Gill
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引用次数: 0
Have Chinese women's gender attitudes become more conservative? A study using an agency approach 中国女性的性别观念变得更加保守了吗?一项采用代理方法的研究
IF 0.6 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1017/s1479591424000123
Yuan Tian
Given the historical nature of gender consciousness against the backdrop of the nation's social system transformations and the deficiencies related to physical and mental determinism commonly found in research on the performance of female gender roles, this study innovatively uses Butler's agency approach to examine gender consciousness. Women in China have experienced the female liberation movement of “equality between men and women” under the Chinese socialist regime as well as the movement of “women's return to the family” after the introduction of the market economy. The current study uses the agency approach to present the processes of post-1980s Chinese women when balancing their paid work, housework, and childcare roles and the contradictions therein as well as the ideologies they have adopted to resolve such contradictions. This study comprehensively examines the effect of conservative and non-conservative ideologies on the gender consciousness and behavior of women acting under their own agency. The findings, which are based on a comparison of the gender consciousness and behavior of various cohorts, yield the conclusion that post-1980s women expect non-conservative behavior in the future but choose conservative behaviors strategically. Such strategic behavioral choices deepen inner gender role-related conflicts.
鉴于性别意识在国家社会制度转型背景下的历史性,以及女性性别角色表现研究中普遍存在的身心决定论的缺陷,本研究创新性地使用巴特勒的代理方法来考察性别意识。中国女性经历了社会主义制度下 "男女平等 "的女性解放运动和市场经济引入后的 "女性回归家庭 "运动。本研究采用代理研究法,介绍了 80 年代后中国妇女在平衡有偿工作、家务劳动和育儿角色时的过程及其矛盾,以及她们为解决这些矛盾而采取的意识形态。本研究全面探讨了保守和非保守意识形态对女性性别意识和行为的影响。研究结果基于对不同群体的性别意识和行为的比较,得出的结论是,80 后女性预期未来会出现非保守行为,但会策略性地选择保守行为。这种策略性的行为选择加深了内心与性别角色相关的冲突。
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引用次数: 0
A flexible choice of comrades: the dynamic identity of the Muslim Huis of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries 同志的灵活选择:十七和十八世纪穆斯林胡斯的动态特征
IF 0.6 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1017/s1479591422000523
Tatsuya Nakanishi
This paper investigates how Hui scholars imagined the membership of their community during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as sharing communal religious duties, such as Islamic education and funeral rites, which were correctively imposed by an Islamic doctrine on all Muslims. The analysis is mainly based on two texts. One is an inscriptive text drafted in Arabic and Persian by Ma Minglong in A.H. 1079 (1668–1669) and inscribed by his son in 1673 in Wuchang, Hubei province. The other is Tianfang dianli (Commentary on Rites of Islam), written in Chinese by Liu Zhi (d. after 1724) based on Arabic and Persian Islamic books. The analysis shows that these Hui scholars have flexibly demarcated their communities from those whom they regarded as “other” Muslims, depending on various situations. Additionally, this paper illuminates how Hui scholars’ various and flexible delineations of “us” facilitated their negotiations for advantageous positions toward Muslim rivals, as well as non-Muslims who suspected their orthodoxy. This relativizes the argument that Hui scholars understood themselves as being simultaneously Chinese and Muslim when they situated themselves vis-à-vis Chinese literati—an argument that has been often repeated in the study of Hui Muslims.
