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Δείξατέ μοι δηνάριον (Łk 20,24) – monety używane w Palestynie na kartach Ewangelii
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.31743/biban.13295
Piotr Blajer
Numizmatyka jest jedną z dyscyplin pomocniczych archeologii i historii. Analizuje monety z punkty widzenia historycznego, artystycznego i ekonomicznego. Tym samym pozwala lepiej zrozumieć przeszłość. Tak pojęta numizmatyka okazuje się równie bardzo pomocna zarówno biblistom jak i każdemu kto sięga po Pismo Święte. Na kartach ewangelii wielokrotnie pojawiają się nazwy różnych monet używanych w czasach Jezusa, które dla dzisiejszego odbiorcy są co najmniej dziwne. Niektóre współczesne przekłady Pisma Świętego odstępują od dosłownego tłumaczenia i zastępują niezrozumiałe nazwy starożytnych systemów monetarnych zwrotami bardziej przystępnymi. W polskiej literaturze historycznej, archeologicznej i biblijnej trudno natknąć się na systematyczne i uporządkowane omówienie różnych typów monet jakie pojawiają się na kartach ewangelii. Niniejszy artykuł stawia sobie za cel uzupełnienie tej luki i przeanalizowanie gamy terminów jakie ewangeliści używają, by opisać monety znajdujące się wówczas w obiegu w Palestynie. To zestawienie pozwala lepiej zrozumieć powody użycia przez nich poszczególnych terminów. Tym samym pozwala na nowo spojrzeć na znacznie greckiego terminu νόμισμα (moneta), który w całym Nowym Testamencie pojawia się tylko raz (Mt 24,19).
钱币学是考古学和历史学的辅助学科之一。它从历史、艺术和经济的角度对钱币进行分析。这使我们能够更好地了解过去。钱币学以这种方式被证明对圣经作者和任何接触圣经的人都有同样的帮助。在福音书的页面上,耶稣时代使用的各种硬币的名字多次出现,这对今天的接受者来说至少很奇怪。《圣经》的一些现代翻译偏离了字面翻译,用更容易理解的短语取代了古代货币体系的难以理解的名称。在波兰历史、考古和圣经文献中,很难对福音书页面上出现的不同类型的硬币进行系统有序的讨论。本文旨在填补这一空白,并分析当时福音派用来描述巴勒斯坦流通硬币的术语范围。此摘要使您能够更好地了解他们使用个别术语的原因。因此,它使我们能够再次审视希腊语中的钱币(numisma)一词,该词在《新约》(Mt 24.19)中只出现过一次。
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引用次数: 0
„Wysmaruję wam twarze gnojówką” (Ml 2,3b). Mowa Boga do kapłanów (Ml 2,1–9) jako manifest reformy Nehemiasza. Kryzys kapłaństwa i degradacja lewitów w pierwszej połowie V wieku przed Chr. “我要在你脸上涂上粪肥”(Ml,3b)。上帝对牧师的讲话(Ml 2,1-9),作为尼希米改革的宣言。公元前5世纪上半叶的祭司危机和利未人的堕落。
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.31743/biban.14741
A. Zawadzki
Druga dysputa w Księdze Malachiasza (Ml 1,6-2,9), skierowana przeciwko kapłanom — wraz z pozostałymi dysputami — dopełnia obrazu zagrożeń, przed jakimi stanęło społeczeństwo judzkie w poszukiwaniu tożsamości religijno-narodowej w pierwszej połowie V wieku przed Chr. Artykuł stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, kim byli zdegradowani przez Boga kapłani oraz czym było przymierze z Lewim (Ml 2,1-9), które miało pozostać aktualne. Artykuł stara się uprawdopodobnić tezę, że Ml 2,1-9 jest manifestem religijnej reformy, która doprowadziła do degradacji lewitów w czasach Nehemiasza. Z jednej strony podważa się więc teorię Juliusa Wellhausena, według której degradacja lewitów była pokłosiem reformy Jozjasza, z drugiej zaś interpretuje dwa inne teksty podejmujące ten sam temat (2 Krl 23,9-10; Ez 44,10-16) jako próbę archaizującej projekcji degradacji lewitów na czasy monarchii. Analiza egzegetyczna rzuca nowy snop światła na Ml 2,1-9, na jej tłumaczenie i zrozumienie
《玛拉基书》(Ml 1,6-2,9)中针对牧师的第二场辩论,以及其他辩论,完成了公元前5世纪上半叶犹太社会在寻求宗教和民族认同方面面临的威胁。这篇文章试图回答这样一个问题:谁被上帝的牧师降级了,与利未的盟约是什么(Ml 2,1-9),它仍然有效。本文试图证实Ml 2,1-9是宗教改革的宣言,导致了尼希米时代利未人的堕落。一方面,朱利叶斯·韦尔豪森的理论受到了质疑,根据该理论,利未人的堕落是约瑟夫改革的成果,另一方面,他解释了另外两篇关于同一主题的文本(见《圣经》第2卷第23、9、10节;以斯书第44、10、16节),试图对君主制时期利未人堕落的预测进行仿古。外来语分析为Ml 2.1-9的翻译和理解提供了新的线索
