We can talk about environmental responsibility in several dimensions. It can be seen that legal liability is only part of the question of responsibility. Legal liability, together with the rules set out in the general codes and sui generis provisions of environmental law, also represents a complex system of administrative, civil and criminal liability. Every company reacts differently to environmental responsibility, so we can ask the question: can we talk about corporate responsibility or irresponsibility?
{"title":"Verantwortung von unternehmen im umweltschutzrecht","authors":"Csilla Csák","doi":"10.46941/2021.se1.88-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.se1.88-93","url":null,"abstract":"We can talk about environmental responsibility in several dimensions. It can be seen that legal liability is only part of the question of responsibility. Legal liability, together with the rules set out in the general codes and sui generis provisions of environmental law, also represents a complex system of administrative, civil and criminal liability. Every company reacts differently to environmental responsibility, so we can ask the question: can we talk about corporate responsibility or irresponsibility?","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85114560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.46941/2021.se1.198-208
T. Prugberger, Andrea Szőllős
In the study, the authors show that with the spread of informatics, many new forms of work and entrepreneurship which move at the border of enterprise, self-employment and employment have emerged and appeared in the world of work through digital platforms. The study analyzes which of these forms are more entrepreneurial and which are more employment like.
{"title":"Employment using information technology – self-employment or employment","authors":"T. Prugberger, Andrea Szőllős","doi":"10.46941/2021.se1.198-208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.se1.198-208","url":null,"abstract":"In the study, the authors show that with the spread of informatics, many new forms of work and entrepreneurship which move at the border of enterprise, self-employment and employment have emerged and appeared in the world of work through digital platforms. The study analyzes which of these forms are more entrepreneurial and which are more employment like.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90016432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariann Szabó, K. Galambos, László Z. Karvalics, Jody Patricia Jensen, Ferenc Miszlivetz
In this study we summarize the importance, research aspects of social innovation both from the theoretical and practical points of view. We begin with the introduction of the KRAFT Programme (started in 2012), a pilot regional development policy and its relation to social innovation. It is followed by presenting the interrelatedness of social innovation and the UN Sustainable Development goals, highlighting the various challenges which should be addressed. In accordance with many years of experience in regional development, we put much emphasis on the governance of social innovations and the variety of actors which could be the initiators. In this regard, we describe how different organizations can be engaged in such practices resulting in social change (social meta-innovation). Finally, we highlight some best practices in the field of social innovation at the Institute of Advanced Studies Kőszeg (iASK).
{"title":"Social Innovation : Theory and Practice from the Perspective of “Creative City – Sustainable Region” (Kraft) National Programme","authors":"Mariann Szabó, K. Galambos, László Z. Karvalics, Jody Patricia Jensen, Ferenc Miszlivetz","doi":"10.46941/2021.e2.37-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.e2.37-50","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we summarize the importance, research aspects of social innovation both from the theoretical and practical points of view. We begin with the introduction of the KRAFT Programme (started in 2012), a pilot regional development policy and its relation to social innovation. It is followed by presenting the interrelatedness of social innovation and the UN Sustainable Development goals, highlighting the various challenges which should be addressed. In accordance with many years of experience in regional development, we put much emphasis on the governance of social innovations and the variety of actors which could be the initiators. In this regard, we describe how different organizations can be engaged in such practices resulting in social change (social meta-innovation). Finally, we highlight some best practices in the field of social innovation at the Institute of Advanced Studies Kőszeg (iASK).","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81499213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social innovation is an effective response to changing social demands in welfare societies. By reshaping social interactions in welfare provision, it essentially aims at building a new and more participative wellbeing, namely “the enabling welfare state”, without causing any decline in welfare rights of citizens. The European Union, in this sense, started a rigorous transition process to social innovative strategies in welfare provision in the beginning of 2000s. Hungary, as an outstandingly emerging economy of its region, also launched social innovation programs to make not only the market, but also citizens, community and local authorities more active in the co-provision of welfare. Even though social innovation strategies have not spread over the whole country yet, Hungary seems to have sufficient capacity and resources to make social innovation an effective part of "co-provision of welfare" or to turn itself an “enabling welfare state” in the near future.
