Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29111
V. Vevere, Edgars Cerkovskis, A. Sannikova
Theoretical literature has identified a number of factors that determine social entrepreneurship intentions. Social entrepreneurs play an important role in the economic and social developments of the communities in which they operate. They are a special type of entrepreneur, driven by a variety of motives, including the alleviation of poverty, hunger or illiteracy; the improvement of human health; the reparation of social, legal or economic injustice; and the preservation of the environment for future generations. The career aspiration of social entrepreneurs can be encouraged if youths are given early educational exposure when they are young. The purpose of this study is to identify social entrepreneurship intentions among business students in Latvia. The tasks are the following: (1) to accomplish analysis of special literature; (2) to work out methodology; (3) to carry out the empirical research; (4) to work out conclusions. The empirical research involves the survey of business students, applying snowball sampling method and using 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The results are interpreted using methods of descriptive and inferential statistics. The conclusions of the research have a practical value, as they make it possible to identify the problematic areas of business education in regard to the social entrepreneurship.
{"title":"Social Entrepreneurship Intentions Among Business Students in Latvia","authors":"V. Vevere, Edgars Cerkovskis, A. Sannikova","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29111","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical literature has identified a number of factors that determine social entrepreneurship intentions. Social entrepreneurs play an important role in the economic and social developments of the communities in which they operate. They are a special type of entrepreneur, driven by a variety of motives, including the alleviation of poverty, hunger or illiteracy; the improvement of human health; the reparation of social, legal or economic injustice; and the preservation of the environment for future generations. The career aspiration of social entrepreneurs can be encouraged if youths are given early educational exposure when they are young. The purpose of this study is to identify social entrepreneurship intentions among business students in Latvia. The tasks are the following: (1) to accomplish analysis of special literature; (2) to work out methodology; (3) to carry out the empirical research; (4) to work out conclusions. The empirical research involves the survey of business students, applying snowball sampling method and using 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The results are interpreted using methods of descriptive and inferential statistics. The conclusions of the research have a practical value, as they make it possible to identify the problematic areas of business education in regard to the social entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73771413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29017
J. Simanovska, I. Pelsa
Public procurement plays an important role in the market by making up 14% of the Gross Domestic Product in the European Union, therefore it is seen as an important instrument to promote such products and services that better meet society’s demands, for example, sustainability. Starting from 2015, circularity is an important aspect of sustainability. Furniture is among the product groups with a significant impact on the material footprint, therefore approaches to increase material efficiency and circularity are of high value. With this research, the authors investigate the market’s maturity, i.e. the readiness of suppliers to offer circular furniture and services, as well as the readiness of municipalities to uptake it. 20 companies and 27 municipalities took part in the survey. Results show that the surveyed companies currently are more ready to offer more circular products and services than municipalities require in the procurement tenders. Most surveyed municipalities are maintaining and repairing the furniture by themselves that is a circular approach but without outsourcing. The market consultation before the tendering could help to understand the market abilities better and lead to more circular purchasing contracts. This is an important task considering the importance of public procurement in promoting a circular economy.