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引用次数: 0
The Woman’s Womb as a Place of God’s Action and Creation 女人的子宫是上帝行动和创造的地方
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.31743/biban.13572
M. Chrostowski
In the Hebrew Bible, the woman’s womb is rendered by three main nouns: רֶחֶם  (most often translated as “womb”), בֶּטֶן (“belly”) and מֵעֶה (plural only: מֵעִים, “bowels”). Although these terms take on various shades of meaning, they very often refer to the female womb. In this context, they always appear in relation to God, who is particularly active in this field. This article aims to show the ways of God’s creative activity in the female womb, which also takes various metaphorical shades.
在希伯来圣经中,女人的子宫是由三个主要名词来表示的:(通常翻译为“子宫”),(通常翻译为“子宫”),(通常翻译为“肚子”)和(仅复数形式:)。尽管这些术语有不同的含义,但它们通常指的是女性的子宫。在这种情况下,他们总是出现在与上帝的关系中,上帝在这方面特别活跃。这篇文章旨在展示上帝在女性子宫中创造活动的方式,这也有不同的隐喻色彩。
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引用次数: 1
Hector M. Patmore – Josef Lössl (eds.), Demons in Early Judaism and Christianity . Characters and Characteristics (Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity 113; Leiden – Boston, MA: Brill 2022) Hector M.Patmore–Josef Lössl(编辑),《早期犹太教和基督教中的魔鬼》。人物和特征(古代犹太教和早期基督教113;莱顿-波士顿,马萨诸塞州:Brill 2022)
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.31743/biban.14844
Krzysztof Kinowski
Recenzja książki:Hector M. Patmore – Josef Lössl (eds.), Demons in Early Judaism and Christianity . Characters and Characteristics (Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity 113; Leiden – Boston, MA: Brill 2022). Pp. 339.  € 146.28. ISBN 978-90-04-51714-1
Recenzja ksińki:Hector M.Patmore–Josef Lössl(编辑),《早期犹太教和基督教中的魔鬼》。人物和特征(古代犹太教和早期基督教113;莱顿-波士顿,马萨诸塞州:Brill 2022)。第339页,146.28欧元。ISBN 978-90-04-51714-1
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引用次数: 0
Biblia Ekumeniczna w języku polskim na tle wybranych ekumenicznych projektów przekładowych Pisma Świętego
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.31743/biban.13687
K. Wojtyra
Autor ukazuje specyfikę ekumenicznego przekładu Biblii na język polski na tle najważniejszych ekumenicznych projektów przekładowych na inne języki. Bazę źródłową dla badań stanowiły głównie wstępy do Biblii ekumenicznych w językach obcych oraz nigdy niepublikowane archiwalia pochodzące z Towarzystwa Biblijnego w Polsce.
作者以最重要的普世翻译项目为背景,展示了《圣经》波兰语普世翻译的特殊性。这项研究的来源主要是外国语言的普世圣经介绍和波兰圣经协会未出版的档案。
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引用次数: 0
The Human Being in Eschatology according to 1 Thess 5:23 根据帖前书5:23的末世论中的人
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.31743/biban.13473
Andrés García Serrano
In his earliest letter, 1 Thessalonians, Paul addresses the issue of eschatology, leaving us a surprising anthropological description of the human being as “spirit, soul, and body.” Paul uses terms that are familiar to his readers. However, the first term in this threefold division of a human being, “spirit,” is the most emphasised, since the human being is no longer made up exclusively of “body and soul.” In this brief contribution, I will attempt to examine this term, “spirit,” as illuminated by its immediate narrative context and by other Pauline pneumatological texts and by its first reception. In this way, the reader will better understand the Pauline vision of the human being in the eschatology, in his ultimate destiny.
