Water Research X最新文献_第2页

The unexpected role of aged microplastics in inhibiting antibiotic resistance gene spread 老化微塑料在抑制抗生素耐药基因传播中的意外作用

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100464

Chaoran Li , Yelong He , Qifan Zhang , Lin Zhao , Zhonglai Zhou , Yuxiu Zhang , Pengpeng Yu , Min Xu

Microplastics (MPs) are known to promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through biofilm formation, pollutant co-selection, and enhanced horizontal gene transfer (HGT). However, emerging evidence suggests that aged microplastics (A-MPs) may, under certain conditions, exert inhibitory effects via two coupled mechanisms: radical-mediated suppression of cellular and extracellular DNA, and plasmid-level interference with replication and transfer. Photo-oxidative aging introduces oxygen-containing functional groups and enables the surface generation of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydroxyl radicals (•OH). These reactive intermediates can damage cell membranes, inhibit biofilm formation, and fragment extracellular DNA, reducing conjugation and transformation frequencies. Meanwhile, nanoscale or highly concentrated A-MPs can suppress plasmid replication, particularly of low-copy plasmids, and hinder donor. recipient contact through aggregation and spatial hindrance, thereby decreasing HGT efficiency. A concentration–size–replication relationship reconciles the duality of observed effects: smaller or low-dose MPs may transiently enhance permeability and uptake, whereas higher radical fluxes and aggregation shift systems toward inhibition. This review consolidates current evidence and proposes that the oxidative microenvironments associated with aged microplastics may indirectly constrain ARG dissemination, providing a new hypothesis and research direction for understanding their ecological role in antibiotic resistance dynamics.

已知微塑料（MPs）通过生物膜形成、污染物共选择和增强水平基因转移（HGT）促进抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的传播。然而，越来越多的证据表明，老化的微塑料（A-MPs）可能在一定条件下通过两种耦合机制发挥抑制作用：自由基介导的细胞和细胞外DNA的抑制，以及质粒水平对复制和转移的干扰。光氧化老化引入含氧官能团，使表面产生环境持久性自由基（EPFRs）和活性氧（ROS），特别是羟基自由基（•OH）。这些反应性中间体可以破坏细胞膜，抑制生物膜的形成，破坏细胞外DNA，降低偶联和转化频率。同时，纳米级或高浓度的A-MPs可以抑制质粒的复制，特别是低拷贝质粒的复制，并阻碍供体。受体通过聚集和空间阻碍接触，从而降低HGT效率。浓度-大小-复制关系调和了观察到的双重效应：较小或低剂量的MPs可能会暂时增强渗透性和摄取，而较高的自由基通量和聚集使系统转向抑制。本文综合现有证据，提出与老化微塑料相关的氧化微环境可能间接限制ARG的传播，为理解其在抗生素耐药动力学中的生态作用提供了新的假设和研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Structural optimization of water distribution systems in South Korea local cities facing depopulation driven hydraulic and water quality challenges 韩国地方城市配水系统结构优化，面临人口减少带来的水力和水质挑战

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2026.100498

Ryul Kim, Young Hwan Choi

In South Korea, rapid aging and regional decline have accelerated depopulation, creating significant challenges for the sustainable management of infrastructure systems. Therefore, small- and medium-sized cities in Korea are vulnerable, as declining demand threatens the long-term reliability of water distribution systems (WDSs). Traditional WDSs are conservatively designed with the expectation of population growth, leading to overcapacity when the demand decreases. This mismatch results in underutilized pipes, prolonged residence times, and associated hydraulic and water quality deterioration. To address these issues, this study introduces a structural reconfiguration framework that identifies and isolates nonessential pipes using spectral graph theory, followed by multi-objective optimization to balance efficiency and reliability. Extended period simulations indicate that demand reduction in peripheral areas accelerate chlorine decay and induce network-wide hydraulic imbalances. By closing redundant pipes and eliminating unnecessary pipes, the proposed approach reduces maintenance costs while improving the water quality performance. The findings highlight the structural drivers of WDS degradation under depopulation and provide an analytical framework that supports structural decision-making for urban water infrastructure under depopulation.

