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The Use of Biofuel in Pellet Production 生物燃料在颗粒生产中的应用
IF 0.4 Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700886
I. S. Bersenev, S. I. Pokolenko, A. D. Nikitin, N. A. Spirin

The objective of this paper is to learn the possibilities of using biofuel to ensure the heating of indurating machines and assess its impact on the volume of emissions. The main source of fuel was sunflower husk, which can be used in pellet production by the following means: the firing and utilization of fume laden gas as a heat carrier during drying of blend materials and the gasification and utilization of syngas as the fuel in order to heat the indurating machines while thermally treating the pellets. Mathematical simulation was adopted as the research methodology. The results reveal that using biofuel to heat indurating machines during the pelletizing process is technologically feasible. However, there are numerous constraints that are mainly related to environmental issues and logistics. In the course of firing, husk generates additional solid waste and sulfur oxide, although, from the perspective of ESG statistics, it leads to a reduction in the carbon footprint of the end products. Issues related to the handling and storage of biofuel are caused by its aggregate state (solid), low bulk weight, and relatively low calorific value. The abovementioned parameters make biofuel a less favorable source of fuel when compared with natural gas. The aspects of biofuel application shall be considered when planning “energy transition” activities, since they affect economic viability, along with the environment of industrial regions (and the quality of life of inhabitants as well).

本文的目的是学习使用生物燃料来确保保温机器加热的可能性,并评估其对排放量的影响。燃料的主要来源是葵花籽壳,葵花籽壳可以通过以下方式用于颗粒生产:在混合材料干燥过程中燃烧和利用含烟气体作为热载体,以及气化和利用合成气作为燃料,以便在对颗粒进行热处理的同时加热加热机。采用数学模拟作为研究方法。结果表明,在造粒过程中使用生物燃料加热硬化机在技术上是可行的。然而,有许多主要与环境问题和物流有关的限制。在烧制过程中,果壳会产生额外的固体废物和硫氧化物,尽管从ESG统计的角度来看,它会导致最终产品的碳足迹减少。与生物燃料的处理和储存有关的问题是由其聚合状态(固体)、低体积重量和相对较低的热值引起的。与天然气相比,上述参数使生物燃料成为不太有利的燃料来源。在规划“能源转型”活动时,应考虑生物燃料应用的各个方面,因为它们会影响经济可行性,以及工业区的环境(以及居民的生活质量)。
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引用次数: 0
Study on Combustion Characteristics and Kinetics of Coal and Semi-Coke Injected by Blast Furnace 高炉喷煤半焦燃烧特性及动力学研究
IF 0.4 Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700837
Huining Wei, Shijie Wang, Hongming Fang, Zichun Guo, Weijing Guo, Bihan Gu

The combustion behaviors of semi-coke, anthracite, bituminous coal and their blends were studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Compared with anthracite, the experiments showed that semi-coke had low ignition temperature, good comprehensive combustion characteristics and high burnout rate. In compound samples, with the increase of SC1 semi-coke content, the ignition temperature of BC bituminous coal, IC mixed sample and SC1 compound samples gradually decreased, and the comprehensive combustion characteristic index S increased, and the TG curves of the compound samples moved to the low temperature. In the BC and IC compound sample, the ignition temperature and comprehensive combustion characteristic index of compound samples also improved with the addition of SC2 semi-coke and SC3 semi-coke. Furthermore, By means of the universal integral method, the results indicated that the shrinkage cylinder model of phase boundary reaction was the most probable mechanism function of semi-coke, anthracite and bituminous coal combustion. The kinetic parameters of the samples are obtained that the activation energy of semi-coke was lower than that of anthracite. In summary, mixing semi-coke with pulverized coal into blast furnace was beneficial to fuel combustion.

