Coke and Chemistry最新文献

By modernizing the department of chemical water treatment at enterprises with a closed water cycle for production equipment and heat exchangers, the consumption of electric power and chemical reagents may be decreased, along with the workload of maintenance and repair staff. For more stable operation of the condensation power station, industrial trials with different chemical treatments in the water cycle are conducted. The tests indicate acceptable levels of calcium transport and corrosion rates.

The history of power generation at PAO Koks is outlined.

In any industrial process, the basic parameters of the raw materials and product must be continuously monitored. As processes grow more complex, assessment methods and staff skills must be steadily improved. In its development over the past 100 years, PAO Koks has improved both the primary and secondary shops, expanding to new areas of science and technology. The present article reviews the history of the central plant laboratory.

Economic incentives have been introduced at PAO Koks to reduce environmental pollution. The best available technologies have been introduced. As a result, particulate emissions have been reduced by 1.56 kg per t of coke.

Effective functioning of any industrial enterprise entails planning, accounting, and analysis of its basic operational parameters, including profit. A factorial method is proposed for analysis of the profit on sales at a coke plant. This method, adopted at PAO Koks, permits complete analysis of profits in terms of nine basic factors. Each factor is considered separately; the corresponding formulas are presented. As an example, the variation in profits on sales at a hypothetical Enterprise A in period 1 relative to period 2 is subjected to factorial analysis. Conclusions are drawn regarding the influence of each factor. The economic service at an enterprise may use the proposed method to analyze the profits for presentations to different users, with the goal of optimizing costs and increasing income.

A progressive bonus system employed at PAO Koks is described: the bonus is assessed on the basis of how many metal structures produced by the corresponding specialized department of equipment repair shop 2 are introduced at the plant. Bonuses stimulate workers to increase their productivity and hence their output of metal structures. That lowers the expense of purchasing such structures from outside suppliers and so meets the goal of any commercial enterprise: to make the maximum profit with minimum expenditure. Increasing the bonus system also increases the mean pay of the workers in the department, thereby improving staff loyalty and reducing employee turnover.

The injection of hydrogen-bearing additives, which markedly decrease coke consumption, calls for refinement of the equations describing chemical reactions in the blast furnace. In the last few decades, many researchers have studied the reaction of coke with atmospheres containing H₂ and H₂O. Tube furnaces are used for the laboratory study of such processes. As a rule, such systems permit automated gas supply, weighing of the samples, and determination of the exhaust gas composition in a gas analyzer. Analysis of the results indicates that, at the same temperature, the gasification of the carbon in coke is more intense in reactions with H₂O than with CO₂.

Emissions from vents of tanks containing industrial liquids at coke plants are investigated. The results are analyzed, and the factors affecting the emissions are noted. Routine monitoring of vents to inventory and monitor the emissions is shown to be impossible. Recommendations are made for determining emissions from vents.

The influence of binders on the strength of sawdust pellets is investigated. Two groups of binders are considered: commercial products (starch and lignin); and those derived from low-grade fuels and waste (coal sludge, peat, and sunflower cake). All the additives considered improve pellet strength under vibration by 3.9–8.0%. Under impact, none of the pellets disintegrated completely. The impact strength was greatest for sawdust-based pellets with no additives. The use of special additives reduces the hygroscopic properties by 0.9–1.3%. The experimental results show that pellets containing peat are dense and wear-resistant and withstand impact well, but they are inclined to absorb atmospheric moisture. The best binder concentration is 5 wt %; that most improves pellet behavior. With 10 wt % binder, the pellet quality is either practically unchanged or impaired.

The properties of coke depend on numerous factors, including the density of the compacted coal cake. The influence of batch compacting (stamp charging) on the properties of metallurgical coke produced in coke shop 3 at Alchevsk Metallurgical Complex, SMMC, is studied in the present work. The distribution of the batch density over the height is determined with different compacting conditions in the compacting–charging–discharge machine. In different stamping conditions, the density of the charge gradually decreases with increase in height; the difference may reach 13%. The granulometric composition and strength of the metallurgical coke and the yield of volatiles are determined in different compacting conditions and at different sampling heights. With increase in batch density from 0.87 to 1.08 g/cm³, the content of the 40–60 mm fraction increases by 10%; the yield of volatiles is decreased by a factor of 1.6; and the strength remains unchanged. In the upper part of the coke cake, where the initial batch density is lower, the coke quality is significantly worse: the content of the 40–60 mm fraction falls by 33.3%; the yield of volatiles is increased by a factor of 1.6; and the coke strength M₂₅ falls by 2.9%. Topics for further research are suggested, with a view to improving the quality of the metallurgical coke produced in coke shop 3 at Alchevsk Metallurgical Complex.