在韩国，快速老龄化和区域衰退加速了人口减少，为基础设施系统的可持续管理带来了重大挑战。因此，韩国的中小城市是脆弱的，因为需求下降威胁到供水系统（WDSs）的长期可靠性。传统的供水系统设计保守，预期人口增长，导致需求减少时产能过剩。这种不匹配导致管道未充分利用，滞留时间延长，以及相关的水力和水质恶化。为了解决这些问题，本研究引入了一种结构重构框架，该框架使用谱图理论识别和隔离非必需管道，然后进行多目标优化以平衡效率和可靠性。长时间的模拟表明，周边地区的需求减少加速了氯的衰变，并引起了整个网络的水力失衡。通过关闭多余的管道和消除不必要的管道，建议的方法降低了维护成本，同时改善了水质性能。研究结果强调了人口减少条件下WDS退化的结构性驱动因素，并为人口减少条件下城市水利基础设施的结构性决策提供了分析框架。

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引用次数: 0

Fusing multi-dimensional features with heterogeneous deep learning for robust dissolved oxygen prediction and control-oriented regulation analysis in complex lakes 基于异构深度学习的复杂湖泊溶解氧鲁棒预测与控制调控分析

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2026.100501

Mengyao An , Qiang Liu , Zhaocai Wang , Yecang Chen

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a fundamental indicator for aquatic ecological health and algal bloom early warning. To address the limitations of existing models in capturing multi-scale features and their reliance on empirical parameter tuning, this study proposes a novel integrated framework. First, a four-dimensional feature system incorporating target, peripheral, upstream, and meteorological variables is constructed. Second, the original DO series is decomposed into long-term trends and short-term fluctuations using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN). An Improved Dung Beetle Optimization algorithm (IDBO) automatically optimizes the hyperparameters of VMD and the subsequent Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The model employs a heterogeneous architecture where CNN extracts localized short-term features and an Improved Transformer (iTransformer) captures long-term dependencies. Experimental results at Lake Taihu and Dongting Lake sites demonstrate superior performance, with R² values reaching 0.9968 and 0.9942, significantly outperforming baseline models. Ablation studies confirm the substantial contributions of dual-modal decomposition and IDBO optimization. Furthermore, a stair-step water temperature control-oriented mechanism is established as a model-driven hypothetical control strategy, which proactively modulates DO levels by introducing a constant C. Setting C = 3 significantly increased the appropriate DO compliance rates from 30.3% and 74.7% to 61.9% and 97.2% at the two sites, respectively. This research provides a reliable closed-loop control-oriented technical pathway from precise prediction to active management for lake water quality, with the control-oriented mechanism based on the significant associative relationship between water temperature and DO rather than formal statistical causal inference.

溶解氧（DO）是水体生态健康和藻华预警的基本指标。为了解决现有模型在捕获多尺度特征方面的局限性以及它们对经验参数调整的依赖，本研究提出了一个新的集成框架。首先，构建了包含目标变量、周边变量、上游变量和气象变量的四维特征体系。其次，利用变分模态分解（VMD）和带自适应噪声的完全集合经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）将原始DO序列分解为长期趋势和短期波动。一种改进的屎壳虫优化算法（IDBO）自动优化VMD的超参数和后续的卷积神经网络（CNN）。该模型采用异构架构，其中CNN提取局部短期特征，改进的变压器（ittransformer）捕获长期依赖关系。太湖和洞庭湖试验点的R²值分别达到0.9968和0.9942，显著优于基线模型。烧蚀研究证实了双峰分解和IDBO优化的重要贡献。建立了以阶梯水温控制为导向的模型驱动的假设控制策略，通过引入恒定的C来主动调节DO水平。当C = 3时，两个试验点的DO合规率分别从30.3%和74.7%显著提高到61.9%和97.2%。本研究为湖泊水质从精确预测到主动管理提供了一条可靠的闭环控制技术路径，其控制机制基于水温与DO之间的显著关联关系，而非形式化的统计因果推断。

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引用次数: 0

Polystyrene nanoplastics modulate the transformation of silver ions in the dark: Key role of environmentally persistent free radicals 聚苯乙烯纳米塑料在黑暗中调节银离子的转化：环境持久性自由基的关键作用

