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Mitochondrial connection to Alzheimer’s disease and heart failure 线粒体与阿尔茨海默病和心力衰竭有关
IF 2.5 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100830
Anupriya Sinha , Natasha Jaiswal , Pooja Jadiya , Dhanendra Tomar
The brain and heart are intricately linked, with dysfunction in one organ often affecting the other. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly heart failure, impair cerebral blood flow, contributing to cognitive decline and increasing dementia risk. Conversely, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), marked by amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles, impacts cardiac function. A shared mechanism between AD and CVDs is mitochondrial dysfunction, which disrupts energy production and oxidative balance, worsening both neurodegeneration and heart health. This interdependence underscores the potential for mitochondria-targeted therapies to address both conditions. With an aging population facing rising incidences of AD and CVDs, understanding these interconnected pathways and the central role of mitochondria could inform new therapeutic strategies and improve outcomes in both neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
大脑和心脏有着错综复杂的联系,一个器官的功能障碍往往会影响到另一个器官。心血管疾病(cvd),特别是心力衰竭,损害脑血流,导致认知能力下降,增加痴呆风险。相反,以淀粉样斑块和tau蛋白缠结为标志的阿尔茨海默病(AD)会影响心脏功能。AD和cvd的共同机制是线粒体功能障碍,线粒体功能障碍破坏能量产生和氧化平衡,使神经变性和心脏健康恶化。这种相互依赖性强调了线粒体靶向治疗解决这两种疾病的潜力。随着老龄化人口面临AD和cvd发病率的上升,了解这些相互关联的途径和线粒体的核心作用可以为神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病提供新的治疗策略和改善结果。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in skeletal and cardiac muscles 微rna和长链非编码rna对骨骼肌和心肌的影响
IF 2.5 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100829
Gabriela P Diniz, Joanne Chan, John D Mably, Da-Zhi Wang
Recent advances in technology have accelerated our ability to define the functions of noncoding RNA (ncRNA). Beyond their known roles in regulating molecular and cellular processes, new mechanisms and interacting partners for ncRNAs have been revealed. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in skeletal and cardiac muscles. In addition to sharing a sarcomeric organization and contractile function, both tissues also utilize similar mechanisms and genetic networks during myogenic differentiation, tissue repair, and regeneration and in disease progression. Thus, knowledge gained about the roles of these ncRNAs in cardiac and skeletal muscles may reveal shared mechanisms and functions relevant to both muscle types as well as to understanding their rules in other tissues. Ultimately, this information could be exploited to develop new diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapies for diseases affecting cardiac and skeletal muscle.
最近技术的进步加快了我们定义非编码RNA (ncRNA)功能的能力。除了它们在调节分子和细胞过程中的已知作用外,ncrna的新机制和相互作用伙伴已被揭示。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了最近在骨骼肌和心肌中发现的长链非编码rna (lncRNAs)和microRNAs (miRNAs)。除了共享肌肉组织和收缩功能外,两种组织在肌源性分化、组织修复、再生和疾病进展过程中也利用相似的机制和遗传网络。因此,对这些ncrna在心脏和骨骼肌中的作用的了解可能揭示与这两种肌肉类型相关的共同机制和功能,以及了解它们在其他组织中的规则。最终,这些信息可以用于开发新的诊断生物标志物和治疗影响心脏和骨骼肌疾病的新疗法。
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引用次数: 0
Current advances in protein phosphatases in kidney disease 蛋白质磷酸酶在肾脏疾病中的研究进展
IF 2.5 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100828
Marina Rousseau, Pedro Geraldes
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a large portion of the global population and is characterized by alterations in kidney function. Unfortunately, patients who progress to end-stage kidney disease have little chance of kidney function reversal and will ultimately need dialysis or a kidney transplant. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of CKD progression is critical for developing new therapies. Protein phosphatases are essential regulators of signal transduction in the normal function of cells. The deregulation of different protein phosphatases has been associated with kidney disease onset and progression. This review aims to highlight the recent advances in the role of protein phosphatases in kidney health and disease. Mainly, attention will be brought to three of the four main families of protein phosphatases (serine/threonine, protein tyrosine, and dual-specificity phosphatases). Since kidney disease encompasses a wide range of pathologies, this review will focus on glomerulopathies, diabetic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and advanced CKD/fibrosis.
慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)影响全球人口的很大一部分,其特征是肾功能改变。不幸的是,进展到终末期肾病的患者几乎没有机会逆转肾功能,最终将需要透析或肾移植。因此,了解CKD进展的潜在机制对于开发新疗法至关重要。蛋白磷酸酶是细胞正常功能中信号转导的重要调节因子。不同蛋白磷酸酶的失调与肾脏疾病的发生和发展有关。本文综述了蛋白磷酸酶在肾脏健康和疾病中的作用的最新进展。主要关注蛋白磷酸酶的四个主要家族中的三个(丝氨酸/苏氨酸,蛋白酪氨酸和双特异性磷酸酶)。由于肾脏疾病包括广泛的病理,本综述将重点关注肾小球病变、糖尿病肾病、急性肾损伤和晚期CKD/纤维化。
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引用次数: 0
Emerging role of exosomal-microRNA in obesity 外泌体微rna在肥胖中的新作用
IF 2.5 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100827
Achala Theres P Moncy , Samarjit Das , Hannah R Vasanthi
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by every living cell in the human body and can be found in the circulation of almost every biological fluids. They majorly serve as a communication channel between cells. Exosomal-microRNAs (miRNAs) are gaining wide attention in several pathophysiological conditions, and are considered as early diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Recently, exosomal-miRNAs have been identified as key players during obesity and co-existing risk elements, unraveling their pivotal role in the progression of obesity-induced pathophysiological conditions. In this review, the latest developments in the role of exosomal cargo, specifically miRNAs, in obesity are highlighted. Additionally, we discuss their potential significance as early biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for diagnosing and managing obesity and related diseases.
外泌体是由人体每一个活细胞释放的小细胞外囊泡,几乎在每一种生物液体的循环中都能找到。它们主要作为细胞间的通讯通道。外泌体微rna (miRNAs)在多种病理生理条件下受到广泛关注,被认为是早期诊断和治疗的靶点。最近,外泌体mirna已被确定为肥胖和共存风险因素的关键参与者,揭示了它们在肥胖诱导的病理生理状况进展中的关键作用。在这篇综述中,重点介绍了外泌体货物,特别是mirna在肥胖中的作用的最新进展。此外,我们还讨论了它们作为诊断和管理肥胖及相关疾病的早期生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点的潜在意义。
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引用次数: 0
Role of extracellular vesicle–mediated neurodegeneration in substance use disorders 细胞外囊泡介导的神经变性在物质使用障碍中的作用
IF 2.5 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100826
Mohit Kumar, Arnab Saha, Agasou Alfonso Rameau, Susmita Sil, Shilpa Buch
Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain a complicated and widespread public health problem, characterized by obsessive drug and alcohol use, despite adverse consequences. Emerging research suggests that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in mediating drug addiction and several neurodegenerative processes associated with SUDs. EVs, which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are lipid-bilayered vesicles that facilitate intracellular communication throughout the host by shuttling bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA fragments, and RNA, including both coding and noncoding RNAs across recipient cells. The current review is a comprehensive analysis highlighting the potential role of EVs in the onset and progression of SUD, specifically in the context of cocaine, cannabis, methamphetamine, opiates, alcohol, and tobacco. The goal is to offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanism(s) involving EVs in the pathogenesis of SUD, ultimately paving the way for new therapeutic avenues.
物质使用障碍(SUDs)仍然是一个复杂和广泛的公共卫生问题,其特点是强迫性使用药物和酒精,尽管有不良后果。新兴研究表明,细胞外囊泡(EVs)在介导药物成瘾和与sud相关的几种神经退行性过程中起关键作用。EVs包括外泌体、微泡和凋亡小体,是脂质双层囊泡,通过穿梭生物活性分子(如蛋白质、脂质、DNA片段和RNA,包括编码和非编码RNA)在宿主细胞内促进细胞内通讯。当前的综述是一项全面的分析,强调了ev在SUD发生和发展中的潜在作用,特别是在可卡因、大麻、甲基苯丙胺、阿片类药物、酒精和烟草的背景下。目的是为涉及ev的SUD发病机制的潜在机制提供有价值的见解,最终为新的治疗途径铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Noncoding RNAs in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and repair 非编码rna在心肌缺血/再灌注损伤及修复中的作用
IF 2.5 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100825
Mingliang Pan , Zhixin Li , Xiaohong Wang , Liying Zhan , Guo-Chang Fan
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) usually triggers a series of molecular and cellular changes, which yield excessive oxidative stress and massive cardiomyocyte death, leading to sterile inflammation, cardiac fibrosis, and, eventually, heart failure. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), involve almost every aspect of adverse cardiac remodeling induced by I/R. They have emerged as key regulators in the process of cardiac cell death (i.e. apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis), fibrosis, angiogenesis, and immune responses during myocardial I/R. Herein, this review summarizes recent advancements on ncRNA-mediated regulation of cardiac cell death, cardiac angiogenesis, fibrosis, and macrophage function as well as intercellular communication following myocardial I/R. Finally, the therapeutic potential of ncRNAs for treating myocardial I/R injury and future research directions are also discussed.
