{"title":"Review of V. Evangelidis, The archaeology of Roman Macedonia, Oxford 2022","authors":"Georgia Galani","doi":"10.30549/opathrom-16-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-16-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51997,"journal":{"name":"Opuscula-Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome","volume":"14 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86656179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four marble statuettes of pregnant swine were found in the sanctuary of Demeter at Knidos over 160 years ago, but have been largely overlooked in previous research, even though the connection between pigs and Demeter has long caught the attention of scholars, especially in relation to the piglets required for the celebration of her Eleusinian Mysteries. The statuettes raise several questions. Why make sculptures of pregnant sows? Who dedicated those offerings, and in what context? Are they related to the sacrifice of pregnant sows? And ultimately, why pregnant sows for Demeter? The article starts with a presentation of the four marble sows from the sanctuary of Demeter at Knidos, followed by a more general examination of the archaeological evidence for pig, piglet, and pregnant sow representations at Greek sanctuaries. I will then explore the epigraphical evidence for pregnant sow sacrifices, all of which is in connection with the cult of Demeter, and contextualize it with other sacrifices of pigs and piglets. I will complete this study with a brief overview of the zooarchaeological evidence for the sacrifice of pregnant sows. The collected evidence will be used to better understand the use of pregnant sows and their religious significance in the cult of Demeter.
{"title":"Statuettes of pregnant sows from Knidos. New light on the cult of Demeter","authors":"Linda Talatas","doi":"10.30549/opathrom-16-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-16-07","url":null,"abstract":"Four marble statuettes of pregnant swine were found in the sanctuary of Demeter at Knidos over 160 years ago, but have been largely overlooked in previous research, even though the connection between pigs and Demeter has long caught the attention of scholars, especially in relation to the piglets required for the celebration of her Eleusinian Mysteries. The statuettes raise several questions. Why make sculptures of pregnant sows? Who dedicated those offerings, and in what context? Are they related to the sacrifice of pregnant sows? And ultimately, why pregnant sows for Demeter? The article starts with a presentation of the four marble sows from the sanctuary of Demeter at Knidos, followed by a more general examination of the archaeological evidence for pig, piglet, and pregnant sow representations at Greek sanctuaries. I will then explore the epigraphical evidence for pregnant sow sacrifices, all of which is in connection with the cult of Demeter, and contextualize it with other sacrifices of pigs and piglets. I will complete this study with a brief overview of the zooarchaeological evidence for the sacrifice of pregnant sows. The collected evidence will be used to better understand the use of pregnant sows and their religious significance in the cult of Demeter.","PeriodicalId":51997,"journal":{"name":"Opuscula-Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81738089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inventory books of the Skulpturensammlung (Sculpture Collection) in the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden (Dresden State Art Collections, SKD) mention a plaster cast of a Venus sculpture, moulded from the marble so-called Venus of Stockholm. In the first half of the 19th century this statue—always considered an ancient artwork—had been owned by the Swedish sculptor Johan Niklas Byström, before it was sold to an English art collector. From that time on, the sculpture has been considered lost and it has remained unregarded by research. By contextualizing the Dresden plaster cast with other ancient Venus sculptures and textual sources, this article aims to show that the Venus of Stockholm was most likely an elaborate and mirror-reversed imitation made in its entirety in the 17th or 18th century. As such, the Venus of Stockholm was exceptional, because post-antique mirror-reversed copies of ancient sculptures are very rare. In addition, the article compares the Venus of Stockholm to statues sculpted by Byström, in order to highlight its impact on his oeuvre.