{"title":"Social Innovation Strategy in Hungary : An Evaluation from the Point of Welfare Provision","authors":"Doğa Başar Sarıipek","doi":"10.46941/2021.e2.7-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.e2.7-14","url":null,"abstract":"Social innovation is an effective response to changing social demands in welfare societies. By reshaping social interactions in welfare provision, it essentially aims at building a new and more participative wellbeing, namely “the enabling welfare state”, without causing any decline in welfare rights of citizens. The European Union, in this sense, started a rigorous transition process to social innovative strategies in welfare provision in the beginning of 2000s. Hungary, as an outstandingly emerging economy of its region, also launched social innovation programs to make not only the market, but also citizens, community and local authorities more active in the co-provision of welfare. Even though social innovation strategies have not spread over the whole country yet, Hungary seems to have sufficient capacity and resources to make social innovation an effective part of \"co-provision of welfare\" or to turn itself an “enabling welfare state” in the near future.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83821389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article summarises the work of Definition Working Group of the National Social Innovation Laboratory and the key findings of the resulting White Paper, as a prelude to the evaluation of the Social Innovation Strategy, the second part of the Social Innovation White Paper.
{"title":"The Social Innovation White Book’s Drafting Process and Results","authors":"I. Olajos","doi":"10.46941/2021.e2.20-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.e2.20-36","url":null,"abstract":"This article summarises the work of Definition Working Group of the National Social Innovation Laboratory and the key findings of the resulting White Paper, as a prelude to the evaluation of the Social Innovation Strategy, the second part of the Social Innovation White Paper.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86703253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.46941/2021.se1.191-197
M. M. Csirszki
This brief summary is based on the author’s presentation held on the 8th October 2020 on the international conference titled “Straf- und bußgeldrechtliche Verantwortung von Unternehmen insbesondere im Kartell- und Datenschutzrecht de lege lata und de lege ferenda” organised by the University of Heidelberg and the University of Miskolc. The study gives a short introduction to the comparison of the Directive (EU) 2019/633 on unfair trading practices in business-to-business relationships in the agricultural and food supply chain and the Hungarian regulation on the unfair practices of distributors.
这篇简短的总结是基于作者在2020年10月8日由海德堡大学和米什科尔茨大学组织的题为“Straf- und bußgeldrechtliche Verantwortung von Unternehmen insbesonere im Kartell- und Datenschutzrecht de legle lata and de legle ferenda”的国际会议上所做的演讲。该研究简要介绍了关于农业和食品供应链中企业对企业关系中不公平贸易行为的指令(EU) 2019/633与匈牙利关于分销商不公平行为的法规的比较。
{"title":"Unfair trading practices in the agriculture and food supply chain – comparing the 2019/633 EU directive with the Hungarian regulation","authors":"M. M. Csirszki","doi":"10.46941/2021.se1.191-197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.se1.191-197","url":null,"abstract":"This brief summary is based on the author’s presentation held on the 8th October 2020 on the international conference titled “Straf- und bußgeldrechtliche Verantwortung von Unternehmen insbesondere im Kartell- und Datenschutzrecht de lege lata und de lege ferenda” organised by the University of Heidelberg and the University of Miskolc. The study gives a short introduction to the comparison of the Directive (EU) 2019/633 on unfair trading practices in business-to-business relationships in the agricultural and food supply chain and the Hungarian regulation on the unfair practices of distributors.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73328918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The functional concept of a corporate responsibilty in European antitrust law, which is independent of a company’s legal form, is increasingly gaining acceptance not only at the European level but also at the national level; it allows corporate sanctioning in line with the economic and socio-political role of companies in today’s world.
{"title":"Unternehmensverantwortlichkeit im kartellrecht","authors":"N. Müller","doi":"10.46941/2021.se1.50-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.se1.50-63","url":null,"abstract":"The functional concept of a corporate responsibilty in European antitrust law, which is independent of a company’s legal form, is increasingly gaining acceptance not only at the European level but also at the national level; it allows corporate sanctioning in line with the economic and socio-political role of companies in today’s world.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74216809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.46941/2021.e2.106-116
Z. Varga
On 24 September 2020, the European Commission (EC) adopted its proposal for the Digital Finance Package. The 168-page document includes a digital finance strategy and a strategy for retail payments, as well as a bill on a European Union (EU) regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies and a EU framework for digital financial resilience. The Commission has proposed the first piece of legislation on crypto-assets (digital value or rights displays that can be stored and sold electronically). The Markets in Crypto-assets (MiCA) Regulation will boost innovation while preserving financial stability and protecting investors from risk. The regulation creates a clear legal situation and legal certainty for issuers and providers of cryptocurrencies. The new rules will allow economic operators licensed in a Member State to provide their services throughout the EU. The required collateral includes capital requirements, asset retention requirements, a mandatory investor complaint procedure and investors’ rights vis-à-vis the issuer. Issuers of cryptographic assets with significant asset coverage (so-called ‘stable cryptocurrencies’) would be subject to stricter requirements (for example in terms of capital, investor rights and supervision). In July 2021, the European Central Bank (ECB) decided to launch the digital euro project. This does not necessarily mean that the issuance of a digital euro, but a preparation for its possible release. Interoperability with private sector payment solutions is an important consideration in the development of the digital euro, facilitating pan-European solutions and additional services for consumers. The “triple” procedure of the adoption of MiCA can take 18–24 months, during which the legislators may introduce further amendments so that the final version of the legislation may differ to some extent from the draft proposed by the Commission and it will also take years to create a digital euro after the ECB made its final opinion about it.