{"title":"The Market’s Maturity for Public Procurement of Circular Furniture: A Study from Latvia","authors":"J. Simanovska, I. Pelsa","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Public procurement plays an important role in the market by making up 14% of the Gross Domestic Product in the European Union, therefore it is seen as an important instrument to promote such products and services that better meet society’s demands, for example, sustainability. Starting from 2015, circularity is an important aspect of sustainability. Furniture is among the product groups with a significant impact on the material footprint, therefore approaches to increase material efficiency and circularity are of high value. With this research, the authors investigate the market’s maturity, i.e. the readiness of suppliers to offer circular furniture and services, as well as the readiness of municipalities to uptake it. 20 companies and 27 municipalities took part in the survey. Results show that the surveyed companies currently are more ready to offer more circular products and services than municipalities require in the procurement tenders. Most surveyed municipalities are maintaining and repairing the furniture by themselves that is a circular approach but without outsourcing. The market consultation before the tendering could help to understand the market abilities better and lead to more circular purchasing contracts. This is an important task considering the importance of public procurement in promoting a circular economy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73280721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29134
G. Malynovska, L. Mosora, S. Kis, T. Topolnytska, Yaryna Kalambet
Personnel certification is one of the most effective tools for implementing human resources development processes and procedures. By certifying employees, either enterprises, institutions or organizations strive to expand their capabilities by acquiring new or improving already existing knowledge, skills, abilities and experience in order to improve the efficiency of performing professional duties. The purpose of the article is theoretical and methodological justification, practical testing and evaluation of personnel certification processes using design thinking procedure. The research goal is achieved by setting and solving the following tasks:- to investigate the theoretical and methodological basis of design thinking procedure, to establish the possibilities and ways of its practical application in the processes of human resource development of the organization;- to improve the implementation of international certification processes for professional drillers with the help of the prototyping tool; - to develop recommendations and evaluate the influence on the certification procedures according to the international standards.The draft study presupposes the analysis of the preparatory and final stage of international certification of oil and gas enterprises personnel, as well as the development of recommendations for their improvement, by using design thinking procedure. The study combines methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis. In particular, statistical analysis tools are used to study the results and evaluate the influence on personnel certification. Qualitative methods are used to establish intellectual, psychological and professional options of a person, by applying prototyping tools. Based on the results of the study, it is planned to obtain:» design thinking procedure integrated into the process of international personnel certification of oil and gas enterprises, which will increase the efficiency of human resources development;» improved approach to the organization of international certification procedures for professional drillers, which is based on the use of prototyping tools;» a list of influences on the certification procedures according to international standards and an approach to their evaluation.
{"title":"Design Thinking Method Implementation in Personnel Certification Procedures","authors":"G. Malynovska, L. Mosora, S. Kis, T. Topolnytska, Yaryna Kalambet","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29134","url":null,"abstract":"Personnel certification is one of the most effective tools for implementing human resources development processes and procedures. By certifying employees, either enterprises, institutions or organizations strive to expand their capabilities by acquiring new or improving already existing knowledge, skills, abilities and experience in order to improve the efficiency of performing professional duties. The purpose of the article is theoretical and methodological justification, practical testing and evaluation of personnel certification processes using design thinking procedure. The research goal is achieved by setting and solving the following tasks:- to investigate the theoretical and methodological basis of design thinking procedure, to establish the possibilities and ways of its practical application in the processes of human resource development of the organization;- to improve the implementation of international certification processes for professional drillers with the help of the prototyping tool;\u0000- to develop recommendations and evaluate the influence on the certification procedures according to the international standards.The draft study presupposes the analysis of the preparatory and final stage of international certification of oil and gas enterprises personnel, as well as the development of recommendations for their improvement, by using design thinking procedure. The study combines methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis. In particular, statistical analysis tools are used to study the results and evaluate the influence on personnel certification. Qualitative methods are used to establish intellectual, psychological and professional options of a person, by applying prototyping tools. Based on the results of the study, it is planned to obtain:» design thinking procedure integrated into the process of international personnel certification of oil and gas enterprises, which will increase the efficiency of human resources development;» improved approach to the organization of international certification procedures for professional drillers, which is based on the use of prototyping tools;» a list of influences on the certification procedures according to international standards and an approach to their evaluation.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83431266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29248
Iveta Linina, V. Vevere
Critical thinking is mental process of analysis and evaluation of information. The source of information can be experience, reflection, observation, communication, etc., as well as study process. Business education is based on the ability to navigate the market situation and make informed decisions. The aim of the research is to determine correlation between business students information processing skills according to certain criteria and students’ self-evaluation of their information processing skills. Based on this, the authors of the investigation study the theoretical basis of critical thinking with the monographic or descriptive method, with the help of a questionnaire assess students' ability to critically evaluate the situation and make decisions based on it. This study will provide an understanding the need for critical thinking and its development in the process of business education. Two research questions are put forward: (1) What is the self-assessment of critical thinking skills by the business students? (2) What are the differences between the self-assessment and the assessment according to the proposed criteria? In the result, the authors conclude that by studying the importance of critical thinking in educating business students, it is possible to increase market understanding and decision-making competence for students. Critical thinking is the skills of business students to start a successful business.