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2026.100502

Peng Duan , Dandan Shi , Zhoujie Jang , Yujie Jin , Chunhui Hu , Weicheng Zhang

The co-occurrence of nanoplastics (NPs) and Ag⁺ has drawn public attention, and NPs-driven transformation of Ag⁺ has been widely documented under sunlight. However, the role of NPs in Ag⁺ transformation remains poorly understood under dark conditions. We found that environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) generated on polystyrene (PS) NPs surfaces in dark are fundamentally distinct from those formed under sunlight. The Ag⁺ markedly amplified EPFR formation and accelerated oxidative aging of PS NPs, as reflected by a higher carbonyl index compared with PS NPs alone (CI; 0.313 vs 0.107). Moreover, these EPFRs drive Ag⁺ transformation in the dark. Specifically, the EPFRs reduce Ag⁺ to Ag⁰ nanoparticles (k_reduction = 2.7 × 10^‒3 d^‒1), either via direct electron transfer or indirectly by generating O₂^•− as the primary reductant that subsequently drives Ag⁺ reduction. These EPFRs can further oxidize newly formed Ag⁰ to Ag₂O nanoparticles by generating ¹O₂, and •OH, yielding Ag⁰/Ag₂O hetero-nanoparticles. Correspondingly, this NPs-mediated change in Ag speciation significantly suppressed Ag accumulation and alleviated oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae in natural waters, thereby significantly increasing 8-h survival (56.7% vs 40.0% for Ag⁺ alone; p < 0.05). Therefore, the presence of PS NPs should be explicitly considered when assessing Ag⁺ risks in natural aquatic ecosystems, including under dark conditions.

纳米塑料（NPs）和Ag+的共存引起了公众的关注，NPs驱动的Ag+转化已经在阳光下被广泛记录。然而，在黑暗条件下，NPs在Ag+转化中的作用仍然知之甚少。我们发现在黑暗环境下聚苯乙烯（PS） NPs表面产生的环境持久性自由基（EPFRs）与在阳光下形成的自由基有着根本的区别。Ag+显著增加了PS NPs的EPFR形成，加速了PS NPs的氧化老化，与单独使用PS NPs相比，其羰基指数更高（CI; 0.313 vs 0.107）。此外，这些epfr在黑暗中驱动Ag+转变。具体来说，EPFRs通过直接电子转移或间接产生O2•-作为主要还原剂，随后驱动Ag+还原，将Ag+还原为Ag0纳米粒子（kreduction = 2.7 × 10-3 d-1）。这些EPFRs可以通过生成1O2和•OH将新形成的Ag0进一步氧化为Ag2O纳米颗粒，生成Ag0/Ag2O异源纳米颗粒。相应的，这种nps介导的Ag形态变化显著抑制了天然水域斑马鱼幼鱼体内Ag的积累，减轻了氧化应激，从而显著提高了8 h存活率（Ag+单独组为56.7%比40.0%;p < 0.05）。因此，在评估天然水生生态系统（包括黑暗条件下）中银+的风险时，应明确考虑PS NPs的存在。

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引用次数: 0

Membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) enabling optimal H2 delivery and supporting minimal nutrient supplementation to hydrogenotrophic biofilms 膜生物膜反应器（MBfR）能够实现最佳的H2输送，并支持向氢营养生物膜补充最少的营养

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2026.100507

Shih-Hsuan Lin , Philipp Kuntke , Sanne M. de Smit , Hubertus V.M. Hamelers , Maria Cristina Gagliano

The hydrogenotrophic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen (H₂) gases to methane (CH₄), presents a viable alternative to fossil-based natural gas. While different bioreactors have been investigated, the key challenge in these systems is overcoming mass transfer limitations of H₂ to hydrogenotrophic archaea due to its low solubility. Ideally, optimal H₂ bioavailability is achieved at thermophilic temperatures, directly feeding the gas to the biomass. In this study, a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) with gas-permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes was designed to support methanogenic biofilm formation and enhance CO₂ and H₂ conversion under minimal mixing conditions, in a closed-loop and without additional nutrients supplementation. Over the 437-day operation, a thick, proteins-rich biofilm developed on the membrane. High-purity methane (≈95 %) was produced, and a >95 % conversion efficiency to methane was achieved for CO₂ and H₂. The MBfR sustained high methane production 397 days without additional nutrient supply, and reach the highest methane production rate of 24.3 L·m^-2·day^-1 after trace element supplementation, likely replenishing molybdenum. In both biofilm and mixed liquor, the microbial community was dominated by the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter together with a new Hydrothermae spp. bacterium, likely utilizing H₂ and CO₂ for homoacetogenesis and/or fermenting detrital biomass. The stable microbial community functions ensured a complete anaerobic digestion metabolic chain, allowing for nutrients recycling and metals mobilization. The MBfR design presented in this study offers a promising strategy for scalable, energy-efficient biological methanation optimizing H₂ utilization with minimal nutrient input.