本文探讨了十七、十八世纪回族学者是如何想象其族群成员分担伊斯兰教育和丧葬仪式等共同宗教义务的,这些义务是伊斯兰教义对所有穆斯林的正确规定。分析主要基于两个文本。其一是马明龙于公元 1079 年(1668-1669 年)用阿拉伯语和波斯语起草的碑文,1673 年由他的儿子在湖北武昌题写。另一部是刘智(卒于 1724 年以后)根据阿拉伯语和波斯语伊斯兰书籍用汉语撰写的《天方典礼》。分析表明,这些回族学者根据不同的情况,灵活地将自己的族群与他们视为 "其他 "穆斯林的族群划分开来。此外,本文还揭示了回族学者对 "我 "的各种灵活界定如何有助于他们在与穆斯林对手以及怀疑其正统性的非穆斯林谈判时占据有利地位。这就相对化了回族学者在面对中国文学时将自己同时理解为中国人和穆斯林的论点--这种论点在回族穆斯林研究中经常被重复。
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引用次数: 0
Business history without business: intermediation and China's pre-1949 cattle trade 没有商业的商业史:中介与 1949 年前的中国牲畜贸易
IF 0.6 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1017/s1479591424000111
Thomas David DuBois, Qinli Liu, Yan Sun
China's cattle trade before 1949 is effectively invisible to historians. With no geographic center, few dominant firms, and little government oversight, cattle trade left behind no clear archive of sources, leaving scholars to the mercy of conjecture and episodic evidence. Combining insights from business and social history, we focused our attention on trade intermediation as the key to understanding the operations of a diffuse trade system. In the absence of a top–down archive, we composited hundreds of local sources on intermediation in cattle trade and remotely interviewed 80 former brokers. These sources revealed large numbers of individuated trade routes, which we break into three types: persistent supply, specialized demand, and resource circulation. Each type of trade called for distinct forms of intermediation with relatively little overlap between specialized networks. This recreation of China's cattle trade reveals a sophisticated market for animal labor that calls into question the direct causal link between imperialist resource extraction and rural immiseration, and suggests the utility of applying tools and perspectives of social history to other sorts of decentered commercial systems.
历史学家实际上看不到 1949 年之前中国的牲畜贸易。由于没有地理中心、没有几家占主导地位的公司、政府监管不力,牛贸易没有留下明确的来源档案,学者们只能靠猜测和偶发证据来判断。结合商业史和社会史的见解,我们将注意力集中在贸易中介上,将其作为理解分散贸易体系运作的关键。在缺乏自上而下的档案资料的情况下,我们整理了数百份有关牲畜贸易中介的当地资料,并对 80 名前经纪人进行了远程访谈。这些资料揭示了大量个性化的贸易路线,我们将其分为三种类型:持续供应、专门需求和资源流通。每种类型的贸易都需要不同形式的中介,专业网络之间的重叠相对较少。对中国牲畜贸易的再现揭示了一个复杂的牲畜劳动力市场,使人们对帝国主义资源开采与农村贫瘠化之间的直接因果关系产生了质疑,并表明了将社会史工具和视角应用于其他类型的非中心商业系统的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
“Moderate” vs “Extremist” Muslims? How a decontextualized distinction can trigger a contradictory assessment of security and radicalization in Malaysia "温和 "与 "极端 "穆斯林?非语境化的区分如何引发对马来西亚安全和激进化的矛盾评估
IF 0.6 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1017/s1479591424000044
Athanasios Gkoutzioulis

This article demonstrates how the application of a broad and decontextualized distinction between “moderate” and “extremist” Muslims can undermine our assessment of an Islamic identity, security, and radicalization. It compares how this distinction has been used by the British colonial administrators (in Raffles, Crawfurd, Marsden, and Swettenham) in nineteenth-century Malaya and by Malaysia's Prime Ministers (Mahathir, Badawi, and Najib) in the late-twentieth and early-twenty-first centuries. This comparison demonstrates that both groups, despite their very different backgrounds (Western non-Muslim and Muslim non-Western), introduced a similar distinction between “moderate” and “extremist” driven more by socio-political objectives than by religious ones. Furthermore, the article stresses the importance of considering the socio-political and contextual dimensions of Islamic identity before attempting to explain the process of radicalization and its implications for security. Such an approach discourages reference to broad categories such as “moderate,” “extremist,” “Islamism,” or “Salafism,” and allows for discussion of their contextual and socio-political connotations.

