Water Research X最新文献_第10页

narG, rather than napA, mediates aerobic nitrate reduction process in Pseudomonas putida Y-9 narG，而不是napA，在恶臭假单胞菌Y-9中介导好氧硝酸盐还原过程

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100437

Yuwen Luo , Luo Luo , Xuejiao Huang , Daihua Jiang , Zhenlun Li

Pseudomonas putida Y-9 simultaneously performs assimilatory nitrate reduction (ANRA), dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and denitrification under aerobic conditions, among which ANRA and DNRA enhance nitrogen retention in ecosystems. However, the key genes involved in the process of nitrate (NO₃⁻-N) reduction remain elusive. In this study, the nitrate reductase-encoding genes napA- or narG-knockout mutants of P. putida Y-9 were constructed to elucidate their roles in nitrogen transformation. The NO₃⁻-N removal efficiency of napA mutant was 88.59% with comparable to the wild-type (87.24%), whereas the growth and NO₃⁻-N reduction of the narG mutant were severely impaired. ¹⁵N isotope experiments demonstrated that narG is essential for both DNRA and ANRA pathways. napA- and narG-deficient mutants showed lower nitrite (NO₂⁻-N) removal efficiencies (82.30 and 83.86%, respectively) than the wild-type (97.00%). Although both mutants completely removed ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), less NH₄⁺-N was oxidized into gaseous nitrogen (11.96 and 13.16%, respectively) than the wild-type (22.89%). Meanwhile, glnA (regulating NH₄⁺-N assimilation) was significantly upregulated in both mutants. Hence, narG is responsible for the aerobic reduction of NO₃⁻-N to NO₂⁻-N in P. putida Y-9, thereby influencing ANRA, DNRA, and denitrification, whereas napA shows functional redundancy in these pathways. Mutation of either napA or narG impairs NO₂⁻-N reduction but promotes NH₄⁺-N assimilation. These findings provide the first genetic evidence that narG facilitates aerobic NO₃⁻-N reduction in Pseudomonas spp., advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of napA and narG in the nitrogen cycle.

恶臭假单胞菌Y-9在好氧条件下同时进行同化性硝酸盐还原（ANRA）、异化性硝酸盐还原为铵态氮（DNRA）和反硝化作用，其中ANRA和DNRA增强了生态系统中的氮潴留。然而，参与硝酸盐（NO3−-N）还原过程的关键基因仍不清楚。本研究构建了putida Y-9的硝酸还原酶编码基因napA或narg敲除突变体，以阐明其在氮转化中的作用。突变体napA的NO3−-N去除率为88.59%，与野生型（87.24%）相当，而突变体narG的生长和NO3−-N还原受到严重损害。15N同位素实验表明，narG在DNRA和ANRA通路中都是必需的。缺乏napA和narg的突变体对亚硝酸盐（NO2−- n）的去除率分别为82.30%和83.86%，低于野生型（97.00%）。虽然两个突变体完全去除了铵态氮（NH4+-N），但NH4+-N被氧化成气态氮的比例（分别为11.96%和13.16%）低于野生型（22.89%）。同时，glnA（调节NH4+-N同化）在两个突变体中均显著上调。因此，narG负责p.p putida Y-9中NO3−-N的好氧还原为NO2−-N，从而影响ANRA， DNRA和反硝化，而napA在这些途径中显示功能冗余。napA或narG的突变都会损害NO2−-N的还原，但会促进NH4+-N的同化。这些发现提供了narG促进假单胞菌好氧NO3−-N还原的第一个遗传学证据，促进了我们对napA和narG在氮循环中的分子机制的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Spontaneous enhancement of nitrate assimilation facilitates the adaptation of anaerobic microbiome to hyperosmotic stress by promoting osmoprotectants synthesis 硝酸盐同化的自发增强通过促进渗透保护剂的合成，促进厌氧微生物组对高渗胁迫的适应

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100447

Fei Han , Yiting Guo , Shuhui Zhang , Mengru Zhang , Chuanfu Zhao , Wenhao Zhang , Qinyang Li , Weizhi Zhou