{"title":"The Innovative Response of the European Union to Managing the Digital Finance","authors":"Z. Varga","doi":"10.46941/2021.e2.106-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.e2.106-116","url":null,"abstract":"On 24 September 2020, the European Commission (EC) adopted its proposal for the Digital Finance Package. The 168-page document includes a digital finance strategy and a strategy for retail payments, as well as a bill on a European Union (EU) regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies and a EU framework for digital financial resilience. The Commission has proposed the first piece of legislation on crypto-assets (digital value or rights displays that can be stored and sold electronically). The Markets in Crypto-assets (MiCA) Regulation will boost innovation while preserving financial stability and protecting investors from risk. The regulation creates a clear legal situation and legal certainty for issuers and providers of cryptocurrencies. The new rules will allow economic operators licensed in a Member State to provide their services throughout the EU. The required collateral includes capital requirements, asset retention requirements, a mandatory investor complaint procedure and investors’ rights vis-à-vis the issuer. Issuers of cryptographic assets with significant asset coverage (so-called ‘stable cryptocurrencies’) would be subject to stricter requirements (for example in terms of capital, investor rights and supervision). In July 2021, the European Central Bank (ECB) decided to launch the digital euro project. This does not necessarily mean that the issuance of a digital euro, but a preparation for its possible release. Interoperability with private sector payment solutions is an important consideration in the development of the digital euro, facilitating pan-European solutions and additional services for consumers. The “triple” procedure of the adoption of MiCA can take 18–24 months, during which the legislators may introduce further amendments so that the final version of the legislation may differ to some extent from the draft proposed by the Commission and it will also take years to create a digital euro after the ECB made its final opinion about it.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77878826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global responsibility of companies for human rights violations is moving into the focus of legislation in Europe. This development can be attributed not only to an increased social sensitivity in western countries, but also to the current discussion under international law. The draft law currently under discussion in Germany is limited to an obligation for larger companies to show more effort; criminal sanctions are no longer on the agenda. This article traces the current discussion and also addresses an announced EU initiative.
{"title":"Unternehmensverantwortlichkeit für menschenrechtsverletzungen – zum neuen gesetzesentwurf in Deutschland","authors":"T. Schröder","doi":"10.46941/2021.se1.42-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.se1.42-49","url":null,"abstract":"The global responsibility of companies for human rights violations is moving into the focus of legislation in Europe. This development can be attributed not only to an increased social sensitivity in western countries, but also to the current discussion under international law. The draft law currently under discussion in Germany is limited to an obligation for larger companies to show more effort; criminal sanctions are no longer on the agenda. This article traces the current discussion and also addresses an announced EU initiative.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83471678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.46941/2021.se1.143-155
B. Udvarhelyi
The international legal liability of companies for human rights violations is a very current issue, since nowadays multinational and transnational corporations more and more frequently violate human rights. However, the establishment of the direct international legal liability of business actors for human rights violations is a long and difficult process. The present study seeks to analyse the efforts of the United Nations in this regard.
{"title":"Corporate responsibility for human rights violations","authors":"B. Udvarhelyi","doi":"10.46941/2021.se1.143-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.se1.143-155","url":null,"abstract":"The international legal liability of companies for human rights violations is a very current issue, since nowadays multinational and transnational corporations more and more frequently violate human rights. However, the establishment of the direct international legal liability of business actors for human rights violations is a long and difficult process. The present study seeks to analyse the efforts of the United Nations in this regard.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77503038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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