{"title":"Critical Thinking Competence and its Impact on Acquisition of Basic Principles of Enterpreneurship Among Business Students in Latvia","authors":"Iveta Linina, V. Vevere","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29248","url":null,"abstract":"Critical thinking is mental process of analysis and evaluation of information. The source of information can be experience, reflection, observation, communication, etc., as well as study process. Business education is based on the ability to navigate the market situation and make informed decisions. The aim of the research is to determine correlation between business students information processing skills according to certain criteria and students’ self-evaluation of their information processing skills. Based on this, the authors of the investigation study the theoretical basis of critical thinking with the monographic or descriptive method, with the help of a questionnaire assess students' ability to critically evaluate the situation and make decisions based on it. This study will provide an understanding the need for critical thinking and its development in the process of business education. Two research questions are put forward: (1) What is the self-assessment of critical thinking skills by the business students? (2) What are the differences between the self-assessment and the assessment according to the proposed criteria? In the result, the authors conclude that by studying the importance of critical thinking in educating business students, it is possible to increase market understanding and decision-making competence for students. Critical thinking is the skills of business students to start a successful business.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91224744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29047
Dovilė Balevičienė, L. Huber
More than 10% of the world's working-age population are migrants. Migration issues are particularly relevant in Europe, as 2.7 million people came to Europe in 2019 alone. According to the report “WWWforEurope”, the quantity of research investigating cultural diversity is on the rise, the authors of the report Dohse and Gold (2014) have also noted that cultural diversity affects critical economic variables - economic growth, innovation, and the social welfare. Therefore, Gelfand et al. (2017) argue that research on organizational behavior should include more theories of cultural diversity. There has been little such research in Lithuania, so this article aims to analyze immigrant diversity perspectives in Lithuanian organizations. The qualitative empirical research was conducted using expert interviews. Content analysis was conducted using NVivo software. The results show that Lithuania has a low level of immigrant diversity, but therefore there is currently a growing interest and awareness related to this topic. Immigrant diversity is occurring in international organizations, globally born companies, organizations expanding into foreign markets or organizations founded by immigrants themselves. Two types of organizations (according to immigrant diversity perspectives) were categorized: 1) monolithic organization (this type is more prominent, based on resistance and “discrimination-and-fairness” paradigms and highly related to the cultural context of the country); 2) multicultural organization (focus on “integration-and-learning” and “access-and-legitimacy” paradigms).
世界上超过10%的劳动年龄人口是移民。移民问题在欧洲尤为重要，因为仅2019年就有270万人来到欧洲。根据“wwwforeeurope”报告，调查文化多样性的研究数量正在上升，报告的作者Dohse和Gold(2014)也指出，文化多样性影响着关键的经济变量——经济增长、创新和社会福利。因此，Gelfand et al.(2017)认为组织行为学的研究应该包含更多的文化多样性理论。在立陶宛很少有这样的研究，因此本文旨在分析立陶宛组织中的移民多样性视角。采用专家访谈法进行定性实证研究。使用NVivo软件进行内容分析。结果表明，立陶宛的移民多样性水平较低，但因此目前对这一主题的兴趣和认识日益增加。移民多样性发生在国际组织、在全球诞生的公司、向国外市场扩张的组织或由移民自己创立的组织中。根据移民多样性的观点，将两种类型的组织分为:1)单一组织(这种类型更为突出，基于抵抗和“歧视与公平”范式，与国家的文化背景高度相关);2)多元文化组织(关注“整合-学习”和“获取-合法性”范式)。
{"title":"General Aspects and Perspectives of Immigrant Diversity in Organizations","authors":"Dovilė Balevičienė, L. Huber","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29047","url":null,"abstract":"More than 10% of the world's working-age population are migrants. Migration issues are particularly relevant in Europe, as 2.7 million people came to Europe in 2019 alone. According to the report “WWWforEurope”, the quantity of research investigating cultural diversity is on the rise, the authors of the report Dohse and Gold (2014) have also noted that cultural diversity affects critical economic variables - economic growth, innovation, and the social welfare. Therefore, Gelfand et al. (2017) argue that research on organizational behavior should include more theories of cultural diversity. There has been little such research in Lithuania, so this article aims to analyze immigrant diversity perspectives in Lithuanian organizations. The qualitative empirical research was conducted using expert interviews. Content analysis was conducted using NVivo software. The results show that Lithuania has a low level of immigrant diversity, but therefore there is currently a growing interest and awareness related to this topic. Immigrant diversity is occurring in international organizations, globally born companies, organizations expanding into foreign markets or organizations founded by immigrants themselves. Two types of organizations (according to immigrant diversity perspectives) were categorized: 1) monolithic organization (this type is more prominent, based on resistance and “discrimination-and-fairness” paradigms and highly related to the cultural context of the country); 2) multicultural organization (focus on “integration-and-learning” and “access-and-legitimacy” paradigms).","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83123336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.28804
N. Tocelovska, Agnese Eglīte