The biotransformation of nitrate (NO₃⁻-N), one of the main reactive nitrogen (N) types produced by human activities, is profoundly changing global climate and biodiversity. In human N-managed systems, NO₃⁻-N transformation is often disturbed by salinity fluctuations in wastewater, ranging from 1 % to 3.5 %. As an important component of central nutrient metabolism, NO₃⁻-N metabolism may facilitate the adaptation of freshwater microorganisms to withstand hypertonic stress, yet the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that increasing salinity redistributed NO₃⁻-N transformation pathways and fluxes of freshwater anaerobic sludge, causing over 70 % declines in both NO₃⁻-N and total nitrogen removal efficiency, despite sufficient organic carbon and prolonged domestication time are provided. Denitrification dominated NO₃⁻-N transformation at a salinity <2 %, whereas assimilatory nitrate reduction outperformed denitrification and contributed an average of 53 % to NO₃⁻-N removal within the salinity range of 2–3 %. Salinity levels ≥2 % also triggered steep microbial biomass and diversity losses. Metagenomics revealed that the abundance of genes linked to denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium declined with rising salinity, while genes coding for nitrite assimilation and the synthesis and transport of osmoprotectants were up-regulated compared to low salinity conditions. Additionally, species harboring nitrogen assimilation genes nasE, glnA, and gdhA were enriched as salinity increased from 0 % to 3 %. These results highlighted that spontaneous enhancement of N assimilation facilitates amino acid metabolism and osmoprotectants synthesis, thereby reinforcing the metabolic adaptation of freshwater anaerobic communities to hyperosmotic stress. These findings offer new perspectives on the coupling of microbial nitrogen metabolism and osmoregulatory mechanisms.

硝酸氮（NO3−-N）是人类活动产生的主要活性氮(N)类型之一，其生物转化正在深刻改变全球气候和生物多样性。在人类氮管理系统中，NO3−-N的转化经常受到废水中盐度波动的干扰，范围从1%到3.5%。NO3−-N代谢作为中心营养物质代谢的重要组成部分，可能促进淡水微生物适应高渗胁迫，但其调控机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们证明了盐度的增加重新分配了淡水厌氧污泥的NO3−-N转化途径和通量，导致NO3−-N和总氮去除效率下降超过70%，尽管提供了足够的有机碳和延长驯化时间。在盐度为2%时，反硝化作用主导了NO3−-N的转化，而同化硝酸盐还原作用优于反硝化作用，在盐度为2 - 3%的范围内平均贡献了53%的NO3−-N去除率。盐度水平≥2%也会导致微生物生物量和多样性急剧下降。宏基因组学显示，与反硝化和异化硝态氮还原成铵相关的基因丰度随着盐度的升高而下降，而与亚硝酸盐同化和渗透保护剂合成和运输相关的基因丰度与低盐度条件相比上调。此外，当盐度从0%增加到3%时，含有氮同化基因nasE、glnA和gdhA的物种富集。这些结果表明，氮同化的自发增强促进了氨基酸代谢和渗透保护剂的合成，从而增强了淡水厌氧群落对高渗胁迫的代谢适应。这些发现为研究微生物氮代谢与渗透调节机制的耦合提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

The important role of controlling water velocity and benthic fish in lake eutrophication restoration 控制流速和底栖鱼类在湖泊富营养化恢复中的重要作用

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100449

Weijie Li , Yu Lin , Xiaoxu Wu , Songbo Wang , Junshuang Yu , Yutai Dai , Jiping Chen , Sai Ding , Qiang Gao , Bingbing Liang , Ling Li , Hong Shen , Chi Zhou , Xuan Chen , Xuwei Deng

Eutrophication has emerged as a significant environmental challenge confronting freshwater lakes globally, largely driven by increased human activities. This study utilizes a combination of in situ simulations and field validation experiments to systematically evaluate the disturbance effects induced by water velocity and benthic fish on lake water quality and aquatic vegetation. We explore the potential of managing water velocity and benthic fish as effective ecological technologies to mitigate endogenous pollution, enhance lake water quality, and promote the growth of submerged plants. Our findings demonstrate that the disturbance of two factors lead to a substantial increase in suspended particulate matter (SPM) ranging between 2 and 10 μm, which is the primary cause of diminished water transparency and the yellowing of water color. Notably, there is a critical velocity threshold under the conditions of this study: between 0.6 × 10 ⁻³ m/s to 1.2 × 10 ⁻³ m/s, algal growth is inhibited, whereas sediment resuspension occurs at flow velocities ranging from 1.2 × 10 ⁻³ m/s to 1.8 × 10 ⁻³ m/s. Our results indicate that reducing flow rates and controlling benthic fish populations can significantly lower fine particle concentrations, decrease nutrient levels, and mitigate algal biomass and odor release, thereby fostering the growth of submerged aquatic vegetation (e.g. Vallisneria natans). These findings offer valuable insights for the ecological management of similar lakes and provide essential guidance for the restoration and protection of comparable ecosystems.

