Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34104
Mukhammadyusuf Shaymardanov, Anna-Maija Lämsä, Suvi Heikkinen
An aging workforce and a decreasing population have increased the need for immigration and international workers in European societies. The aim of this study is to contribute to literature on international workers and their careers by focusing on skilled immigrant women’s career-important social networks. In particular, it explores what enables the women’s access to such social networks, which support their careers in the country of destination. Qualitative interview data from 26 Russian skilled immigrant women working in information technology (IT) or healthcare in Finland were collected. Qualitative content analysis was done to analyze the data. The results show that the studied skilled immigrant women have many paths to accessing career-important social networks. It is concluded that although skilled immigrant women tend to experience challenges in accessing these networks, they can overcome challenges through their own initiatives and with the help of supervisors and colleagues as well as family members and friends. However, relevant organizational arrangements and practices are needed.
{"title":"What Enables Skilled Immigrant Women to Build Career-important Social Networks?","authors":"Mukhammadyusuf Shaymardanov, Anna-Maija Lämsä, Suvi Heikkinen","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34104","url":null,"abstract":"An aging workforce and a decreasing population have increased the need for immigration and international workers in European societies. The aim of this study is to contribute to literature on international workers and their careers by focusing on skilled immigrant women’s career-important social networks. In particular, it explores what enables the women’s access to such social networks, which support their careers in the country of destination. Qualitative interview data from 26 Russian skilled immigrant women working in information technology (IT) or healthcare in Finland were collected. Qualitative content analysis was done to analyze the data. The results show that the studied skilled immigrant women have many paths to accessing career-important social networks. It is concluded that although skilled immigrant women tend to experience challenges in accessing these networks, they can overcome challenges through their own initiatives and with the help of supervisors and colleagues as well as family members and friends. However, relevant organizational arrangements and practices are needed.
","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33909
Zane Šime
The purpose of the study is to explore the research-intense collaborative patterns that weave the EU Southern Neighbourhood into the European Research Area through EU-funded projects. The task of this article is to test the straw-in-the-wind hypothesis which, as the results demonstrate, rightly argues that the EU Framework Programmes do not encourage very restrictive engagement in projects among Morocco- and Tunisia-based entities. The study design entails explaining-outcome process-tracing performed with data-set observations of the collaborative patterns engaging Morocco and Tunisia. Despite taking part in projects coordinated primarily by managers from the European Mediterranean littoral countries, many European centres of expertise located elsewhere included Morocco and Tunisia in their consortiums. As a result, both countries are exposed to very rich European scientific expertise, including diverse subfields, habitus and capital transactions of the European Research Area facilitated by various project management styles. The Moroccan National Institute for Agricultural Research and the Tunisian Pasteur Institute stand out because, when comparing Framework Programme 7 and Horizon 2020 project portfolios, both sustain increasing engagement. Research cooperation addresses the pressing challenges of the neighbourhood, especially in environmental and agricultural domains and the capacity to engage in international collaboration. The article commences filling the gap in the literature on the EU Southern Neighbourhood.
