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A Review of Matthias Doepke, Fabrizio Zilibotti, Love, Money, and Parenting: How Economics Explains the Way We Raise Our Kids. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019, 384 pp. 马蒂亚斯·杜普克,法布里齐奥·齐里波提,《爱、金钱与养育:经济学如何解释我们养育孩子的方式》普林斯顿,新泽西州:普林斯顿大学出版社,2019年,384页。
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-52-235-249
Alexandra Martynenko
The popular science book by professors of economics Matthias Depke and Fabrizio Zillibotti investigates the impact of economics on parental behaviour in different countries. The authors pinpoint the relationship between the level of economic inequality in a particular state and the dominant parenting style according to the classification of Diana Baumrind. The higher the level of economic inequality, the stricter and more demanding parents will be in relation to their children. The authors note the transformation of parental behavior in Western countries towards greater control over children’s school performance and deeper parental involvement in their lives. The conclusions of Depke and Zilibotti are based on big data from sociological surveys and economic indicators.
经济学教授马蒂亚斯·德普克(Matthias Depke)和法布里齐奥·齐里伯蒂(Fabrizio Zillibotti)撰写的这本科普书调查了经济对不同国家父母行为的影响。根据戴安娜·鲍姆林德(Diana Baumrind)的分类,作者指出了特定州的经济不平等程度与主流育儿方式之间的关系。经济不平等程度越高,父母对孩子的要求就越严格。作者注意到西方国家父母行为的转变,即更多地控制孩子在学校的表现,更深入地参与孩子的生活。Depke和Zilibotti的结论基于社会学调查和经济指标的大数据。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of Chu Pey-Yi, The Life of Permafrost: A History of Frozen Earth in Russian and Soviet Science. Toronto; Buffalo;London: University of Toronto Press, 2020, 288 pp. 朱培义:《永久冻土的生命:俄罗斯与苏联科学史》。多伦多;布法罗;伦敦:多伦多大学出版社,2020,288页。
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-54-227-235
A. Karaseva
In this review, Pei-Yi Chu’s book The Life of Permafrost: The History of Frozen Land in Russian and Soviet Science is examined in detail from two perspectives, methodological and historical. The evolution of Chu’s methodological approach and analytical language on the way from a thesis to a book is analyzed, and the history of the late Soviet research on permafrost, which was not covered in the book, is briefly described.
在这篇综述中,朱培义的著作《永久冻土的生命:俄罗斯和苏联科学中的冻土史》从方法论和历史两个角度进行了详细的研究。本文分析了朱棣文从论文到成书的方法论和分析语言的演变,并简要介绍了书中未涉及的苏联后期冻土研究的历史。
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引用次数: 0
The Soviet TV Viewer in the Post-Soviet Period: Portrait in a Rural Environment 后苏联时期的苏联电视观众:乡村环境中的肖像
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-54-11-36
Evgeniya Petrova, Varvara Preter
The article analyzes the phenomenon that we call the “last Soviet TV viewers” in the Russian rural areas. This is the generation of people over 50 years old who were the first for whom television became the primary medium from a young age, and who today are the last for whom it continues to be. The peculiarities of the practices of television viewing and interaction with television have become central to the analysis. The study is based on materials from six field expeditions (2012–2019) to the rural areas of Russia, in which, out of 263 collected in-depth interviews and observations, 106 were conducted with people whom we attribute to this phenomenon and allow us to draw conclusions about the features of their television viewing. The article examines how television is represented in the daily life of rural settlers, what the rural “last Soviet TV viewers” watch in the post-Soviet period, what the current practices of television viewing are, and how the villagers relate to television content and technology. Television was and remains the main medium for the studied group and is perceived as a significant source of content. Many media practices of Soviet television viewers survived in the early post-Soviet period and persist in the 2000s. The new technology acquired by the informants is adapted until it becomes compatible with the basic practices of everyday life.