富营养化已成为全球淡水湖面临的重大环境挑战，主要是由人类活动增加造成的。本研究采用原位模拟和现场验证实验相结合的方法，系统评价了流速和底栖鱼类对湖泊水质和水生植被的干扰效应。我们探索了控制流速和底栖鱼类作为有效生态技术的潜力，以减轻内源污染，改善湖泊水质，促进水下植物的生长。结果表明，两种因素的干扰导致水体中悬浮颗粒物（SPM）在2 ~ 10 μm范围内大量增加，这是导致水体透明度降低和水色变黄的主要原因。值得注意的是，在本研究条件下存在一个临界流速阈值：在0.6 × 10−3 m/s到1.2 × 10−3 m/s之间，藻类生长受到抑制，而在1.2 × 10−3 m/s到1.8 × 10−3 m/s的流速范围内，沉积物发生再悬浮。我们的研究结果表明，降低流速和控制底栖鱼类种群数量可以显著降低细颗粒物浓度，降低营养水平，减少藻类生物量和气味释放，从而促进水下水生植被（如水蛭）的生长。这些发现为类似湖泊的生态管理提供了有价值的见解，并为类似生态系统的恢复和保护提供了重要的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Ageing underground water pipelines: Time-to-failure models, gaps and future directions 老化地下水管道：失效时间模型、缺口和未来方向

IF 7.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100331

Beenish Bakhtawar , Tarek Zayed , Ibrahim Abdelfadeel Shaban , Nehal Elshaboury , Abdul-Mugis Yussif

Accurate prediction of the failure time of individual pipelines of a water distribution network can assist in preventing sudden bursts and leaks. Failure prediction over time can help eliminate managerial uncertainty in pipe rehabilitation and replacement decision-making. Since time-based deterioration modeling has less focus in past research, the study focuses on a critical review of the current state-of-the-art for time-to-failure/failure age models related to water pipelines. A unique unsupervised learning-based clustering framework is used to perform an in-depth and robust literature analysis. Hierarchical clustering reveals the main modeling approaches, classified as 1) physical data-based models and 2) historical data-based failure models. Critical research gaps are further explored using t-SNE and Gaussian Mixture Models based clustering. Identified gaps include fragmented modeling approaches, lack of integration between physical and data-driven models, limited data related issues, and a lack of insight on practical translation of model findings for effective utility management. Future studies can consider several integration strategies to overcome individual model limitations, use of generative AI to enrich data, IoT implementation for physical data collection, improve feature engineering and feature extraction efforts, and consider domain knowledge from hydraulic models to improve AI models. Overall, the study offers practical insights for predicting the remaining time-to-failure and service life of water pipelines.

准确预测配水管网各个管道的故障时间有助于防止突发性爆裂和泄漏。随着时间的推移，故障预测可以帮助消除管道修复和更换决策中的管理不确定性。由于基于时间的劣化建模在过去的研究中较少受到关注，因此本研究重点对与输水管道相关的失效时间/失效年龄模型的当前技术进行了批判性回顾。一个独特的基于无监督学习的聚类框架被用来进行深入和稳健的文献分析。分层聚类揭示了主要的建模方法，分为1)基于物理数据的模型和2)基于历史数据的故障模型。使用基于t-SNE和高斯混合模型的聚类进一步探索关键的研究空白。已确定的差距包括支离破碎的建模方法、缺乏物理模型和数据驱动模型之间的集成、有限的数据相关问题，以及缺乏对有效公用事业管理的模型发现的实际翻译的洞察力。未来的研究可以考虑几种集成策略来克服单个模型的局限性，使用生成式AI来丰富数据，物联网实现物理数据收集，改进特征工程和特征提取工作，并考虑来自水力模型的领域知识来改进AI模型。总的来说，该研究为预测供水管道的剩余故障时间和使用寿命提供了实用的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-scale variance partitioning reveals hidden regional connectivity in groundwater contamination: Implications for drinking water security 多尺度方差划分揭示地下水污染的区域连通性：对饮用水安全的影响