{"title":"Participation of Morocco and Tunisia in the European Research Area: Research-intense Collaborative Patterns Across the European Southern Neighbourhood","authors":"Zane Šime","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33909","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to explore the research-intense collaborative patterns that weave the EU Southern Neighbourhood into the European Research Area through EU-funded projects. The task of this article is to test the straw-in-the-wind hypothesis which, as the results demonstrate, rightly argues that the EU Framework Programmes do not encourage very restrictive engagement in projects among Morocco- and Tunisia-based entities. The study design entails explaining-outcome process-tracing performed with data-set observations of the collaborative patterns engaging Morocco and Tunisia. Despite taking part in projects coordinated primarily by managers from the European Mediterranean littoral countries, many European centres of expertise located elsewhere included Morocco and Tunisia in their consortiums. As a result, both countries are exposed to very rich European scientific expertise, including diverse subfields, habitus and capital transactions of the European Research Area facilitated by various project management styles. The Moroccan National Institute for Agricultural Research and the Tunisian Pasteur Institute stand out because, when comparing Framework Programme 7 and Horizon 2020 project portfolios, both sustain increasing engagement. Research cooperation addresses the pressing challenges of the neighbourhood, especially in environmental and agricultural domains and the capacity to engage in international collaboration. The article commences filling the gap in the literature on the EU Southern Neighbourhood.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33651
Kamile Botyriute
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between employment precariousness and high skilled migration. There exists a large number of studies investigating the effects of precarious employment on various issues ranging from unemployment to job insecurity, however, the studies on precariousness effects on migration are scarce. In addition, in scholarly literature, high skilled migration in developed economies is presented as a specific migration with patterns differing from those from low-income countries or among those with lower educational attainment. For these reasons, data from a relatively homogeneous sample of EU-15 or Western European countries that represent the highly developed European sub-region was selected. In the analysis, fixed-effects linear regression was applied. The model included part-time, involuntary part-time, temporary, involuntary temporary, short-term employment, unemployment and earnings as independent variables and the emigration of people with tertiary education as a dependent variable. The analysis showed that involuntary part-time and short-term employment are significant positive predictors of high skilled emigration. Meanwhile, unemployment and earnings did not predict high-skilled labour mobility in the sample of EU-15 countries. The results support the implication that labour precariousness may be related to increased emigration of those with higher education in developed economies.
{"title":"Employment Precarization and Skilled Labour Migration in Western EU Countries","authors":"Kamile Botyriute","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33651","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between employment precariousness and high skilled migration. There exists a large number of studies investigating the effects of precarious employment on various issues ranging from unemployment to job insecurity, however, the studies on precariousness effects on migration are scarce. In addition, in scholarly literature, high skilled migration in developed economies is presented as a specific migration with patterns differing from those from low-income countries or among those with lower educational attainment. For these reasons, data from a relatively homogeneous sample of EU-15 or Western European countries that represent the highly developed European sub-region was selected. In the analysis, fixed-effects linear regression was applied. The model included part-time, involuntary part-time, temporary, involuntary temporary, short-term employment, unemployment and earnings as independent variables and the emigration of people with tertiary education as a dependent variable. The analysis showed that involuntary part-time and short-term employment are significant positive predictors of high skilled emigration. Meanwhile, unemployment and earnings did not predict high-skilled labour mobility in the sample of EU-15 countries. The results support the implication that labour precariousness may be related to increased emigration of those with higher education in developed economies.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33726
Linmu Cui
In recent years, the development of the artificial intelligence is changing with each passing day. Artificial intelligence has more and more application scenarios in modern production and life, generating more value and sparking numerous discussions. The epoch-making significance of the launch of ChatGPT (and its successive version GPT4) in late 2022 cannot be overstated. In just two months, it became the fastest application in human history to exceed 100 million registered users worldwide and is considered the core digital product of the next-generation technological revolution, with great potential for development. ChatGPT's high intelligence can efficiently solve many problems faced by the European small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector, providing more possible approaches for their growth. To explore growth strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector, semi-structured interviews have been conducted (n=24) and a qualitative methodology is used to analyze the role that ChatGPT can play. The optimization and assistance that ChatGPT can bring to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector is analyzed in a structured way from the aspects of human resource management, strategy decision making, fund raising, service research and development, finance, marketing, sales, administration and operation. Based on findings and existing research on the role of artificial intelligence in SMEs’ development, the authors propose development paths and implementation strategies for ChatGPT technology to assist small and medium-sized enterprises in optimization and growing.