{"title":"Johan Niklas Byström and the so-called Venus of Stockholm. New research on a presumably lost sculpture","authors":"Christian Klose","doi":"10.30549/opathrom-16-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-16-10","url":null,"abstract":"The inventory books of the Skulpturensammlung (Sculpture Collection) in the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden (Dresden State Art Collections, SKD) mention a plaster cast of a Venus sculpture, moulded from the marble so-called Venus of Stockholm. In the first half of the 19th century this statue—always considered an ancient artwork—had been owned by the Swedish sculptor Johan Niklas Byström, before it was sold to an English art collector. From that time on, the sculpture has been considered lost and it has remained unregarded by research. By contextualizing the Dresden plaster cast with other ancient Venus sculptures and textual sources, this article aims to show that the Venus of Stockholm was most likely an elaborate and mirror-reversed imitation made in its entirety in the 17th or 18th century. As such, the Venus of Stockholm was exceptional, because post-antique mirror-reversed copies of ancient sculptures are very rare. In addition, the article compares the Venus of Stockholm to statues sculpted by Byström, in order to highlight its impact on his oeuvre.","PeriodicalId":51997,"journal":{"name":"Opuscula-Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome","volume":"334 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79731073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dissertation abstracts 2022–2023","authors":"","doi":"10.30549/opathrom-16-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-16-16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51997,"journal":{"name":"Opuscula-Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75264903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter M. Fischer, T. Bürge, Rainer Feldbacher, Kirsi O. Lorentz, Bianca Casa, Natalie M. Branca, Yuko Miyauchi, Sila Kayalp, Maria Nectaria Antoniou, Svetlana Gasanova, Valentina Vassallo, Rahaf Orabi, Panagiotis Ioannou, S. Hermon
In 2021 and 2022, the 13th and 14th seasons of excavations at the Late Bronze Age site of Hala Sultan Tekke were carried out in Area A, and as a result of these investigations numerous tombs were found. These tombs were threatened by farming. Four magnetic anomalies, indicated in the 2017 survey magnetometer map, were investigated. They represent three tombs, L198, TT, and UU, and the probable Offering Pit SS-S. The minimum number of individuals (MNI) in Pit Tomb L198, which contains only secondary burials, is six. They are associated with 21 ceramic vessels of which a few were imported from Anatolia. Chamber Tomb TT was completely excavated and contained a minimum of 25 individuals and 78 objects. Among these are 47 ceramic vessels of which a few are from the Mycenaean sphere of culture. Other mortuary gifts are various objects of metal, faience, carnelian, haematite, and rock crystal in addition to three scarabs. The incompletely excavated large (Chamber?) Tomb UU contained, so far, a minimum of 19 individuals and 140 objects. They comprise 124 ceramic vessels including numerous Late Helladic, Late Minoan, and Anatolian pottery. Other finds are bronze and gold jewellery, the latter including a diadem, and a duck-shaped ivory box from the same context as Egyptian-imported vessels of calcite. None of the tombs and the offering pit, which can all be roughly dated to the 14th century BC, were looted. The special arrangements of the human bones in Chamber Tomb TT and the multitude of imported materials in Tomb UU offer additional insights into complex Late Cypriot mortuary practices and the far-reaching interregional connections of the urban élites of Hala Sultan Tekke.
2021年和2022年，在A区对哈拉苏丹特克(Hala Sultan Tekke)青铜时代晚期遗址进行了第13季和第14季的挖掘，结果发现了许多坟墓。这些坟墓受到农耕的威胁。研究了2017年调查磁力计图中显示的四个磁异常。它们代表了三座坟墓，L198, TT和UU，以及可能的祭祀坑SS-S。L198坑墓只包含二次墓葬，最小个体数(MNI)为6。它们与21个陶瓷容器有关，其中一些是从安纳托利亚进口的。室墓TT被完全挖掘，至少有25个人和78件物品。其中有47个陶瓷容器，其中一些来自迈锡尼文化领域。除了三只圣甲虫外，其他的灵柩礼物还有各种各样的金属、瓷器、玛瑙、赤铁矿和水晶。未完全挖掘的大(室?)到目前为止，古墓UU至少有19个人和140件物品。它们包括124个陶瓷容器，其中包括许多晚期希腊，晚期米诺斯和安纳托利亚陶器。其他发现还有青铜和黄金首饰，后者包括一顶王冠，以及一个鸭形象牙盒，与埃及进口的方解石容器的背景相同。这些坟墓和供品坑都可以大致追溯到公元前14世纪，没有一个被洗劫过。墓室墓TT中人骨的特殊安排和墓室墓UU中大量进口材料提供了对复杂的晚期塞浦路斯殡葬实践和哈拉苏丹特克城市生活用品组织之间深远的区域间联系的额外见解。