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100409

Acme Afrin Jahan , Do Hwan Jeong , Jae Uk Youn , Tae Kwon Lee , MoonSu Kim

Rural communities dependent on groundwater face increasing contamination risks, yet large-scale assessments of actual drinking water sources remain rare. This study pioneers a novel geostatistical framework to quantify contamination patterns using 2349 groundwater wells that serve as primary drinking water sources for populations in unsupplied areas of Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. Our integrated analysis revealed that NO₃⁻-N is the most pressing concern with 16.1 % of wells exceeding the national drinking water standard. Our analysis revealed unprecedented spatial contamination architecture. Nitrate demonstrated spatial coherence extending 62 km, vastly exceeding the <20 km ranges observed for trace elements. Variance partitioning quantified that neighboring wells contribute 38–40 % to nitrate variability at any location, indicating substantial hydraulic interconnection across the regional aquifer system. Local Indicators of Spatial Association identified six agricultural townships as contamination hotspots where mean nitrate concentrations reach 64.7 mg L⁻¹—over six times the safe drinking water limit. These hotspots exhibited 68 % cropland coverage compared to 33 % in non-hotspot areas. These findings transform understanding of groundwater contamination from local to regional phenomena, necessitating watershed-scale management rather than well-by-well remediation to protect rural drinking water supplies.

依赖地下水的农村社区面临越来越大的污染风险，但对实际饮用水源的大规模评估仍然很少。本研究开创了一个新的地质统计学框架，利用2349口地下水井作为韩国忠清南道无水地区人口的主要饮用水源，对污染模式进行量化。我们的综合分析显示，NO₃⁻-N是最紧迫的问题，16.1%的水井超过了国家饮用水标准。我们的分析揭示了前所未有的空间污染结构。硝酸盐表现出62公里的空间相干性，大大超过了微量元素的20公里范围。方差划分量化了相邻井在任何位置对硝酸盐变异的贡献为38 - 40%，表明整个区域含水层系统存在大量的水力互连。地方空间关联指标确定了6个农业乡镇为污染热点，平均硝酸盐浓度达到64.7 mg L -毒血症-超过安全饮用水限量的6倍。这些热点地区的耕地覆盖率为68%，而非热点地区的耕地覆盖率为33%。这些发现将对地下水污染的认识从局部现象转变为区域现象，需要流域尺度的管理，而不是逐井修复，以保护农村饮用水供应。

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引用次数: 0

Biochar-enhanced anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: Comparative performance and mechanistic insights 生物炭增强污泥厌氧消化：比较性能和机理的见解

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100423

Zhong-Fang Sun , Shu-Tong Wu , Chuan Chen , Zi-Han Wang , Jing-Yang Tan , Yu-Tong Zhang , Xue-Ting Wang , Shan-Shan Yang , De-Feng Xing , Dong-Mei Liu , Ai-Jie Wang , Nan-Qi Ren , Lei Zhao

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a sustainable approach for sewage sludge stabilization and energy recovery, but its efficiency is often limited by microbial imbalance and intermediate accumulation. Biochar addition is a promising strategy for enhancing AD, however, the mechanisms underlying its effectiveness, particularly the impact of biochar origin, remain insufficiently understood. This study systematically compared corn stover-derived biochar (CSBC), mixed straw-derived biochar (MSBC), and digested sludge-derived biochar (SSBC) regarding their effects on methane production, microbial community structure, and electron transfer processes in sewage sludge AD. Results revealed that CSBC addition (10 g/L) yielded the most significant enhancement, increasing cumulative methane yield by 122.1 % to 153.7 mL/g VS compared to the control. This superior performance correlated strongly with CSBC's abundant oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs), which facilitated higher redox activity (k_app 12-15 % greater than SSBC/MSBC) and electron transfer system activity (81.1 % increase over control). Microbial analysis revealed that CSBC was enriched with electron-transferring bacteria (e.g., Bacteroidetes_vadin HA17). Conversely, MSBC primarily facilitated hydrolysis, while SSBC preferentially stimulated hydrogenotrophic methanogens. These findings demonstrate that biochar surface chemistry and electrochemical properties are critical determinants of microbial interactions and methane yield, providing crucial insights for designing tailored biochars to optimize waste valorization and energy recovery in AD. This study offers a unique comparison of straw-versus sludge-derived biochars in sludge AD, highlighting the potential of SSBC in a circular economy context, and underscores the importance of linking biochar properties to functional microbial activity.

