Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700886
I. S. Bersenev, S. I. Pokolenko, A. D. Nikitin, N. A. Spirin
The objective of this paper is to learn the possibilities of using biofuel to ensure the heating of indurating machines and assess its impact on the volume of emissions. The main source of fuel was sunflower husk, which can be used in pellet production by the following means: the firing and utilization of fume laden gas as a heat carrier during drying of blend materials and the gasification and utilization of syngas as the fuel in order to heat the indurating machines while thermally treating the pellets. Mathematical simulation was adopted as the research methodology. The results reveal that using biofuel to heat indurating machines during the pelletizing process is technologically feasible. However, there are numerous constraints that are mainly related to environmental issues and logistics. In the course of firing, husk generates additional solid waste and sulfur oxide, although, from the perspective of ESG statistics, it leads to a reduction in the carbon footprint of the end products. Issues related to the handling and storage of biofuel are caused by its aggregate state (solid), low bulk weight, and relatively low calorific value. The abovementioned parameters make biofuel a less favorable source of fuel when compared with natural gas. The aspects of biofuel application shall be considered when planning “energy transition” activities, since they affect economic viability, along with the environment of industrial regions (and the quality of life of inhabitants as well).
{"title":"The Use of Biofuel in Pellet Production","authors":"I. S. Bersenev, S. I. Pokolenko, A. D. Nikitin, N. A. Spirin","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X23700886","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X23700886","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this paper is to learn the possibilities of using biofuel to ensure the heating of indurating machines and assess its impact on the volume of emissions. The main source of fuel was sunflower husk, which can be used in pellet production by the following means: the firing and utilization of fume laden gas as a heat carrier during drying of blend materials and the gasification and utilization of syngas as the fuel in order to heat the indurating machines while thermally treating the pellets. Mathematical simulation was adopted as the research methodology. The results reveal that using biofuel to heat indurating machines during the pelletizing process is technologically feasible. However, there are numerous constraints that are mainly related to environmental issues and logistics. In the course of firing, husk generates additional solid waste and sulfur oxide, although, from the perspective of ESG statistics, it leads to a reduction in the carbon footprint of the end products. Issues related to the handling and storage of biofuel are caused by its aggregate state (solid), low bulk weight, and relatively low calorific value. The abovementioned parameters make biofuel a less favorable source of fuel when compared with natural gas. The aspects of biofuel application shall be considered when planning “energy transition” activities, since they affect economic viability, along with the environment of industrial regions (and the quality of life of inhabitants as well).</p>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6713745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The combustion behaviors of semi-coke, anthracite, bituminous coal and their blends were studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Compared with anthracite, the experiments showed that semi-coke had low ignition temperature, good comprehensive combustion characteristics and high burnout rate. In compound samples, with the increase of SC1 semi-coke content, the ignition temperature of BC bituminous coal, IC mixed sample and SC1 compound samples gradually decreased, and the comprehensive combustion characteristic index S increased, and the TG curves of the compound samples moved to the low temperature. In the BC and IC compound sample, the ignition temperature and comprehensive combustion characteristic index of compound samples also improved with the addition of SC2 semi-coke and SC3 semi-coke. Furthermore, By means of the universal integral method, the results indicated that the shrinkage cylinder model of phase boundary reaction was the most probable mechanism function of semi-coke, anthracite and bituminous coal combustion. The kinetic parameters of the samples are obtained that the activation energy of semi-coke was lower than that of anthracite. In summary, mixing semi-coke with pulverized coal into blast furnace was beneficial to fuel combustion.