心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)通常会引发一系列分子和细胞变化,产生过度氧化应激和大量心肌细胞死亡,导致无菌炎症、心脏纤维化,最终导致心力衰竭。在过去的二十年中,大量研究表明,非编码rna (ncRNAs),包括microRNAs (miRNAs)、长链非编码rna (lncRNAs)和环状rna (circRNAs),几乎涉及I/R诱导的不良心脏重构的各个方面。在心肌I/R过程中,它们在心肌细胞死亡(即凋亡、坏死坏死、铁下垂、焦下垂和PANoptosis)、纤维化、血管生成和免疫反应过程中发挥关键调节作用。本文综述了心肌I/R后ncrna介导的心肌细胞死亡、血管生成、纤维化、巨噬细胞功能以及细胞间通讯调控的最新进展。最后,讨论了ncrna在心肌I/R损伤中的治疗潜力及未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Dual-specificity phosphatases: an update on their activity regulation and roles in metabolic diseases 双特异性磷酸酶:其活性调控及其在代谢性疾病中的作用的最新进展
IF 2.5 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100816
Caroline De Roo, Erin McLean, Ruijie Liu
Reversible protein phosphorylation is catalyzed by both protein kinases and phosphatases, affecting cellular signal transduction in physiological and pathological processes. In contrast to protein kinases, the substrates and in vivo function of approximately 200 phosphatases are less characterized. The big family of protein phosphatases consists of serine/threonine phosphatases, tyrosine phosphatases, and dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), which dephosphorylate both serine/threonine, and tyrosine residues within the target proteins. Over the last two decades, progress in the study of DUSPs allows for not only a better understanding of their activation and signaling termination but also the effect of their abnormal expression in the development of various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The focus of this minireview is to discuss current understanding of transcriptional and post-translational regulation of DUSPs, as well as their emerging roles in energy metabolism.
可逆蛋白磷酸化是由蛋白激酶和磷酸酶共同催化的,在生理和病理过程中影响细胞信号转导。与蛋白激酶相比,大约200种磷酸酶的底物和体内功能的特征较少。蛋白磷酸酶大家庭由丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶、酪氨酸磷酸酶和双特异性磷酸酶(DUSPs)组成,DUSPs可以使目标蛋白内的丝氨酸/苏氨酸和酪氨酸残基去磷酸化。在过去的二十年中,dusp研究的进展不仅使我们能够更好地了解它们的激活和信号终止,而且还使我们能够更好地了解它们的异常表达在各种疾病的发展中的作用,如糖尿病、癌症、神经退行性疾病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病。这篇综述的重点是讨论目前对dusp转录和翻译后调控的理解,以及它们在能量代谢中的新作用。
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引用次数: 0
Revolutionizing therapeutics: unleashing the power of extracellular vesicles for disease intervention 革命性的治疗方法:释放细胞外囊泡对疾病干预的力量
IF 2.5 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100815
Sayam Ghosal , Bernadett R Bodnár , Brachyahu M Kestecher , Ákos Nagy , Tamás László , Bora Yilmaz , Yixuan Zeng , Adrienn Szabó , Csaba Bödör , Edit I Buzás , Xabier Osteikoetxea
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a significant tool in therapeutic applications, exhibiting low immunogenicity and the ability to traverse biological barriers. EV-based treatments show great potential in various diseases, including oncology, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular conditions. In cancer research, EVs play a role in tumor growth, spread, and resistance to chemotherapy, with modified EVs showing promise in improving drug delivery to challenging cancers such as glioblastoma. For neurodegeneration, EVs aid in protecting neurons and restoring motor function. Likewise, in cardiovascular diseases, EVs participate in tissue repair and heart protection. The effectiveness of EV-based vaccines, exemplified by a clinically approved meningococcal serogroup B MenB-4C vaccine, further underscores the therapeutic value of this approach. This review examines the progress in EV-based therapeutics and their future potential.