While the development of the Baltic corporate bond market is based on the uncovered bond segment, the elaboration of the legislative base has a devoted emphasis on the covered bonds. The shift from a country-focused to the pan-Baltic-focused capital market has been publicly acknowledged by the governments (Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Latvia, 2018) and is in line with the ongoing Capital Markets Union initiative of the European Commission (The High Level Forum on the Capital Markets, 2020). Moreover, a pan-Baltic covered bond legal and regulatory framework has been initiated (Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Lithuania, 2019). The strong demand for the corporate bond segment in the Baltics (the average number of issues listed in the period 2009-2019 reached 44) where no covered bonds are traded on Nasdaq Baltic (Nasdaq Baltic, 2020) creates the need for a unification of the uncovered corporate bond legislation. The existing academic research is relatively modest on analysing legal frameworks of corporate bond issuance. The studies examine the division between domestic and international (typically Eurobonds) legal issuance frameworks with more focus on the legislative frameworks as related to the terms of issuance. Few articles consider a new supranational bond issuance framework, while the interpretation of the issue is radically diverse. There is no existing academic research on the legal framework of the uncovered corporate bond issuance in the Baltics. The aim of this research is to reveal the feasibility of the development of a pan-Baltic uncovered corporate bond issuance framework by analysing the existing legal and regulatory documentation of the corporate bond issuance in the Baltic states. The research provides a limitation for the corporate bond issuance process legislation in the form of information disclosure requirements and the prospective situation of a default of an issuer. The research presents the primary data analysis of the in-depth interviews with pan-Baltic legal professionals in the corporate bond issuance segment conducted in the period December 2019-March 2020. The research demonstrates that the concern of the information disclosure for the issue of corporate bonds is covered under the new regime of the Prospectus Regulation, where further harmonisation of the smaller scope of issues is needed. The national insolvency laws in the Baltics are yet different and need to be harmonised for the default of the issuer. In the result of the research, the idea of a proposal for a pan-Baltic legal and regulatory framework for uncovered corporate bond issuance is evaluated as feasible action corresponding both to the goals of the Capital Markets Union and a pan-Baltic capital market development. The research methods used in this article are scientific publication analysis, document analysis, and in-depth interviews.
{"title":"Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Situation of Uncovered Corporate Bond Issuance in the Baltic States: is there a Common Framework Possible?","authors":"N. Tocelovska, Agnese Eglīte","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.28804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.28804","url":null,"abstract":"While the development of the Baltic corporate bond market is based on the uncovered bond segment, the elaboration of the legislative base has a devoted emphasis on the covered bonds. The shift from a country-focused to the pan-Baltic-focused capital market has been publicly acknowledged by the governments (Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Latvia, 2018) and is in line with the ongoing Capital Markets Union initiative of the European Commission (The High Level Forum on the Capital Markets, 2020). Moreover, a pan-Baltic covered bond legal and regulatory framework has been initiated (Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Lithuania, 2019). The strong demand for the corporate bond segment in the Baltics (the average number of issues listed in the period 2009-2019 reached 44) where no covered bonds are traded on Nasdaq Baltic (Nasdaq Baltic, 2020) creates the need for a unification of the uncovered corporate bond legislation. The existing academic research is relatively modest on analysing legal frameworks of corporate bond issuance. The studies examine the division between domestic and international (typically Eurobonds) legal issuance frameworks with more focus on the legislative frameworks as related to the terms of issuance. Few articles consider a new supranational bond issuance framework, while the interpretation of the issue is radically diverse. There is no existing academic research on the legal framework of the uncovered corporate bond issuance in the Baltics. The aim of this research is to reveal the feasibility of the development of a pan-Baltic uncovered corporate bond issuance framework by analysing the existing legal and regulatory documentation of the corporate bond issuance in the Baltic states. The research provides a limitation for the corporate bond issuance process legislation in the form of information disclosure requirements and the prospective situation of a default of an issuer. The research presents the primary data analysis of the in-depth interviews with pan-Baltic legal professionals in the corporate bond issuance segment conducted in the period December 2019-March 2020. The research demonstrates that the concern of the information disclosure for the issue of corporate bonds is covered under the new regime of the Prospectus Regulation, where further harmonisation of the smaller scope of issues is needed. The national insolvency laws in the Baltics are yet different and need to be harmonised for the default of the issuer. In the result of the research, the idea of a proposal for a pan-Baltic legal and regulatory framework for uncovered corporate bond issuance is evaluated as feasible action corresponding both to the goals of the Capital Markets Union and a pan-Baltic capital market development. The research methods used in this article are scientific publication analysis, document analysis, and in-depth interviews.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79142178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.28803