文章分析了俄罗斯农村地区出现的“最后一批苏联电视观众”现象。这是50岁以上的一代人,他们是第一批从年轻时起就把电视作为主要媒介的人,也是今天最后一批继续把电视作为主要媒介的人。电视观看和与电视互动的特殊性已经成为分析的核心。该研究基于对俄罗斯农村地区进行的六次实地考察(2012-2019)的材料,其中,在收集的263次深入访谈和观察中,有106次是与我们归因于这种现象的人进行的,并允许我们得出关于他们看电视的特征的结论。本文探讨了电视如何在农村定居者的日常生活中呈现,后苏联时期农村“最后的苏联电视观众”看什么,当前的电视观看做法是什么,以及村民如何与电视内容和技术联系起来。电视过去是,现在仍然是被研究群体的主要媒介,被认为是重要的内容来源。苏联电视观众的许多媒体做法在后苏联时期早期幸存下来,并在2000年代继续存在。举报人对所获得的新技术进行调整,直到它与日常生活的基本做法相适应。
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引用次数: 0
Alexander Fedorovich Belousov: On the Occasion of His 75th Birthday 亚历山大·费多罗维奇·贝洛乌索夫:在他75岁生日之际
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-51-239-245
I. Veselova
Laudation to Alexander Fedorovich Belousov on the occasion of his 75th birthday.
在亚历山大·费多罗维奇·贝洛乌索夫75岁生日之际向他致敬。
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引用次数: 0
Alexander Grigoryevich Kozintsev: On the Occasion of His 75th Birthday 亚历山大·格里戈里耶维奇·科津采夫:在他75岁生日之际
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-51-253-256
Yuri Berezkin
Laudation to Alexander Grigoryevich Kozintsev on the occasion of his 75th birthday.
在亚历山大·格里戈里耶维奇·科津采夫75岁生日之际向他致敬。
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引用次数: 0
Killer Portraits: An Urban Legend and Moral Panic of the 1990s 杀手肖像:20世纪90年代的都市传奇与道德恐慌
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-51-11-38
Olga Boitsova
In the 1990s in Russia—as well as in other countries—there were rumors about the existence of Satanists; these sometimes lead to the so-called “Satanic Panics” described by researchers. The paper is devoted to the urban legend about Satanists that circulated in 1996–1997 in the Sverdlovsk and Moscow Regions of Russia. According to the rumors, some portraits of children taken by professional photographers included photographs of other people’s body parts, funerals, paraphernalia, and other foreign objects between the picture and its frame, which caused harm to the child depicted in the portrait. The paper is based on an analysis of the media (newspapers and a television program) and an interview taken in 2006 with a witness and participant of the events. Versions of the same urban legend published on the Internet in the 2000s–2010s are invoked for comparison. As a theoretical approach, the concept of moral panics is applied. The paper raises questions about the reasons for the explosive spread of the urban legend and the particular form of the moral panic. The paper shows that the idea of a portrait as a means of influence over the depicted person and of the possibility of damage through the image—which, in the 19th century, led to panics over the so-called “hell-depicting icons”—still exists in Russia and played its role in the moral panic of the 1990s.
20世纪90年代,在俄罗斯和其他国家,都有关于撒旦教徒存在的传言;这些有时会导致研究人员所描述的所谓“撒旦恐慌”。该论文致力于1996-1997年在俄罗斯斯维尔德洛夫斯克和莫斯科地区流传的关于撒旦教徒的城市传说。根据传言,一些由专业摄影师拍摄的儿童肖像包括其他人的身体部位、葬礼、用具以及照片和相框之间的其他异物的照片,这对肖像中描绘的儿童造成了伤害。本文基于对媒体(报纸和电视节目)的分析,以及2006年对事件目击者和参与者的采访。引用2000年代至2010年代在互联网上发布的同一城市传说的版本进行比较。作为一种理论方法,道德恐慌的概念得到了应用。本文对都市传说爆炸性传播的原因和道德恐慌的特殊形式提出了质疑。这篇论文表明,肖像作为一种影响被描绘者的手段,以及通过肖像造成损害的可能性的想法——在19世纪,这导致了对所谓“地狱描绘图标”的恐慌——在俄罗斯仍然存在,并在20世纪90年代的道德恐慌中发挥了作用。
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引用次数: 0
Shamans, Bureaucrats, and Their Cosmologies: Local Religious Organisations in Buryatia and the Irkutsk Region 萨满、官僚及其宇宙:布里亚特和伊尔库茨克地区的地方宗教组织
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-51-39-71
M. Volkova
Over the course of the last 18 years, shamans in Buryatia and the Irkutsk Region have started to register “local religious organizations”. This development has transformed shamanism itself whilst also forcing the Ministry of Justice to articulate whether shamanism could be considered a religion. The article describes this process as an interactive loop: the classifiable (shamans) responds to the process of classification (state registration) and then changes that classification. The study hinges on two findings. First, the differences in the structure of shamanic organizations lead them to create fundamentally different ways of describing the world (classification systems). Secondly, some of these classifications align more closely with the language of the state. The author builds on the “grid and group” model by Mary Douglas, which is subsequently augmented with conceptual insights from Bernstein and Collins. The model makes it possible to highlight three types of organizations that respond differently to the language of state classification. The study is based on empirical data (40 interviews and participant observation) collected by the author during an expedition to Buryatia and the Irkutsk Region between December 2019 and January 2020.
