Revelation 12:1-6 recounts two signs that appear in heaven. The first sign is a woman and the second one is a dragon with seven heads, ten horns and seven diadems on its seven heads. The somewhat unusual description of the two signs has its grand finale in 12:4-6 which tells about the interaction between the woman and the dragon, as well as her child. The dragon, aware that its power must last for only a short period, a symbolic ten days, tries to swallow the child to whom the woman is about to give birth. In this way, the dragon wants to thwart and frustrate God’s plan. The newborn child is caught up by God to his throne in heaven. The reference to the OT helps the audience to identify the newborn child as the Messiah who will shepherd all the nations. The presentation of the child’s mission to shepherd all the nations assures the audience that God’s plan will be realized. This vision assures the audience that God is almighty, and that he is the ‘hidden actor’ in the entire vision. The reader-oriented exegesis of the passage discloses how the audience respond to the author’s rhetorical arguments and presentation.
{"title":"A Great Sign Appeared in the Sky . Audience-Oriented Criticism of Revelation 12:1-6","authors":"Piotr Blajer","doi":"10.31743/biban.12907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.12907","url":null,"abstract":"Revelation 12:1-6 recounts two signs that appear in heaven. The first sign is a woman and the second one is a dragon with seven heads, ten horns and seven diadems on its seven heads. The somewhat unusual description of the two signs has its grand finale in 12:4-6 which tells about the interaction between the woman and the dragon, as well as her child. The dragon, aware that its power must last for only a short period, a symbolic ten days, tries to swallow the child to whom the woman is about to give birth. In this way, the dragon wants to thwart and frustrate God’s plan. The newborn child is caught up by God to his throne in heaven. The reference to the OT helps the audience to identify the newborn child as the Messiah who will shepherd all the nations. The presentation of the child’s mission to shepherd all the nations assures the audience that God’s plan will be realized. This vision assures the audience that God is almighty, and that he is the ‘hidden actor’ in the entire vision. The reader-oriented exegesis of the passage discloses how the audience respond to the author’s rhetorical arguments and presentation.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44769250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recenzja książki: Zdzisław J. Kapera – Alexander Schick (red.) „When the Sun Rises Over the Earth , They Shall Bless” (4Q503). Professor Claus-Hunno Hunzinger Memorial Volume, The Qumran Chronicle 28–29 (2020–2021) (Kraków: The Enigma Press 2021).
{"title":"Z.J. Kapera – A. Schick (red.), „When the Sun Rises Over the Earth, They Shall Bless” (4Q503). Claus-Hunno Hunzinger Memorial Volume","authors":"A. Tronina","doi":"10.31743/biban.13336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.13336","url":null,"abstract":"Recenzja książki: Zdzisław J. Kapera – Alexander Schick (red.) „When the Sun Rises Over the Earth , They Shall Bless” (4Q503). Professor Claus-Hunno Hunzinger Memorial Volume, The Qumran Chronicle 28–29 (2020–2021) (Kraków: The Enigma Press 2021).","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46771366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Book Review: Sergio Rotasperti, Metaphors in Proverbs. Decoding the Language of Metaphor in the Book of Proverbs (Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 188; Leiden – Boston: Brill 2021).
{"title":"Sergio Rotasperti, Metaphors in Proverbs . Decoding the Language of Metaphor in the Book of Proverbs (Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 188; Leiden – Boston, MA: Brill 2021). Pp. XVIII+227. €109.00. ISBN 978-90-04-46410-0 (Hardback), 978-90-04-46605-0 (E-Book)","authors":"Mateusz Jan Targoński","doi":"10.31743/biban.13279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.13279","url":null,"abstract":"Book Review: Sergio Rotasperti, Metaphors in Proverbs. Decoding the Language of Metaphor in the Book of Proverbs (Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 188; Leiden – Boston: Brill 2021).","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41497674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses Elisha Qimron’s suggestion that the syntagm חוק ומשפט וטהרה (B 52 = 4Q394 8 IV,2; 4Q396 1–2 II,3-4) from 4QMMT indicated the tripartite division of Jewish law in the understanding of the Qumran community. The first part presents the context of the use of חוק ומשפט וטהרה in 4QMMT, and briefly analyses the use of each of these terms in the literature of the Second Temple Period. The second part raises arguments refuting E. Qimron’s idea and proposes an alternative meaning of חוק ומשפט וטהרה.