{"title":"The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition (The Söderberg Expedition): Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke autumn 2021 and spring 2022. Preliminary results","authors":"Peter M. Fischer, T. Bürge, Rainer Feldbacher, Kirsi O. Lorentz, Bianca Casa, Natalie M. Branca, Yuko Miyauchi, Sila Kayalp, Maria Nectaria Antoniou, Svetlana Gasanova, Valentina Vassallo, Rahaf Orabi, Panagiotis Ioannou, S. Hermon","doi":"10.30549/opathrom-16-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-16-02","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021 and 2022, the 13th and 14th seasons of excavations at the Late Bronze Age site of Hala Sultan Tekke were carried out in Area A, and as a result of these investigations numerous tombs were found. These tombs were threatened by farming. Four magnetic anomalies, indicated in the 2017 survey magnetometer map, were investigated. They represent three tombs, L198, TT, and UU, and the probable Offering Pit SS-S. The minimum number of individuals (MNI) in Pit Tomb L198, which contains only secondary burials, is six. They are associated with 21 ceramic vessels of which a few were imported from Anatolia. Chamber Tomb TT was completely excavated and contained a minimum of 25 individuals and 78 objects. Among these are 47 ceramic vessels of which a few are from the Mycenaean sphere of culture. Other mortuary gifts are various objects of metal, faience, carnelian, haematite, and rock crystal in addition to three scarabs. The incompletely excavated large (Chamber?) Tomb UU contained, so far, a minimum of 19 individuals and 140 objects. They comprise 124 ceramic vessels including numerous Late Helladic, Late Minoan, and Anatolian pottery. Other finds are bronze and gold jewellery, the latter including a diadem, and a duck-shaped ivory box from the same context as Egyptian-imported vessels of calcite. None of the tombs and the offering pit, which can all be roughly dated to the 14th century BC, were looted. The special arrangements of the human bones in Chamber Tomb TT and the multitude of imported materials in Tomb UU offer additional insights into complex Late Cypriot mortuary practices and the far-reaching interregional connections of the urban élites of Hala Sultan Tekke.","PeriodicalId":51997,"journal":{"name":"Opuscula-Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome","volume":"364 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77333561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of J.C Wright et al., The Mycenaean settlement on Tsoungiza Hill, Princeton 2020","authors":"Vassilis P. Petrakis","doi":"10.30549/opathrom-16-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-16-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51997,"journal":{"name":"Opuscula-Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86060509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of S. Minna, ed., Challenges, strategies and high-tech applications for saving the cultural heritage of Syria, Vienna 2022","authors":"Anas Al Khabour","doi":"10.30549/opathrom-16-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-16-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51997,"journal":{"name":"Opuscula-Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81670534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is designed to recover and reconstruct the antiquarian, collecting, and documentary activities of Italian artist Hieronymus Odam (c. 1681–1740) in respect of engraved gems. Odam is primarily recognized as a painter, while his contribution to the development of antiquarianism and collecting of antiquities remains virtually unknown. Odam’s speciality was intaglios and cameos. The recently discovered drawings of gems in the Princes Czartoryski Museum in Kraków, the Kunstbibliothek in Berlin, and the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, as well as archival sources—Odam’s correspondence and two dactyliothecae (those of Pier Leone Ghezzi and James Tassie)—prove that he possessed a considerable number of engraved gems and was one of the experts in this particular field. But above all, Odam documented thousands of engraved gems, notably for Philipp von Stosch, in a very accurate and innovative way, straying from the traditional antiquarian approach. The co-operation between Odam and Stosch resulted in illustrations that were designed to show techniques of engraving and styles of the ancient masters, qualities that had not previously been addressed by antiquarians. In Odam’s and Stosch’s approach gems were treated as sources of evidence rather than as images useful for illustrating passages from ancient literature. Odam is a fine example illustrating the transformation of antiquarianism in the first half of the 18th century.