用热重分析仪研究了半焦、无烟煤、烟煤及其混合物的燃烧行为。与无烟煤相比,半焦具有着火温度低、综合燃烧性能好、燃尽率高的特点。在复合样品中,随着SC1半焦含量的增加,BC烟煤、IC混合样品和SC1复合样品的着火温度逐渐降低,综合燃烧特征指数S升高,复合样品的热重曲线向低温方向移动。在BC和IC复合样品中,随着SC2半焦和SC3半焦的加入,复合样品的着火温度和综合燃烧特性指数也有所提高。采用通用积分法,分析了半焦、无烟煤和烟煤燃烧最可能的机理函数是相界反应的收缩筒模型。得到了样品的动力学参数,半焦的活化能低于无烟煤的活化能。综上所述,半焦与煤粉混合进入高炉有利于燃料的燃烧。
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引用次数: 0
Study on Desulfurization of Crude Benzene with Microcrystalline Adsorbent 微晶吸附剂对粗苯脱硫的研究
IF 0.4 Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700916
Zichun Guo, Shijie Wang, Hongming Fang, Huining Wei, Hui Li, Jiaqi Yan

An increasing number of coking enterprises are challenged by excessive sulfur content in their crude benzene products, which hinders sales and revenue. In this work, microcrystalline adsorbent was used to remove carbon disulfide and thiophene in crude benzene. BET, XRD, XRF and SEM characterization showed that the microcrystalline adsorbent has a large specific surface area, high crystallinity morphology, Si/Al ratio and regeneration stability. By investigating the effects of adsorption time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and regeneration times on the desulfurization performance of microcrystalline adsorbent W1, it was found that the desulfurization effect was mainly affected by time and temperature. When the experimental conditions at 20°C, 7 h, the amount of adsorbent was 4.5 g, the volume of crude benzene was 10 mL, resulting in desulfurization rate of 67% for thiophene, 52% for carbon disulfide, and 62% for total desulfurization, approximately 26% for crude benzene loss rate. The overall desulfurization rate remained stable around 55% after three regenerations, while the rate for rude benzene loss increased to roughly 30%. The results indicate that the microcrystalline adsorbent exhibits significant potential for desulfurization of crude benzene, providing valuable guidance and reference for coking enterprises.

越来越多的焦化企业面临粗苯产品含硫量超标的挑战,影响了企业的销售和收入。采用微晶吸附剂去除粗苯中的二硫化碳和噻吩。BET、XRD、XRF和SEM表征表明,该微晶吸附剂具有比表面积大、结晶度高、Si/Al比高、再生稳定性好等特点。通过考察吸附时间、温度、吸附剂用量和再生次数对微晶吸附剂W1脱硫性能的影响,发现脱硫效果主要受时间和温度的影响。当实验条件为20℃,7 h,吸附剂用量为4.5 g,粗苯体积为10 mL时,噻吩脱硫率为67%,二硫化碳脱硫率为52%,总脱硫率为62%,粗苯损失率约为26%。三次再生后,总脱硫率稳定在55%左右,粗苯损失率提高到30%左右。结果表明,该微晶吸附剂对粗苯具有显著的脱硫潜力,可为焦化企业提供有价值的指导和参考。
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引用次数: 0
Deposits in Coke Oven Gas Lines and Equipment at Coke Plants: A Review 焦化厂焦炉煤气管道和设备中的沉积物:综述
IF 0.4 Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700862
V. I. Ekgauz, K. V. Pokrishkin, N. V. Dementeva

The literature regarding deposits formed during the transportation and processing of coke oven gas in byproduct capture shops at coke plants is reviewed. The development of deposits is described, and methods of preventing their formation in gas lines and equipment are discussed.

对焦化厂副产物捕获车间焦炉煤气运输和处理过程中形成的沉积物进行了综述。介绍了矿床的发育,并讨论了在输气管道和设备中防止矿床形成的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of Pyrocarbon in the Laboratory Coking of Coal 煤实验室炼焦过程中焦碳的形成
IF 0.4 Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700898
N. A. Krasulin, T. G. Cherkasova, V. S. Solodov, V. A. Klimchuk, S. P. Subbotin

In coal coking, volatile products are liberated. As a result, deposits of pyrocarbon (graphite) are formed on the walls and roof of the coke ovens. Those deposits may obstruct the extraction of coke cake. By identifying the parameters with the greatest effect on the formation of pyrocarbon, its growth in the coke ovens may be more accurately monitored, and hence the coke plant’s stock of coke ovens may be better maintained. The influence of the following factors on the rate of pyrocarbon formation is investigated: the metamorphic development of the coal; its moisture content; and its granulometric composition.