厌氧消化（AD）是一种可持续的污泥稳定和能量回收方法，但其效率往往受到微生物不平衡和中间积累的限制。添加生物炭是一种很有前途的增强AD的策略，然而，其有效性的机制，特别是生物炭来源的影响，仍然没有得到充分的了解。本研究系统比较了玉米秸秆衍生生物炭（CSBC）、混合秸秆衍生生物炭（MSBC）和消化污泥衍生生物炭（SSBC）对污泥AD中甲烷生成、微生物群落结构和电子转移过程的影响。结果表明，添加CSBC （10 g/L）对甲烷累积产率的提高最为显著，达到153.7 mL/g VS，较对照提高了122.1%。这种优异的性能与CSBC丰富的含氧官能团（OFGs）密切相关，它促进了更高的氧化还原活性（比SSBC/MSBC高12- 15%）和电子传递系统活性（比对照高81.1%）。微生物学分析显示，CSBC富含电子转移菌（如Bacteroidetes_vadin HA17）。相反，MSBC主要促进水解，而SSBC优先刺激氢营养产甲烷菌。这些发现表明，生物炭的表面化学和电化学性质是微生物相互作用和甲烷产量的关键决定因素，为设计量身定制的生物炭以优化AD中的废物价值和能量回收提供了重要见解。该研究提供了污泥AD中秸秆与污泥衍生生物炭的独特比较，强调了SSBC在循环经济背景下的潜力，并强调了将生物炭特性与功能性微生物活性联系起来的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of south-to-north water transfer project on ecology of typical water receiving area-Xiashan reservoir, China 南水北调工程对典型受水区——下山水库生态的影响

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100446

Zhuangzhuang Xiang , Tiantian Chen , Wei Gao , Weijun Tian , Jie Bai

Inter-basin water transfers are known to profoundly modify the ecological structure of aquatic systems, however, comparative studies assessing the ecological impacts on transferred versus non-transferred water bodies remain limited, particularly within the framework of large-scale projects such as the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP). The present study examined the trophic dynamics of two reservoirs: Xiashan (XS) reservoir, receiving water via the eastern route of the SNWTP, and Mushan (MS) reservoir, a non-transferred reference reservoir. Using stable isotope analysis, the trophic structures of functional communities in both systems were characterized. Our findings revealed a lower isotope overlap in the XS Reservoir compared to the MS Reservoir. Additionally, the fish community in the XS Reservoir exhibited longer food chains, greater isotopic diversity, wider ecological niches, and a more even trophic distribution relative to the MS Reservoir. These findings implied that water transfer operations under the SNWTP may enhance community diversity, expand ecological niches, and promote a more uniform distribution of nutrients within recipient reservoirs, which provides critical insights into the ecological consequences of inter-basin water transfers and supports informed management of impacted aquatic ecosystems.

众所周知，跨流域调水会深刻改变水生系统的生态结构，然而，评估调水与非调水水体生态影响的比较研究仍然有限，特别是在南水北调工程（SNWTP）等大型项目的框架内。本文研究了通过北水北调东线取水的夏山水库（XS）和未调入参考水库的木山水库（MS）的营养动态。利用稳定同位素分析对两种系统功能群落的营养结构进行了表征。我们的研究结果显示，与MS储层相比，XS储层中的同位素重叠较低。此外，与MS水库相比，XS水库的鱼类群落表现出更长的食物链、更大的同位素多样性、更广泛的生态位和更均匀的营养分布。这些研究结果表明，在长江南水北调下的调水操作可以增强群落多样性，扩大生态位，促进水库内营养物质的更均匀分布，这为流域间调水的生态后果提供了重要的见解，并为受影响的水生生态系统的知情管理提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Energy and carbon neutral urban water management 能源和碳中和的城市水管理

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100434

George F. Wells , Yayi Wang , Ana Soares

引用次数: 0

Banana fibres as adsorbents for ammonium and phosphate in slaughterhouse wastewater 香蕉纤维作为屠宰场废水中铵和磷酸盐的吸附剂

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100451

Valens Habimana , Paula Pou I Rodríguez , J. Chrisostome Ufitinema , Antoinette Ifeyinwa Okeke , Minna Hakkarainen , Antoine Nsabimana , Gunaratna Kuttuva Rajarao

Slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW), which is rich in organic matter, ammonium, and phosphate, contributes to water pollution if not properly treated. Here we investigated non modified banana fibre (NMOD BF), and sodium hydroxide-modified banana fibres (MOD BF), as low-cost adsorbents for ammonium and phosphate in synthetic slaughterhouse wastewater (SSWW). Batch and continuous adsorption experiments assessed their performance, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) characterized the fibres. The SEM-EDX confirmed surface modification and FTIR showed structural changes due to hemicellulose and lignin removal, enhancing cellulose exposure. In both batch and continuous systems, ammonium removal reached more than 90% in MOD BF and NMOD BF. An efficient removal of ammonium was achieved in 2 h and fibre concentration of 1 g/l. Phosphate removal reached up to 50% in MOD BF and NMOD BF. The NMOD BF excelled slightly in phosphate removal. These findings suggest that banana fibres can be a viable solution for removal of ammonium and phosphate in slaughterhouse wastewater treatment (SWWT), with additional optimization warranted for real-world applications.