{"title":"Exploring Growth Strategies of European Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Service Sector using ChatGPT","authors":"Linmu Cui","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33726","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the development of the artificial intelligence is changing with each passing day. Artificial intelligence has more and more application scenarios in modern production and life, generating more value and sparking numerous discussions. The epoch-making significance of the launch of ChatGPT (and its successive version GPT4) in late 2022 cannot be overstated. In just two months, it became the fastest application in human history to exceed 100 million registered users worldwide and is considered the core digital product of the next-generation technological revolution, with great potential for development. ChatGPT's high intelligence can efficiently solve many problems faced by the European small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector, providing more possible approaches for their growth. To explore growth strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector, semi-structured interviews have been conducted (n=24) and a qualitative methodology is used to analyze the role that ChatGPT can play. The optimization and assistance that ChatGPT can bring to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector is analyzed in a structured way from the aspects of human resource management, strategy decision making, fund raising, service research and development, finance, marketing, sales, administration and operation. Based on findings and existing research on the role of artificial intelligence in SMEs’ development, the authors propose development paths and implementation strategies for ChatGPT technology to assist small and medium-sized enterprises in optimization and growing.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34264
Ineta Zykiene, Aistė Leskauskienė, Ieva Mičiulienė, Rasa Daugėlienė
Recent geo-economic transformations have led to new challenges for countries in their economic development. The evolving global landscape has emphasized regional competitiveness and attractiveness in terms of capital, labor force, and information. Scholars widely agree that countries receiving foreign direct investment (FDI) gain new knowledge, management skills, and advanced production techniques, leading to increased competitiveness and economic growth (Bayar, et. al., 2020). Changing conditions have also influenced investors’ behavior. Globalization and digitalization have shaped international economic relations, focusing not only on resource acquisition, but also on leveraging human capital, knowledge, institutional structures, and networking for firm efficiency. This shift is reflected in changing investors’ preferences: the importance of natural resources, cheap labor, and the size of the national market has decreased, with greater attention given to service- and technology intensive manufacturing markets (Sadeghi, et. al., 2020).
The aim of this study is to identify the factors that determine the attraction of foreign direct investment in the Lithuanian manufacturing sector and assess their impact. To accomplish this objective, several main tasks were formulated:
1) Highlight the necessity for assessing FDI attraction in the manufacturing sector.
2) Identify the factors that influence the attraction of foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sector.
3) Provide empirical evidence of the impact of these factors.
The article is structured as follows: Firstly, a review of the scientific literature was conducted to address the research problem, which is the lack of literature on foreign direct investment at the sectoral level. Based on this literature analysis, the factors influencing investment attractiveness at the regional and sectoral levels were identified and compared. Additionally, the factors that determine the attractiveness of the manufacturing sector for investment were also identified.
In the second part of the study, a research methodology was developed to assess the impact of these factors on foreign direct investment in the Lithuanian manufacturing sector. The results of the third part of the study indicated that although the Granger causality test did not reveal any causal relationship between FDI in Lithuanian manufacturing and variables such as exports, imports, gross domestic product, the number of educated individuals, government gross debt, government R&D expenditure in manufacturing, the number of FDI enterprises in manufacturing, the wage index, and labor productivity, the correlation analysis demonstrated that exports, gross domestic product, and labor productivity have a significant influence on attracting FDI to the industrial sector. These macroeconomic indicators were statistically significant both in the short term and in the long run.
Empirical findings i
{"title":"Driving Growth and Innovation: Exploring Foreign Direct Investment in the Manufacturing Sector (The Case of Lithuania)","authors":"Ineta Zykiene, Aistė Leskauskienė, Ieva Mičiulienė, Rasa Daugėlienė","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34264","url":null,"abstract":"Recent geo-economic transformations have led to new challenges for countries in their economic development. The evolving global landscape has emphasized regional competitiveness and attractiveness in terms of capital, labor force, and information. Scholars widely agree that countries receiving foreign direct investment (FDI) gain new knowledge, management skills, and advanced production techniques, leading to increased competitiveness and economic growth (Bayar, et. al., 2020). Changing conditions have also influenced investors’ behavior. Globalization and digitalization have shaped international economic relations, focusing not only on resource acquisition, but also on leveraging human capital, knowledge, institutional structures, and networking for firm efficiency. This shift is reflected in changing investors’ preferences: the importance of natural resources, cheap labor, and the size of the national market has decreased, with greater attention given to service- and technology intensive manufacturing markets (Sadeghi, et. al., 2020).
 The aim of this study is to identify the factors that determine the attraction of foreign direct investment in the Lithuanian manufacturing sector and assess their impact. To accomplish this objective, several main tasks were formulated:
 1) Highlight the necessity for assessing FDI attraction in the manufacturing sector.