{"title":"Study on Combustion Characteristics and Kinetics of Coal and Semi-Coke Injected by Blast Furnace","authors":"Huining Wei, Shijie Wang, Hongming Fang, Zichun Guo, Weijing Guo, Bihan Gu","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X23700837","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X23700837","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The combustion behaviors of semi-coke, anthracite, bituminous coal and their blends were studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Compared with anthracite, the experiments showed that semi-coke had low ignition temperature, good comprehensive combustion characteristics and high burnout rate. In compound samples, with the increase of SC1 semi-coke content, the ignition temperature of BC bituminous coal, IC mixed sample and SC1 compound samples gradually decreased, and the comprehensive combustion characteristic index S increased, and the TG curves of the compound samples moved to the low temperature. In the BC and IC compound sample, the ignition temperature and comprehensive combustion characteristic index of compound samples also improved with the addition of SC2 semi-coke and SC3 semi-coke. Furthermore, By means of the universal integral method, the results indicated that the shrinkage cylinder model of phase boundary reaction was the most probable mechanism function of semi-coke, anthracite and bituminous coal combustion. The kinetic parameters of the samples are obtained that the activation energy of semi-coke was lower than that of anthracite. In summary, mixing semi-coke with pulverized coal into blast furnace was beneficial to fuel combustion.</p>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6713692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An increasing number of coking enterprises are challenged by excessive sulfur content in their crude benzene products, which hinders sales and revenue. In this work, microcrystalline adsorbent was used to remove carbon disulfide and thiophene in crude benzene. BET, XRD, XRF and SEM characterization showed that the microcrystalline adsorbent has a large specific surface area, high crystallinity morphology, Si/Al ratio and regeneration stability. By investigating the effects of adsorption time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and regeneration times on the desulfurization performance of microcrystalline adsorbent W1, it was found that the desulfurization effect was mainly affected by time and temperature. When the experimental conditions at 20°C, 7 h, the amount of adsorbent was 4.5 g, the volume of crude benzene was 10 mL, resulting in desulfurization rate of 67% for thiophene, 52% for carbon disulfide, and 62% for total desulfurization, approximately 26% for crude benzene loss rate. The overall desulfurization rate remained stable around 55% after three regenerations, while the rate for rude benzene loss increased to roughly 30%. The results indicate that the microcrystalline adsorbent exhibits significant potential for desulfurization of crude benzene, providing valuable guidance and reference for coking enterprises.
{"title":"Study on Desulfurization of Crude Benzene with Microcrystalline Adsorbent","authors":"Zichun Guo, Shijie Wang, Hongming Fang, Huining Wei, Hui Li, Jiaqi Yan","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X23700916","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X23700916","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An increasing number of coking enterprises are challenged by excessive sulfur content in their crude benzene products, which hinders sales and revenue. In this work, microcrystalline adsorbent was used to remove carbon disulfide and thiophene in crude benzene. BET, XRD, XRF and SEM characterization showed that the microcrystalline adsorbent has a large specific surface area, high crystallinity morphology, Si/Al ratio and regeneration stability. By investigating the effects of adsorption time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and regeneration times on the desulfurization performance of microcrystalline adsorbent W1, it was found that the desulfurization effect was mainly affected by time and temperature. When the experimental conditions at 20°C, 7 h, the amount of adsorbent was 4.5 g, the volume of crude benzene was 10 mL, resulting in desulfurization rate of 67% for thiophene, 52% for carbon disulfide, and 62% for total desulfurization, approximately 26% for crude benzene loss rate. The overall desulfurization rate remained stable around 55% after three regenerations, while the rate for rude benzene loss increased to roughly 30%. The results indicate that the microcrystalline adsorbent exhibits significant potential for desulfurization of crude benzene, providing valuable guidance and reference for coking enterprises.</p>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6713691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700862
V. I. Ekgauz, K. V. Pokrishkin, N. V. Dementeva
The literature regarding deposits formed during the transportation and processing of coke oven gas in byproduct capture shops at coke plants is reviewed. The development of deposits is described, and methods of preventing their formation in gas lines and equipment are discussed.
{"title":"Deposits in Coke Oven Gas Lines and Equipment at Coke Plants: A Review","authors":"V. I. Ekgauz, K. V. Pokrishkin, N. V. Dementeva","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X23700862","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X23700862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The literature regarding deposits formed during the transportation and processing of coke oven gas in byproduct capture shops at coke plants is reviewed. The development of deposits is described, and methods of preventing their formation in gas lines and equipment are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6713743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700898
N. A. Krasulin, T. G. Cherkasova, V. S. Solodov, V. A. Klimchuk, S. P. Subbotin
In coal coking, volatile products are liberated. As a result, deposits of pyrocarbon (graphite) are formed on the walls and roof of the coke ovens. Those deposits may obstruct the extraction of coke cake. By identifying the parameters with the greatest effect on the formation of pyrocarbon, its growth in the coke ovens may be more accurately monitored, and hence the coke plant’s stock of coke ovens may be better maintained. The influence of the following factors on the rate of pyrocarbon formation is investigated: the metamorphic development of the coal; its moisture content; and its granulometric composition.
