Water Research X最新文献

英文中文

Methane emissions monitoring at wastewater treatment plants in Europe and Australia 欧洲和澳大利亚污水处理厂的甲烷排放监测

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100480

P de Jong , B Srinamasivayam , A Harrison , P Wardrop , M Rebsdorf , S Thorgaard , P Vale

Methane (CH₄) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent a significant greenhouse gas (GHG) source, challenging utilities aiming for net-zero carbon goals. The majority of the non-biogenic, direct (Scope 1) wastewater treatment plant emissions originate from i) nitrous oxide from the secondary wastewater treatment, and ii) CH₄ from the anaerobic degradation of wastewater and wastewater sludge. This study evaluates the effectiveness and suitability of various emissions measurement technologies and methodologies for quantifying methane emissions from wastewater treatment processes using data from monitoring trials conducted across treatment plants in Europe and Australia. The results provide a practical framework to guide utilities in selecting the most appropriate methods for monitoring and quantifying fugitive methane emissions from key sources such as open sludge storage, digesters, and sludge drying pans. . Findings across the 3 utilities indicate CH₄ losses of 5 %–25 % of total CH₄ production, with legacy assets like floating roof digesters contributing 245–2200 tCO₂e/year. At Melbourne Water’s Eastern Treatment Plant (ETP), measurement campaigns found that the open sludge drying pans were a major source of emissions and a mobile survey mapping campaign measured site-wide emissions of 46,000–114,000 tCO₂e/year. Aarhus Vand’s Egå WWTP measured CH₄ losses at ∼7 % of total CH₄ production, predominantly from vented sludge storage tanks. The study reviews advanced CH₄ measurement technologies, analysing emissions from WWTPs with sludge treatment centres. Normalised emissions key performance indicators are proposed, with discussions on limitations and mitigation strategies. Recommendations include tailored measurement methods, immediate leak detection and repair, and long-term investments in asset upgrades and alternative sludge treatment technologies.

污水处理厂（WWTPs）的甲烷（CH₄）排放是一个重要的温室气体（GHG）来源，对旨在实现净零碳目标的公用事业公司构成了挑战。大多数非生物源性的直接（范围1）废水处理厂的排放来自i)二级废水处理产生的氧化亚氮，以及ii)废水和废水污泥厌氧降解产生的甲烷。本研究评估了各种排放测量技术和方法的有效性和适用性，这些技术和方法用于量化废水处理过程中的甲烷排放，使用的数据来自欧洲和澳大利亚的处理厂进行的监测试验。结果提供了一个实用的框架，以指导公用事业公司选择最合适的方法来监测和量化主要来源的逸散性甲烷排放，如开放式污泥储存，消化器和污泥干燥盘。三家公用事业公司的调查结果表明，CH4损失占CH4总产量的5% - 25%，浮动屋顶沼气池等遗留资产每年贡献245-2200 tCO₂e。在墨尔本水务的东部处理厂（ETP），测量活动发现开放式污泥干燥盘是排放的主要来源，移动调查测绘活动测量了整个站点的排放量为46,000-114,000 tCO₂e/年。Aarhus Vand的eg污水处理厂测量的CH4损失占总CH4产量的约7%，主要来自通风污泥储存罐。该研究回顾了先进的甲烷测量技术，分析了污水处理厂与污泥处理中心的排放。提出了标准化排放关键绩效指标，并讨论了限制和缓解战略。建议包括量身定制的测量方法，即时泄漏检测和修复，以及对资产升级和替代污泥处理技术的长期投资。

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引用次数: 0

Distribution characteristics, driving factors and risk assessment of nitrate in groundwater of the Yellow River Basin 黄河流域地下水硝酸盐分布特征、驱动因素及风险评价

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2026.100499

Shuangbao Han , Fuyang Huang , Jiaqing Liu , Fucheng Li , Rui An , Rongzhen Xu , Yan Zheng , Shengpin Li , Wenpeng Li