在他最早的信《帖撒罗尼迦前书》中,保罗谈到了末世论的问题,给我们留下了一个令人惊讶的人类学描述,将人类描述为“灵,魂,和身体”。保罗使用了读者熟悉的术语。然而,在人的这种三重划分中,第一个术语“精神”是最强调的,因为人不再仅仅由“身体和灵魂”组成。在这篇简短的文章中,我将尝试检验这个术语,“精神”,正如它的直接叙事背景和其他保罗气体学文本以及它的第一次接受所阐明的那样。这样,读者就能更好地理解保罗对人类末世论的看法,对人类最终命运的看法。
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引用次数: 0
The Sick Person’s Relationship with God in the Healing Process according to Ben Sira (Sir 38:9–11) Ben Sira认为,病人在治疗过程中与上帝的关系(Sir 38:9-11)
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.31743/biban.13485
Andrzej Piwowar
Ben Sira’s teaching on medicine and healing in Sir 38:1–15 is divided into two parts: the first (38:1–8) deals directly with the medicine of the time (doctors – 38:1–3 and the medicines they used – 38:4–8), while the second focuses on the healing process (38:9–15). In the latter, the sage first focuses on the attitude of the sick (38:9–11) towards God and the role and tasks of the physician in the process of healing the sick (38:12–15). The article addresses Ben Sira’s teaching on the relationship of the sick man to the Lord (38:9–11). The sage, after positively evaluating and responding to modern medicine (a novelty in the Old Testament), returns in 38:9–11 to the implicitly expressed conviction found in the Bible that only God can restore health to a sick person – that He is the only physician. He therefore urges the sick person to turn to God. According to the sage, turning to the Most High (38:9a), prayer (38:9b), the rejection of sin and iniquity (38:10) and sacrifices (38:11) play an important role in the process of recovery. Sir 38:9–11 has a concentric structure with a call for a change in moral conduct at its centre (38:10). These are surrounded by appeals to turn to the Lord (38:9 and 38:11). According to Ben Sira, healing from illness is the work of God, so the sick person should make a conversion (abandon sin and turn away from evil) and renew his relationship with the Most High. According to him, conversion is crucial in the healing process – without it, the sick person cannot return to health and full strength. In this way, the sage expresses the Old Testament teaching about illness as the result of sin (retribution) and God as the only physician. What is new in Ben Sira’s teaching is the call to offer sacrifices for the recovery of health and healing from suffering.
本·西拉在Sir 38:1-15中关于医学和治疗的教导分为两部分:第一部分(38:1-8)直接涉及当时的医学(医生- 38:1-3和他们使用的药物- 38:4-8),而第二部分侧重于治疗过程(38:9-15)。在后者中,圣人首先关注病人对上帝的态度(38:9-11)以及医生在治疗病人过程中的角色和任务(38:12-15)。这篇文章讲述了本西拉关于病人与主的关系的教导(38:9-11)。这位圣人在积极评价和回应现代医学(旧约中的新事物)之后,在38:9-11中回到了圣经中隐含表达的信念,即只有上帝才能恢复病人的健康——他是唯一的医生。因此,他敦促病人转向上帝。根据圣人的说法,转向至高者(38:9a),祈祷(38:9b),拒绝罪恶和罪孽(38:10)和牺牲(38:11)在恢复过程中起着重要作用。Sir 38:9-11有一个同心结构,其中心是呼吁改变道德行为(38:10)。这些都被转向主的呼吁所包围(38:9和38:11)。根据本·西拉的说法,从疾病中治愈是上帝的工作,所以生病的人应该皈依(放弃罪恶,远离邪恶),重新建立他与至高者的关系。据他说,皈依在治疗过程中是至关重要的——没有它,病人就无法恢复健康和完全的力量。以这种方式,圣人表达了旧约关于疾病是罪的结果(报应)和上帝是唯一的医生的教导。本·西拉教导的新内容是呼吁为恢复健康和从痛苦中康复而做出牺牲。
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引用次数: 0
Divine and Human Spirit in Rom 8:16. Paul and Epictetus on Free Will 罗马书8:16中的神与人的灵。保罗和爱比克泰德论自由意志
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.31743/biban.13786
M. Kowalski
The article focuses on the phenomenon of free will in Paul, taking as the starting point Rom. 8:16. At the beginning, a concise exegetical analysis of Rom 8:16 is presented, placed in the rhetorical context of Rom 8. Subsequently, a comparison is drawn between Paul’s and Epictetus’s views on divine and human agency. First, the Epictetus’s idea of freedom is presented with a special emphasis on the notion of proairesis, understood as the true self of a person, responsible for free moral choices and actions. Next, the similarities and differences between the Epictetus’s and Pauline vision of free will are discussed. What connects the apostle and the philosopher are convictions that free will can exist in a divinely determined world and that human volition requires continuous education and subordination to God’s will. The elements that clearly distinguish Paul from Epictetus are the natural image of deity to be imitated in the human pursuit of freedom, and a genuinely relational, corporeal and emotive character of free will in the apostle. The psycho-somatic nature of human personality and will in Paul invites a dialogue between the apostle and modern science but it has to be carried out cautiously, bearing in mind the different methodologies, the idea of transcendent deity and Christological foundation upon which the Pauline idea of freedom and free will is built.