{"title":"Formation of Pyrocarbon in the Laboratory Coking of Coal","authors":"N. A. Krasulin, T. G. Cherkasova, V. S. Solodov, V. A. Klimchuk, S. P. Subbotin","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X23700898","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X23700898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In coal coking, volatile products are liberated. As a result, deposits of pyrocarbon (graphite) are formed on the walls and roof of the coke ovens. Those deposits may obstruct the extraction of coke cake. By identifying the parameters with the greatest effect on the formation of pyrocarbon, its growth in the coke ovens may be more accurately monitored, and hence the coke plant’s stock of coke ovens may be better maintained. The influence of the following factors on the rate of pyrocarbon formation is investigated: the metamorphic development of the coal; its moisture content; and its granulometric composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6713768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700874
V. Z. Abdrakhimov
Lightweight brick based on waste from nonferrous metallurgy is produced using slag and ash from power plants, with no traditional raw materials. The nonferrous waste is the clay component of the gravitational tailings from zircon–ilmenite ore. Adding the optimal quantity (40%) of slag and ash (calorific value 2100 kcal/kg; carbon content 7.44%) yields M100 lightweight brick, whose low thermal conductivity means that it provides effective heat insulation. The added slag and ash facilitate the formation of mullite, which improves the mechanical strength, frost resistance, and other characteristic of the brick.
{"title":"Influence of Ash and Slag on the Characteristics of Heat Insulation Based on Metallurgical Waste","authors":"V. Z. Abdrakhimov","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X23700874","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X23700874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lightweight brick based on waste from nonferrous metallurgy is produced using slag and ash from power plants, with no traditional raw materials. The nonferrous waste is the clay component of the gravitational tailings from zircon–ilmenite ore. Adding the optimal quantity (40%) of slag and ash (calorific value 2100 kcal/kg; carbon content 7.44%) yields M100 lightweight brick, whose low thermal conductivity means that it provides effective heat insulation. The added slag and ash facilitate the formation of mullite, which improves the mechanical strength, frost resistance, and other characteristic of the brick.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6713744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700850
A. V. Zhuikov, S. G. Stepanov, D. A. Loginov
The reactivity and conditions of nonisothermal heating are investigated for biomass, coal, and semicoke (obtained by partial gasification of coal at 700–800°C) are investigated; specifically, the mean reactive index of the fuels is determined. In addition, their reactivity in convective heating by hot air is studied; the delay time in ignition is determined. Nonisothermal heating is accompanied by synchronous thermal analysis in an air flux (heating rate 20°C/min). In convective heating by an air flux (500–800°C, flow rate ~5 m/s), the experimental system includes a muffle furnace with a built in horizontal quartz tube; fuel ignition is recorded by means of a high-speed video camera. In both types of heating, biomass is the most reactive. In convective heating by hot air, the ignition delay is less for semicoke than for coal, on account of the greater surface area of the particles. In nonisothermal heating, the mean reactive index of the semicoke (1.6 min °C–1) is lower than for the biomass (7.0 min °C–1) and the coal (4.1 min °C–1). That indicates lower reactivity in the given heating conditions.
{"title":"Reactivity of Biomass, Coal, and Semicoke in Different Heating Conditions","authors":"A. V. Zhuikov, S. G. Stepanov, D. A. Loginov","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X23700850","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X23700850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reactivity and conditions of nonisothermal heating are investigated for biomass, coal, and semicoke (obtained by partial gasification of coal at 700–800°C) are investigated; specifically, the mean reactive index of the fuels is determined. In addition, their reactivity in convective heating by hot air is studied; the delay time in ignition is determined. Nonisothermal heating is accompanied by synchronous thermal analysis in an air flux (heating rate 20°C/min). In convective heating by an air flux (500–800°C, flow rate ~5 m/s), the experimental system includes a muffle furnace with a built in horizontal quartz tube; fuel ignition is recorded by means of a high-speed video camera. In both types of heating, biomass is the most reactive. In convective heating by hot air, the ignition delay is less for semicoke than for coal, on account of the greater surface area of the particles. In nonisothermal heating, the mean reactive index of the semicoke (1.6 min °C<sup>–1</sup>) is lower than for the biomass (7.0 min °C<sup>–1</sup>) and the coal (4.1 min °C<sup>–1</sup>). That indicates lower reactivity in the given heating conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6713796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700849
Yu. F. Patrakov, S. A. Semenova, A. V. Yarkova, M. S. Klein
In a laboratory experiment, samples of SS coal prepared in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen) and by standard methods in air are compared. The surface changes of the coal particles are studied by IR spectral analysis and chemical analysis of functional oxygen groups. The wetting properties of the coal are assessed by complementary methods: determination of the limiting wetting angle for a liquid drop; liquid filtration through a layer of coal powder; and reagent flotation. Exposure of the coal surface to air during sample preparation perceptibly changes the function composition and hence the natural hydrophobic properties of the coal particles. The results may be used to refine estimates of the properties of undisturbed coal in beds and to improve methods of sample preparation and coal enrichment and processing.
