Numizmatyka jest jedną z dyscyplin pomocniczych archeologii i historii. Analizuje monety z punkty widzenia historycznego, artystycznego i ekonomicznego. Tym samym pozwala lepiej zrozumieć przeszłość. Tak pojęta numizmatyka okazuje się równie bardzo pomocna zarówno biblistom jak i każdemu kto sięga po Pismo Święte. Na kartach ewangelii wielokrotnie pojawiają się nazwy różnych monet używanych w czasach Jezusa, które dla dzisiejszego odbiorcy są co najmniej dziwne. Niektóre współczesne przekłady Pisma Świętego odstępują od dosłownego tłumaczenia i zastępują niezrozumiałe nazwy starożytnych systemów monetarnych zwrotami bardziej przystępnymi. W polskiej literaturze historycznej, archeologicznej i biblijnej trudno natknąć się na systematyczne i uporządkowane omówienie różnych typów monet jakie pojawiają się na kartach ewangelii. Niniejszy artykuł stawia sobie za cel uzupełnienie tej luki i przeanalizowanie gamy terminów jakie ewangeliści używają, by opisać monety znajdujące się wówczas w obiegu w Palestynie. To zestawienie pozwala lepiej zrozumieć powody użycia przez nich poszczególnych terminów. Tym samym pozwala na nowo spojrzeć na znacznie greckiego terminu νόμισμα (moneta), który w całym Nowym Testamencie pojawia się tylko raz (Mt 24,19).
{"title":"Δείξατέ μοι δηνάριον (Łk 20,24) – monety używane w Palestynie na kartach Ewangelii","authors":"Piotr Blajer","doi":"10.31743/biban.13295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.13295","url":null,"abstract":"Numizmatyka jest jedną z dyscyplin pomocniczych archeologii i historii. Analizuje monety z punkty widzenia historycznego, artystycznego i ekonomicznego. Tym samym pozwala lepiej zrozumieć przeszłość. Tak pojęta numizmatyka okazuje się równie bardzo pomocna zarówno biblistom jak i każdemu kto sięga po Pismo Święte. Na kartach ewangelii wielokrotnie pojawiają się nazwy różnych monet używanych w czasach Jezusa, które dla dzisiejszego odbiorcy są co najmniej dziwne. Niektóre współczesne przekłady Pisma Świętego odstępują od dosłownego tłumaczenia i zastępują niezrozumiałe nazwy starożytnych systemów monetarnych zwrotami bardziej przystępnymi. W polskiej literaturze historycznej, archeologicznej i biblijnej trudno natknąć się na systematyczne i uporządkowane omówienie różnych typów monet jakie pojawiają się na kartach ewangelii. Niniejszy artykuł stawia sobie za cel uzupełnienie tej luki i przeanalizowanie gamy terminów jakie ewangeliści używają, by opisać monety znajdujące się wówczas w obiegu w Palestynie. To zestawienie pozwala lepiej zrozumieć powody użycia przez nich poszczególnych terminów. Tym samym pozwala na nowo spojrzeć na znacznie greckiego terminu νόμισμα (moneta), który w całym Nowym Testamencie pojawia się tylko raz (Mt 24,19).","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44369503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Druga dysputa w Księdze Malachiasza (Ml 1,6-2,9), skierowana przeciwko kapłanom — wraz z pozostałymi dysputami — dopełnia obrazu zagrożeń, przed jakimi stanęło społeczeństwo judzkie w poszukiwaniu tożsamości religijno-narodowej w pierwszej połowie V wieku przed Chr. Artykuł stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, kim byli zdegradowani przez Boga kapłani oraz czym było przymierze z Lewim (Ml 2,1-9), które miało pozostać aktualne. Artykuł stara się uprawdopodobnić tezę, że Ml 2,1-9 jest manifestem religijnej reformy, która doprowadziła do degradacji lewitów w czasach Nehemiasza. Z jednej strony podważa się więc teorię Juliusa Wellhausena, według której degradacja lewitów była pokłosiem reformy Jozjasza, z drugiej zaś interpretuje dwa inne teksty podejmujące ten sam temat (2 Krl 23,9-10; Ez 44,10-16) jako próbę archaizującej projekcji degradacji lewitów na czasy monarchii. Analiza egzegetyczna rzuca nowy snop światła na Ml 2,1-9, na jej tłumaczenie i zrozumienie
{"title":"„Wysmaruję wam twarze gnojówką” (Ml 2,3b). Mowa Boga do kapłanów (Ml 2,1–9) jako manifest reformy Nehemiasza. Kryzys kapłaństwa i degradacja lewitów w pierwszej połowie V wieku przed Chr.","authors":"A. Zawadzki","doi":"10.31743/biban.14741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.14741","url":null,"abstract":"Druga dysputa w Księdze Malachiasza (Ml 1,6-2,9), skierowana przeciwko kapłanom — wraz z pozostałymi dysputami — dopełnia obrazu zagrożeń, przed jakimi stanęło społeczeństwo judzkie w poszukiwaniu tożsamości religijno-narodowej w pierwszej połowie V wieku przed Chr. Artykuł stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, kim byli zdegradowani przez Boga kapłani oraz czym było przymierze z Lewim (Ml 2,1-9), które miało pozostać aktualne. Artykuł stara się uprawdopodobnić tezę, że Ml 