本文旨在恢复和重建意大利艺术家耶罗尼米斯·奥丹(约1681-1740)在雕刻宝石方面的古物、收藏和文献活动。奥丹主要被认为是一名画家，而他对古物学和古物收藏的贡献几乎不为人知。奥丹的专长是凹版和浮雕。最近在Kraków的Czartoryski王子博物馆，柏林的Kunstbibliothek和梵蒂冈的Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana发现的宝石图纸，以及档案资料- odam的通信和两个dactyliothecae (Pier Leone Ghezzi和James Tassie的)-证明他拥有相当数量的雕刻宝石，并且是这一特定领域的专家之一。但最重要的是，奥丹以一种非常准确和创新的方式记录了成千上万的雕刻宝石，尤其是菲利普·冯·斯托施(Philipp von Stosch)的作品，偏离了传统的古物研究方法。Odam和Stosch之间的合作产生了插图，旨在展示古代大师的雕刻技术和风格，这些品质以前没有被古物学家所解决。在奥达姆和斯托施的方法中，宝石被视为证据的来源，而不是用来说明古代文学段落的有用图像。奥丹是一个很好的例子，说明了18世纪上半叶古物学的转变。
{"title":"Hieronymus Odam, engraved gems and antiquarianism","authors":"P. Gołyźniak","doi":"10.30549/opathrom-16-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-16-09","url":null,"abstract":"This article is designed to recover and reconstruct the antiquarian, collecting, and documentary activities of Italian artist Hieronymus Odam (c. 1681–1740) in respect of engraved gems. Odam is primarily recognized as a painter, while his contribution to the development of antiquarianism and collecting of antiquities remains virtually unknown. Odam’s speciality was intaglios and cameos. The recently discovered drawings of gems in the Princes Czartoryski Museum in Kraków, the Kunstbibliothek in Berlin, and the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, as well as archival sources—Odam’s correspondence and two dactyliothecae (those of Pier Leone Ghezzi and James Tassie)—prove that he possessed a considerable number of engraved gems and was one of the experts in this particular field. But above all, Odam documented thousands of engraved gems, notably for Philipp von Stosch, in a very accurate and innovative way, straying from the traditional antiquarian approach. The co-operation between Odam and Stosch resulted in illustrations that were designed to show techniques of engraving and styles of the ancient masters, qualities that had not previously been addressed by antiquarians. In Odam’s and Stosch’s approach gems were treated as sources of evidence rather than as images useful for illustrating passages from ancient literature. Odam is a fine example illustrating the transformation of antiquarianism in the first half of the 18th century.","PeriodicalId":51997,"journal":{"name":"Opuscula-Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87733317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The existence of an ancient city at Thessalian Vlochos was first established by the discovery in 1964 of several inscribed stelai at a quarry at the site, which in turn prompted its declaration as a protected archaeological zone. A large spoil-heap with mixed soils and quarry debris had been left after the closure of the quarry, and this was examined and removed as part of the ongoing Greek-Swedish archaeological collaboration at the site. Apart from quarry debris and rubbish, the soils of the heap yielded considerable amounts of pottery and tile, and also architectural members, terracotta figurines, stelai, marble statuettes, and votives. The mixed nature of the soils made all finds ex situ, but the composition of the material provides a transect of the chronology of the site at Vlochos, as well as strong indications of cult, including evidence for the cult of the Thessalian goddess Ennodia.
{"title":"A preliminary report on sculptures and figurative terracottas found at the site of Vlochos, region of Karditsa, Thessaly","authors":"Stelios Ieremias, Robin Rönnlund","doi":"10.30549/opathrom-16-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-16-04","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of an ancient city at Thessalian Vlochos was first established by the discovery in 1964 of several inscribed stelai at a quarry at the site, which in turn prompted its declaration as a protected archaeological zone. A large spoil-heap with mixed soils and quarry debris had been left after the closure of the quarry, and this was examined and removed as part of the ongoing Greek-Swedish archaeological collaboration at the site. Apart from quarry debris and rubbish, the soils of the heap yielded considerable amounts of pottery and tile, and also architectural members, terracotta figurines, stelai, marble statuettes, and votives. The mixed nature of the soils made all finds ex situ, but the composition of the material provides a transect of the chronology of the site at Vlochos, as well as strong indications of cult, including evidence for the cult of the Thessalian goddess Ennodia.","PeriodicalId":51997,"journal":{"name":"Opuscula-Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78419816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of E. Rystedt, Excursions into Greek and Roman imagery, Abingdon 2023","authors":"J. Neils","doi":"10.30549/opathrom-16-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-16-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51997,"journal":{"name":"Opuscula-Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75407531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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