Nitrogen fertilizers are widely used in agricultural production, and their residues can migrate to aquifers, threatening groundwater safety. As an important region for agricultural and energy production in China, the Yellow River Basin has seen the long-term application of nitrogen fertilizers. In this study, Based on the nitrate (NO₃⁻-N) data from 3116 groundwater monitoring sites collected over 2018–2022, this study investigated the occurrence and distribution characteristics of NO₃⁻-N in groundwater. Specifically, the driving factors of the migration and occurrence of NO₃⁻-N in groundwater were identified. The results show that the average concentration of NO₃⁻-N is 9.04 mg/L in the monitoring sites, and the rate of concentration exceed 10 mg/L is 24.71%. The average concentration of NO₃⁻-N gradually increases from the upstream to the downstream. The average concentration of NO₃⁻-N in groundwater decreases significantly with increasing depth, decreased from 5.75 mg/L (depth: 0–50 m) to 1.8 mg/L (depth: ≥200 m). The concentration of NO₃⁻-N in phreatic water is notably higher than that in confined water. High-concentrations of NO₃⁻-N (>10 mg/L) are mainly distributed in the areas with developed agriculture and industry. Especially in the areas of phreatic aquifers with suitable temperature, abundant rainfall, intensive industrial and agricultural activities, an oxidizing, Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl type groundwater environment. In some monitoring sites of phreatic aquifers with depths <50 m, NO₃⁻-N pose risks to human health.

氮肥在农业生产中广泛使用，其残留物会迁移到含水层，威胁地下水安全。黄河流域作为中国重要的农业和能源产区，氮肥的长期施用。在这项研究中，基于2018-2022年3116个地下水监测点的硝酸盐（NO₃⁻-N）数据，研究了NO₃⁻-N在地下水中的发生和分布特征。具体来说，确定了地下水中NO₃⁻-N迁移和发生的驱动因素。结果表明，监测点NO₃⁻-N的平均浓度为9.04 mg/L，浓度超过10 mg/L的比例为24.71%。NO₃-N的平均浓度从上游到下游逐渐增加。地下水中NO₃⁻-N的平均浓度随着深度的增加而显著降低，从5.75 mg/L（深度0-50 m）下降到1.8 mg/L（深度≥200 m）。NO₃-N在潜水中的浓度明显高于承压水中的浓度。高浓度的NO₃⁻-N（10毫克/升）主要分布在农业和工业发达的地区。特别是在温度适宜、雨量充沛、工农业活动密集、具有氧化性、Na-Cl和Ca-Mg-Cl型地下水环境的潜水含水层地区。在一些深度为50米的潜水含水层监测点，NO₃⁻-N对人类健康构成威胁。

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引用次数: 0

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

Phytoplankton community assembly and health assessment in the middle-lower Jialing River via high-throughput sequencing 基于高通量测序的嘉陵江中下游浮游植物群落组合与健康评价

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100470

Yuelin Tang , Fei Xu , Qingyun Yang , Tuo Zhang

This study evaluates the aquatic ecosystem health of the Jialing River (Nanchong section), a key Yangtze tributary, through phytoplankton-based assessment, providing scientific support for its ecological conservation and rehabilitation. In May 2023, phytoplankton samples from 22 sites in the Jialing River system were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing. Multivariate analyses (Spearman/NMDS/RDA/SEM) revealed diversity patterns and drivers, enabling ecological quality assessment of the mainstem and Xichong River tributary. Community assembly mechanisms were further elucidated. Results: (1) Phytoplankton composition analysis revealed 341 species from 196 genera and 7 phyla in the Jialing River system. Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cyanophyta were dominant phyla. The mainstem was dominated by Synechococcus and Chlorella, while Synechococcus, Aulacoseira, Cyclotella, and Gomphosphaeria were predominant in the Xichong River tributary. (2) Significant differences (P < 0.05) in phytoplankton community structure and diversity were observed between the Jialing mainstem and Xichong River, with permanganate index (CODMn) and total phosphorus (TP) identified as key influencing factors. (3) The P-IBI assessment classified the mainstem as "healthy" and the Xichong River as "moderate" in ecological status. P-IBI showed significant correlations (P < 0.05) with TP, CODMn, NH₃-N, and diversity indices (Simpson, Pielou, Shannon). (4) Stochastic processes dominated phytoplankton community assembly, indicating relatively good ecosystem health. Overall, the mid-lower mainstem exhibited better ecological conditions than tributaries, though poor tributary health remains a potential risk to the entire watershed.