2,1-9 jest manifestem religijnej reformy, która doprowadziła do degradacji lewitów w czasach Nehemiasza. Z jednej strony podważa się więc teorię Juliusa Wellhausena, według której degradacja lewitów była pokłosiem reformy Jozjasza, z drugiej zaś interpretuje dwa inne teksty podejmujące ten sam temat (2 Krl 23,9-10; Ez 44,10-16) jako próbę archaizującej projekcji degradacji lewitów na czasy monarchii. Analiza egzegetyczna rzuca nowy snop światła na Ml 2,1-9, na jej tłumaczenie i zrozumienie","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47535973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Hebrew Bible, the woman’s womb is rendered by three main nouns: רֶחֶם (most often translated as “womb”), בֶּטֶן (“belly”) and מֵעֶה (plural only: מֵעִים, “bowels”). Although these terms take on various shades of meaning, they very often refer to the female womb. In this context, they always appear in relation to God, who is particularly active in this field. This article aims to show the ways of God’s creative activity in the female womb, which also takes various metaphorical shades.
{"title":"The Woman’s Womb as a Place of God’s Action and Creation","authors":"M. Chrostowski","doi":"10.31743/biban.13572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.13572","url":null,"abstract":"In the Hebrew Bible, the woman’s womb is rendered by three main nouns: רֶחֶם (most often translated as “womb”), בֶּטֶן (“belly”) and מֵעֶה (plural only: מֵעִים, “bowels”). Although these terms take on various shades of meaning, they very often refer to the female womb. In this context, they always appear in relation to God, who is particularly active in this field. This article aims to show the ways of God’s creative activity in the female womb, which also takes various metaphorical shades.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47384901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recenzja książki: Hector M. Patmore – Josef Lössl (eds.), Demons in Early Judaism and Christianity . Characters and Characteristics (Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity 113; Leiden – Boston, MA: Brill 2022). Pp. 339. € 146.28. ISBN 978-90-04-51714-1
{"title":"Hector M. Patmore – Josef Lössl (eds.), Demons in Early Judaism and Christianity . Characters and Characteristics (Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity 113; Leiden – Boston, MA: Brill 2022)","authors":"Krzysztof Kinowski","doi":"10.31743/biban.14844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.14844","url":null,"abstract":"Recenzja książki:\u0000Hector M. Patmore – Josef Lössl (eds.), Demons in Early Judaism and Christianity . Characters and Characteristics (Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity 113; Leiden – Boston, MA: Brill 2022). Pp. 339. € 146.28. ISBN 978-90-04-51714-1","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42424469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autor ukazuje specyfikę ekumenicznego przekładu Biblii na język polski na tle najważniejszych ekumenicznych projektów przekładowych na inne języki. Bazę źródłową dla badań stanowiły głównie wstępy do Biblii ekumenicznych w językach obcych oraz nigdy niepublikowane archiwalia pochodzące z Towarzystwa Biblijnego w Polsce.
{"title":"Biblia Ekumeniczna w języku polskim na tle wybranych ekumenicznych projektów przekładowych Pisma Świętego","authors":"K. Wojtyra","doi":"10.31743/biban.13687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.13687","url":null,"abstract":"Autor ukazuje specyfikę ekumenicznego przekładu Biblii na język polski na tle najważniejszych ekumenicznych projektów przekładowych na inne języki. Bazę źródłową dla badań stanowiły głównie wstępy do Biblii ekumenicznych w językach obcych oraz nigdy niepublikowane archiwalia pochodzące z Towarzystwa Biblijnego w Polsce.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42507935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In his earliest letter, 1 Thessalonians, Paul addresses the issue of eschatology, leaving us a surprising anthropological description of the human being as “spirit, soul, and body.” Paul uses terms that are familiar to his readers. However, the first term in this threefold division of a human being, “spirit,” is the most emphasised, since the human being is no longer made up exclusively of “body and soul.” In this brief contribution, I will attempt to examine this term, “spirit,” as illuminated by its immediate narrative context and by other Pauline pneumatological texts and by its first reception. In this way, the reader will better understand the Pauline vision of the human being in the eschatology, in his ultimate destiny.