将二氧化碳（CO2）和氢气（H2）气体转化为甲烷（CH4）是替代化石天然气的一种可行方法。虽然已经研究了不同的生物反应器，但这些系统的关键挑战是克服H2对氢营养古菌的传质限制，因为它的溶解度低。理想情况下，最佳的H2生物利用度是在亲热温度下实现的，直接将氢气供给生物质。在本研究中，设计了一个膜生物膜反应器（MBfR），该反应器采用透气性聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）膜，以支持产甲烷生物膜的形成，并在最小的混合条件下，在闭环中提高CO2和H2的转化，无需额外的营养补充。在437天的手术中，细胞膜上形成了一层厚厚的富含蛋白质的生物膜。产高纯度甲烷（≈95%），CO2和H2转化为甲烷的效率达到95%。在不补充营养的情况下，MBfR的高产甲烷持续了397 d，添加微量元素后的最高甲烷产量为24.3 L·m-2·d -1，可能是补充了钼。在生物膜和混合液中，微生物群落以产氢产甲烷菌（Methanothermobacter）和一种新的产氢菌（Hydrothermae spp.）为主，可能利用H2和CO2进行同质发酵和/或发酵碎屑生物质。稳定的微生物群落功能确保了一个完整的厌氧消化代谢链，允许养分循环和金属动员。本研究提出的MBfR设计提供了一种有前景的策略，可以在最小的养分投入下优化氢气利用，实现可扩展、节能的生物甲烷化。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization framework for urban flood mitigation strategies considering collaborative drainage mechanisms 考虑协同排水机制的城市防洪策略优化框架

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100474

Qiang Liu , Fengjiao Zhao , Chuanxing Zheng , Jijian Lian , Zhixiang Da , Maozhi Duan

With rapid urbanization, urban flooding has become increasingly severe, challenging conventional drainage systems. This study proposes an optimization framework for collaborative urban drainage that integrates Urban Micro-Watercourses (UMW), Low Impact Development (LID) facilities, and conventional drainage networks into a unified multi-level regulation system. The framework consists of two core modules: (1) an intelligent optimization module for LID facility planning, automatically determining optimal allocation ratios to maximize hydrological control; and (2) a layout optimization module for UMW, dynamically refining the spatial configuration of UMW networks to enhance collaborative drainage capacity. By establishing coordinated coupling among LID facilities, UMW networks, and conventional drainage systems, the framework enables integrated operation and resource sharing across subsystems, improving overall system performance and resilience. The parallelized framework led to a 46.8-fold increase in LID optimization efficiency and a 192.3-fold increase in UMW optimization efficiency. A case study in the Fangzhuang area of Beijing, under extreme rainfall scenarios with 5-, 10-, and 50-year return periods, showed total accumulated water volume reduced by 51.2 %–68.1 % and overflow points decreased by 18.1 %–73.3 %. Compared with the optimal LID scheme, the UMW–LID–pipe network coupling further reduced water volume by 7.85 %–21.77 % and overflow points by up to 64.94 %, substantially alleviating pressure on drainage infrastructure. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework provides an innovative and scalable approach for sustainable urban stormwater management and flood resilience.