在煤炼焦过程中,挥发性产物被释放出来。结果,焦碳(石墨)沉积在焦炉的壁和顶上。这些沉积物可能阻碍焦炭饼的提取。通过确定对焦碳形成影响最大的参数,可以更准确地监测焦碳在焦炉中的生长情况,从而可以更好地维持焦化厂的焦炉库存。研究了煤的变质发育程度对火炭生成速率的影响;水分含量;以及它的颗粒组成。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Ash and Slag on the Characteristics of Heat Insulation Based on Metallurgical Waste 灰渣对冶金废渣保温性能的影响
IF 0.4 Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700874
V. Z. Abdrakhimov

Lightweight brick based on waste from nonferrous metallurgy is produced using slag and ash from power plants, with no traditional raw materials. The nonferrous waste is the clay component of the gravitational tailings from zircon–ilmenite ore. Adding the optimal quantity (40%) of slag and ash (calorific value 2100 kcal/kg; carbon content 7.44%) yields M100 lightweight brick, whose low thermal conductivity means that it provides effective heat insulation. The added slag and ash facilitate the formation of mullite, which improves the mechanical strength, frost resistance, and other characteristic of the brick.

以有色冶金废料为基础的轻质砖是利用电厂的炉渣和灰渣生产的,不需要传统的原材料。有色金属废料是锆钛矿重力尾砂中的粘土组分,添加最佳量(40%)的矿渣和灰分(热值2100 kcal/kg;碳含量7.44%)产生M100轻质砖,其低导热系数意味着它提供了有效的隔热。添加的渣和灰有利于莫来石的形成,从而提高砖的机械强度、抗冻性和其他特性。
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引用次数: 1
Reactivity of Biomass, Coal, and Semicoke in Different Heating Conditions 生物质、煤和半焦在不同加热条件下的反应性
IF 0.4 Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700850
A. V. Zhuikov, S. G. Stepanov, D. A. Loginov

The reactivity and conditions of nonisothermal heating are investigated for biomass, coal, and semicoke (obtained by partial gasification of coal at 700–800°C) are investigated; specifically, the mean reactive index of the fuels is determined. In addition, their reactivity in convective heating by hot air is studied; the delay time in ignition is determined. Nonisothermal heating is accompanied by synchronous thermal analysis in an air flux (heating rate 20°C/min). In convective heating by an air flux (500–800°C, flow rate ~5 m/s), the experimental system includes a muffle furnace with a built in horizontal quartz tube; fuel ignition is recorded by means of a high-speed video camera. In both types of heating, biomass is the most reactive. In convective heating by hot air, the ignition delay is less for semicoke than for coal, on account of the greater surface area of the particles. In nonisothermal heating, the mean reactive index of the semicoke (1.6 min °C–1) is lower than for the biomass (7.0 min °C–1) and the coal (4.1 min °C–1). That indicates lower reactivity in the given heating conditions.

研究了生物质、煤和半焦(煤在700-800℃部分气化得到)的反应性和非等温加热条件;具体地说,确定了燃料的平均反应指数。此外,还研究了它们在热空气对流加热中的反应性;确定了点火延迟时间。非等温加热伴随着同步热分析在空气通量(加热速率20°C/min)。在空气对流加热中(500 ~ 800℃,流速~ 5m /s),实验系统包括一个内置水平石英管的马弗炉;燃油点火过程由高速摄像机记录下来。在这两种加热方式中,生物质的反应性最强。在热空气对流加热中,由于颗粒的表面积更大,半焦的点火延迟比煤小。在非等温加热中,半焦的平均反应指数(1.6 min°C-1)低于生物质(7.0 min°C-1)和煤(4.1 min°C-1)。这表明在给定的加热条件下反应性较低。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Air Contact on the Surface Wettability of Coal and Its Filtration and Flotation Properties 空气接触对煤表面润湿性及其过滤浮选性能的影响
IF 0.4 Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700849
Yu. F. Patrakov, S. A. Semenova, A. V. Yarkova, M. S. Klein

In a laboratory experiment, samples of SS coal prepared in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen) and by standard methods in air are compared. The surface changes of the coal particles are studied by IR spectral analysis and chemical analysis of functional oxygen groups. The wetting properties of the coal are assessed by complementary methods: determination of the limiting wetting angle for a liquid drop; liquid filtration through a layer of coal powder; and reagent flotation. Exposure of the coal surface to air during sample preparation perceptibly changes the function composition and hence the natural hydrophobic properties of the coal particles. The results may be used to refine estimates of the properties of undisturbed coal in beds and to improve methods of sample preparation and coal enrichment and processing.