 2) Identify the factors that influence the attraction of foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sector.
 3) Provide empirical evidence of the impact of these factors.
 
 The article is structured as follows: Firstly, a review of the scientific literature was conducted to address the research problem, which is the lack of literature on foreign direct investment at the sectoral level. Based on this literature analysis, the factors influencing investment attractiveness at the regional and sectoral levels were identified and compared. Additionally, the factors that determine the attractiveness of the manufacturing sector for investment were also identified. 
 In the second part of the study, a research methodology was developed to assess the impact of these factors on foreign direct investment in the Lithuanian manufacturing sector. The results of the third part of the study indicated that although the Granger causality test did not reveal any causal relationship between FDI in Lithuanian manufacturing and variables such as exports, imports, gross domestic product, the number of educated individuals, government gross debt, government R&D expenditure in manufacturing, the number of FDI enterprises in manufacturing, the wage index, and labor productivity, the correlation analysis demonstrated that exports, gross domestic product, and labor productivity have a significant influence on attracting FDI to the industrial sector. These macroeconomic indicators were statistically significant both in the short term and in the long run.
 Empirical findings i","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34325
Pawel Mlodkowski
This paper uses new statistical estimates to test for effects of economic integration in Europe on international capital mobility. In a world of perfect capital mobility, one should experience little or not statistically significant relationship between the amount of domestic savings and domestic investment. Alternatively, under less-than perfect capital international mobility, diverse portfolio preferences and country-specific transactions costs would create impediments for long-term capital flows. This would result in direct connection between any changes (increases) in domestic savings and domestic investment. According to empirical results of a similar empirical study by Feldstein and Horioka (1980) for developed countries (including some of current EU members included in this investigation), there were portfolio preferences and institutional rigidities, which resulted in almost equal corresponding differences in domestic investment rates driven by domestic savings rates among major industrial countries.
The current study tests for capital mobility in the EU Member States (2010-2020) discussing compatibility of findings with previous evidence found in the literature (Feldstein and Horioka 1980). It also addresses the optimal national savings policy, tax incidence and concludes on capital formation in the EU.
{"title":"Domestic Savings and International Capital Flows in the EU","authors":"Pawel Mlodkowski","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34325","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses new statistical estimates to test for effects of economic integration in Europe on international capital mobility. In a world of perfect capital mobility, one should experience little or not statistically significant relationship between the amount of domestic savings and domestic investment. Alternatively, under less-than perfect capital international mobility, diverse portfolio preferences and country-specific transactions costs would create impediments for long-term capital flows. This would result in direct connection between any changes (increases) in domestic savings and domestic investment. According to empirical results of a similar empirical study by Feldstein and Horioka (1980) for developed countries (including some of current EU members included in this investigation), there were portfolio preferences and institutional rigidities, which resulted in almost equal corresponding differences in domestic investment rates driven by domestic savings rates among major industrial countries.
 The current study tests for capital mobility in the EU Member States (2010-2020) discussing compatibility of findings with previous evidence found in the literature (Feldstein and Horioka 1980). It also addresses the optimal national savings policy, tax incidence and concludes on capital formation in the EU.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the period 2017-2022, there has been a notable growth in international bond placements by Baltic companies, which is distinct from corporate bond issuance in the European Economic Area. While the Baltic governments have demonstrated an increased focus on the corporate bond market development – the pan-Baltic Capital Markets Union launched in 2017 and covered bond law as adopted in Latvia in 2021, those activities are not directly linked to the ongoing shift to international corporate borrowing. In the academic literature, the determinants affecting corporate bond issuance are getting certain attention while studying separately the country-level determinants and the firm-level determinants, which are further split into domestic and international corporate bond issuance. For the Baltic countries, rare academic research has focused on the corporate bond market development of an individual Baltic country.