随着城市化的快速发展，城市洪水日益严重，对传统的排水系统构成了挑战。本研究提出了一个协同城市排水的优化框架，该框架将城市微水道（UMW）、低影响开发（LID）设施和传统排水网络整合为一个统一的多层次调节系统。该框架包括两个核心模块：(1)LID设施规划智能优化模块，自动确定最优配置比例，实现水文控制最大化；(2) UMW布局优化模块，动态细化UMW网络空间配置，增强协同排水能力。通过在LID设施、UMW网络和传统排水系统之间建立协调耦合，该框架可以实现子系统之间的集成操作和资源共享，从而提高整体系统性能和弹性。并行化框架使LID优化效率提高46.8倍，UMW优化效率提高192.3倍。以北京方庄地区为例，在5年、10年和50年极端降水情景下，累计水量减少了51.2% ~ 68.1%，溢流点减少了18.1% ~ 73.3%。与最优LID方案相比，umw - LID -管网耦合进一步减少了7.85% - 21.77%的水量和64.94%的溢流点，大大减轻了排水基础设施的压力。结果表明，所提出的框架为可持续城市雨水管理和洪水抵御能力提供了一种创新和可扩展的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Tiered genotoxicity testing of enriched river water samples using zebrafish in vitro and in vivo models: A Joint Danube Survey 4 case study 利用斑马鱼体外和体内模型对富营养化河水样本进行分层遗传毒性测试：联合多瑙河调查4案例研究

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2026.100488

Margareta Kračun-Kolarević , Bojana Žegura , Katja Kološa , Jovana Jovanović Marić , Andrea Novaković , Peter Oswald , Martina Oswaldova , Jaroslav Slobodnik , Nikiforos Alygizakis , Momir Paunović , Marija Ilić , Branka Vuković-Gačić , Stoimir Kolarević

The increasing complexity of aquatic pollution, dominated by diverse and often uncharacterized chemical mixtures, challenges traditional monitoring approaches. In this study, we assessed the genotoxic potential of surface water samples collected during the Joint Danube Survey 4 (JDS4) using large-volume solid-phase extraction (LVSPE) combined with a comprehensive battery of bioassays. Twenty-three enriched water samples from the Danube River and its major tributaries were evaluated for genotoxicity using a tiered testing strategy comprising the SOS/umuC assay, zebrafish liver (ZFL) cell-based assays (cytotoxicity, comet assay, cell cycle), and zebrafish embryo assays. While no genotoxicity was detected in the prokaryotic SOS/umuC assay, ZFL assays revealed significant DNA damage in 16 out of 23 samples, with notable genotoxicity observed in samples from the middle Danube section. In contrast, no teratogenic effects were observed in zebrafish embryo assays at concentrations up to REF100. These findings demonstrate the superior sensitivity of ZFL cells compared to both prokaryotic and in vivo embryo models. The study also highlights a critical gap in available genotoxicity data for detected substances, emphasizing the need for standardized databases and testing frameworks. Overall, our results support zebrafish-based in vitro assays as effective tools for effect-based monitoring, providing early warnings of genotoxic pollution in complex aquatic environments.

水生污染的复杂性日益增加，主要是各种各样的，往往是没有特征的化学混合物，挑战了传统的监测方法。在这项研究中，我们使用大体积固相萃取（LVSPE）结合一系列综合生物测定方法，评估了多瑙河联合调查4 （JDS4）期间收集的地表水样品的遗传毒性潜力。采用分层测试策略对来自多瑙河及其主要支流的23个富集水样进行遗传毒性评估，该测试策略包括SOS/umuC试验、基于斑马鱼肝脏（ZFL）细胞的试验（细胞毒性、彗星试验、细胞周期）和斑马鱼胚胎试验。虽然在原核生物SOS/umuC实验中未检测到遗传毒性，但ZFL实验显示，23个样本中有16个样本存在明显的DNA损伤，在多瑙河中段的样本中观察到明显的遗传毒性。相比之下，在浓度高达REF100的斑马鱼胚胎试验中未观察到致畸效应。这些发现表明，与原核和体内胚胎模型相比，ZFL细胞具有更高的敏感性。该研究还强调了在检测到的物质的现有遗传毒性数据方面存在的严重差距，强调需要标准化数据库和测试框架。总的来说，我们的研究结果支持斑马鱼体外检测作为有效的监测工具，在复杂的水生环境中提供基因毒性污染的早期预警。

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引用次数: 0

Depth-partitioned nitrogen uptake sustained by ammonium in a nitrate-rich reservoir 富硝酸盐储层中由铵维持的深度分割氮吸收