在过去的18年里,布里亚特和伊尔库茨克地区的萨满开始注册“当地宗教组织”。这一发展改变了萨满教本身,同时也迫使司法部阐明萨满教是否可以被视为一种宗教。文章将这一过程描述为一个互动循环:可分类的(萨满)对分类过程(国家登记)做出反应,然后改变分类。这项研究基于两个发现。首先,萨满组织结构的差异导致他们创造了根本不同的描述世界的方式(分类系统)。其次,其中一些分类与国家语言更为一致。作者以玛丽·道格拉斯的“网格和群体”模型为基础,随后伯恩斯坦和柯林斯的概念见解对该模型进行了补充。该模型可以突出显示三种类型的组织,它们对国家分类语言的反应不同。该研究基于作者在2019年12月至2020年1月期间前往布里亚特和伊尔库茨克地区探险期间收集的经验数据(40次采访和参与者观察)。
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引用次数: 0
“FROM THE FOREST PASHA”: ON THE ETHNOLINGUISTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE NORTH RUSSIAN NAMES OF MUSHROOM AND BERRY DISHES “来自森林的帕夏”:北俄罗斯蘑菇和浆果菜肴名称的民族语言学解释
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-30-59
K. Osipova
The article discusses the dialect vocabulary associated with the traditions of food-gathering in the Russian North: specifically, the names of mushrooms and berries—reflecting the features of their preparation and culinary properties—and the names of dishes made from forest products. The article was based on dialect, folklore, and ethnographic data from the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, and Kostroma regions, including unpublished data collected by the toponymic expedition of the Ural Federal University. The article reveals the features of the categorization of forest products in the language of the North Russian peasants, local features of the plant diet, as well as the possible impact of the Finno-Ugric food culture. The ethnolinguistic approach involves taking into account the quantitative ratio of lexemes, ideographic, and areal analysis of vocabulary, identifying its semantic and motivational connections. The analysis of the material established that a significant range of linguistic units and folklore are associated with the topic of picking mushrooms and berries in the Russian North. Categories and concepts characteristic of the culture of gathering are identified: “number of mushrooms / berries collected at a time”, “forest hosts of mushrooms and berries”, “generic names of forest products” (vologa, oboshcha), and “especially valuable forest products” (tsarskie “royal” mushrooms, berries, fish). The names of mushrooms and berries indicate the methods of their preparation, nutritional properties, and composition. The names of the berry dishes reflect the influence of the Finno-Ugric culinary tradition (compare the possibly borrowed designations of flour cereals with berries—the Arkhangelsk words galagatka, kiprishikha, the Arkhangelsk and Vologda word lyas). Folklore texts and narratives preserve plots and ideas about gathering: men as typical mushroom pickers, children and girls are berry pickers, each village having its own territory for collection, the exclusion of strangers from certain locations, the local specialization of territories (e.g. Vologda-originated nicknames such as vologodskie ryzhiki, obabki, etc.), and others.