Kamaldeep Singh
Influencer marketing is a marketing method that more and more companies are using when it comes to marketing brands. The purpose of the study has been to gain a deeper understanding of how social media influencers affect consumers' buying behavior. To understand this, consumers' attitudes and confidence in the phenomenon have been relevant factors to examine. The study also aimed to find out whether Word of Mouth (WoM) or social media influencers have the greatest impact on consumers' buying behavior. The results have shown that social media influencer's impact on consumers' buying behavior depends on whether attitudes are positive or negative. Consumers with positive attitudes towards social media influencers have a greater tendency to acquire what is marketed in comparison with consumers who have negative attitudes towards social media influencers, who instead refrain from buying. Factors that increase confidence in social media influencer are whether the consumer feels connected, honesty and that social media influencer in markets products / services within its area of expertise. What has been shown to play a significant role when it comes to influencing consumers' buying behaviors and attitudes is what the environment's perceptions, opinions and experiences about the phenomenon look like WoM. It has emerged that the respondents have a greater confidence in their surroundings than they have in social media influencers. This study will adopt a qualitative approach towards collection and analysis of data. Hence this study will investigate influencer marketing from a consumer perspective through a qualitative method with the help of semi-structured interviews. The researcher will conduct a minimum of 5 semi-structured interviews and analyze the data to formulate the required findings of this study.
{"title":"Influencer Marketing from a Consumer Perspective: How Attitude, Trust, and Word of Mouth Affect Buying Behavior","authors":"Kamaldeep Singh","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.28803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.28803","url":null,"abstract":"Influencer marketing is a marketing method that more and more companies are using when it comes to marketing brands. The purpose of the study has been to gain a deeper understanding of how social media influencers affect consumers' buying behavior. To understand this, consumers' attitudes and confidence in the phenomenon have been relevant factors to examine. The study also aimed to find out whether Word of Mouth (WoM) or social media influencers have the greatest impact on consumers' buying behavior. The results have shown that social media influencer's impact on consumers' buying behavior depends on whether attitudes are positive or negative. Consumers with positive attitudes towards social media influencers have a greater tendency to acquire what is marketed in comparison with consumers who have negative attitudes towards social media influencers, who instead refrain from buying. Factors that increase confidence in social media influencer are whether the consumer feels connected, honesty and that social media influencer in markets products / services within its area of expertise. What has been shown to play a significant role when it comes to influencing consumers' buying behaviors and attitudes is what the environment's perceptions, opinions and experiences about the phenomenon look like WoM. It has emerged that the respondents have a greater confidence in their surroundings than they have in social media influencers. This study will adopt a qualitative approach towards collection and analysis of data. Hence this study will investigate influencer marketing from a consumer perspective through a qualitative method with the help of semi-structured interviews. The researcher will conduct a minimum of 5 semi-structured interviews and analyze the data to formulate the required findings of this study.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79890895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.28829
Vilnis Veinbergs, Ivita Kīsnica
Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have become available not only in the military environment, but to every member of society. They can be effectively used in security work, although, if used unprofessionally, UA can pose a threat to the public or the protected object. The aim of the article is to find evidence that the use of UA for the protection of a security object can be of a technical nature. With the introduction of UA as a part of technical equipment for security work, it would be possible to immediately inspect the guarded object and track and/ or detain persons with criminal intent, or transfer the data obtained by the video camera recording system to the State Police. The primary data of the research was collected using the survey method, where the general set of research was compiled by security companies that have received the required license for the provision of Technical Security by the State Police. The experience of using UAV in Latvia and in the international environment has been analysed using the case study method; secondary data has been obtained from statistical databases and scientific literature, as well as from publicly available sources. The results of the research theoretically reflect the effectiveness of the use of UA and UAS in security work, which will provide an opportunity to reasonably conduct practical research in the security industry environment.