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2026.100508

Moyang Li , Xiaoyu Guo , Zifu Xu , Xianhui S. Wan , Lianghao Ge , Wenbin Zou , Jun Yang , Li-Li Han , Min Xu , Shuh-Ji Kao

Thermal stratification in inland waters creates pronounced physicochemical gradients, yet a quantitative, depth-resolved understanding of how these gradients regulate nitrogen (N) dynamics remains lacking. Here, we conducted a two-year, depth-resolved study in a subtropical reservoir, quantifying uptake of ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃^-), and urea using the ¹⁵N tracer labeling technique. Although NO₃^- is the dominant component of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) pool in the euphotic zone, NH₄⁺ consistently sustained the majority of N assimilation, exceeding NO₃^- and urea uptake by approximately 7- and 11-fold, respectively, resulting in rapid NH₄⁺ turnover (median τ≈4 days). Vertically, we observed a distinct three-layer structure of nitrogen assimilation along the light gradient: (1) phytoplankton preferentially utilized NH₄⁺ and urea under high irradiance in the surface layer; (2) NO₃^- uptake peaked near the base of the euphotic zone, likely associated with low-light adapted diatoms; and (3) in the aphotic layer, substantial NH₄⁺ assimilation persisted but decoupled from carbon fixation, indicating NH₄⁺ consumption by heterotrophs. Our results provide a quantitative framework that refines our current view of nitrogen cycling in stratified inland waters and challenges concentration-based views of nutrient limitation. We demonstrate that effective management of eutrophication in stratified systems must account for N speciation, vertical stratification, and the distinct roles of autotrophic and heterotrophic communities.

内陆水域的热分层产生了明显的物理化学梯度，但对这些梯度如何调节氮(N)动力学的定量、深度理解仍然缺乏。在这里，我们在亚热带水库进行了为期两年的深度分辨研究，使用15N示踪标记技术量化铵（NH4+），硝酸盐（NO3-）和尿素的吸收。虽然NO3-是光合区溶解无机氮（DIN）池的主要成分，但NH4+持续维持大部分N同化，分别超过NO3-和尿素吸收约7-和11倍，导致NH4+快速周转（中位数τ≈4天）。在垂直方向上，浮游植物的氮同化沿光梯度呈明显的三层结构：(1)在高辐照条件下，浮游植物优先利用表层NH4+和尿素；(2) NO3-吸收在光带底部附近达到峰值，可能与适应弱光的硅藻有关；(3)在无氧层，大量的NH4+同化持续存在，但与碳固定分离，表明异养生物消耗了NH4+。我们的研究结果提供了一个定量框架，完善了我们目前对分层内陆水域氮循环的看法，并挑战了基于浓度的营养限制观点。我们证明，在分层系统中，富营养化的有效管理必须考虑到N物种形成、垂直分层以及自养和异养群落的不同作用。

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引用次数: 0

From adsorption to leaching: assessing micropollutants removal and contaminants release by household filter jugs 从吸附到浸出：评估家用过滤器去除微污染物和释放污染物

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2026.100489

Léa Nowak , Nicola Bosisio , Loïc Sartori , Jérémy Beaud , Anne Onidi , Lionel Cretegny , Camille Rime , Davide Staedler , Fiorella Lucarini

Ensuring the chemical safety of drinking water has become a growing concern as traditional pollutants are increasingly accompanied by emerging contaminants, including pharmaceuticals and other anthropogenic organic contaminants, as well as high-concern substances such as bisphenols and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Household filter jugs are widely promoted as a convenient solution to improve water quality, yet their actual performance and material safety remain insufficiently characterized. This study provides a comparative evaluation of six representative filtration systems available on the European market, focusing on their capacity to remove organic micropollutants while assessing possible leaching of polymer-associated substances. Results revealed marked differences in efficiency: four of the tested filter jugs achieved high removal rates whereas the remaining two systems showed limited performance. The limited removal of short-chain PFAS confirmed their lower adsorption affinity for hydrophobic sorbents, a pattern consistent with previous studies. Leaching analyses showed that some devices released manufacturing additives, including organophosphate esters, benzothiazole, and PFAS. From a toxicological perspective, PFAS released from certain devices contributed measurably to overall PFAS exposure, particularly in children, although calculated margins of exposure remained above safety thresholds. In addition, BPA was detected in one filtrate, indicating that filter materials can act as secondary contamination sources. Overall, the findings demonstrate that while household filters can effectively reduce chemical exposure, their performance is highly variable and may involve trade-offs between contaminant removal and material-related release. These results emphasize the need to expand certification standards.