{"title":"Influence of Air Contact on the Surface Wettability of Coal and Its Filtration and Flotation Properties","authors":"Yu. F. Patrakov, S. A. Semenova, A. V. Yarkova, M. S. Klein","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X23700849","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X23700849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a laboratory experiment, samples of SS coal prepared in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen) and by standard methods in air are compared. The surface changes of the coal particles are studied by IR spectral analysis and chemical analysis of functional oxygen groups. The wetting properties of the coal are assessed by complementary methods: determination of the limiting wetting angle for a liquid drop; liquid filtration through a layer of coal powder; and reagent flotation. Exposure of the coal surface to air during sample preparation perceptibly changes the function composition and hence the natural hydrophobic properties of the coal particles. The results may be used to refine estimates of the properties of undisturbed coal in beds and to improve methods of sample preparation and coal enrichment and processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6713693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700758
N. T. Smagulova, Zh. K. Kairbekov, A. A. Akhan
A method is proposed for producing viscous bitumen for road use with improved physicomechanical properties by modifying BNA 130/200 bitumen obtained by oxidizing tar from the coking of Shubarkol coal at 160°C using elemental sulfur, with an air supply of 1.5 L/min for 1.5 h. The resulting BNA 60/90 bitumen has a total tar content of 52.09 wt %, with 21.99 wt % hydrocarbons, 24.99 wt % asphaltenes, and 0.93?wt % carbene and carboid. In terms of its penetration index, the viscous BNA 60/90 bitumen belongs to group II on the basis of its rheological properties and deformational properties. That corresponds to sol–gel structure.
{"title":"Producing Bitumen from Coke Plant Tar","authors":"N. T. Smagulova, Zh. K. Kairbekov, A. A. Akhan","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X23700758","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X23700758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A method is proposed for producing viscous bitumen for road use with improved physicomechanical properties by modifying BNA 130/200 bitumen obtained by oxidizing tar from the coking of Shubarkol coal at 160°C using elemental sulfur, with an air supply of 1.5 L/min for 1.5 h. The resulting BNA 60/90 bitumen has a total tar content of 52.09 wt %, with 21.99 wt % hydrocarbons, 24.99 wt % asphaltenes, and 0.93?wt % carbene and carboid. In terms of its penetration index, the viscous BNA 60/90 bitumen belongs to group II on the basis of its rheological properties and deformational properties. That corresponds to sol–gel structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5032063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X23700746
A. V. Gubin, A. Zh. Kaltaev, A. S. Gorshkov, A. A. Matveeva, K. B. Larionov
The influence of metal nitrates—KNO3, NaNO3, and Ca(NO3)2—as activating additives on the oxidation and combustion of lignite and anthracite is investigated. The additives (5 wt %) are introduced in the samples by impregnation, according to the moisture capacity. By thermal analysis and high-speed video recording of combustion, it is established that the additives significantly increase the reactivity of the fuel: the initial temperature of intense oxidation Ti falls (by 21–146°C) and the delay τi of ignition is shortened (by 0.7–4.7 s). Combustion of the modified samples is accompanied by periodic microexplosions. The increase in reactivity of the fuel is greatest for the anthracite. The additives significantly decrease the quantity of unburnt coal in the ash residue and the carbon monoxide emissions.
{"title":"Adding Metal Nitrates to Intensify Lignite and Anthracite Combustion","authors":"A. V. Gubin, A. Zh. Kaltaev, A. S. Gorshkov, A. A. Matveeva, K. B. Larionov","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X23700746","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X23700746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of metal nitrates—KNO<sub>3</sub>, NaNO<sub>3</sub>, and Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>—as activating additives on the oxidation and combustion of lignite and anthracite is investigated. The additives (5 wt %) are introduced in the samples by impregnation, according to the moisture capacity. By thermal analysis and high-speed video recording of combustion, it is established that the additives significantly increase the reactivity of the fuel: the initial temperature of intense oxidation <i>T</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> falls (by 21–146°C) and the delay τ<sub><i>i</i></sub> of ignition is shortened (by 0.7–4.7 s). Combustion of the modified samples is accompanied by periodic microexplosions. The increase in reactivity of the fuel is greatest for the anthracite. The additives significantly decrease the quantity of unburnt coal in the ash residue and the carbon monoxide emissions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5032080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}