本文论证了对 "温和派 "和 "极端派 "穆斯林进行宽泛且脱离语境的区分,会如何损害我们对伊斯兰身份、安全和激进化的评估。它比较了英国殖民管理者(莱佛士、克劳福德、马斯登和斯威特纳姆)在十九世纪的马来亚以及马来西亚总理(马哈蒂尔、巴达维和纳吉布)在二十世纪末和二十一世纪初是如何使用这种区分的。这一比较表明,尽管这两个群体的背景截然不同(西方非穆斯林和穆斯林非西方),但他们对 "温和派 "和 "极端派 "进行了类似的区分,更多的是出于社会政治目的而非宗教目的。此外,文章还强调,在试图解释激进化过程及其对安全的影响之前,必须考虑伊斯兰身份的社会政治和背景因素。这种方法不鼓励提及 "温和派"、"极端主义"、"伊斯兰主义 "或 "萨拉菲主义 "等宽泛的类别,而是允许讨论其背景和社会政治内涵。
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引用次数: 0
Electoral Practice and the Election Commission of India: Politics, Institutions and Democracy By Manjari Katju. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2023, 266 pages. Hardback, GBP £92.00, ISBN: 9781009346863. Ebook, £85.00, ISBN: 9781009369756. 选举实践与印度选举委员会:政治、机构与民主》,Manjari Katju 著。纽约:剑桥大学出版社,2023 年,266 页。精装本,92.00 英镑,ISBN:9781009346863。电子书,85.00 英镑,ISBN:9781009369756。
IF 0.6 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/s147959142400007x
Sujay Ghosh
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引用次数: 0
Involvement of Vietnamese elders in economic activities in the lens of family ties, low institutional coverage, and gender identity 从家庭关系、机构覆盖率低和性别认同角度看越南老年人参与经济活动的情况
IF 0.6 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1017/s147959142300058x
Tran Thi Minh Thi
In Vietnam, for a long time, family is considered as being significant for economic, instrumental, social, emotional, and care support for older adults due to strong filial piety, high family values, low institutional coverage, and limited social services, given that the majority of older adults are living in family-based communities. Recently, due to increasing migration, nuclearization, and individualization in Vietnamese families, there is an increasing withdrawal of family caregivers from caregiving to their parents and there seems to be confusion and tension of roles and supports among family members. Meanwhile, Vietnam is observing changes in demographics and family structure, which is linked to an increase in the number of elders in need of care, drop in fertility rate, resulting in a shrinking supply of family caregivers. This article examines the economic dynamics of ageing with limited family ties by examining the formal care services and demographic changes in order to investigate raising social problems towards elder population. It also explores how older adults from varied living backgrounds in Vietnam restructure their lives in terms of acculturation, re-establishing kin networks, psychological well-being in contemporary Vietnam. It demonstrates how Vietnamese elders actively engage in unpaid work within family and community environments, such as housework and childcare, shaped by cultural norms of familialism and filial piety, with regional variations in the north emphasizing stronger familialism and economic motives, and the central coast showing more individualism and sentimental values.
在越南,长期以来,由于大多数老年人生活在以家庭为基础的社区中,家庭被认为对老年人的经济、工具、社会、情感和护理支持具有重要意义,因为家庭具有强烈的孝道、高度的家庭价值观、机构覆盖率低以及社会服务有限。最近,由于越南家庭中的移民、核心化和个性化现象日益增多,家庭照顾者越来越多地退出对父母的照顾,家庭成员之间的角色和支持似乎出现了混乱和紧张。与此同时,越南的人口结构和家庭结构也在发生变化,这与需要照顾的老人数量增加、生育率下降有关,导致家庭照顾者的供应减少。本文通过对正规护理服务和人口结构变化的研究,探讨了在家庭关系有限的情况下老龄化的经济动态,以调查针对老年人口的社会问题。文章还探讨了在当代越南,来自不同生活背景的越南老年人如何在文化适应、重建亲属网络、心理健康等方面调整自己的生活。研究表明,越南老年人如何在家庭和社区环境中积极从事无偿工作,如家务劳动和育儿工作,这些工作受家庭主义和孝道文化规范的影响,北部地区的差异强调更强烈的家庭主义和经济动机,而中部沿海地区则表现出更多的个人主义和情感价值观。
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引用次数: 0
Regulating smoking in Japan: from manners to rules 日本的吸烟管理:从礼仪到规则
IF 0.6 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1017/s1479591424000020
Celeste L. Arrington
Opinions vary in Japan on whether smoking is deviant today, but the behavior, once widely accepted, faces increasing regulation. Recent reforms, moving beyond reliance on nonsmokers' tolerance and smokers' etiquette, impose stricter and more detailed rules on smoking, along with penalties for noncompliance. As the Japanese government's promotional materials note, the reforms move “from manners to rules” (manā kara rūru e). The evolution of Japan's smoking regulations exemplifies a shift toward more legalistic modes of social control. Historically, Japanese governance relied on non-binding “soft law,” administrative guidance, and societal cooperation. Legalistic governance, in contrast, hinges on formal rules and proceduralized enforcement mechanisms. This article, drawing on twenty-eight interviews and qualitative analysis of policy deliberations, advocacy organization documents, court rulings, and Japanese news coverage, traces how societal actors contributed to this legalistic turn. Tobacco control advocates filed lawsuits, pursued voluntary changes through local activities, and provided information subsidies to policymakers while lobbying for local and national reforms. They thereby helped de-normalize smoking and render it regulatable. By uncovering bottom-up drivers of legalistic governance and the strategies through which societal actors influence regulatory style, this paper contributes to scholarship on governance, policy diffusion, and law and social change.