这篇文章讨论了与俄罗斯北方食物采集传统相关的方言词汇:特别是蘑菇和浆果的名称——反映了它们的制备和烹饪特性——以及森林产品制成的菜肴的名称。这篇文章基于阿尔汉格尔斯克、沃洛格达和科斯特罗马地区的方言、民俗学和人种学数据,包括乌拉尔联邦大学地名探险队收集的未发表的数据。本文揭示了北俄农民语言中森林产品分类的特点,植物饮食的当地特点,以及芬兰-乌戈尔饮食文化可能产生的影响。民族语言学方法包括考虑词汇的数量比、表意和区域分析,确定其语义和动机联系。对材料的分析表明,大量的语言单位和民间传说与在俄罗斯北部采摘蘑菇和浆果的主题有关。确定了采集文化的类别和概念:“一次采集的蘑菇/浆果数量”、“蘑菇和浆果的森林宿主”、“森林产品的通用名称”(vologa、oboshcha)和“特别有价值的森林产品”(tsarskie“皇家”蘑菇、浆果、鱼)。蘑菇和浆果的名称表明了它们的制备方法、营养特性和成分。浆果菜肴的名称反映了芬诺-乌戈尔烹饪传统的影响(将可能借用的面粉谷物名称与浆果进行比较——阿尔汉格尔斯克语单词galagatka、kiprishikha、阿尔汉格尔斯克语和沃洛格达语单词lyas)。民间传说文本和叙事保留了关于采集的情节和想法:男人是典型的蘑菇采摘者,儿童和女孩是浆果采摘者,每个村庄都有自己的采集领地,将陌生人排除在某些地点之外,领地的当地专业化(例如,沃洛格达起源的昵称,如vologodskie ryzhiki、obabki等),等等。
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引用次数: 0
MARSHALL SAHLINS: A SHINING STAR FOR SAILORS NAVIGATING THE OCEAN OF ANTHROPOLOGY 马歇尔·萨林斯:在人类学的海洋中航行的水手们的一颗闪亮的明星
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-243-247
J. Schmoller
Marshall Sahlins Obituary
Marshall Sahlins讣告
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引用次数: 0
A Review of RAY WILKINSON, JOHN P. RAE, GITTE RASMUSSEN (eds.), ATYPICAL INTERACTION: THE IMPACT OF COMMUNICATIVE IMPAIRMENTS WITHIN EVERYDAY TALK. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, XXIII+470 pp. 雷·威尔金森,约翰·P·雷,吉特·拉斯穆森(编辑),《非典型互动:日常谈话中沟通障碍的影响》。Cham:Palgrave Macmillan,2020,XXIII+470页。
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-207-222
Dmitry Kolyadov
The collection of articles under review includes conversation analytic studies of interactions involving the participation of at least one person with communicative impairments (aphasia, dementia, dysarthria, etc.). The authors concentrate on how these impairments influence interaction—the organization of repair in particular—as well as on issues of participants’ adaption to impairments, collaboration, the agency of people with impairments, and practices of face maintenance. Three more general issues connected to this field of study are discussed in the review. The first issue is a choice of analytic categories and the application of the category of repair. This category seems justified since participants frequently have to clarify the meaning of their partners’ actions. However, this choice may appear problematic if one does not take into account that interactions with people with impairments have their own progressivity, which differs from the progressivity of ordinary conversation. The second issue is the role of nonverbal actions, which is crucial in circumstances where some of the participants lack verbal resources. The third issue concerns the problem of the understanding which participants try to achieve in the course of interaction and which researchers try to achieve in the course of analysis. This task becomes more challenging in comparison to ordinary conversations. On the one hand, actions of persons with impairments are sometimes ambiguous and require special interpretative efforts from their partners. On the other hand, there is always a risk that the partner will interpret actions of impaired person inadequately.
本文收集的文章包括至少一个有交流障碍的人(失语症、痴呆、构音障碍等)参与的互动对话分析研究。作者专注于这些损伤如何影响互动——尤其是修复的组织——以及参与者对损伤的适应、协作、残疾人的代理和面部维护的实践等问题。本文还讨论了与这一研究领域有关的三个一般性问题。第一个问题是分析范畴的选择和修理范畴的应用。这种分类似乎是合理的,因为参与者经常需要澄清他们伴侣行为的意义。然而,如果一个人没有考虑到与有障碍的人的互动有自己的进步性,这与普通对话的进步性不同,这种选择可能会出现问题。第二个问题是非语言行为的作用,这在一些参与者缺乏语言资源的情况下是至关重要的。第三个问题涉及参与者在互动过程中试图达到的理解问题,以及研究者在分析过程中试图达到的理解问题。与普通对话相比,这个任务变得更具挑战性。一方面,残疾人的行为有时是模棱两可的,需要他们的伙伴作出特别的解释努力。另一方面,总是有一种风险,即伴侣会不适当地解释残疾人的行为。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Antropologicheskij Forum
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