通过基于浮游植物的评价方法，对长江重点支流嘉陵江南充段的水生生态系统健康状况进行了评价，为嘉陵江南充段的生态保护与修复提供了科学依据。2023年5月，对嘉陵江水系22个样点的浮游植物样品进行了高通量测序分析。多变量分析（Spearman/NMDS/RDA/SEM）揭示了西充江干流和支流生态质量的多样性格局和驱动因素。进一步阐明了社区集会机制。结果：(1)嘉陵江水系浮游植物组成分析结果显示，嘉陵江水系浮游植物共有7门196属341种。硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门为优势门。西冲河支流以聚球菌和小球藻为主，以聚球菌、Aulacoseira、Cyclotella和Gomphosphaeria为主。(2)嘉陵干流与西冲河浮游植物群落结构和多样性存在显著差异（P < 0.05），高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）和总磷（TP）是主要影响因子。(3) P-IBI评价将西冲河的生态状况划分为“健康”和“中等”。P- ibi与TP、CODMn、NH3-N和多样性指数呈显著相关（P < 0.05）（Simpson, Pielou, Shannon）。(4)浮游植物群落组成以随机过程为主，生态系统健康状况较好。总体而言，中下游干流的生态条件好于支流，但支流健康状况不佳仍对整个流域构成潜在风险。

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引用次数: 0

Dual pathways of tide-driven greenhouse gas emissions via porewater advection and surface exchange in mudflat and sandy beach 泥滩和沙滩孔隙水平流和表面交换的潮汐驱动温室气体排放的双重途径

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100468

Fengying Li , Zhibo Shen , Shiheng Tang , Jianan Liu , Chunwei Fu , Airui Wang , Jiasen Zhong , Xin Quan , Yu Han , Ehui Tan , Shuh-Ji Kao

Intertidal subterranean estuaries (STEs), as a critical component of the Earth's Critical Zone, are biogeochemical hotspots for greenhouse gas (GHGs: N₂O, CH₄, and CO₂) emissions. Tidal forcing fundamentally controls carbon and nitrogen cycles that driving the production/consumption of GHGs in muddy and sandy intertidal STEs. However, the sediment-dependent source/sink dynamics of GHGs and tidal responses remain poorly constrained. Through high-resolution spatiotemporal observations across sediment types in intertidal STEs, we show that the mudflat acted as a net GHGs source to coastal waters, whereas the sandy beach was a net sink of N₂O but a source of CH₄ and CO₂. Both types were net atmospheric GHGs sources, with CO₂ accounting for 79.05–99.88 %. The comparable magnitude of GHGs fluxes between sandy (N₂O: 0.67±2.36 µmol m^-2 h^-1; CH₄: 16.64±32.15 µmol m^-2 h^-1; CO₂: 2722.19±1825.04 µmol m^-2 h^-1) and muddy (N₂O: 2.12±1.96 µmol m^-2 h^-1; CH₄: 69.19±163.41 µmol m^-2 h^-1; CO₂: 4884.07±2680.89 µmol m^-2 h^-1) systems underscores the previously underestimated contribution of low-organic sandy coasts to marine GHGs budgets. Our analyses further identify pronounced tidal modulation of dissolved GHGs storage and transport pathways, including lateral (porewater exchange) and vertical (sediment/water-air interfaces) fluxes, with particularly strong tidal phase dependence in sandy environments. Global extrapolation of these observations estimates intertidal zones emissions at approximately 0.06±0.14 Tg N₂O, 0.53±1.11 Tg CH₄, and 191.22 ± 123.69 Tg CO₂ annually. These findings enhance mechanistic understanding of tidal-scale GHGs variability in coastal aquifers, highlighting the necessity to integrate hydrology and biogeochemistry into global GHGs budget to refine climate predictions.