本文以罗马书8章16节为出发点,着重探讨保罗身上的自由意志现象。一开始,对罗马书8:16进行了简明的训诂分析,放在罗马书8的修辞背景中。随后,保罗和爱比克泰德对神和人的能动性的观点进行了比较。首先,爱比克泰德的自由思想特别强调了自我的概念,理解为一个人的真实自我,对自由的道德选择和行为负责。接下来,讨论爱比克泰德和保罗对自由意志的看法的异同。将使徒和哲学家联系在一起的是他们的信念,即自由意志可以存在于神所决定的世界中,人类的意志需要不断的教育和服从上帝的意志。保罗与爱比克泰德的明显区别在于,人类追求自由时所模仿的神的自然形象,以及使徒自由意志的真实关系,肉体和情感特征。在保罗身上,人类人格和意志的身心本质引发了使徒和现代科学之间的对话,但必须谨慎进行,要牢记不同的方法,超然神性的观点,以及建立在保罗自由和自由意志之上的基督论基础。
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引用次数: 0
Jesus’ Friends in John 15 and the Hellenistic Royal Court 约翰福音15章中耶稣的朋友与希腊化的皇家宫廷
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.31743/biban.12393
J. Rzepka
The present contribution utilizes the reference to disciples as Jesus’ friends in Jesus’ Farewell Talk to the Apostles in John 15 as evidence of the contemporary understanding of the Hellenistic royal in essentially non-Greek circles of the Greco-Roman East. It also argues that this passage may help to explain the very nature of the Hellenistic royal friends (philoi) as compared to other possible types of relation to monarchs (servants – douloi, companions – hetairoi) in the earlier Hellenistic Age.
目前的贡献利用了约翰福音15章耶稣与使徒的告别谈话中提到的门徒是耶稣的朋友,作为当代对希腊化王室在希腊-罗马东方基本上非希腊圈的理解的证据。它还认为,这段话可能有助于解释与希腊化时代早期与君主的其他可能类型的关系(仆人–douloi,同伴–hetairoi)相比,希腊化王室朋友(philoi)的本质。
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引用次数: 0
Francesco Filannino, La fine di Satana. Gli esorcismi nel Vangelo di Marco (Supplementi alla Rivista Biblica 67; Bologna: Edizione Dehoniane 2020) 弗朗西斯科·菲兰尼诺,《撒旦的终结》。马可福音中的驱魔(《圣经评论》补充67;博洛尼亚:德霍尼亚版本2020)
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.31743/biban.14503
Marcin Zieliński
Recenzja książki: Francesco Filannino, La fine di Satana. Gli esorcismi nel Vangelo di Marco (Supplementi alla Rivista Biblica 67; Bologna: Edizione Dehoniane 2020). Pp. 285. € 34. ISBN 978-88-10-30257-6.
雷琴贾·克西昂斯基:弗朗西斯·菲兰尼诺,《撒旦的终结》。《马可福音》中的驱魔(《圣经评论》补充67;博洛尼亚:德霍尼亚版本2020)。第285页。34欧元。是978-88-10-30257-6。
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引用次数: 0
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