在实验室实验中,比较了惰性气氛(氮气)中制备的SS煤样品和在空气中采用标准方法制备的样品。通过红外光谱分析和官能团化学分析,研究了煤颗粒的表面变化。煤的润湿特性是通过补充方法来评定的:测定液滴的极限润湿角;液体通过一层煤粉过滤;和试剂浮选。在样品制备过程中,煤表面暴露在空气中会明显改变煤颗粒的功能组成,从而改变其天然疏水性。这些结果可用于改进对煤层中未扰动煤的性质的估计,并改进样品制备和煤富集和加工的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Producing Bitumen from Coke Plant Tar 从焦化厂焦油中生产沥青
IF 0.4 Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700758
N. T. Smagulova, Zh. K. Kairbekov, A. A. Akhan

A method is proposed for producing viscous bitumen for road use with improved physicomechanical properties by modifying BNA 130/200 bitumen obtained by oxidizing tar from the coking of Shubarkol coal at 160°C using elemental sulfur, with an air supply of 1.5 L/min for 1.5 h. The resulting BNA 60/90 bitumen has a total tar content of 52.09 wt %, with 21.99 wt % hydrocarbons, 24.99 wt % asphaltenes, and 0.93?wt % carbene and carboid. In terms of its penetration index, the viscous BNA 60/90 bitumen belongs to group II on the basis of its rheological properties and deformational properties. That corresponds to sol–gel structure.

本文提出了一种生产道路用粘性沥青的方法,该方法是用单质硫在160℃、1.5 L/min的空气供气量1.5 h下氧化Shubarkol煤焦化焦油所得的BNA 130/200沥青进行改性,以改善其物理力学性能。所得BNA 60/90沥青的总焦油含量为52.09 wt %,其中碳氢化合物含量为21.99 wt %,沥青质含量为24.99 wt %,沥青质含量为0.93 wt %。Wt %碳和碳。从渗透指标来看,BNA 60/90黏性沥青的流变性能和变形性都属于II类。这对应于溶胶-凝胶结构。
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引用次数: 0
Adding Metal Nitrates to Intensify Lignite and Anthracite Combustion 添加金属硝酸盐加强褐煤和无烟煤燃烧
IF 0.4 Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700746
A. V. Gubin, A. Zh. Kaltaev, A. S. Gorshkov, A. A. Matveeva, K. B. Larionov

The influence of metal nitrates—KNO3, NaNO3, and Ca(NO3)2—as activating additives on the oxidation and combustion of lignite and anthracite is investigated. The additives (5 wt %) are introduced in the samples by impregnation, according to the moisture capacity. By thermal analysis and high-speed video recording of combustion, it is established that the additives significantly increase the reactivity of the fuel: the initial temperature of intense oxidation Ti falls (by 21–146°C) and the delay τi of ignition is shortened (by 0.7–4.7 s). Combustion of the modified samples is accompanied by periodic microexplosions. The increase in reactivity of the fuel is greatest for the anthracite. The additives significantly decrease the quantity of unburnt coal in the ash residue and the carbon monoxide emissions.

研究了金属硝酸盐(kno3、NaNO3和Ca(NO3)2)作为活化添加剂对褐煤和无烟煤氧化燃烧的影响。添加剂(5wt %)通过浸渍在样品中,根据水分容量。通过对燃烧过程的热分析和高速视频记录,发现添加剂显著提高了燃料的反应性,使Ti的初始氧化温度下降(21 ~ 146℃),点火延迟τi缩短(0.7 ~ 4.7 s),燃烧过程中伴有周期性微爆炸。无烟煤的反应性提高最大。添加剂显著降低了灰渣中未燃煤的含量和一氧化碳的排放量。
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引用次数: 0
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Coke and Chemistry
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