This paper aims to discover the determinants for domestic and international corporate bond issuance of Baltic companies. While providing theoretical insight into corporate bond issuance rationale for both domestic and international placements, the paper focuses on factors that have contributed to firms choosing to issue bonds internationally. The methods applied in this study are scientific publication analysis, document analysis, expert survey, in-depth interviews, and statistical data analysis. For the statistical analysis, macroeconomic data was acquired from Cbonds, The World Bank, and International Monetary Fund databases in combination with company-specific data gathered from Nasdaq CSD, Orbis, Lursoft, Storybook, and Rekvizitai. The authors have employed a panel regression model for domestic and international bond issuance, and probit regression for all issued bonds in the Baltics from 2003-2022 to estimate the probability of pursuing bond financing internationally.
The findings of this paper indicate that in the Baltics the main firm-level determinants for domestic corporate bond issuance are the company’s financial performance, its geographic exposure, documentation and listing costs, and access to alternative funding sources; on the country-level, the determinants are the share of sovereign international bonds of GDP, corruption perception, and exports as a share of GDP. For issuing international corporate bonds, the main determinants on the firm-level are bond placement size, company size, equity ratio, a satisfactory credit rating, and appropriate yields in the context of higher competition for international investor attention; on the country-level, GDP per capita, country’s export share, interest rate spread, regulatory quality, and political stability play an important role.
{"title":"Going Global or Staying Local: Determinants of Domestic and International Corporate Bond Issues in the Baltics","authors":"Natalja Tocelovska, Oskars Vainovskis, Tenis Lenerts","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34041","url":null,"abstract":"In the period 2017-2022, there has been a notable growth in international bond placements by Baltic companies, which is distinct from corporate bond issuance in the European Economic Area. While the Baltic governments have demonstrated an increased focus on the corporate bond market development – the pan-Baltic Capital Markets Union launched in 2017 and covered bond law as adopted in Latvia in 2021, those activities are not directly linked to the ongoing shift to international corporate borrowing. In the academic literature, the determinants affecting corporate bond issuance are getting certain attention while studying separately the country-level determinants and the firm-level determinants, which are further split into domestic and international corporate bond issuance. For the Baltic countries, rare academic research has focused on the corporate bond market development of an individual Baltic country. 
 This paper aims to discover the determinants for domestic and international corporate bond issuance of Baltic companies. While providing theoretical insight into corporate bond issuance rationale for both domestic and international placements, the paper focuses on factors that have contributed to firms choosing to issue bonds internationally. The methods applied in this study are scientific publication analysis, document analysis, expert survey, in-depth interviews, and statistical data analysis. For the statistical analysis, macroeconomic data was acquired from Cbonds, The World Bank, and International Monetary Fund databases in combination with company-specific data gathered from Nasdaq CSD, Orbis, Lursoft, Storybook, and Rekvizitai. The authors have employed a panel regression model for domestic and international bond issuance, and probit regression for all issued bonds in the Baltics from 2003-2022 to estimate the probability of pursuing bond financing internationally.
 The findings of this paper indicate that in the Baltics the main firm-level determinants for domestic corporate bond issuance are the company’s financial performance, its geographic exposure, documentation and listing costs, and access to alternative funding sources; on the country-level, the determinants are the share of sovereign international bonds of GDP, corruption perception, and exports as a share of GDP. For issuing international corporate bonds, the main determinants on the firm-level are bond placement size, company size, equity ratio, a satisfactory credit rating, and appropriate yields in the context of higher competition for international investor attention; on the country-level, GDP per capita, country’s export share, interest rate spread, regulatory quality, and political stability play an important role.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33991
Natalia Bełdyga
The aim of the study is to analyze the role of community resilience in Polish border communities in response to crises and uncertainty caused by Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24th February in 2022. Therefore, the main tasks of the research are to firstly gather knowledge of the core dimensions of community resilience, namely agency and resources, to see if they have developed and enhanced community resilience to this crisis and uncertainty and secondly to study how individuals internalize risk and how this perception affects their response to crises and uncertainty. For this purpose, two cases of responses made by two Polish border communities, in Suwałki, known as Suwałki Gap, and in Biecz were analyzed. Interviews in three interview groups of volunteers, community members and the municipality were conducted with respondents who were privately or professionally involved in helping Ukrainian refugees arriving in Poland. Results of the qualitative analysis reveal that despite the atmosphere of growing uncertainty about how the developments of the Russia-Ukraine conflict may impact Poland, in response to refugee crisis caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, both Polish border communities did manage to activate their agency which was exercised mainly as a natural reaction to help leading to an instant decision to act in order to help. Critical resource in this response was information which was shared, updated and distributed among the groups of helpers. Also, a range of emotions experienced during this unprecedented crisis, did not prevent those communities from finding ways to secure other necessary resources which were not available or accessible until the crisis, in order to help people in need. The case of the responses to the refugee and humanitarian crisis caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24th February 2022 made by communities in Poland and other receiving EU countries, may serve as a vast territory for academic research on the role of community resilience and its core dimensions.