{"title":"The Alleged Reference to the Tripartite Division of Jewish Law in 4QMMT","authors":"M. Klukowski","doi":"10.31743/biban.12966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.12966","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses Elisha Qimron’s suggestion that the syntagm חוק ומשפט וטהרה (B 52 = 4Q394 8 IV,2; 4Q396 1–2 II,3-4) from 4QMMT indicated the tripartite division of Jewish law in the understanding of the Qumran community. The first part presents the context of the use of חוק ומשפט וטהרה in 4QMMT, and briefly analyses the use of each of these terms in the literature of the Second Temple Period. The second part raises arguments refuting E. Qimron’s idea and proposes an alternative meaning of חוק ומשפט וטהרה.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46406224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presented study deals with the oldest Christian depiction of a phoenix found in the Catacombs of Priscilla in Rome. Since catacomb art is a narrative depiction of biblical stories, it is important to incorporate the motive of phoenix into historical context. The study performs analysis and comparison the links and connections of the phoenix symbol in pagan and Christian thought. As Christian iconography is associated with allegorical symbols, the intention is to anticipate the meaning, origin and etymology of the phoenix symbol. The article therefore summarizes how the symbol and position of the phoenix found in the catacombs evolved from Egyptian myths through Greek and Roman culture to the transformation in Christian literature and Christian thought, especially in the Gospel of John, which connects the symbol of the phoenix with the palm and Lazarus.
{"title":"The Symbol of the Phoenix in the Catacombs of Priscilla in Rome and Its Transformation in Early Christianity","authors":"Mária Kardis, Dominika Tlučková","doi":"10.31743/biban.12903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.12903","url":null,"abstract":"The presented study deals with the oldest Christian depiction of a phoenix found in the Catacombs of Priscilla in Rome. Since catacomb art is a narrative depiction of biblical stories, it is important to incorporate the motive of phoenix into historical context. The study performs analysis and comparison the links and connections of the phoenix symbol in pagan and Christian thought. As Christian iconography is associated with allegorical symbols, the intention is to anticipate the meaning, origin and etymology of the phoenix symbol. The article therefore summarizes how the symbol and position of the phoenix found in the catacombs evolved from Egyptian myths through Greek and Roman culture to the transformation in Christian literature and Christian thought, especially in the Gospel of John, which connects the symbol of the phoenix with the palm and Lazarus.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recenzja książki: John P. Meier, A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus. Volume 5: Probing the Authenticity of the Parables (New Haven – London: Yale Univeristy Press, 2016).
{"title":"John P. Meier, A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus. Volume 5: Probing the Authenticity of the Parables (New Haven – London: Yale Univeristy Press, 2016). Pp. 464. $ 65. ISBN: 9780300211900.","authors":"M. Walczak","doi":"10.31743/biban.13355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.13355","url":null,"abstract":"Recenzja książki: John P. Meier, A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus. Volume 5: Probing the Authenticity of the Parables (New Haven – London: Yale Univeristy Press, 2016).","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44614268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W prezentowanym artykule dokonano przeglądu XIX-wiecznych wydań Nowego Testamentu w języku polskim celem odnalezienia modeli edytorskich, według których pojawiały się kolejne edycje. W pracy uwzględniono docelowo 68 wydań, które ukazały się na przestrzeni lat 1815-1900. 34 spośród nich bazowały na tłumaczeniu przyjętym w Biblii Gdańskiej a 34 na tłumaczeniu Jakuba Wujka. Spośród analizowanych edycji wskazano na 27, według których ukazywały się kolejne polskie wydania Nowego Testamentu (w XIX wieku). Obok zidentyfikowanych poszczególnych modeli, w pracy zaproponowano także 7 linii edycyjnych.
{"title":"Modele edytorskie XIX-wiecznych polskojęzycznych wydań Nowego Testamentu – próba identyfikacji","authors":"Łukasz Zakonnik","doi":"10.31743/biban.12888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.12888","url":null,"abstract":"W prezentowanym artykule dokonano przeglądu XIX-wiecznych wydań Nowego Testamentu w języku polskim celem odnalezienia modeli edytorskich, według których pojawiały się kolejne edycje. W pracy uwzględniono docelowo 68 wydań, które ukazały się na przestrzeni lat 1815-1900. 34 spośród nich bazowały na tłumaczeniu przyjętym w Biblii Gdańskiej a 34 na tłumaczeniu Jakuba Wujka. Spośród analizowanych edycji wskazano na 27, według których ukazywały się kolejne polskie wydania Nowego Testamentu (w XIX wieku). Obok zidentyfikowanych poszczególnych modeli, w pracy zaproponowano także 7 linii edycyjnych.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45622073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caleb is a secondary character in several episodes of the Exodus as well as the conquest of the Promised Land (Numbers 13–14; Josh 14:6-14). Praise of the Ancestors (Syr 44–49) contains a presentation of the biblical history of ancient Israel as the history of the covenant and a place of God's intervention. Sirach presents, according to his own criteria, the most relevant and positive characters of this history. Caleb in Sirach’s description (46:7-10) is a faithful scout, who, together with Joshua, in the face of the rebellion of the Israelites, bears witness to an exemplary trust in God and encourages the Israelites to follow his lead. His courage and faithfulness are rewarded by receiving an inheritance of the piece of land in the Promised Land, which then becomes the property of his offspring. In the brief account of Sirach, Caleb has become a timeless example of the wise man – a sage who lives according to the word of God and encourages others to take up this challenge.