细胞外囊泡(EVs)已成为治疗应用的重要工具,具有低免疫原性和穿越生物屏障的能力。基于ev的治疗在多种疾病中显示出巨大的潜力,包括肿瘤、神经变性和心血管疾病。在癌症研究中,ev在肿瘤生长、扩散和化疗耐药性中发挥作用,改良ev在改善胶质母细胞瘤等挑战性癌症的药物输送方面显示出希望。对于神经退行性疾病,ev有助于保护神经元和恢复运动功能。同样,在心血管疾病中,EVs参与组织修复和心脏保护。临床批准的脑膜炎球菌血清B组MenB-4C疫苗证明了基于ev的疫苗的有效性,进一步强调了这种方法的治疗价值。本文综述了基于ev的治疗方法的进展及其未来潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Sex-specific effects of environmental pollutants on pulmonary immune responses 环境污染物对肺部免疫反应的性别特异性影响
IF 2.5 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100813
Sylvia S Sanchez, Fenna CM Sillé
Environmental pollutants can adversely impact various physiological processes, affecting systems such as the respiratory and immune systems. Immune responses are influenced by various factors, including age, hormonal status, genetic background, and, notably, sex, with effects extending to both innate and adaptive immunity. External factors, like environmental pollutants, can also disrupt innate and/or adaptive immunity and compromise pathogen recognition and memory against future infections. Furthermore, environmental pollutants can play a pivotal role in the development and exacerbation of many chronic respiratory diseases. It is becoming increasingly evident that environmental pollutants elicit sex-specific effects across different species. This review highlights recent findings on the intricate interplay between sex differences and immune-related effects induced by environmental pollutants, with a particular focus on the dysregulation of pulmonary immune responses.
环境污染物会对各种生理过程产生不利影响,影响呼吸系统和免疫系统等系统。免疫反应受到各种因素的影响,包括年龄、荷尔蒙状况、遗传背景,尤其是性别,其影响延伸到先天免疫和适应性免疫。外部因素,如环境污染物,也会破坏先天和/或适应性免疫,损害病原体识别和记忆,防止未来感染。此外,环境污染物在许多慢性呼吸系统疾病的发生和恶化中起着关键作用。越来越明显的是,环境污染物在不同物种之间引起性别特异性的影响。这篇综述强调了最近关于环境污染物诱导的性别差异和免疫相关效应之间复杂相互作用的发现,特别关注肺免疫反应的失调。
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引用次数: 0
Circadian rhythms in renal metabolism 肾代谢的昼夜节律
IF 2.5 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100814
Yohan Bignon, Dmitri Firsov
The kidney has one of the highest resting metabolic rates among human tissues. Most of the produced ATP is used for solutes and water reabsorption along the renal tubule. However, circadian rhythmicity in the glomerular filtration rate results in substantial circadian variations in the amounts of solutes and water to be reabsorbed at a given circadian time. Moreover, circadian rhythmicity in the renal blood flow causes circadian oscillations in available oxygen and metabolic substrates in kidney tissue. Collectively, this suggests that processes involved in energy consumption and energy production in the kidney follow circadian rhythms that parallel those in tubular reabsorption. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the identification of rhythmic renal metabolic pathways that are entrained by the intrinsic tubular circadian clock.
肾脏是人体组织中最高的静息代谢率之一。大部分产生的ATP用于沿肾小管的溶质和水的重吸收。然而,肾小球滤过率的昼夜节律性导致在给定的昼夜时间内溶质和水的重吸收量发生实质性的昼夜变化。此外,肾血流的昼夜节律性导致肾组织中可用氧和代谢底物的昼夜节律振荡。总的来说,这表明肾脏中涉及能量消耗和能量产生的过程遵循与肾小管重吸收相似的昼夜节律。在这篇综述中,我们总结了最近在识别由内在管状生物钟所引导的有节奏的肾脏代谢途径方面的进展。
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引用次数: 0
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Current Opinion in Physiology
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