{"title":"Possibilities and Restrictions on the Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Security Work in Latvia","authors":"Vilnis Veinbergs, Ivita Kīsnica","doi":"10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.28829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.28829","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have become available not only in the military environment, but to every member of society. They can be effectively used in security work, although, if used unprofessionally, UA can pose a threat to the public or the protected object. The aim of the article is to find evidence that the use of UA for the protection of a security object can be of a technical nature. With the introduction of UA as a part of technical equipment for security work, it would be possible to immediately inspect the guarded object and track and/ or detain persons with criminal intent, or transfer the data obtained by the video camera recording system to the State Police. The primary data of the research was collected using the survey method, where the general set of research was compiled by security companies that have received the required license for the provision of Technical Security by the State Police. The experience of using UAV in Latvia and in the international environment has been analysed using the case study method; secondary data has been obtained from statistical databases and scientific literature, as well as from publicly available sources. The results of the research theoretically reflect the effectiveness of the use of UA and UAS in security work, which will provide an opportunity to reasonably conduct practical research in the security industry environment.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90205119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.46941/2021.se1.106-116
József Gula
The present paper examines the system of legal means against unfair competition, with special regards to the means of criminal law and the characteristics of the criminal legal protection. The evaluation of the regulation is based on the provisions in force pertaining to the agreement in restraint of competition in public procurement and concession procedure, the emergence, and the correspondence of the rules of competition law and criminal law.
{"title":"Criminal legal regulations on cartels in Hungary","authors":"József Gula","doi":"10.46941/2021.se1.106-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.se1.106-116","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper examines the system of legal means against unfair competition, with special regards to the means of criminal law and the characteristics of the criminal legal protection. The evaluation of the regulation is based on the provisions in force pertaining to the agreement in restraint of competition in public procurement and concession procedure, the emergence, and the correspondence of the rules of competition law and criminal law.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75812940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social innovation has become an efficient public instrument to address the emerging social problems of contemporary societies. However, social innovation policies are still considered to be recent topics in the literature. This review article presents and describes the Public Policy of Social Innovation in Colombia and its evolution in the last decade. The article describes the policies and actors participating in social innovation processes by giving insights and concrete examples into the configuration of an ecosystem of social innovation. The paper aims to introduce elements which should be considered by innovation policy analysts when develop policies for social innovation in emerging economies that merit attention. By providing abundant examples and frameworks in the Public Policy of Social Innovation in Colombia, lessons for emerging economies are expected to benefit future governments interested in this issue. The review is concluded with suggestions and recommendations for practitioners and policy-makers.
{"title":"A Public Policy for Social Innovation: Lessons From Colombia in a Nutshell","authors":"Sabrina Tabares","doi":"10.46941/2021.e2.51-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46941/2021.e2.51-63","url":null,"abstract":"Social innovation has become an efficient public instrument to address the emerging social problems of contemporary societies. However, social innovation policies are still considered to be recent topics in the literature. This review article presents and describes the Public Policy of Social Innovation in Colombia and its evolution in the last decade. The article describes the policies and actors participating in social innovation processes by giving insights and concrete examples into the configuration of an ecosystem of social innovation. The paper aims to introduce elements which should be considered by innovation policy analysts when develop policies for social innovation in emerging economies that merit attention. By providing abundant examples and frameworks in the Public Policy of Social Innovation in Colombia, lessons for emerging economies are expected to benefit future governments interested in this issue. The review is concluded with suggestions and recommendations for practitioners and policy-makers.","PeriodicalId":51991,"journal":{"name":"European Integration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81854874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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