随着传统污染物越来越多地伴随着新出现的污染物，包括药品和其他人为有机污染物，以及双酚类、全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质等高度关注物质，确保饮用水的化学安全已成为一个日益受到关注的问题。家用滤壶作为一种方便的改善水质的解决方案被广泛推广，但其实际性能和材料安全性仍然缺乏充分的研究。本研究对欧洲市场上六种具有代表性的过滤系统进行了比较评估，重点关注它们去除有机微污染物的能力，同时评估聚合物相关物质的可能浸出。结果显示了显著的效率差异：四个测试过滤器达到了很高的去除率，而剩下的两个系统表现出有限的性能。短链PFAS的有限去除证实了它们对疏水吸附剂的低吸附亲和力，这与先前的研究一致。浸出分析表明，一些设备释放出制造添加剂，包括有机磷酸酯、苯并噻唑和PFAS。从毒理学的角度来看，从某些装置释放的PFAS对总体PFAS暴露有可测量的贡献，特别是在儿童中，尽管计算的暴露边际仍高于安全阈值。此外，在一个滤液中检测到BPA，表明过滤材料可能是二次污染源。总的来说，研究结果表明，虽然家用过滤器可以有效地减少化学物质的暴露，但它们的性能变化很大，可能涉及污染物去除和物质相关释放之间的权衡。这些结果强调了扩大认证标准的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-Anode electrochemical strategy enabling struvite-based nutrient recovery coupled with antibiotic degradation 双阳极电化学策略使鸟粪石为基础的营养回收与抗生素降解耦合

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2026.100503

Xin Zhang , Runhua Wang , Yang Lei

Livestock wastewater typically contains high concentrations of nutrients and antibiotics that are difficult to remove, posing serious environmental risks. This study proposed a dual-anode electrochemical system (DA-EMSP), which simultaneously integrates a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode for sulfadiazine (SD) degradation and a sacrificial magnesium (Mg) anode for struvite precipitation. The DA-EMSP system achieved 58.8% SD degradation and 98% phosphorus (P) recovery within 72 min of operation. However, the in-situ formation of struvite was found to hinder SD degradation efficiency, likely due to the adsorption and physical shielding of SD by the struvite precipitates. To address this, a multi-stage operation strategy was developed to conduct oxidation and precipitation sequentially. The results revealed that sequential oxidation followed by precipitation (Seq-O/P) achieved the highest SD degradation efficiency (77.6%) while maintaining complete P recovery (100%). Further analysis showed that increasing the BDD current significantly improved SD degradation (up to 93%) without significantly impacting bulk pH or Mg²⁺ release. With flexible circuit control and dual-functionality, the DA-EMSP system demonstrates strong potential as a post-treatment strategy for livestock wastewater containing both antibiotics and nutrient pollutants.

牲畜废水通常含有高浓度的营养物和抗生素，难以去除，构成严重的环境风险。本研究提出了一种双阳极电化学系统（DA-EMSP），该系统同时集成了一个用于磺胺嘧啶（SD）降解的掺硼金刚石（BDD）阳极和一个用于鸟粪石沉淀的牺牲镁（Mg）阳极。DA-EMSP系统在72分钟内实现了58.8%的SD降解和98%的磷(P)回收率。然而，发现鸟粪石的原位形成阻碍了SD的降解效率，这可能是由于鸟粪石沉淀对SD的吸附和物理屏蔽。为了解决这个问题，开发了一种多阶段操作策略，依次进行氧化和沉淀。结果表明，顺序氧化-沉淀法（Seq-O/P）在保持磷完全回收率（100%）的情况下，对SD的降解效率最高（77.6%）。进一步的分析表明，增加BDD电流可以显著改善SD降解（高达93%），而不会显著影响体pH或Mg 2⁺的释放量。DA-EMSP系统具有灵活的电路控制和双重功能，具有很强的潜力，可以作为含有抗生素和营养性污染物的牲畜废水的后处理策略。

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引用次数: 0