在日本,人们对吸烟是否是一种不正常的行为看法不一,但这种曾被广泛接受的行为却面临着越来越多的管制。最近的改革不再依赖于非吸烟者的宽容和吸烟者的礼仪,而是对吸烟行为做出了更严格、更详细的规定,并规定了对违规行为的惩罚措施。正如日本政府的宣传材料所指出的,改革 "从礼仪走向规则"(manā kara rūru e)。日本吸烟法规的演变体现了社会控制模式向法律化的转变。从历史上看,日本的治理依赖于不具约束力的 "软法律"、行政指导和社会合作。相比之下,法律化治理则依赖于正式的规则和程序化的执行机制。本文通过 28 次访谈以及对政策审议、倡导组织文件、法院判决和日本新闻报道的定性分析,追溯了社会行动者是如何促成这一法律化转向的。烟草控制倡导者提起诉讼,通过地方活动寻求自愿改变,并在游说地方和国家改革的同时向政策制定者提供信息补贴。因此,他们帮助将吸烟非规范化,并使其成为可监管的行为。通过揭示法律治理自下而上的驱动力以及社会行动者影响监管风格的策略,本文对治理、政策传播以及法律与社会变革方面的学术研究有所贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Ottoman subjects and prisoners of war in the Semirechye Oblast during the First World War 第一次世界大战期间塞米雷奇耶州的奥斯曼帝国臣民和战俘
IF 0.6 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1017/s1479591424000032
Nurzhigit Abdukadyrov, Tolkyn Mukhazhanova, Gulmira Sabdenova
Amidst the upheavals of the First World War, a considerable number of prisoners of war from the Ottoman Empire found themselves in Russia, resettled primarily in the central regions of the Russian Empire. The regions of Volga, Siberia, Ural, and Western Siberia played host to Ottoman prisoners, who were accommodated in camps and barracks across cities and rural areas. Over time, a noteworthy migration led some prisoners to the territory of modern Kazakhstan, with cities like Samara, Orenburg, and Omsk serving as pivotal points before further dispersion into the central regions of Kazakhstan. As a result, Ottoman citizens found themselves under suspicion and were dispersed akin to prisoners. The Semirechye Oblast (Zhetisu region) emerged as a focal point where both Ottoman subjects and prisoners of war were dispersed during this tumultuous period. This article investigates the political and social dynamics, as well as the fate, of Turkish prisoners of war and citizens within the Semirechye Oblast during the war. The analysis delves into the status of Ottoman Empire subjects who acquiesced to the authority of the Russian Empire, offering insights into the lives of prisoners of war in this specific region.
在第一次世界大战的动荡中,相当数量的奥斯曼帝国战俘来到俄罗斯,主要被安置在俄罗斯帝国的中部地区。伏尔加河、西伯利亚、乌拉尔和西西伯利亚地区接纳了奥斯曼帝国战俘,他们被安置在城市和农村地区的营地和兵营中。随着时间的推移,一些战俘迁移到了现代哈萨克斯坦境内,萨马拉、奥伦堡和鄂木斯克等城市成为枢纽,然后进一步分散到哈萨克斯坦中部地区。因此,奥斯曼帝国的公民发现自己受到怀疑,于是像囚犯一样被驱散。在这一动荡时期,塞米列奇州(泽黑提苏地区)成为奥斯曼帝国臣民和战俘流散的集中地。本文研究了战争期间塞米雷奇耶州土耳其战俘和公民的政治和社会动态以及命运。分析深入探讨了默认俄罗斯帝国权威的奥斯曼帝国臣民的地位,为了解这一特定地区战俘的生活提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Uzbek Migration and Japanese Society (ウズベク移民と日本社会) Edited by Timur Dadabaev and Shigeto Sonoda. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo University Press, 2023, pp. 180. Hardback, ¥6,820, ISBN: 978-4-13-056127-3. 乌兹别克移民与日本社会》(ウズベク移民と日本社会),Timur Dadabaev 和 Shigeto Sonoda 编辑。日本东京:东京大学出版社,2023 年,第 180 页。精装本,6820 日元,ISBN:978-4-13-056127-3。
IF 0.6 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1479591423000591
Haruka Kikuta
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Asian Studies
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