{"title":"The Role of Community Resilience Dimensions of Agency and Resources in Community Resilience to Crises and Uncertainty in Polish Border Communities","authors":"Natalia Bełdyga","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33991","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to analyze the role of community resilience in Polish border communities in response to crises and uncertainty caused by Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24th February in 2022. Therefore, the main tasks of the research are to firstly gather knowledge of the core dimensions of community resilience, namely agency and resources, to see if they have developed and enhanced community resilience to this crisis and uncertainty and secondly to study how individuals internalize risk and how this perception affects their response to crises and uncertainty. For this purpose, two cases of responses made by two Polish border communities, in Suwałki, known as Suwałki Gap, and in Biecz were analyzed. Interviews in three interview groups of volunteers, community members and the municipality were conducted with respondents who were privately or professionally involved in helping Ukrainian refugees arriving in Poland. Results of the qualitative analysis reveal that despite the atmosphere of growing uncertainty about how the developments of the Russia-Ukraine conflict may impact Poland, in response to refugee crisis caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, both Polish border communities did manage to activate their agency which was exercised mainly as a natural reaction to help leading to an instant decision to act in order to help. Critical resource in this response was information which was shared, updated and distributed among the groups of helpers. Also, a range of emotions experienced during this unprecedented crisis, did not prevent those communities from finding ways to secure other necessary resources which were not available or accessible until the crisis, in order to help people in need. The case of the responses to the refugee and humanitarian crisis caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24th February 2022 made by communities in Poland and other receiving EU countries, may serve as a vast territory for academic research on the role of community resilience and its core dimensions. 
 
 
","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33542
Oļegs Ņikadimovs
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) make up for ~99% of all companies in both Latvia and the European Union (EU), they are a significant contributor to national economies and should not be disregarded when discussing corporate social responsibility (CSR). SMEs are not smaller-scale versions of corporations and differ greatly in terms of managerial structure, revenues, resource availability and allocation, market reach, product and service lines, as well as available manpower. Given that a CSR strategy often necessitates additional investment, many SMEs might not anticipate it to increase the bottom line, however, a large part of consumers are willing to pay more for goods and services from a socially responsible company, and CSR can facilitate higher employee attraction and retention rates. This sets up the aim of this study, to analyse CSR initiatives deployment, and facilitating and impeding factors for SMEs in Latvia, a country that is considered to be in the transition process to a market economy. To classify important CSR facilitating and impeding factors, analysis and generalisation of multiple academic sources were used. Analysis of the regulatory framework, fundamental planning documents, international CSR, ESG and other indices, as well as a collateral examination of empirical CSR research in the EU member states and Latvia, was carried out to identify possible CSR development issues for SMEs in Latvia. The study shows that while CSR awareness is increasing in Latvia, the implementation of CSR by SMEs is limited, and there is a need for more guidance and support to promote CSR practices. The study identifies several facilitating factors, such as policy-regulatory support, social pressure, ethical considerations, and impeding factors, such as lack of resources, limited knowledge, and perceived low relevance of CSR for business, as well as the excessively bureaucratic approach in the public sector. The study highlights the importance of private and NGO stakeholder engagement with the public sector in the collaboration and promotion of CSR practices among SMEs in Latvia. Policymakers, business executives, and other stakeholders interested in encouraging CSR practices among SMEs could benefit from the findings of this study.