屠宰场废水（SWW）富含有机物、铵和磷酸盐，如果处理不当，会造成水污染。本文研究了未改性香蕉纤维（NMOD BF）和氢氧化钠改性香蕉纤维（MOD BF）作为合成屠宰场废水（SSWW）中铵和磷酸盐的低成本吸附剂。间歇和连续吸附实验评估了它们的性能，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散x射线能谱（SEM - edx）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和热重分析（TGA）对纤维进行了表征。SEM-EDX证实的表面修饰和FTIR表明，由于半纤维素和木质素的去除，结构发生了变化，增强了纤维素的暴露。在间歇式和连续式系统中，modbf和NMOD BF的氨氮去除率均达到90%以上。在2 h内实现了铵的有效去除，纤维浓度为1 g/l。在MOD和NMOD高炉中，磷酸盐去除率达到50%以上。NMOD高炉除磷效果稍好。这些发现表明，香蕉纤维可以作为一种可行的解决方案，用于去除屠宰场废水处理（SWWT）中的铵和磷酸盐，并对实际应用进行额外的优化。

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引用次数: 0

Graph neural networks for hydraulic predictions in water distribution networks: incorporating sensor data and physical constraints 图神经网络的水力预测在配水网络：结合传感器数据和物理约束

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100448

Zilin Li , Haixing Liu , Yani Wang , Chi Zhang , Xingsen Guo , Guangtao Fu

Accurately predicting hydraulic states in water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is essential for maintaining effective pressure management and ensuring a reliable water supply. Traditional hydraulic models, however, face significant challenges related to calibration complexities and high costs, particularly under sparse sensor conditions. This study introduces an innovative approach that integrates a Gated Graph Neural Network (GGNN) with sensor-based initialization and loose physical constraints for predicting hydraulic states in WDNs. The GGNN leverages sensor data and graph topology to improve nodal head predictions, while a physical constraint—enforcing that upstream heads are greater than downstream heads—enhances consistency. Evaluations across three distinct WDNs demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed method, with consistent hyperparameters applied to all networks. Across three real-world network cases, the model achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) as low as 0.10 m and a Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) up to 0.90. Expressed relative to typical head magnitudes, these errors correspond to ≤2 % across networks, indicating practical accuracy under sparse sensing.These results underscore the robustness of sensor-based initialization and physical constraints, highlighting their contribution to accurate hydraulic state prediction even under sparse data conditions. This work provides a practical, scalable solution for hydraulic modelling of WDNs, advancing proactive urban water management. The code is available at https://github.com/Johnny328/GGNN-hydraulic-state-prediction.git.

准确预测配水管网中的水力状态对于维持有效的压力管理和确保可靠的供水至关重要。然而，传统的水力模型面临着与校准复杂性和高成本相关的重大挑战，特别是在稀疏传感器条件下。本研究介绍了一种创新的方法，该方法将门控图神经网络（GGNN）与基于传感器的初始化和松散的物理约束相结合，用于预测wdn中的水力状态。GGNN利用传感器数据和图拓扑来改进节点头预测，而物理约束强制要求上游头大于下游头，从而增强了一致性。对三个不同wdn的评估表明了所提出方法的有效性和泛化性，并将一致的超参数应用于所有网络。在三个真实网络案例中，该模型实现了低至0.10 m的平均绝对误差（MAE）和高达0.90的纳什-苏特克利夫效率（NSE）。相对于典型的头部幅度表示，这些误差在整个网络中对应于≤2%，表明在稀疏感知下的实际精度。这些结果强调了基于传感器的初始化和物理约束的鲁棒性，强调了它们在稀疏数据条件下对准确的水力状态预测的贡献。这项工作为wdn的水力建模提供了一个实用的、可扩展的解决方案，促进了前瞻性的城市水资源管理。代码可在https://github.com/Johnny328/GGNN-hydraulic-state-prediction.git上获得。

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引用次数: 0