{"title":"The Human Being in Eschatology according to 1 Thess 5:23","authors":"Andrés García Serrano","doi":"10.31743/biban.13473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.13473","url":null,"abstract":"In his earliest letter, 1 Thessalonians, Paul addresses the issue of eschatology, leaving us a surprising anthropological description of the human being as “spirit, soul, and body.” Paul uses terms that are familiar to his readers. However, the first term in this threefold division of a human being, “spirit,” is the most emphasised, since the human being is no longer made up exclusively of “body and soul.” In this brief contribution, I will attempt to examine this term, “spirit,” as illuminated by its immediate narrative context and by other Pauline pneumatological texts and by its first reception. In this way, the reader will better understand the Pauline vision of the human being in the eschatology, in his ultimate destiny.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46266734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben Sira’s teaching on medicine and healing in Sir 38:1–15 is divided into two parts: the first (38:1–8) deals directly with the medicine of the time (doctors – 38:1–3 and the medicines they used – 38:4–8), while the second focuses on the healing process (38:9–15). In the latter, the sage first focuses on the attitude of the sick (38:9–11) towards God and the role and tasks of the physician in the process of healing the sick (38:12–15). The article addresses Ben Sira’s teaching on the relationship of the sick man to the Lord (38:9–11). The sage, after positively evaluating and responding to modern medicine (a novelty in the Old Testament), returns in 38:9–11 to the implicitly expressed conviction found in the Bible that only God can restore health to a sick person – that He is the only physician. He therefore urges the sick person to turn to God. According to the sage, turning to the Most High (38:9a), prayer (38:9b), the rejection of sin and iniquity (38:10) and sacrifices (38:11) play an important role in the process of recovery. Sir 38:9–11 has a concentric structure with a call for a change in moral conduct at its centre (38:10). These are surrounded by appeals to turn to the Lord (38:9 and 38:11). According to Ben Sira, healing from illness is the work of God, so the sick person should make a conversion (abandon sin and turn away from evil) and renew his relationship with the Most High. According to him, conversion is crucial in the healing process – without it, the sick person cannot return to health and full strength. In this way, the sage expresses the Old Testament teaching about illness as the result of sin (retribution) and God as the only physician. What is new in Ben Sira’s teaching is the call to offer sacrifices for the recovery of health and healing from suffering.
{"title":"The Sick Person’s Relationship with God in the Healing Process according to Ben Sira (Sir 38:9–11)","authors":"Andrzej Piwowar","doi":"10.31743/biban.13485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.13485","url":null,"abstract":"Ben Sira’s teaching on medicine and healing in Sir 38:1–15 is divided into two parts: the first (38:1–8) deals directly with the medicine of the time (doctors – 38:1–3 and the medicines they used – 38:4–8), while the second focuses on the healing process (38:9–15). In the latter, the sage first focuses on the attitude of the sick (38:9–11) towards God and the role and tasks of the physician in the process of healing the sick (38:12–15). The article addresses Ben Sira’s teaching on the relationship of the sick man to the Lord (38:9–11). The sage, after positively evaluating and responding to modern medicine (a novelty in the Old Testament), returns in 38:9–11 to the implicitly expressed conviction found in the Bible that only God can restore health to a sick person – that He is the only physician. He therefore urges the sick person to turn to God. According to the sage, turning to the Most High (38:9a), prayer (38:9b), the rejection of sin and iniquity (38:10) and sacrifices (38:11) play an important role in the process of recovery. Sir 38:9–11 has a concentric structure with a call for a change in moral conduct at its centre (38:10). These are surrounded by appeals to turn to the Lord (38:9 and 38:11). According to Ben Sira, healing from illness is the work of God, so the sick person should make a conversion (abandon sin and turn away from evil) and renew his relationship with the Most High. According to him, conversion is crucial in the healing process – without it, the sick person cannot return to health and full strength. In this way, the sage expresses the Old Testament teaching about illness as the result of sin (retribution) and God as the only physician. What is new in Ben Sira’s teaching is the call to offer sacrifices for the recovery of health and healing from suffering.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44410735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article focuses on the phenomenon of free will in Paul, taking as the starting point Rom. 8:16. At the beginning, a concise exegetical analysis of Rom 8:16 is presented, placed in the rhetorical context of Rom 8. Subsequently, a comparison is drawn between Paul’s and Epictetus’s views on divine and human agency. First, the Epictetus’s idea of freedom is presented with a special emphasis on the notion of proairesis, understood as the true self of a person, responsible for free moral choices and actions. Next, the similarities and differences between the Epictetus’s and Pauline vision of free will are discussed. What connects the apostle and the philosopher are convictions that free will can exist in a divinely determined world and that human volition requires continuous education and subordination to God’s will. The elements that clearly distinguish Paul from Epictetus are the natural image of deity to be imitated in the human pursuit of freedom, and a genuinely relational, corporeal and emotive character of free will in the apostle. The psycho-somatic nature of human personality and will in Paul invites a dialogue between the apostle and modern science but it has to be carried out cautiously, bearing in mind the different methodologies, the idea of transcendent deity and Christological foundation upon which the Pauline idea of freedom and free will is built.