{"title":"Corporate Social Responsibility – Assessment of Facilitating and Impeding Factors for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Latvia","authors":"Oļegs Ņikadimovs","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33542","url":null,"abstract":"Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) make up for ~99% of all companies in both Latvia and the European Union (EU), they are a significant contributor to national economies and should not be disregarded when discussing corporate social responsibility (CSR). SMEs are not smaller-scale versions of corporations and differ greatly in terms of managerial structure, revenues, resource availability and allocation, market reach, product and service lines, as well as available manpower. Given that a CSR strategy often necessitates additional investment, many SMEs might not anticipate it to increase the bottom line, however, a large part of consumers are willing to pay more for goods and services from a socially responsible company, and CSR can facilitate higher employee attraction and retention rates. This sets up the aim of this study, to analyse CSR initiatives deployment, and facilitating and impeding factors for SMEs in Latvia, a country that is considered to be in the transition process to a market economy. To classify important CSR facilitating and impeding factors, analysis and generalisation of multiple academic sources were used. Analysis of the regulatory framework, fundamental planning documents, international CSR, ESG and other indices, as well as a collateral examination of empirical CSR research in the EU member states and Latvia, was carried out to identify possible CSR development issues for SMEs in Latvia. The study shows that while CSR awareness is increasing in Latvia, the implementation of CSR by SMEs is limited, and there is a need for more guidance and support to promote CSR practices. The study identifies several facilitating factors, such as policy-regulatory support, social pressure, ethical considerations, and impeding factors, such as lack of resources, limited knowledge, and perceived low relevance of CSR for business, as well as the excessively bureaucratic approach in the public sector. The study highlights the importance of private and NGO stakeholder engagement with the public sector in the collaboration and promotion of CSR practices among SMEs in Latvia. Policymakers, business executives, and other stakeholders interested in encouraging CSR practices among SMEs could benefit from the findings of this study.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34128
Iveta Linina
Housing policy is closely related to the well-being and social integration of the population of each country, and has a great impact on the development of various sectors and the entire national economy. An important part of housing policy is the housing management sector, whose processes affect all levels of society. The goals of the housing policy in Latvia are to promote the quality and availability of housing and to ensure the regulatory basis for management. Special attention should be paid to multi-apartment residential buildings, as they occupy more than half of the total residential area in Latvia, and approximately 65% of the population lives in apartments. The tasks of the study are to identify, collect and analyse information on the aspects of managing multi-apartment residential buildings, as well as to provide recommendations for the improvement of the housing policy. The monographic or descriptive method was used for the analysis of the theoretical base. In order to find out the current situation and the main problems related to the management of residential buildings, a survey was conducted in which residents of multi-apartment residential buildings of different series and different in number of apartments participated. Analysing the results of the survey, it was found that the main problems are related to incomplete information, lack of interest, incompetence, lack of communication between apartment owners and the house manager, as well as various legal deficiencies regarding ownership rights. Improvement of the regulatory base, increasing the competence of managers and information measures for apartment owners are offered as solutions.
{"title":"Problems and Solutions of Multi-apartment Housing Management in Latvia","authors":"Iveta Linina","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34128","url":null,"abstract":"Housing policy is closely related to the well-being and social integration of the population of each country, and has a great impact on the development of various sectors and the entire national economy. An important part of housing policy is the housing management sector, whose processes affect all levels of society. The goals of the housing policy in Latvia are to promote the quality and availability of housing and to ensure the regulatory basis for management. Special attention should be paid to multi-apartment residential buildings, as they occupy more than half of the total residential area in Latvia, and approximately 65% of the population lives in apartments. The tasks of the study are to identify, collect and analyse information on the aspects of managing multi-apartment residential buildings, as well as to provide recommendations for the improvement of the housing policy. The monographic or descriptive method was used for the analysis of the theoretical base. In order to find out the current situation and the main problems related to the management of residential buildings, a survey was conducted in which residents of multi-apartment residential buildings of different series and different in number of apartments participated. Analysing the results of the survey, it was found that the main problems are related to incomplete information, lack of interest, incompetence, lack of communication between apartment owners and the house manager, as well as various legal deficiencies regarding ownership rights. Improvement of the regulatory base, increasing the competence of managers and information measures for apartment owners are offered as solutions.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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