潮间带地下河口（STEs）作为地球临界带的重要组成部分，是温室气体（GHGs: N2O、CH4和CO2）排放的生物地球化学热点。潮汐强迫从根本上控制了碳和氮循环，而碳和氮循环驱动了泥泞和沙质潮间带es中温室气体的生产/消耗。然而，依赖于沉积物的温室气体源/汇动态和潮汐响应仍然缺乏约束。通过对潮间带海带沉积物类型的高分辨率时空观测，我们发现泥滩是沿海水域的净温室气体源，而沙滩是N2O的净汇，但却是CH4和CO2的源。两种类型均为大气温室气体净源，其中CO2占79.05 - 99.88%。砂质系统（N2O: 0.67±2.36µmol m-2 h-1; CH4: 16.64±32.15µmol m-2 h-1; CO2: 2722.19±1825.04µmol m-2 h-1）和泥质系统（N2O: 2.12±1.96µmol m-2 h-1; CH4: 69.19±163.41µmol m-2 h-1; CO2: 4884.07±2680.89µmol m-2 h-1）之间的温室气体通量的比较量级强调了以前被低估的低有机砂质海岸对海洋温室气体收支的贡献。我们的分析进一步确定了溶解的温室气体储存和运输途径的明显潮汐调节，包括横向（孔隙水交换）和垂直（沉积物/水-空气界面）通量，在沙质环境中具有特别强的潮汐相位依赖性。根据这些观测的全球外推估计，潮间带每年的排放量约为0.06±0.14 Tg N2O、0.53±1.11 Tg CH4和191.22±123.69 Tg CO2。这些发现加强了对沿海含水层潮汐尺度温室气体变化的机制理解，强调了将水文和生物地球化学纳入全球温室气体预算以改进气候预测的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Urban blocks enable data-reduced, hydraulically sound planning for combined sewer overflow mitigation 城市街区可以减少数据，为综合下水道溢流缓解进行水力合理规划

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100466

Daneish Despot, Ganbaatar Khurelbaatar, Maria Chiara Lippera, Snigdha Dev Roy, Roland Müller, Jan Friesen

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) remain a major source of urban water pollution, exacerbated by increasing rainfall extremes and expanding impervious surfaces. Yet efforts to model and mitigate CSOs are often hampered by limited access to detailed sewer infrastructure data. This study presents a data-reduced modelling framework based on delineated urban blocks, which serve as both hydrological response units and the spatial basis for generating gravity-consistent synthetic sewer networks from open geospatial data. We compared four model configurations: Thiessen polygons with a real network, blocks with a real network, blocks with a synthetic network, and a lumped model, using 32 monitored overflow events in a Swiss catchment. The synthetic block model reproduced overflow volumes within –10 % to +20 %, matched 80 % of peak timings within 15 min, while reducing structural complexity by approximately 30 %. Kling–Gupta efficiency scores confirmed valid performance, though simplified models tended to overpredict peak flows and underestimate overflow durations. The synthetic configuration exhibited more frequent surcharging and lower conduit storage near the outlet, reflecting geometric trade-offs in the automated layout. Despite these limitations, block-based models preserve spatial attribution of runoff and enable rapid screening of decentralised interventions without requiring full network datasets. The framework supports early-stage planning and is compatible with both open-source and utility-held data. By aligning model structure with urban form and reducing data demands, this approach offers a scalable, reproducible framework for planning and prioritising decentralised interventions for CSO mitigation, even in cities with limited access to sewer infrastructure data.