{"title":"Divine and Human Spirit in Rom 8:16. Paul and Epictetus on Free Will","authors":"M. Kowalski","doi":"10.31743/biban.13786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.13786","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the phenomenon of free will in Paul, taking as the starting point Rom. 8:16. At the beginning, a concise exegetical analysis of Rom 8:16 is presented, placed in the rhetorical context of Rom 8. Subsequently, a comparison is drawn between Paul’s and Epictetus’s views on divine and human agency. First, the Epictetus’s idea of freedom is presented with a special emphasis on the notion of proairesis, understood as the true self of a person, responsible for free moral choices and actions. Next, the similarities and differences between the Epictetus’s and Pauline vision of free will are discussed. What connects the apostle and the philosopher are convictions that free will can exist in a divinely determined world and that human volition requires continuous education and subordination to God’s will. The elements that clearly distinguish Paul from Epictetus are the natural image of deity to be imitated in the human pursuit of freedom, and a genuinely relational, corporeal and emotive character of free will in the apostle. The psycho-somatic nature of human personality and will in Paul invites a dialogue between the apostle and modern science but it has to be carried out cautiously, bearing in mind the different methodologies, the idea of transcendent deity and Christological foundation upon which the Pauline idea of freedom and free will is built.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42351111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present contribution utilizes the reference to disciples as Jesus’ friends in Jesus’ Farewell Talk to the Apostles in John 15 as evidence of the contemporary understanding of the Hellenistic royal in essentially non-Greek circles of the Greco-Roman East. It also argues that this passage may help to explain the very nature of the Hellenistic royal friends (philoi) as compared to other possible types of relation to monarchs (servants – douloi, companions – hetairoi) in the earlier Hellenistic Age.
{"title":"Jesus’ Friends in John 15 and the Hellenistic Royal Court","authors":"J. Rzepka","doi":"10.31743/biban.12393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.12393","url":null,"abstract":"The present contribution utilizes the reference to disciples as Jesus’ friends in Jesus’ Farewell Talk to the Apostles in John 15 as evidence of the contemporary understanding of the Hellenistic royal in essentially non-Greek circles of the Greco-Roman East. It also argues that this passage may help to explain the very nature of the Hellenistic royal friends (philoi) as compared to other possible types of relation to monarchs (servants – douloi, companions – hetairoi) in the earlier Hellenistic Age.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49393944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recenzja książki: Francesco Filannino, La fine di Satana. Gli esorcismi nel Vangelo di Marco (Supplementi alla Rivista Biblica 67; Bologna: Edizione Dehoniane 2020). Pp. 285. € 34. ISBN 978-88-10-30257-6.
{"title":"Francesco Filannino, La fine di Satana. Gli esorcismi nel Vangelo di Marco (Supplementi alla Rivista Biblica 67; Bologna: Edizione Dehoniane 2020)","authors":"Marcin Zieliński","doi":"10.31743/biban.14503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.14503","url":null,"abstract":"Recenzja książki: Francesco Filannino, La fine di Satana. Gli esorcismi nel Vangelo di Marco (Supplementi alla Rivista Biblica 67; Bologna: Edizione Dehoniane 2020). Pp. 285. € 34. ISBN 978-88-10-30257-6.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41600331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}