{"title":"Caleb, Son of Jephunneh - As an Example of Fidelity to God. An Exegetical Study of Sir 46:7-10","authors":"Judyta Pudełko","doi":"10.31743/biban.12918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.12918","url":null,"abstract":"Caleb is a secondary character in several episodes of the Exodus as well as the conquest of the Promised Land (Numbers 13–14; Josh 14:6-14). Praise of the Ancestors (Syr 44–49) contains a presentation of the biblical history of ancient Israel as the history of the covenant and a place of God's intervention. Sirach presents, according to his own criteria, the most relevant and positive characters of this history. Caleb in Sirach’s description (46:7-10) is a faithful scout, who, together with Joshua, in the face of the rebellion of the Israelites, bears witness to an exemplary trust in God and encourages the Israelites to follow his lead. His courage and faithfulness are rewarded by receiving an inheritance of the piece of land in the Promised Land, which then becomes the property of his offspring. In the brief account of Sirach, Caleb has become a timeless example of the wise man – a sage who lives according to the word of God and encourages others to take up this challenge.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46412883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The titular term commonly refers to the baptism administered by John. In the other earliest sources, forgiveness of sins is not closely linked to washing with water performed by him, as the description of the Baptist’s appearance in the Gospel of Mark seems to suggest. The analysis of the verse marked in the title leads to the conclusion that Mark characterizes John’s appearance by two conjoined activities: baptizing and preaching which are expressed by the participles βαπτίζων and κηρύσσων. The first one allows for diagnosing the state of relations between humans and God. This diagnosis is expressed through the confession of their sins. The second one announces to them a therapy appropriate to the position they have identified. This therapy is supposed to be the baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins preached by John, equating with the future baptism in the Holy Spirit.
{"title":"“Baptism of Repentance for the Remission of Sins”: Mark 1:4 in Its Context","authors":"A. Malina","doi":"10.31743/biban.12794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.12794","url":null,"abstract":"The titular term commonly refers to the baptism administered by John. In the other earliest sources, forgiveness of sins is not closely linked to washing with water performed by him, as the description of the Baptist’s appearance in the Gospel of Mark seems to suggest. The analysis of the verse marked in the title leads to the conclusion that Mark characterizes John’s appearance by two conjoined activities: baptizing and preaching which are expressed by the participles βαπτίζων and κηρύσσων. The first one allows for diagnosing the state of relations between humans and God. This diagnosis is expressed through the confession of their sins. The second one announces to them a therapy appropriate to the position they have identified. This therapy is supposed to be the baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins preached by John, equating with the future baptism in the Holy Spirit.","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42361902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article analyses the issues in question by means of a method used in the legal sciences which in the Polish methodology is called “the historical and legal method.” It involves presentation and analysis of selected legal institutions and of their evolution in time. The following issues—identified across the pages of the Gospel—are analysed in this article: political and systemic context of evangelical events (section 1), the role of censuses in the implementation of Roman administrative and systemic principles (section 2), Roman tax law in the context of tax burdens resting on residents of Judea (section 3) and the Roman judicial procedure in the context of the trial of Jesus (section 4). In the summary the author answers the research question asked in the introduction: to what degree does the historical and legal significance of selected institutions of Roman law, inspired by the description of these institutions in canonical gospels of the New Testament, determine the contemporary understanding of the gospels themselves?
{"title":"Historical and Legal Context and Significance… of Selected Roman Public Law Institutions of the Early Principate Described in Canonical Gospels of the New Testament","authors":"Maciej Tomasz Kubala","doi":"10.31743/biban.12839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.12839","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the issues in question by means of a method used in the legal sciences which in the Polish methodology is called “the historical and legal method.” It involves presentation and analysis of selected legal institutions and of their evolution in time. The following issues—identified across the pages of the Gospel—are analysed in this article: political and systemic context of evangelical events (section 1), the role of censuses in the implementation of Roman administrative and systemic principles (section 2), Roman tax law in the context of tax burdens resting on residents of Judea (section 3) and the Roman judicial procedure in the context of the trial of Jesus (section 4). In the summary the author answers the research question asked in the introduction: to what degree does the historical and legal significance of selected institutions of Roman law, inspired by the description of these institutions in canonical gospels of the New Testament, determine the contemporary understanding of the gospels themselves?","PeriodicalId":52162,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Annals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43139568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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