联合下水道溢流（cso）仍然是城市水污染的主要来源，由于极端降雨的增加和不透水表面的扩大而加剧。然而，由于无法获得详细的下水道基础设施数据，对公民社会组织进行建模和缓解的努力往往受到阻碍。本研究提出了一个基于圈定的城市街区的数据简化建模框架，作为水文响应单元和空间基础，从开放的地理空间数据生成重力一致的合成下水道网络。我们比较了四种模型配置：具有真实网络的Thiessen多边形，具有真实网络的块，具有合成网络的块和集总模型，使用瑞士集水区的32个监测溢出事件。合成块模型在- 10%到+ 20%的范围内再现了溢出体积，在15分钟内匹配了80%的峰值时间，同时将结构复杂性降低了约30%。克林-古普塔效率分数证实了有效的性能，尽管简化模型倾向于高估峰值流量和低估溢出持续时间。综合配置在出口附近表现出更频繁的附加费和更低的导管储存，反映了自动化布局中的几何权衡。尽管存在这些限制，但基于区块的模型保留了径流的空间属性，并且无需完整的网络数据集就可以快速筛选分散的干预措施。该框架支持早期规划，并与开源和实用程序持有的数据兼容。通过使模型结构与城市形态保持一致并减少数据需求，这种方法提供了一个可扩展、可重复的框架，可用于规划和优先考虑分散干预措施，以减轻公民社会组织的影响，即使在获取下水道基础设施数据有限的城市也是如此。

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引用次数: 0

The spatiotemporal influence of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on basin nitrogen exports based on CMAQ-SWAT model 基于CMAQ-SWAT模型的大气氮沉降对流域氮输出的时空影响

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100465

Qin Hu , Hui Peng , Xiaohuan Liu , Jie Zhang , Hongyun Song , Latif Kalin , Meng Jiang , Ke Yang , Zhicheng Fan , Xianfen Liu , Jie Shi

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has become an important non-point source contributing to surface water pollution and a critical challenge in river water quality management. Most existing studies focused on how atmospheric N deposition affect river N fluxes on basin or regional scales, whereas research on the spatiotemporal variability of its impact on riverine N exports remains limited. In this study, an air quality model (Community Multiscale Air Quality, CMAQ) was coupled with a watershed model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) to accurately quantify N deposition fluxes across spatial and temporal scales and to trace their migration pathways. The integrated framework was applied to the Xiaoqing River Basin, a coastal watershed in eastern China. Results showed that atmospheric N deposition contributed 2.6 % to the total N export at the river outlet, with the highest monthly contribution in July (4.3 %). Atmospheric nitrate deposition accounted for 4.6 % of the total nitrate export, peaking at 11.4 % in July. During the wet season, 64.7 % of the annual atmospheric N deposition export occurred. Topography, land use/cover, and atmospheric N deposition flux jointly affected the spatial distribution of deposition-derived N exports, with higher contributions observed in steep-slope and urban areas. The coupled model effectively resolved the spatial-scale mismatch between atmospheric deposition patterns and watershed responses, providing new insights into the cascade processes linking atmospheric N emissions to aquatic environmental impacts.

大气氮沉降已成为地表水污染的重要非点源，是河流水质管理面临的严峻挑战。现有的研究大多集中在流域或区域尺度上大气氮沉降对河流氮通量的影响，而对其对河流氮输出影响的时空变异性研究仍然有限。在本研究中，空气质量模型（社区多尺度空气质量，CMAQ）与流域模型（土壤和水评估工具，SWAT）相结合，准确量化时空尺度上的N沉积通量，并追踪其迁移路径。该综合框架应用于中国东部沿海小清河流域。结果表明：大气氮沉降对河口总氮输出的贡献率为2.6%，其中7月的贡献率最高，为4.3%；大气硝酸盐沉积占硝酸盐出口总量的4.6%，7月份达到11.4%的峰值。全年大气氮沉降输出的64.7%发生在雨季。地形、土地利用/覆被和大气氮沉降通量共同影响了沉积型氮输出的空间分布，其中陡坡区和城区贡献较大。该耦合模型有效地解决了大气沉降模式与流域响应之间的空间尺度失配问题，为研究大气氮排放与水生环境影响的级联过程提供了新的视角。

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